CN104243001A - Broadband beam switching system and method - Google Patents
Broadband beam switching system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104243001A CN104243001A CN201410396621.6A CN201410396621A CN104243001A CN 104243001 A CN104243001 A CN 104243001A CN 201410396621 A CN201410396621 A CN 201410396621A CN 104243001 A CN104243001 A CN 104243001A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a broadband beam switching system which comprises a scan weight generation module, a beam spatial scan module, an interference direction acquiring module, a weight selection logic module, a beam forming weight generation module and a beam forming module, wherein the scan weight generation module is used for outputting scan weights corresponding to different orientation angles in space; the beam spatial scan module is connected with the scan weight generation module and used for finishing spatial scan of beams; the interference direction acquiring module is connected with the beam spatial scan module and used for calculating the direction of interference signals; the weight selection logic module is connected with the interference direction acquiring module and used for outputting weight selection control signals; the beam forming weight generation module is connected with the weight selection logic module and used for outputting generated weights; the beam forming module is connected with the beam forming weight generation module and used for beam forming. The invention further discloses a broadband beam switching method. By means of the system and the device, the calculation amount of a broadband beam forming system can be reduced, and meanwhile robustness of the system is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to antijam communication middle width strip AF panel and wave beam switches field fast, be specifically related to broadband beams switched system, broadband beams changing method.
Background technology
The problem such as to move at the main beam width change that when wide band digital beam-forming algorithm can solve array received broadband signal, frequency change causes, beam position skew, zero point, there is very strong practical value.But wide band digital beam-forming algorithm operation quantity is comparatively large, wants to accomplish real-time process, just necessarily requires higher signal handling capacity.Good way is not also had at the operand treating wide band digital beam-forming and how to reduce wide band digital beam-forming algorithm.So, realize with little operand the problem that the reception to broadband signal and the suppression to broad-band interference are very headaches always.
Method conventional in prior art is in transform domain, with discrete Fourier transform, broadband signal is divided into a lot of subbands, each subband is made to be narrow band signal, then on each narrow band signal, complete the Adaptive beamformer of arrowband, finally carry out subband comprehensive, just can obtain the result of broad-band EDFA.This method is the popularization of Narrow-band processing method in broad-band EDFA, the various processing methods of arrowband can be applied to broadband.
Also having a kind of is exactly the coherent signal subspace algorithm adopting H.Wang to propose, and its main thought is that frequency nonoverlapping in whole frequency band is transformed on reference frequency point by the method focused on.And then carry out Wave beam forming by the processing method of arrowband.
As mentioned above, existing technology is all get on to realize the Wave beam forming in broadband from the method for signal transacting, there is the problem that operand is large, robustness is poor.Requiring that in switching fast and sane system, existing implementation method is difficult to meet the demands.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide broadband beams switched system, broadband beams changing method, the operand of broad-band EDFA system can be reduced, improve the robustness of system simultaneously.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of broadband beams switched system, is characterized in, comprises:
Scanning weights generation module, for exporting the scanning weights of different orientation angle in corresponding space;
Beam space scan module, is connected with described scanning weights generation module, for completing the spacescan of wave beam;
Interference radiating way asks for module, is connected with described beam space scan module, for calculating the direction of interference signal;
Weights choose logic module, ask for model calling with described interference radiating way, choose control signal for exporting weights;
Wave beam forming weights generation module, chooses logic module with described weights and is connected, for exporting generation weights;
Wave beam forming module, is connected, for the formation of wave beam with described Wave beam forming weights generation module.
Preferably, broadband beams switched system comprises a beam scanning control module further, is connected with described scanning weights generation module, for generation of beam scanning control signal, controls described scanning weights generation module output scanning weights.
Preferably, broadband beams switched system comprises an acquisition module further, respectively with described beam space scan module, Wave beam forming model calling, for the fast beat of data of receiving array.
A kind of broadband beams changing method, is characterized in, comprises following steps:
S1, interference radiating way ask for module according to space difference point on average total power distribution map and known desired signal direction, calculate the direction of interference signal;
S2, Wave beam forming weights generation module, according to interference signal direction, choose the generation weights of Wave beam forming;
S3, Wave beam forming module, according to generation weights, determine digital beam direction, form broadband digital beam.
