CN104237098A - Method for measuring gradient of rock starting pressure - Google Patents
Method for measuring gradient of rock starting pressure Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104237098A CN104237098A CN201310247301.XA CN201310247301A CN104237098A CN 104237098 A CN104237098 A CN 104237098A CN 201310247301 A CN201310247301 A CN 201310247301A CN 104237098 A CN104237098 A CN 104237098A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- measured
- oil sample
- free
- boundary problem
- rock
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for measuring the gradient of rock starting pressure. The method is characterized by comprising the steps of putting a treated oil reservoir rock core to be measured into a rock core clamp (5), and ensuring that the outlet end of the rock core clamp (5) is filled with an experimental oil sample; switching on a valve at the outlet end of the rock core clamp (5) when a high-precision metering pump (3) is switched on, marking out a position of experimental oil sample liquid at the outlet end of the rock core clamp (5), observing a moving situation of the experimental oil sample liquid, and recording an oil column height value h of a pressure measurement oil column (9) at the inlet end of the rock core clamp (5) at the moment when the liquid starts to move, wherein a pressure value calculated according to the oil column height value h is the gradient of the starting pressure, which is measured under the flow, of the oil reservoir rock core to be measured. The gradient of the real starting pressure of the rock is directly measured by adopting a method for gradually constructing differential pressure at two ends of the rock core by setting extremely low flow; the method has the characteristics of simple measurement process, convenience in operation, high measurement precision, economy and practicability.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of measuring method of rock free-boundary problem, belong to oil-gas exploration and development oil and gas zone evaluation method and technology field.
Background technology:
In nontraditional reservoir recovery process, because the seepage flow characteristics under certain pressure gradient exists does not meet the condition of darcy flow, namely flow and pressure reduction are not linear, so such oil reservoir is within the scope of certain displacement pressure, its seepage characteristic shows as non linear fluid flow through porous medium feature.When displacement pressure is too small, fluid can't flow, and when exceeding a certain critical value, the fluid in porous medium just can start flowing, and starting pressure is the pressure making fluid in porous medium start when flowing.Gas flow feature in the low permeability gas reservoirs that studies in China is more is also subject to the impact of free-boundary problem.There is free-boundary problem in non linear fluid flow through porous medium, only have the crude oil when pressure gradient is greater than free-boundary problem just can flow, systematic study free-boundary problem is significant for the Efficient Development of low-permeability oil deposit and viscous oil sandstone reservoirs, also for founding mathematical models afterwards provides reliable foundation.
Current Chinese scholars majority is devoted to the true free-boundary problem of rock and the method for measuring of quasi-threshold pressure gradient in non linear fluid flow through porous medium, and constantly improves experimental technique in the past and data processing method.But be through years of researches effort, still there are some problems in the measurement of the true free-boundary problem of rock and the reckoning process of quasi-threshold pressure gradient needs to deepen continuously and studies and solve.Because the size of the true free-boundary problem of rock is relevant with the character of rock, fluid itself, so under rock core and the certain condition of fluid properties, the true free-boundary problem of rock is a steady state value.But in experimentation, the true free-boundary problem value measuring the rock obtained often is subject to the impact of experimental technique, thus causes for same rock core, same fluid, different with the free-boundary problem obtained measured by different experimental techniques.
Determine that the method for free-boundary problem mainly contains indoor physical simulation experiment method, numerical experiment method and well test analysis method three kinds at present.
The free-boundary problem that indoor physical simulation experiment method obtains not is the true free-boundary problem of rock, is often greater than the true free-boundary problem of rock, can not carries out correct description by convection cell.
Although numerical experiment method is simple and efficient, parameter area changes greatly, the method must depend on the throat distribution rule on stratum and certain contrast experiment.
The free-boundary problem value that well test analysis method is determined is greater than the true free-boundary problem of rock, and at the scene the engineering time longer, costly.
Summary of the invention:
In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of measuring method of rock free-boundary problem, the method adopting the special low discharge of setting to set up rock core two ends pressure reduction gradually directly measures the true free-boundary problem of rock, and can verify that the true free-boundary problem of rock is only relevant with the character of fluid with the nature of rock well, have the advantages that measuring process is simple, easy to operate, measuring accuracy is high, economical and practical.
The present invention realizes above-mentioned purpose by following technical solution.
