CN104198803A - High-temperature superconducting magnet online monitoring system - Google Patents
High-temperature superconducting magnet online monitoring system Download PDFInfo
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- CN104198803A CN104198803A CN201410448697.9A CN201410448697A CN104198803A CN 104198803 A CN104198803 A CN 104198803A CN 201410448697 A CN201410448697 A CN 201410448697A CN 104198803 A CN104198803 A CN 104198803A
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Abstract
A high-temperature superconducting magnet online monitoring system comprises a high-temperature superconducting magnet system, a conduction cooling refrigeration system, a low-temperature Dewar system, a testing device, a digital voltage meter, a carburizing ceramic temperature sensor, a measuring manganin wire, a heat conduction insulating layer, a temperature transmitter, a fiber converter, a fiber, a compression joint copper sheet and low-temperature high vacuum grease, the cooling refrigeration system comprises a refrigerating machine cold head, a copper cold conduction connecting plate and a copper cold conduction framework, the heat conduction insulating layer coats the copper cold conduction framework, the testing device comprises a computer and a current sensor, the middle of the measuring manganin wire is wound on the heat conduction insulating layer, the carburizing ceramic temperature sensor is directly pressed on the surface of a high-temperature superconducting strip, two ends of the carburizing ceramic temperature sensor are directly fixed on the surface of the high-temperature superconducting strip, gaps among the compression joint copper sheet, the carburizing ceramic temperature sensor and the high-temperature superconducting strip are filled with the low-temperature high vacuum grease for assisting in fixing the carburizing ceramic temperature sensor and conducting heat.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of monitoring system of high-temperature superconducting magnet.
Background technology
1911, Dutch physicist Ka Mailinang found superconductor in Nice.Superconductor has the peculiar physical characteristicss such as zero resistance, perfect diamagnetism and quantum tunneling effect, superconductor is found one since it, supraconductivity and application thereof are one of most active research frontiers in contemporary science and technology always, all have important using value at aspects such as the energy, information, traffic, scientific instrument, medical skill, national defence and major scientific projects.
Supraconductivity is first in mercury, to be found by Dutch physicist Onnes for 1911.It refers to that superconductor is in the time that temperature drops to a certain value, the phenomenon that resistance suddenly disappears.This characteristic temperature is defined as critical transition temperature Tc.From then on, physicist and material supply section scholars are carrying out unremitting effort aspect the experiment of supraconductivity and theoretical research.Superconductor has three kinds of fundamental characteristics: zero resistance, diamagnetism and macroscopic quantum characteristic.Before 1986, the highest superconductor of Tc it is found that is Nb
3ge, 23.2K.In April, 1986, Bednorz and Muller found LaBaCuO superconductor, and its Tc exceedes 30K, had found subsequently the YBCO superconductor of Tc higher than 90K, thereby had opened new era of supraconductivity research.
Superconductor is the basis that superconductor technology is able to widespread use, and superconductor is mainly divided into low temperature superconducting material (with NbTi and Nb
3sn is representative) and high temperature superconducting materia (taking YBCO, BSCCO, TBCCO etc. as representative).Effort in decades makes superconductor research and practically all has made great progress.Traditional low temperature superconducting material, particularly with NbTi alloy and Nb
3sn alloy is main low temperature superconducting material, because it has good machining property and supraconductivity, starts the leading position in superconduction market always from the upper actual eighties.Some scientific research engineering projects, as accelerator, thermonuclear fusion heap and proton collider etc. all need a large amount of NbTi and Nb
3sn superconductor; At present, the magnet of medical nmr imaging mostly use be low temperature superconducting material.But because low temperature superconducting material can only be operated in the liquid helium warm area of 4.2K, low temperature environment becomes the bottleneck of superconductor technology large-scale application.