Preferably, described step S1 comprises:
S1.1, scanning weights generation module export the different scanning weights pointed in corresponding space;
S1.2, beam space scan module scan different sensing in space according to scanning weights, and the average total power distribution map that computing array respectively points in space.
Preferably, also step S1.0 is comprised before step S1.1 in described step S1;
Described step S1.0 is scanning weights generation module received beam scan control module, the beam scanning control signal of output.
Preferably, described step S1.2 comprises:
S1.2.1, beam space scan module determination beam scanning stepping;
S1.2.2, beam space scan module control wave beam according to scanning stepping pointing space different angles successively;
The wave beam that S1.2.3, beam space scan module point to for each, calculates the signal averaging total power value of now corresponding array received;
S1.2.4, beam space scan module scan whole space, obtain the average total power distribution map on different sensing.
Preferably, described step S2 is specially:
S2.1, weights are chosen logic module and are received interference radiating way and ask for the interference signal direction that module calculates;
S2.2, weights choose logic module according to known desired signal direction and interference signal direction, export and control the signal that Wave beam forming weights generation module chooses weights;
S2.3, Wave beam forming weights generation module choose control signal and the optiaml ciriterion of logic module according to weights, choose the generation weights of Wave beam forming.
Preferably, described optiaml ciriterion is the one in minimum mean square error criterion, maximum signal noise ratio principle, maximum likelihood ratio criterion, minimal noise variance criterion, linear restriction criterion.
Preferably, described step S3 is specially:
S3.1, Wave beam forming module receive the fast beat of data of array that acquisition module gathers;
S3.2, Wave beam forming module received beam form the generation weights that weights generation module is chosen
S3.3, Wave beam forming module are according to the fast beat of data of array and generate weights, determine digital beam direction, form broadband digital beam.
Broadband beams switched system of the present invention, broadband beams changing method compared with prior art have the following advantages: utilize oriented uniform circular array directional diagram to the insensitive characteristic of frequency, by the mode of array synthetic, obtain and there are wide zero weights fallen into, zero falls into width reaches about 30 °, reduce the estimated accuracy to broad-band interference direction, make directional diagram have low sidelobe level, form zero point in particular directions simultaneously, for suppressing interference; Obtained the arrival bearing of broad-band interference by the mode of spacescan, do not need complicated calculating; Adopt off-line weights integration algorithm, the weights directly calling the good correspondence of calculated off-line according to known desired signal direction and the interference signal direction of trying to achieve are weighted, the operational problem of weights has almost been transferred in calculated off-line, the operand of broad-band EDFA system can be reduced, improve the robustness of system simultaneously.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the operation principle schematic diagram of Beam Forming System;
Fig. 2 is the frequency response chart of even linear array directional diagram;
The structured flowchart of Fig. 3 broadband beams switched system of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the frequency response chart of even directed circle battle array directional diagram;
Fig. 5 is a burst of array structure schematic diagram of even directed circle;
Fig. 6 is the directional diagram of the use broadband signal arrived of array synthetic;
Fig. 7 is interference radiating way scanning beam directional diagram;
Fig. 8 is the spatial power the obtained distribution of beam scanning;
Fig. 9 is the flow chart of broadband beams changing method of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, by describing a preferably specific embodiment in detail, the present invention is further elaborated.
As shown in Figure 1, Beam Forming System roughly can be divided into four funtion parts: antenna array, radio-frequency front-end, data acquisition module, Digital Beamformer.Antenna array receives the signal of far-field radiation, and after radio-frequency front-end process, become intermediate-freuqncy signal and export, data acquisition module completes at synchronization
the intermediate-freuqncy signal collection of individual passage (16 array elements just have 16 passages), namely form a fast beat of data, give the process of self-adaptive numerical integration algorithm device, what calculate each array element is added with weights.Complex weighting is carried out to the data of each array element again after obtaining complex weighting coefficients simultaneously, form the wave beam in the direction that aims at the mark.Digital beam froming system, it can allow beam position target direction, is formed simultaneously and aims at interference radiating way dark zero point, suppress this strong jamming.