The measuring method of a kind of rock free-boundary problem provided by the present invention, comprises the steps:
(1), reservoir cores to be measured for target is cleaned up, dry after for subsequent use;
(2) gas permeability of reservoir cores to be measured, is measured;
(3), preparation experiment oil sample, removing experiment oil sample in sandstone and other impurity, then carry out dehydration and degassed process, make the water percentage of experiment oil sample be less than 0.5%; Reservoir cores to be measured is vacuumized, makes reservoir cores to be measured saturated experiment oil sample, measure the core porosity of reservoir cores to be measured;
(4), by the reservoir cores to be measured of saturation experiments oil sample leave standstill 24 hours, put into core holding unit, be exhausted, ensure that the endpiece of core holding unit is full of experiment oil sample simultaneously;
(5), the flow of setting high-precision measuring pump is 0.001ml/min, opens the valve of outlet port of rock core holder, mark the position of outlet port of rock core holder experimental oil sample liquid body, and start timing while opening high-precision measuring pump;
(6) situation of movement of outlet port of rock core holder experimental oil sample liquid body, is observed, when liquid starts the moment of movement, record is now positioned at the oil column height value h of the pressure measurement oil column of core holding unit inlet end, measures the free-boundary problem of the reservoir cores to be measured obtained by this oil column height value h under the force value calculated is this flow;
Free-boundary problem computing formula is: P=ρ gh/L
In formula: P: be free-boundary problem, MPa/m;
ρ: be experiment oil sample density, g/cm
3;
G: be acceleration of gravity, m/s
2;
H: be oil column height, mm;
L: be reservoir cores length to be measured, cm;
(7), reservoir cores to be measured is left standstill 8 hours, make the experiment oil sample in rock core fully aging, the flow of high-precision measuring pump is set as 0.002ml/min, 0.003ml/min, 0.004ml/min, 0.005ml/min, 0.008ml/min and 0.010ml/min respectively, measures the free-boundary problem of same reservoir cores under different flow;
(8), the experiment viscosity of oil sample and the permeability of reservoir cores to be measured is changed, repeat aforesaid operations step, obtain the free-boundary problem of the reservoir cores to be measured under the free-boundary problem of the reservoir cores to be measured under different viscosities, different displacement flow and different permeability, different displacement flow.
The present invention has following beneficial effect compared with prior art:
1, the method that the present invention adopts the special low discharge of setting to set up rock core two ends pressure reduction gradually directly measures the true free-boundary problem of rock, more adequately can measure the free-boundary problem of rock.
2, the free-boundary problem of rock is measured by changing displacement flow, can verify that the true free-boundary problem of rock is only relevant with the character of fluid with the nature of rock well, and the selection of flow can affect the accuracy of measurement result, the flowrate optimization measuring free-boundary problem can be found by this invention, and under this flow, measure the true free-boundary problem that the free-boundary problem obtained is rock.
Accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1 is the general structure schematic diagram of measurement mechanism of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is different viscosities, measure the free-boundary problem curve map obtained under different displacement flow.
Fig. 3 is different permeability, measure the free-boundary problem curve map obtained under different displacement flow.
In the drawings: 1. nitrogen cylinder, 2. precision pressure gauge, 3. high-precision measuring pump, 4. oil tank, 5. core holding unit, 6. manual pump, 7. graduated cylinder, 8. constant temperature oven, 9. pressure measurement oil column.
Embodiment:
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the invention will be further described:
Embodiment 1
Study under the condition that permeability and viscosity are certain, the change of displacement flow is on the impact of the free-boundary problem that measurement obtains.
Experiment selects perm-plug method to be 361.97 × 10
-3μm
2natural core, the viscosity of the experiment oil sample of preparation is 81.8559mPa.s, measure the free-boundary problem under different displacement flow by measuring method of the present invention and step, and left standstill 8 hours before changing each displacement flow measurement, allow the experiment oil sample in rock core obtain aging fully.Can find by experiment, under permeability and the certain condition of viscosity, when measuring free-boundary problem, selected displacement flow can have an impact to measurement result, and experimental result is as shown in table 2.When displacement flow is less than or equal to 0.003ml/min, measuring the free-boundary problem obtained can not change with the increase of displacement flow; When displacement flows exceed 0.003ml/min, measuring the free-boundary problem obtained can increase along with the increase of displacement flow.
Embodiment 2
Research, under the condition that permeability is certain, changes different viscosities, and checking displacement flow is on the impact of measuring the free-boundary problem obtained.