Can be operated in liquid nitrogen temperature (77K), liquefied natural gas (LNG) warm area (113K) even taking YBCO, BSCCO, TBCCO etc. as the high temperature superconducting materia of representative, because the liquid nitrogen temperature extremely abundant and 77K of nitrogen resource exceeds 73 degree than liquid helium temperature, bring the reduction greatly of refrigeration cost, make the heavy industrialization application of superconductor technology become possibility.First generation belt material of high temperature superconduct taking BSCCO belt material of high temperature superconduct as representative has entered the industrialization stage at present, and starts for practical superconducting apparatus and device research and development.Second generation belt material of high temperature superconduct taking YBCO coating conductor as representative, because it is better than first generation BSCCO belt material of high temperature superconduct greatly in High-Field download stream ability, becoming in recent years the study hotspot in superconductor field, the U.S. and Japan have carried out broad scale research plan in succession, drop into a large amount of manpower and materials, also obtained good achievement in research simultaneously.
Superconducting Power Technology is the application technology of utilizing the physical characteristics of the without hindrance high density current capacity of superconductor and superconducting state-normal state phase transformation of superconductor to grow up.Recent two decades comes, and adopts Superconducting Power Technology, at superconductive power transmission, and restrictor, transformer, energy storage, development and the Demonstration Application aspect of the superconducting power devices such as motor have obtained good achievement.Utilize Superconducting Power Technology, not only can obviously improve the quality of electric energy, improve stability and the reliability of Operation of Electric Systems, reduce electric pressure, improve the security of electrical network, make the realization of ultra-large electrical network become possibility, but also can greatly improve the transmission capacity of single-machine capacity and electrical network, and greatly reduce the loss of electrical network.Moreover, can also greatly improve the quality of power supply of regenerative resource by superconducting energy storage, and itself and large electrical network are connect effectively.
In recent years, China has also obtained major progress aspect Superconducting Power Technology, aspect high tc superconducting fault current limiter, successively develop 10.5kV/1.5kA three-phase and improve bridge circuit type, 35kV/90MVA saturable core type and 220kV/800A saturable core type high tc superconducting fault current limiter model machine, and linked network test run; Aspect high-temperature superconductive transformer, first 630kVA of China, 10.5kV/400V three-phase transformer and 300kVA, 25kV/860V single transformer model machine are successively succeeded in developing; And aspect high-temperature superconducting energy storage, successively develop high-temperature superconducting energy storage model machine of 100kJ/25kV, 500kJ/150kVA and 35kJ/7kW etc.And the core component of above these high-temperature superconductor electric devices is exactly high-temperature superconductive magnet system.
Along with the development of high temperature superconductor technology, and the breakthrough of second generation belt material of high temperature superconduct technology of preparing, the high-temperature superconductive magnet system of researching and developing based on second generation belt material of high temperature superconduct is entering the practical new stage, and is with a wide range of applications.And the high-temperature superconducting magnet local overheating of second generation belt material of high temperature superconduct institute coiling is the key factor that possible cause high-temperature superconducting magnet quench or burn, thereby there is the temperature thin spot to high-temperature superconducting magnet inside stressing to monitor, and fast and accurately electric current, voltage on its internal high temperature superconducting tape are monitored, for extremely important the high-temperature superconducting magnet of developing based on second generation belt material of high temperature superconduct.But, under the general all environment in high voltage, high-intensity magnetic field of main composition part belt material of high temperature superconduct of high-temperature superconducting magnet, more difficult for the monitoring rate of temperature, electric current, voltage.Especially for the high-temperature superconducting magnet under conduction cooling condition, not only need it to monitor fast and accurately, and supervisory system itself to ensure can not at will introduce outside heat, and the danger of aggravating potential heat spot, because for second generation belt material of high temperature superconduct, the superconducting layer of band own is very thin, unit length superconducting tape volume is little, thereby thermal capacitance is little, when quench, temperature rise is fast, once temperature overheating, is very easy to blow, thereby causes the quench of whole magnet system and burn.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming of prior art, propose a kind of on-line monitoring system for the high-temperature superconducting magnet under high voltage, high-intensity magnetic field, Conduction At Low Temperature cooling condition of exploitation.The present invention can more accurately and easily carry out the monitoring of temperature on the belt material of high temperature superconduct of the high-temperature superconducting magnet inside under high voltage, high-intensity magnetic field, Conduction At Low Temperature cooling condition, electric current, voltage.