By certain optiaml ciriterion, as least mean-square error (M S E) criterion, maximum signal noise ratio principle, maximum likelihood ratio (M L) criterion, minimal noise variance (NV) criterion and linear restriction criterion (LCMV) etc.Obtain weights W by optiaml ciriterion, suppose
for the fast beat of data of signal in each array element, the output of array
it is the weighted sum to fast beat of data.Weight vector is made to be
（1）
Then the output of array can be expressed as
（2）
Meanwhile, system constantly adjusts the weights of array, makes array have adaptive ability, ensures that output signal-to-noise ratio is maximum.
In the communications, if some angle outside desired signal direction or certain region exist interference signal, then need that zero is carried out to corresponding secondary lobe position or region and fall into setting, to reach the object suppressing interference.
Hypothetical target directional diagram is
, but need
deng
individual angle arranges zero point
time, optimum orientation figure synthtic price index becomes the Solve problems under constrained lowest mean square meaning.
Wherein
multiple weighted vector to be asked,
it is array steering vector.
zero point in individual angle can be expressed as
（3）
Order
（4）
Then formula (3) can be expressed as form
（5）
Comprehensive for zeros constrained, demand fulfillment formula (5).
Lagrange's method of multipliers is a kind of optimized method of solved function.One is had to the optimization problem of multivariable and multi-constraint condition, the whole realization method of lagrange's method of multipliers is: introduce the coefficient of Lagrange's multiplier as vector in the linear combination of the gradient of constraint equation; Then local derviation is asked to the variable in constraint equation and Lagrange's multiplier, and make them be zero, then seek the solution of constraint equation in conjunction with constraints.Here employing lagrange's method of multipliers is solved the synthtic price index with zeros constrained, then
（6）
Wherein
it is Lagrange's multiplier composition
n dimensional vector n,
.
Order
, can obtain
（7）
Due to
（8）
Association type (7) and formula (8) can obtain there is being the Lagrange's multiplier vector under zeros constrained condition
with the optimum weighting vector of oriented array element
, for
（9）
Through type (9) can obtain having under constraints, best initial weights
.
The estimation in interference signal direction, particularly to the estimation in broadband signal direction, it is the basis that fast beam switched system carries out weights and calls, interference radiating way is estimated to realize by the method for beam space scanning, scan whole space with fixing directional diagram by certain step angle, obtain the arrival bearing of broad-band interference.
Off-line weights integration algorithm, array synthetic is the basis of off-line weight computing, can obtain desirable weights by least square integrated approach.Make directional diagram have low sidelobe level, form zero point in particular directions simultaneously, for suppressing interference.Be stored in the memory of work system by the weights of calculated off-line, beam switchover system calls weights according to certain adaptive principle.
Interference radiating way algorithm for estimating is realized by the mode of spacescan, this method does not need complicated calculating, and oriented uniform circular array has excellent performance, in certain bandwidth, its directional diagram is very little with frequency change, is scanned with certain step angle by one group of scanning beam.Obtain the arrival bearing of broad-band interference.
Fig. 2 illustrates for an even linear array, and other remains unchanged, and only when signal frequency changes, main beam and the secondary lobe region of array pattern all can change thereupon.This just causes in centre frequency
time calculate the weights met the demands of gained, for another frequency
, can not meet the demands, its main beam width, beam position all can change, Beamforming Method when this just causes narrow band signal, are not suitable for for broadband signal.