Experiment selects perm-plug method in embodiment 1 to be 361.97 × 10 equally
-3μm
2natural core, the viscosity of the experiment oil sample of preparation is 145.7275mPa.s and 198.798mPa.s, the free-boundary problem under different displacement flow is measured by measuring method of the present invention and step, and 8 hours were left standstill before changing each displacement flow measurement, allow the experiment oil sample in rock core obtain aging fully.Can find by experiment, under the condition that permeability is certain, change different viscosities, coming to the same thing of the impact that when measuring free-boundary problem, selected displacement flow produces measurement result and embodiment 1, experimental result is as shown in table 2.When displacement flow is less than or equal to 0.003ml/min, measuring the free-boundary problem obtained can not change with the increase of displacement flow; When displacement flows exceed 0.003ml/min, measuring the free-boundary problem obtained can increase along with the increase of displacement flow.
Embodiment 3
Research, under the condition that viscosity is certain, changes different permeability, and checking displacement flow is on the impact of measuring the free-boundary problem obtained.
Experiment selects perm-plug method to be 500.15 × 10
-3μm
2natural core, the viscosity of the experiment oil sample of preparation is 81.8559mPa.s, measure the free-boundary problem under different displacement flow by measuring method of the present invention and step, and left standstill 8 hours before changing each displacement flow measurement, allow the experiment oil sample in rock core obtain aging fully.Known with the Comparative result of embodiment 1 by embodiment 3, under the condition that viscosity is certain, change different permeability, coming to the same thing of the impact that when measuring free-boundary problem, selected displacement flow produces measurement result and embodiment 1, experimental result is as shown in table 3.When displacement flow is less than or equal to 0.003ml/min, measuring the free-boundary problem obtained can not change with the increase of displacement flow; When displacement flows exceed 0.003ml/min, measuring the free-boundary problem obtained can increase along with the increase of displacement flow.
Table 1 rock core basic parameter
The free-boundary problem (G43-21-20 rock core) obtained is measured under table 2 different viscosities, different displacement flow
The free-boundary problem (viscosity is 81.8559mPa.s) obtained is measured under the different permeability of table 3, different displacement flow
Claims (2)
1. a measuring method for rock free-boundary problem, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1), reservoir cores to be measured for target is cleaned up, dry after for subsequent use;
(2) gas permeability of reservoir cores to be measured, is measured;
(3), preparation experiment oil sample, reservoir cores to be measured is vacuumized, makes reservoir cores to be measured saturated experiment oil sample, measure the core porosity of reservoir cores to be measured;
(4), by the reservoir cores to be measured of saturation experiments oil sample leave standstill 24 hours, put into core holding unit (5), be exhausted, ensure that the endpiece of core holding unit (5) is full of experiment oil sample simultaneously;
(5) flow, setting high-precision measuring pump (3) is 0.001ml/min, the valve of core holding unit (5) endpiece is opened while opening high-precision measuring pump (3), mark the position of core holding unit (5) endpiece experimental oil sample liquid body, and start timing;
(6) situation of movement of core holding unit (5) endpiece experimental oil sample liquid body, is observed, when liquid starts the moment of movement, record is now positioned at the oil column height value h of the pressure measurement oil column (9) of core holding unit (5) inlet end, measures the free-boundary problem of the reservoir cores to be measured obtained by this oil column height value h under the force value calculated is this flow;
Free-boundary problem computing formula is: P=ρ gh/L
In formula: P: be free-boundary problem, MPa/m;
ρ: be experiment oil sample density, g/cm
3;
G: be acceleration of gravity, m/s
2;
H: be oil column height, mm;
L: be reservoir cores length to be measured, cm.