The present invention, for the on-line monitoring system of high-temperature superconducting magnet, comprising:
1) high-temperature superconductive magnet system, described high-temperature superconductive magnet system comprises: belt material of high temperature superconduct, conduction cooling superconducting magnet skeleton, the first current feed and the second current feed; Described belt material of high temperature superconduct is wound on described conduction cooling superconducting magnet skeleton; One end of the first described current feed and first termination of described belt material of high temperature superconduct are connected to each other by welding, and the described other end of the first current feed and the first end of external power supply are connected; Second termination of one end of the second described current feed and described belt material of high temperature superconduct is connected to each other by welding, and the other end of described the second current feed is connected with the second end of external power supply;
2) conduction cooling refrigeration system, described conduction cooling refrigeration system comprises: refrigeration machine cold head, copper conduction cooling terminal pad, the first bronze medal conduction cooling skeleton and the second bronze medal conduction cooling skeleton; Described refrigeration machine cold head is connected with described copper conduction cooling terminal pad; One end of one end of described the first bronze medal conduction cooling skeleton and described the second bronze medal conduction cooling skeleton is connected with described copper conduction cooling terminal pad respectively, and described the first bronze medal conduction cooling skeleton and described the second bronze medal conduction cooling skeleton are all for conducting cooling to described high-temperature superconductive magnet system;
3) cooled cryostat system, described cooled cryostat system comprises: cooled cryostat and cooled cryostat cover plate; Described belt material of high temperature superconduct, conduction cooling superconducting magnet skeleton, refrigeration machine cold head, copper conduction cooling terminal pad, the first bronze medal conduction cooling skeleton and the second bronze medal conduction cooling skeleton is placed in described cooled cryostat; Described cooled cryostat cover plate covers on the opening of described cooled cryostat, forms vacuum seal structure; The first described current feed and the second current feed and one end that described belt material of high temperature superconduct is connected, be positioned at described cooled cryostat, and the other end extends to outside described cooled cryostat by described cooled cryostat cover plate, and is connected with external power supply;
4) proving installation,
Described proving installation comprises:
A) computing machine;
B) current testing device, described current testing device comprises:
Current sensor, described current sensor is enclosed within the periphery of described the first current feed, and described current sensor is for detection of the current value of flowing through on described belt material of high temperature superconduct;
The first digital voltmeter, described the first digital voltmeter is electrically connected with described current sensor by signal wire, and described the first digital voltmeter is for detection of the output voltage signal on described current sensor;
The first optic fiber converter, described the first optic fiber converter is electrically connected with described the first digital voltmeter by signal wire, and described the first optic fiber converter is for changing into light signal by electric signal;
The first optical fiber, one end of described the first optical fiber is connected with described the first optic fiber converter light, and described the first optical fiber is for carrying out the transmission of light signal;
The second optic fiber converter, the other end of described the first optical fiber is connected with described the second optic fiber converter light, described the second optic fiber converter is for being converted into electric signal by light signal again, described computing machine is electrically connected with described the second optic fiber converter by signal wire, for gathering, show, analyze and process transforming the electric signal of coming by described the second optic fiber converter;
C) voltage test device, described voltage test device comprises:
The first voltage measurement manganin wire, on described belt material of high temperature superconduct to the direction away from termination, the pad of distance described belt material of high temperature superconduct the first termination and described the first current feed is three times in the range points of described belt material of high temperature superconduct width, welds one end of described the first voltage measurement manganin wire;
Second voltage measurement manganin wire, on described belt material of high temperature superconduct to the direction away from termination, the pad of distance described belt material of high temperature superconduct the second termination and described the second current feed is three times in the range points of described belt material of high temperature superconduct width, welds described second voltage and measures the one end with manganin wire;
The first heat conductive insulating layer, described the first heat conductive insulating layer is coated in the periphery of described the first bronze medal conduction cooling skeleton, and described the first voltage measurement is measured with manganin wire center section with spiral-shaped being wrapped on described the first heat conductive insulating layer roughly with manganin wire and described second voltage;
The second digital voltmeter, described the first voltage measurement is measured and is used the other end of manganin wire to be electrically connected with described the second digital voltmeter respectively with manganin wire and described second voltage;
The 3rd optic fiber converter, described the 3rd optic fiber converter is electrically connected with described the second digital voltmeter by signal wire, and described the 3rd optic fiber converter is for changing into light signal by electric signal;
The second optical fiber, one end of described the second optical fiber is connected with described the 3rd optic fiber converter light, and described the second optical fiber is for carrying out the transmission of light signal;
The 4th optic fiber converter, the other end of described the second optical fiber is connected with described the 4th optic fiber converter light, described the 4th optic fiber converter is for being converted into electric signal by light signal again, described computing machine is electrically connected with described the 4th optic fiber converter by signal wire, for gathering, show, analyze and process transforming the electric signal of coming by described the 4th optic fiber converter.