As shown in Figure 3, a kind of broadband beams switched system, is applied to Beam Forming System, comprises: scanning weights generation module 1, for exporting the scanning weights of different orientation angle in corresponding space; Beam space scan module 2, is connected with described scanning weights generation module 1, for completing the spacescan of wave beam; Interference radiating way asks for module 3, is connected with described beam space scan module 2, for calculating the direction of interference signal; Weights choose logic module 4, ask for module 3 be connected with described interference radiating way, choose control signal for exporting weights; Wave beam forming weights generation module 5, chooses logic module 4 with described weights and is connected, for exporting generation weights; Wave beam forming module 6, is connected, for the formation of wave beam with described Wave beam forming weights generation module 5; Beam scanning control module 7, is connected with described scanning weights generation module 1, for generation of beam scanning control signal, controls described scanning weights generation module 1 output scanning weights; Acquisition module 8, is connected with described beam space scan module 2, Wave beam forming module 6 respectively, for the fast beat of data of receiving array.
Supposing the system array structure as figure 5 illustrates, for directional diagram when each array element weighted value is 1 of the even linear array of 16 array elements as shown in Figure 2.Array element distance is half-wavelength,
time beam position be
, when keeping array element distance constant, in frequency
time, beam position there occurs change, and main lobe narrows simultaneously, and secondary lobe moves thereupon.The directional diagram of visible even linear array is more responsive for broadband signal.Only carry out improvement from algorithm itself and just may be used for receiving wide-band signal.
And for the even directed circle battle array of 16 array elements shown in Fig. 5, in certain signal bandwidth, for
other neighbouring frequencies, use centre frequency
time calculate gained weights formed array pattern with
the array pattern at place is all overlap in nearly all details.Due to this characteristic of oriented uniform circular array, us are made only to need to use same group of weights just can realize broad-band EDFA to each array element weighting.These weights can be obtained by array synthetic method.
Existing hypothetical target direction is known, and supposes that broad-band interference only has one, and the angle in broad-band interference direction and desired signal direction is greater than main beam width.When interference power is greater than signal power, or when interference power is close with signal power, the method that can be scanned by beam space roughly estimates the directional information of interference.After such process, we are just aware of the direction of desired signal and interference signal.If can there be one group of such weights, it is in the frequency range of whole broadband signal, main beam pointing target direction, and can form wider darker zero simultaneously and fall on interference radiating way, then these group weights available form the wave beam expected.When array performance can reach, these group weights can be obtained by the method calculated off-line of array synthetic, are then stored in hardware, call when Wave beam forming.Operand can be greatly reduced like this.
Obtain the array pattern had compared with Low sidelobe level, the method that least square is comprehensive can be adopted.Least square array pattern is comprehensively a kind of integrated approach approached based on directional diagram, has good approximation capability.The best initial weights of oriented array element semi arch battle array under unconfined condition
acquiring method, as follows:
（10）
Wherein
,
,
for target direction figure,
for the steering vector of oriented array element circle battle array.In the horizontal direction, specific as follows:
（11）
Note
, wherein,
（12）
Note
, wherein,
（13）
Suppose to need
deng
individual angle arranges zero point
.Then have
（14）
Wherein,
（15）
For having, the least square of zeros constrained is comprehensive, adopts lagrange's method of multipliers, has
（16）
Wherein
it is Lagrange's multiplier composition
n dimensional vector n,
.
The derivative of formula (16) is made to be zero
（17）
Abbreviation solves above formula and can obtain
（18）
Due to
（19）
The optimum weighting vector of oriented array element under zeros constrained condition can had by formula (18) and formula (19)
（20）
Through type (20), we can obtain a sensing target direction, have simultaneously
the directional diagram at individual zero point.But this directional diagram is the best initial weights for single-frequency, might not be applicable to broadband signal.For broadband signal, due to the relation between frequency and sensing, be oriented to
interference, embody region be
, for reaching in region be
middle formation zero falls into the degree of depth
, will fall in region zero and be provided with
at individual zero point, concrete method to set up can consult related documents.The weights acquiring method being then applicable to broadband signal in this region is as follows:
Step 1, radius by uniform circular array
, signal center frequency
, array element radiation function
and target direction figure
, calculate according to formula (12) and formula (13)
with
;
Step 2, by region
be divided into
part, according to zero number
and region
number, determine the set of likely combining of dead-center position
;
Step 3, from set
middle taking-up element, determines in formula (15)
form;
Step 4, solve best initial weights according to formula (11)
;
Step 5, by
corresponding array pattern can be obtained
, according to directional diagram
attainable region territory
the value of the highest interior sidelobe level, is carried out recording and putting into set
in;
Step 6, again from set
middle taking-up element, repeats 1 ~ 3 step, until investigated all possible outcomes;
Step 7, according to zero fall into the degree of depth
requirement, from set
in pick out centre frequency
locate satisfactory situation, weighted vector corresponding for these situations is formed a new set
;
Step 8, from set
middle taking-up weighted vector, whether the array pattern going other frequencies checking broadband signal to comprise to be formed with these group weights also can in region
inside meet the requirements of zero and fall into the degree of depth.If meet the demands, then these group weights are put into new set
in;
Step 9, repetition the 8th step, until check out set
in all elements, the set now obtained
be satisfactory weights set, from set
in seek optimum weights, namely have and fall into zero the characteristic that in region, the highest sidelobe level is minimum.