2. the measuring method of a kind of rock free-boundary problem according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described preparation experiment oil sample be removing experiment oil sample in sandstone and other impurity, then carry out dehydration and degassed process, make the water percentage of experiment oil sample be less than 0.5%.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310247301.XA CN104237098A (en) | 2013-06-21 | 2013-06-21 | Method for measuring gradient of rock starting pressure |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310247301.XA CN104237098A (en) | 2013-06-21 | 2013-06-21 | Method for measuring gradient of rock starting pressure |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104237098A true CN104237098A (en) | 2014-12-24 |
Family
ID=52225608
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310247301.XA Pending CN104237098A (en) | 2013-06-21 | 2013-06-21 | Method for measuring gradient of rock starting pressure |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN104237098A (en) |
Cited By (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105319153A (en) * | 2015-02-11 | 2016-02-10 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Measuring method of liquid full pressure gradient-flow relation in low-permeability reservoir |
| CN106124381A (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2016-11-16 | 河南理工大学 | Hypotonic coal seam reservoirs gas free-boundary problem and the on-the-spot test method of permeability |
| CN106324212A (en) * | 2015-06-19 | 2017-01-11 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Quick testing device and method of rock core gas start pressure |
| CN106840993A (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2017-06-13 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | A kind of method and device for determining rock core movable fluid space |
| CN107356364A (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2017-11-17 | 中国石油大学(北京) | The measurement apparatus and method of compact rock core free-boundary problem |
| CN107607451A (en) * | 2017-08-08 | 2018-01-19 | 广州海洋地质调查局 | A kind of gas hydrates rock core flow velocity sensitivity assay method |
| CN107727553A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-02-23 | 中国石油大学(北京) | A kind of viscous crude free-boundary problem and percolation law measurement apparatus and method |
| CN108303362A (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2018-07-20 | 榆林学院 | A kind of portable simulation measures the device and application method of startup pressure |
| CN108507919A (en) * | 2017-02-23 | 2018-09-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Shale full-hole core starts method for testing pressure under a kind of radial flow flow pattern |
| CN109387467A (en) * | 2017-08-07 | 2019-02-26 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | The method for rapidly testing of the comprehensive starting pressure gradient of grease |
| CN109708997A (en) * | 2019-02-21 | 2019-05-03 | 长江大学 | A kind of device and method of detection viscous crude starting pressure |
| CN109870396A (en) * | 2019-03-06 | 2019-06-11 | 中国石油大学(北京) | A kind of method and device obtaining starting pressure gradient |
| CN110619775A (en) * | 2019-09-24 | 2019-12-27 | 西南石油大学 | Gravel compact core saturated oil device and method |
| US10801943B2 (en) | 2017-06-26 | 2020-10-13 | China University Of Petroleum-Beijing | Apparatus and method for measuring apparent permeability of tight rock core |
| CN113791015A (en) * | 2021-09-13 | 2021-12-14 | 重庆科技学院 | Starting pressure gradient testing device and method for polymer solution displacement thickened oil |
| CN116087053A (en) * | 2022-12-15 | 2023-05-09 | 长江大学 | Method for researching influence of thick oil starting pressure gradient on distribution of residual oil |
| CN117607005A (en) * | 2024-01-23 | 2024-02-27 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Method for measuring rock starting pressure gradient |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101968423A (en) * | 2009-07-27 | 2011-02-09 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Low-permeability reservoir bed starting pressure testing method |
-
2013
- 2013-06-21 CN CN201310247301.XA patent/CN104237098A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101968423A (en) * | 2009-07-27 | 2011-02-09 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Low-permeability reservoir bed starting pressure testing method |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| 李爱芬等: "一种测定低渗油藏启动压力的新方法", 《中国石油大学学报(自然科学版)》 * |
| 汪伟英等: "低渗透油藏非线性渗流规律研究", 《新疆石油天然气》 * |
| 石京平 等: "实验测定低渗透储层最小启动压力梯度的应用", 《大庆石油地质与开发》 * |
| 石京平: "低渗透油田油水两相低速非达西渗流规律研究", 《中国博士学位论文全文数据库 工程科技I辑》 * |
Cited By (25)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105319153A (en) * | 2015-02-11 | 2016-02-10 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Measuring method of liquid full pressure gradient-flow relation in low-permeability reservoir |
| CN106324212A (en) * | 2015-06-19 | 2017-01-11 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Quick testing device and method of rock core gas start pressure |
| CN106124381A (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2016-11-16 | 河南理工大学 | Hypotonic coal seam reservoirs gas free-boundary problem and the on-the-spot test method of permeability |
| CN106840993A (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2017-06-13 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | A kind of method and device for determining rock core movable fluid space |
| CN108507919A (en) * | 2017-02-23 | 2018-09-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Shale full-hole core starts method for testing pressure under a kind of radial flow flow pattern |
| CN108507919B (en) * | 2017-02-23 | 2020-06-12 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Shale full-diameter core starting pressure test method under radial flow flowing mode |