Preferably, described proving installation also comprises temperature testing device, and described temperature testing device comprises the surperficial carburizing ceramic temperature sensor that is arranged on described belt material of high temperature superconduct.Complete in described belt material of high temperature superconduct coiling, and install after carburizing ceramic temperature sensor, described conduction cooling superconducting magnet skeleton, described belt material of high temperature superconduct and described carburizing ceramic temperature sensor floods curing with epoxy hardener.
Preferably, described proving installation also comprises:
Temperature survey manganin wire, described temperature survey with one end of manganin wire and the extension line of described carburizing ceramic temperature sensor by being welded to connect;
The second heat conductive insulating layer, described the second heat conductive insulating layer is coated in the periphery of described the second bronze medal conduction cooling skeleton, described temperature survey with the center section of manganin wire with spiral-shaped being wrapped on described the second heat conductive insulating layer roughly;
Temperature transmitter, the other end and the electrical connection of described temperature transmitter of manganin wire for described temperature survey;
The 5th optic fiber converter, described the 5th optic fiber converter is electrically connected with described temperature transmitter by signal wire, and described the 5th optic fiber converter is for changing into light signal by electric signal;
The 3rd optical fiber, one end of described the 3rd optical fiber is connected with described the 5th optic fiber converter light, and described the 3rd optical fiber is for carrying out the transmission of light signal;
Six fibers converter, the other end of described the 3rd optical fiber is connected with described six fibers converter light, described six fibers converter is for being converted into electric signal by light signal again, described computing machine is electrically connected with described six fibers converter by signal wire, for gathering, show, analyze and process transforming the electric signal of coming by described six fibers converter;
Crimping copper sheet, the center section of described crimping copper sheet is directly pressed against described carburizing ceramic temperature sensor the surface of described belt material of high temperature superconduct, the two ends of described crimping copper sheet are fixed directly to the surface of described belt material of high temperature superconduct by welding, in order to described carburizing ceramic temperature sensor is fastened on to the surface of described belt material of high temperature superconduct;
Low-temperature high-vacuum fat, described low-temperature high-vacuum fat is filled in the gap between described crimping copper sheet and described carburizing ceramic temperature sensor and described belt material of high temperature superconduct, fixes described carburizing ceramic temperature sensor and plays conductive force for auxiliary.
Preferably, described the first heat conductive insulating layer and described the second heat conductive insulating layer are made by the potpourri of epoxy resin doped aluminum nitride powder.
Preferably, in described cooled cryostat cover plate, be sealed and installed with the first vacuum transition plug and the second vacuum transition plug, described the first voltage measurement is sealingly clamped to respectively described the first vacuum transition plug with manganin wire and described second voltage measurement manganin wire and by described the first vacuum transition plug and described the second digital voltmeter electrical connection, described temperature survey is sealingly clamped to described the second vacuum transition plug with manganin wire and is electrically connected by described the second vacuum transition plug and described temperature transmitter.
