CN104239082B - The hot patch implementation method of embedded system - Google Patents
The hot patch implementation method of embedded system Download PDFInfo
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- CN104239082B CN104239082B CN201310248056.4A CN201310248056A CN104239082B CN 104239082 B CN104239082 B CN 104239082B CN 201310248056 A CN201310248056 A CN 201310248056A CN 104239082 B CN104239082 B CN 104239082B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 claims description 100
- 230000003362 replicative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses the hot patch implementation methods of embedded system, firstly, finding old function in existing system, first instruction of the function is changed to jump instruction, and new function is directed toward in the address jumped, to realize that the function of new function replaces original old function.Thus, it is possible to realize function renewal and defect repair that system software is completed in the case where that cannot replace software systems, restarting equipment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to embedded system technologies, and in particular to the patching technology of embedded system.
Background technique
Modern network requires stability, the fault-tolerance of embedded device higher and higher, it is desirable that equipment has few in system
Perhaps it is still able to maintain and continues to run in the case where mistake, keep the correctness and continuity of other function.
Traditional embedded software updates, and needs to replace whole system image file, even if this directly results in system only
Need to repair a local defect, it is also necessary to restarted by system complete machine to complete software upgrading.But for embedded device
Use occasion, generally require and avoid replacing software version with the mode of restarting equipment, hot patch technology can be good at making up
This problem.
Hot patch provides one kind in the case where not interrupting built-in equipment operation, quickly, is achieved at low cost system
The technology of the partial modification of software, to achieve the purpose that repair software defect and update system function.
It can be seen that how to carry out partial modification, Shi Ben to system software using hot patch technology in embedded systems
The problem of field urgent need to resolve.
Summary of the invention
The present invention needs to replace whole system image file when being directed to existing embedded software function renewal and defect repair
The problem of restarting with system complete machine to complete, and a kind of hot patch technology for embedded system is provided.It can be realized
In the case where software systems, restarting equipment cannot be replaced, the function renewal and defect repair of system software are completed.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that:
The hot patch implementation method of embedded system, the method in existing system firstly, find old function, by the letter
First several instructions are changed to jump instruction, and new function is directed toward in the address jumped, so that it is original to realize that the function of new function replaces
Old function.
In preferred embodiment of the invention, specific step is as follows for the method:
(1) compiling realize new function or repair defect new function, compile generation file format save code segment,
Data segment and BSS sections, the file which generates this document and can be read by the system and copy to memory as module file
Middle execution；
(2) it by the Symbol division used in the file of compiling generation into individual file, generates a character style and protects
The symbol table deposited, there are the symbols being newly added in symbol present in original system and this patch in the symbol table, and pass through
The complete symbols table used in original system is searched, the corresponding value of symbol existing for original system in the symbol table is filled complete；
Again by the complete symbols table extracted and the table of newly putting in marks extracted with character string forms, the middle module generated of same step (1)
File is packaged as a patch file；
(3) goal systems is added the complete symbols table extracted in step (2) and to module file in step (1)
Carry out dynamically load；
(4) it imports after symbol table, system isolates the module file in patch file dynamically load patch file
Come, and its code segment, data segment and BSS sections are successively copied in corresponding memory headroom；Simultaneously being defined in patch file
Function be added in the symbol table of system itself；
(5) after having loaded patch, the new function in patch file for update is searched, then inquiry system symbol table,
It determines the position of function that needs are updated in system code section, and several bytes before the function is jumped into finger instead
It enables, jump address is the address of code segment where new function.
Further, the file format that compiling generates in the step (1) is ELF format.
Further, in the step (3) before dynamically load, the addition of symbol table is completed by dynamic addition.
Further, empty for replicating code segment in patch file, data segment and BSS sections of memory in the step (4)
Between be embedded system when generating system software reserve.
Further, when step (4) the load patch file, to the corresponding version number of patch file and system software
Version number do consistency check.
It can effectively realize in the case where being changed without software systems, restarting equipment through the above scheme, complete system
The function renewal and defect repair of software greatly reduce the cost that embedded system is updated or repaired.
Meanwhile it is simple and reliable when this programme implementation.Without recompilating whole system software, avoid because compile error is led
The version of cause is unstable.
It can guarantee the correctness and continuity of the other functions of system.In replacement system power function, it will not influence
The normal execution of his function, will not influence the normal consistency of system.
The generation period of system software when reducing embedded system addition new function.It is soft due to regenerating whole system
Part need it is functional to the institute of the software make factory and test just can guarantee the stabilization of version, and the patch mode is due to other systems
Function all has not been changed, and reduces the unstable risk of system software.
Practicability is wide, and the program is suitable for most of embedded systems for supporting symbol table and dynamically load.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is that patch file format is intended in this example；
Fig. 2 is the calling schematic diagram of original function；
Fig. 3 is the calling schematic diagram of the function after patch installing.