By step above, can in the hope of in the frequency band of whole broadband signal to the optimum array pattern that all frequency contents are all suitable for.Obtain directional diagram on special angle as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 6.
It is insensitive that Fig. 4 illustrates oriented uniform circular array to frequency change.In certain signal bandwidth, for
other neighbouring frequencies, use centre frequency
time calculate gained weights formed array pattern with
the array pattern at place is all overlap in nearly all details.
Fig. 5 illustrates a burst of array structure schematic diagram of even directed circle.Fig. 6 illustrates the method for the even directed circle battle array shown in Fig. 5 by array synthetic, and adopt the mode of calculated off-line to obtain pointing to different directions, have the weights that wider zero falls into region simultaneously, zero falls into width close to 30 °.Because circle battle array has good broadband character, this weights can be used for broad-band interference and suppress system.
Fig. 7 illustrates beam position
spacescan wave beam, have lower secondary lobe and narrower main beam width, the weights in other direction also have same characteristic.In native system, width reaches 30 ° zero point, can not need the arrival bearing accurately knowing interference signal, the method that can simply adopt beam space to scan obtain interference signal come to.Distributed as shown in Figure 8 by the spatial power obtained of Fig. 7 beam scanning.
As shown in Figure 9, a kind of broadband beams changing method, comprises following steps:
S1, interference radiating way ask for module 3 according to space difference point on average total power distribution map and known desired signal direction, calculate the direction of interference signal;
S1.0, scanning weights generation module 1 received beam scan control module 7, the beam scanning control signal of output;
S1.1, scanning weights generation module 1 export the different scanning weights pointed in corresponding space;
S1.2, beam space scan module 2 scan different sensing in space according to scanning weights, and the average total power distribution map that computing array respectively points in space;
S1.2.1, beam space scan module 2 determine beam scanning stepping, are set as that stepping is here
, calculated off-line main beam pointing is
, there are the weights that the array pattern of comparatively Low sidelobe level (below-20dB) is corresponding;
S1.2.2, beam space scan module 2 control wave beam according to scanning stepping pointing space different angles successively;
The wave beam that S1.2.3, beam space scan module 2 point to for each, calculates the signal averaging total power value of now corresponding array received;
S1.2.4, beam space scan module 2 scan whole space, obtain the average total power distribution map on different sensing, as shown in Figure 8, one of them peak point respective signal direction, what another peak point was corresponding is interference radiating way, and angle corresponding for this peak point is designated as interference radiating way;
S2, Wave beam forming weights generation module 5, according to interference signal direction, choose the generation weights of Wave beam forming;
S2.1, weights are chosen logic module 4 and are received interference radiating way and ask for the interference signal direction that module 3 calculates;
S2.2, weights choose logic module 4 according to known desired signal direction and interference signal direction, export and control the signal that Wave beam forming weights generation module 5 chooses weights;
S2.3, Wave beam forming weights generation module 5 choose control signal and the optiaml ciriterion of logic module 4 according to weights, choose the generation weights of Wave beam forming;
S3, Wave beam forming module 6, according to generation weights, determine digital beam direction, form broadband digital beam;
S3.1, Wave beam forming module 6 receive the fast beat of data of array that acquisition module 8 gathers;
S3.2, Wave beam forming module 6 received beam form the generation weights that weights generation module 5 is chosen
S3.3, Wave beam forming module 6 are according to the fast beat of data of array and generate weights, determine digital beam direction, form broadband digital beam.