| US10801943B2 (en) | 2017-06-26 | 2020-10-13 | China University Of Petroleum-Beijing | Apparatus and method for measuring apparent permeability of tight rock core |
| CN107356364B (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2023-05-16 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Device and method for measuring starting pressure gradient of compact rock core |
| CN107356364A (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2017-11-17 | 中国石油大学(北京) | The measurement apparatus and method of compact rock core free-boundary problem |
| CN109387467A (en) * | 2017-08-07 | 2019-02-26 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | The method for rapidly testing of the comprehensive starting pressure gradient of grease |
| CN109387467B (en) * | 2017-08-07 | 2021-05-14 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Rapid testing method for oil-water comprehensive starting pressure gradient |
| CN107607451A (en) * | 2017-08-08 | 2018-01-19 | 广州海洋地质调查局 | A kind of gas hydrates rock core flow velocity sensitivity assay method |
| CN107727553A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-02-23 | 中国石油大学(北京) | A kind of viscous crude free-boundary problem and percolation law measurement apparatus and method |
| CN107727553B (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2023-09-29 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Device and method for measuring thick oil starting pressure gradient and seepage law |
| CN108303362A (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2018-07-20 | 榆林学院 | A kind of portable simulation measures the device and application method of startup pressure |
| CN109708997B (en) * | 2019-02-21 | 2020-06-26 | 长江大学 | Device and method for detecting starting pressure of thickened oil |
| CN109708997A (en) * | 2019-02-21 | 2019-05-03 | 长江大学 | A kind of device and method of detection viscous crude starting pressure |
| CN109870396A (en) * | 2019-03-06 | 2019-06-11 | 中国石油大学(北京) | A kind of method and device obtaining starting pressure gradient |
| CN110619775A (en) * | 2019-09-24 | 2019-12-27 | 西南石油大学 | Gravel compact core saturated oil device and method |
| CN113791015B (en) * | 2021-09-13 | 2023-08-22 | 重庆科技学院 | Starting pressure gradient testing device and method for polymer solution displacement thick oil |
| CN113791015A (en) * | 2021-09-13 | 2021-12-14 | 重庆科技学院 | Starting pressure gradient testing device and method for polymer solution displacement thickened oil |
| CN116087053A (en) * | 2022-12-15 | 2023-05-09 | 长江大学 | Method for researching influence of thick oil starting pressure gradient on distribution of residual oil |
| CN116087053B (en) * | 2022-12-15 | 2024-05-07 | 长江大学 | Method for researching influence of thick oil starting pressure gradient on distribution of residual oil |
| CN117607005A (en) * | 2024-01-23 | 2024-02-27 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Method for measuring rock starting pressure gradient |
| CN117607005B (en) * | 2024-01-23 | 2024-04-12 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Method for measuring rock starting pressure gradient |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN104237098A (en) | Method for measuring gradient of rock starting pressure | |
| CN106814018B (en) | Device and method for measuring gas-phase relative permeability of tight rock | |
| CN106437637B (en) | High temperature and pressure carbon dioxide flooding super-viscous oil visualizes microcosmos experiment method | |
| CN104568694B (en) | Method for testing gas-water relative permeability of dense core | |
| CN203658217U (en) | Seepage starting pressure gradient test device | |
| CN103278418A (en) | Determination device and method of constraint irreducible water saturation in reservoir rock core | |
| CN103452543B (en) | Make method and the pressure break Horizontal Well pessimistic concurrency control of pressure break Horizontal Well pessimistic concurrency control | |
| CN110907334B (en) | Device and method for measuring radial flow oil-water relative permeability of conglomerate full-diameter core | |
| CN105738252B (en) | The measurement method of the flowable aperture boundary of viscous crude in a kind of crack | |
| CN112730196B (en) | High-temperature high-pressure microscopic visual flowing device and experimental method | |
| CN104101564A (en) | Device and method for testing low-permeability core starting pressure gradient at high temperature and high pressure with unsteady state method | |
| CN104316449A (en) | Experimental method and experimental device for determinating volcanic gas-water relative permeability | |
| CN109883889B (en) | Simulation of CO2Experimental device for compact matrix-crack diffusion and leading edge prediction method | |
| CN203422307U (en) | Quick testing device for permeability of dense rock | |
| CN101967970A (en) | Method for measuring dynamic capillary pressure of core under conditions of reservoir temperature and pressure | |
| CN109339774A (en) | Low permeability deformation non linear fluid flow through porous medium method for numerical simulation based on boundary layer | |
| CN105804726A (en) | Bubble point pressure testing device and method | |
| CN203769767U (en) | Horizontal-well physical simulation experiment device | |
| CN206497006U (en) | A kind of oily saline contacts angle measuring system based on CT scan | |
| CN105319153A (en) | Measuring method of liquid full pressure gradient-flow relation in low-permeability reservoir | |
| CN109254134A (en) | A kind of new method and equipment measuring Rock resistivity Indication of Oil-Gas breakthrough pressure | |
| CN110879196A (en) | Oil-water phase permeability testing method for oil-rich condensate gas reservoir | |
| CN204267017U (en) | A kind of oil-water separation metering device | |
| CN103244115A (en) | Three-dimensional relative permeability simulator | |
| CN113109234B (en) | Low-oil-saturation seepage rule correction method for heavy water nuclear magnetism bound water detection |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20141224 |