Specific embodiment
In order to be easy to understand the technical means, the creative features, the aims and the efficiencies achieved by the present invention, tie below
Conjunction is specifically illustrating, and the present invention is further explained.
Hot patch scheme provided by the invention is that old function is found in existing system, and first instruction of the function is changed
For jump instruction, new function is directed toward in the address jumped, to realize that the function of new function replaces original old function.
Based on the above principles, concrete scheme of the invention includes the following steps:
When the program is implemented, when each system software generates, symbol table file (such as .map of corresponding software version can be generated
File), it is used to search symbol that newly compiled patch file is used in systems correspondingly when for version generation patch
Location.
1, it first has to compiling to realize new function or repair the new function of defect, the file format for compiling generation is ELF lattice
Formula.The format saves code segment, data segment and BSS section, and the file which is generated is as module file, and this document is most
It can be read by the system and be copied in memory eventually and be executed.
2, using the compilation tool objdump of system, by the Symbol division used in the module file of compiling generation to list
In only file, a symbol table file is generated, due to connecting not yet, so having symbol but corresponding value in the symbol table
For sky, the symbol that the patch file is used in total can be effectively indicated in this way, it is complete by searching for being used in original system
Symbol table fills the corresponding value of symbol existing for original system in the symbol table complete；Again by the complete symbols table extracted and
Extract it is unfinished newly put in marks table with character string forms, a patch file is packaged into together with module file.
3, goal systems is added the complete symbols table extracted in step (2) and to module file in step (1)
Carry out dynamically load.It will increase the size of system software due to initializing global symbol table in system software in advance, consuming need not
The memory space wanted, so symbol table can be completed before dynamically load by dynamic addition.It is possible thereby to save certain
Memory space.
4, it imports after symbol table, goal systems is by dynamically load patch file, the module file in patch file point
It separates out and, and its code segment, data segment and BSS sections are successively copied in corresponding memory headroom, while in patch file
The function of definition is added to symbol table.When being loaded into patch, code segment, data segment and BSS sections of target memory space is that needs are embedding
What embedded system was reserved when generating system software, since the code segment of embedded device tends not to too greatly, reserved space is big
Small is respectively 2M.
The step can do the version number of the corresponding version number of patch file and system software when loading patch file
Consistency check, if it is not the same, should not so load the patch.
5, after having loaded patch, the new function in patch file for update is searched, then inquires goal systems symbol
Table, come determine old function that needs are updated in code segment (code segment whether be goal systems code segment) position,
And several bytes before the function are changed to jump instruction, jump address is the address of code segment where new function.
For above-mentioned specific scheme, the present invention illustrated by such as next specific example the program to embedded system into
The detailed process of row hot patch.
Entire patch installation process is divided into three pieces by this example:
1) service packs is constructed: compiling new function, the service packs that building system can identify.And to ensure that new function is in original
It can be worked normally in system, other symbols called in new function can be found.
2) two class symbol tables, I system analysis service packs: are imported) symbol table that calls in new function, II) it needs to be replaced
The original function symbol table changed, then copies to the code segment of service packs, data segment and BSS section in system specified memory, and protect
Shield is got up.
3) it replaces original function: first instruction of original function being changed to jump instruction, jump address is the address of new function.
1) building service packs is divided into following subprocess:
1.1) compiling new function generates ELF format file
Due to before compiling, generally having known the various information of function name and goal systems that needs update, so
As long as a new function is constructed, to replace original old function just.The function name of new function is set as the function of original function
Name adds suffix " _ patch ", it does so in the step of being convenient for below and finds the original function name for needing patch installing.For example
Wish by original function " int doshowversion (void) " patch installing, then its corresponding patch function just should be " int
doshowversion_patch(void)”。
The input parameter and return value of new function are identical as the corresponding relationship needs of original function, can be avoided new function in this way
The input parameter read is led to the problem of.
Due to needing to isolate symbol table from the ELF format file of compiling in the steps afterwards, so for outside
The calling of function can write the do-nothing function of a same name.
Then the patch source code file is compiled using the compilation tool of embedded system, generates an ELF lattice
The file of formula.
1.2) symbol table is isolated from the ELF format file of generation
The mode of embedded system separating character table is different, this example is using vxworks as example.
This example uses objdump tool, and uses option -- and syms generates symbol table, and is deposited into tmp.sym text
In part.
Meanwhile need to detect when installing patch code segment, data segment and BSS sections in patch whether can be written in
It deposits, whether memory is enough, needs to know code segment, data segment and BSS sections of length thus, obtains this using corresponding method
A little values, and be deposited into a file, and this document is named as tmp.size.