Although content of the present invention has done detailed introduction by above preferred embodiment, will be appreciated that above-mentioned description should not be considered to limitation of the present invention.After those skilled in the art have read foregoing, for multiple amendment of the present invention and substitute will be all apparent.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be limited to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. a broadband beams switched system, is characterized in that, comprises:
Scanning weights generation module (1), for exporting the scanning weights of different orientation angle in corresponding space;
Beam space scan module (2), is connected with described scanning weights generation module (1), for completing the spacescan of wave beam;
Interference radiating way asks for module (3), is connected, for calculating the direction of interference signal with described beam space scan module (2);
Weights choose logic module (4), asking for module (3) and are connected, choosing control signal for exporting weights with described interference radiating way;
Wave beam forming weights generation module (5), chooses logic module (4) with described weights and is connected, for exporting generation weights;
Wave beam forming module (6), is connected, for the formation of wave beam with described Wave beam forming weights generation module (5).
2. broadband beams switched system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, comprise a beam scanning control module (7) further, be connected with described scanning weights generation module (1), for generation of beam scanning control signal, control described scanning weights generation module (1) output scanning weights.
3. broadband beams switched system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, comprise an acquisition module (8) further, be connected respectively, for the fast beat of data of receiving array with described beam space scan module (2), Wave beam forming module (6).
4. a method for broadband beams switched system as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, comprise following steps:
S1, interference radiating way ask for module (3) according to space difference point on average total power distribution map and known desired signal direction, calculate the direction of interference signal;
S2, Wave beam forming weights generation module (5), according to interference signal direction, choose the generation weights of Wave beam forming;
S3, Wave beam forming module (6), according to generation weights, determine digital beam direction, form broadband digital beam.
5. broadband beams changing method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, described step S1 comprises:
S1.1, scanning weights generation module (1) export the different scanning weights pointed in corresponding space;
S1.2, beam space scan module (2) scan different sensing in space according to scanning weights, and the average total power distribution map that computing array respectively points in space.
6. broadband beams changing method as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, also comprise step S1.0 in described step S1 before step S1.1;
Described step S1.0 is scanning weights generation module (1) received beam scan control module (7), the beam scanning control signal of output.
7. broadband beams changing method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, described step S1.2 comprises:
S1.2.1, beam space scan module (2) determine beam scanning stepping;
S1.2.2, beam space scan module (2) control wave beam according to scanning stepping pointing space different angles successively;
The wave beam that S1.2.3, beam space scan module (2) point to for each, calculates the signal averaging total power value of now corresponding array received;
S1.2.4, beam space scan module (2) scan whole space, obtain the average total power distribution map on different sensing.
8. broadband beams changing method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, described step S2 is specially:
S2.1, weights are chosen logic module (4) and are received interference radiating way and ask for the interference signal direction that module (3) calculates;
S2.2, weights choose logic module (4) according to known desired signal direction and interference signal direction, export and control the signal that Wave beam forming weights generation module (5) chooses weights;
S2.3, Wave beam forming weights generation module (5) choose control signal and the optiaml ciriterion of logic module (4) according to weights, choose the generation weights of Wave beam forming.
9. broadband beams changing method as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that, described optiaml ciriterion is the one in minimum mean square error criterion, maximum signal noise ratio principle, maximum likelihood ratio criterion, minimal noise variance criterion, linear restriction criterion.
10. broadband beams changing method as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that, described step S3 is specially:
S3.1, Wave beam forming module (6) receive the fast beat of data of array that acquisition module (8) gathers;
S3.2, Wave beam forming module (6) received beam form the generation weights that weights generation module (5) are chosen
S3.3, Wave beam forming module (6) are according to the fast beat of data of array and generate weights, determine digital beam direction, form broadband digital beam.
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