1.3) it is packaged symbol table
If initialization symbol table can occupy the memory headrooms of 500K or so more at runtime, for insertion in original system
Formula system, the memory headroom of this 500K are also more valuable.So the selection of this example does not use system in initialization
All symbol loading systems global symbol table, and only establish the empty table initialized.The symbol generated due to front
Number list file tmp.sym, which includes the symbols that this patch is used.When system software generates, corresponding software can be generated
Symbol table file (such as .map file).
For this purpose, this example is by searching for .map file, with can be in all symbols that .map file is found in tmp.sym file
It number completes the complete symbols table of patch needs, then the complete symbol table of this part is packed into patch file.
The designation length (SYMBOL_NAME_SIZE) in data structure being packaged for each symbol table can be set
80 are set to, can be adjusted for different this value of compiler and chip.
When completing complete symbols table, the symbol occurred in tmp.sym file is traversed, searches, looks into .map file
The storage found ultimately generates the big array of SYMBAL_TABLE_ENTRY structure to store the symbol that these find
Table sets -1 to confirm that when symbol table terminates for the value of all value when the array initializes.The member of the big array
Plain number is set as 256, this size is enough for embedded device.
For the symbol that can not be found in map, explanation be it is current newly added, should also be bundled to patch file
In, to search the original function and objective function that need to repair.
1.4) version number of patch and verification
In order to ensure the compatibility of the patch file and system software, guarantee system software can the normal use patch,
The system software release number that should support the patch is bundled in patch, examines compatibility for system software.
Simultaneously in order to ensure patch file is in the transmission without generating mistake, need to do CRC check.It need to also be in patch file
Cyclic redundancy check when generation is loaded into patch file.
We are stored in a data structure these information, this data structure is bundled to patch file tail portion for being
Software of uniting parses.
1.5) patch file packet is constructed
According to above-mentioned 1.1) -1.4) content of part constructs corresponding patch file packet, specific structure as shown in Figure 1,
It mainly include ELF file, complete symbols table, newly put in marks table and patch file information header.
ELF file is the module file of generation after the new function compiling for needing to update, wherein containing code segment, data
Section and BSS sections.
Complete symbols table and new symbol table, essence are above-mentioned ELF module files using objdump tool, are separated
Symbol table file.Wherein complete symbols table is that symbol in this document corresponds in original system complete symbols table and can find value
The table that a part of symbol is constituted, and table of newly putting in marks be in this document can not from original system complete symbols table lookup value that
The table that a part is constituted.
Patch file information header mainly includes patch file version number, and cyclic redundancy check and ELF file, symbol table are in text
Position in part.
To avoid the tedious steps for being manually generated patch file, a packing program can be write on host to generate
Patch file.The concrete methods of realizing for being packaged program is:
A ELF file, symbol table file, original system software, original system complete symbols list file) are found.
B a new file) is opened by the routine interface of host, this document is as patch file, if it is windows
System can use the interfaces such as file_cpy and copy to ELF file, symbol table file in patch file.
C after) constructing patch file information header, patch file is written into using interfaces such as file_append.
2) system software parsing installation service packs
Installation service packs mainly passes through the library file that the symlib and loadlib of system are provided, and will be bundled to patch file
In complete symbols table and module file be dynamically loaded into system, then find and need the old function new function that is replaced
Instead of process is broadly divided into:
2.1) patch file information header parsing
After patch file is copied in the storage equipment of embedded system, I reads the patch file.Due to patch file
The size of information header is certain, as long as therefore read file end sizeof (hotfix_param_t) a byte, energy
Enough read the head.
Pass through firstly, calculating CRC and whether verifying.
Then, system version number and patch release number are compared, if it is consistent, if inconsistent should so stop installing
The patch.
2.2) symbol table that installation patch file can be used
Symlib may not be incorporated into system, so needing if the system software of vxworks will support hot patch
Macro INCLUDE_SYM_TBL is taken in compiling.
The position of complete symbols table is had recorded in patch information head, for the offset ref_ of file beginning
Symbol_table_offset starts, and reads and starts to read symbol table with the structure of data structure SYMBAL_TABLE_ENTRY.
Then by symbol table writing system symbol table, search whether the symbol table has been added using system interface symFindByName
Enter, if be not added, system symbol table is added in symbol table using symTblAdd.
2.3) new module is loaded
Loadlib may not be incorporated into system, so if the system software of vxworks will support hot patch,
It needs to take macro INCLUDE_LOADER in compiling.
The length of code segment, data segment needed for patch and BSS sections has been had recorded in patch information header file, therefore needs elder generation
Then storage allocation calls loadModuleAt that ELF file is regarded module dynamically load, load while can add new function
Enter into system symbol table.
Since present embedded system supports multicore, the processing of multicore is often common codes section, but data segment and
BSS sections personal.It is gone so needing to copy to data segment and BSS sections from core.
3) original function is replaced with new function
New symbol table is saved in patch file, since front has determined band in this new symbol table " _
The function of patch " suffix exactly needs new function to be loaded, and removing the suffix is exactly the original function for needing to be replaced.
Before the patch installing to original function, the called mode of original function is as shown in Fig. 2, caller calls directly former letter
Several Instraction1 executes original function.
Due to needing to replace original function, new function is replaced with, there are three types of processes since system operation is general only:
1) it sequentially executes instruction；
2) instruction jumps；
3) it interrupts.
For this purpose, process of this example to original function patch installing, exactly replaces with one for the Instraction1 of original function
The process of jump instruction, jump address are the first address of new function.
Referring to Fig. 3 which shows the calling schematic diagram after having beaten patch.As seen from the figure, the effect for having beaten patch, is equivalent to
Caller has called directly the new_Instruction1 of new function, without executing Instruction2 and later code.
For this purpose, this example is in specific implementation, new function and original function are found in generation first with symFindByName interface
Address in code section instructs first of original function the j target_addr for being changed to assembly instruction, wherein target_addr
For the first address of new function.Original Instruction1 is saved before a modification, and is managed with a global chained list
Installed patch.
Wherein in the structure of global linked list element there is func_rec field to be used to save the instruction being replaced, with
It is used when just unloading patch.
It is noted that some cpu support pipelining since the cpu that embedded system is supported is varied, so
When first jump instruction is also not carried out, Article 2 instruction Instruction2 is had read, may have been caused so not
Instruction2 can be revised as 00000000 so on the processor for supporting assembly line by necessary problem, that is,
Nop instruction.And when modification code section address, it should close and interrupt, when preventing from being modified to half, modification process is interrupted, and is led
This section of invalid code is caused to be cited.
It after having modified original function, needs to update the cache of cpu, dummy order CACHE_TEXT_UPDATE can be called.
4) it is still effective to restart rear patch for guarantee
Equipment may be restarted due to some other, and the patch installed before restarting should still have after restarting
Effect.Concrete methods of realizing is the behaviour's action command realization " patch install WORD " for installing patch, which is saved in life
It enables in storage file " startup-config ", in each system start-up initialisation, can read this document, parse word therein
Symbol is gone here and there and is executed as order.
5) patch is unloaded
Since the function of patch is it could also be possible that defective, so the patch after installation should have mechanism can be by patch
Unloading.When installing patch, this example saves all information of patch in MODULE_INFO_REC, so can when unloading
Restore the instruction for being replaced function.
By the func_rec field of MODULE_INFO_REC, the instruction for the function being updated before restoring.Then it uses
UnldByModuleId unloads installed patch.
The basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention have been shown and described above.The technology of the industry
Personnel are it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and description only describe this
The principle of invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes and improvements may be made to the invention, these changes
Change and improvement all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention.The claimed scope of the invention by appended claims and its
Equivalent thereof.
Claims (5)
1. the hot patch implementation method of embedded system, which is characterized in that the method in existing system firstly, find old letter
Number, is changed to jump instruction for first instruction of the function, and new function is directed toward in the address jumped, to realize the function of new function
Replace original old function；Specific step is as follows for the method:
(1) compiling realizes new function or repairs the new function of defect, and the file format for compiling generation saves code segment, data
Section is with BSS sections, and as module file, this document can be read by the system and copy in memory and hold the file which generates
Row；
(2) by the Symbol division used in the file of compiling generation into individual file, generate what a character style saved
Symbol table, there are the symbols being newly added in symbol present in original system and this patch in the symbol table, and by searching for
The complete symbols table used in original system fills the corresponding value of symbol existing for original system in the symbol table complete；Again will
The complete symbols table extracted and the table of newly putting in marks extracted are with character string forms, the middle module file generated of same step (1)
It is packaged as a patch file；
(3) goal systems is added the complete symbols table extracted in step (2) and carries out to module file in step (1)
Dynamically load；
(4) it importing after symbol table, system separates the module file in patch file dynamically load patch file,
And its code segment, data segment and BSS sections are successively copied in corresponding memory headroom；Simultaneously letter defined in patch file
Number is added in the symbol table of system itself；
(5) after having loaded patch, the new function in patch file for update is searched, then inquiry system symbol table, come true
Position of the function for needing to be updated calmly in system code section, and several bytes before the function are changed to jump instruction, it jumps
Turn the address that address is code segment where new function.
2. the hot patch implementation method of embedded system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step (1)
The file format that compiling generates is ELF format.
3. the hot patch implementation method of embedded system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step (3)
Before dynamically load, the addition of symbol table is completed by dynamic addition.
4. the hot patch implementation method of embedded system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step (4)
Memory headroom for replicating code segment in patch file, data segment and BSS sections is embedded system when generating system software
Reserved.
5. the hot patch implementation method of embedded system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step (4) adds
When carrying patch file, consistency check is done to the version number of the corresponding version number of patch file and system software.
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