In the present invention, because carburizing ceramic temperature sensor is under 6T and 4.5K condition, thermometric error is less than 1%, so by carburizing ceramic temperature sensor is set, guaranteed the accuracy of the temperature monitoring under strong magnetic field circumstance.By crimping copper sheet is set, and fill low-temperature high-vacuum fat, ensure that carburizing ceramic temperature sensor can fit tightly the surface at belt material of high temperature superconduct, with the consistance of the temperature between the belt material of high temperature superconduct of guaranteeing carburizing ceramic temperature sensor and tested, thus can be more directly, accurately the temperature on the belt material of high temperature superconduct of high-temperature superconducting magnet inside is measured accurately.Measure and be wrapped on the first heat conductive insulating layer by roughly spiral-shaped with manganin wire center section by the first voltage measurement manganin wire and second voltage are set, and temperature survey with the center section of manganin wire with spiral-shaped being wrapped on the second heat conductive insulating layer roughly.This is equivalent to be provided with heat sink on the one hand, described heat sink be the combination of described the first bronze medal conduction cooling skeleton and the first heat conductive insulating layer, and the combination of second bronze medal conduction cooling skeleton and the second heat conductive insulating layer, can promote heat interchange, can prevent on the other hand stressed the breaking that go between.Particularly, for conduction cooling high temperature superconducting magnet, not only must consider the impact of slotted line heat by conduction on measuring accuracy, also to reduce the heat of introducing from outside by slotted line as far as possible, if the heat of introducing from outside is excessive, the overall efficiency that likely causes conduction cooling refrigeration system declines, make high-temperature superconducting magnet can not be cooled to predetermined temperature, also may cause for local thermal conductivity points in addition the local temperature rise of belt material of high temperature superconduct, increase the danger that belt material of high temperature superconduct is blown, so, need to use temperature conductivity low on the one hand, the manganin wire that resistivity is high is used lead-in wire as measuring, on the one hand must be heat sink with arranging on manganin wire in measurement, impel and measure with manganin wire and heat sinkly fully carry out heat interchange, avoid the importing of outside heat, prevent the impact of slotted line heat by conduction.The heat sink upstream extremity that must be placed in conduction cooling path as far as possible away from high-temperature superconducting magnet, ensures that the thermal load conducting on belt material of high temperature superconduct and carburizing ceramic temperature sensor is 0 as far as possible, has guaranteed the temperature under conduction cooler environment, the accuracy of voltage monitoring.Be fixed on described thermal insulation layer with spiral-shaped canoe roughly, increased and measured the margin of safety with manganin wire, can effectively prevent the stressed danger of breaking of the slotted line causing because expanding with heat and contract with cold.By the first heat conductive insulating layer and the second heat conductive insulating layer are set, and their material is all to be made by the potpourri of epoxy resin doped aluminum nitride powder.Aluminium nitride powder is that a kind of thermal conductivity is high, thermal expansivity is little, the stupalith that electrical insulation capability is good, be used in the potpourri that in epoxy resin, doped aluminum nitride powder is made, not only can effectively measurement be exported on copper conduction cooling skeleton with the heat on manganin wire, can also effectively measure with between manganin wire and the first bronze medal conduction cooling skeleton with manganin wire and second voltage the first voltage measurement, and temperature survey is with insulating between manganin wire and the second bronze medal conduction cooling skeleton, to play the effect of high-voltage isolating, the first voltage measurement manganin wire, second voltage measurement manganin wire, temperature survey uses manganin wire and high-temperature superconductive magnet system in high voltage end, the first bronze medal conduction cooling skeleton, the other parts that the second bronze medal conduction cooling skeleton and conduction cooling refrigeration system comprise are all in low-voltage end, by optical fiber and paired optic fiber converter are set, realize the conversion between electric signal and light signal, and by the transmission of light signal, also played the effect of high-voltage isolating, the first optic fiber converter, the 3rd optic fiber converter, the first digital voltmeter of the 5th optic fiber converter and upstream, the second digital voltmeter and temperature transmitter part are high voltage end, the second optic fiber converter, the 4th optic fiber converter, the computing machine in six fibers converter and downstream is in low-voltage end, these structures have been guaranteed the security of the temperature monitoring under high voltage environment.
The present invention is applicable to the on-line monitoring of the high-temperature superconducting magnet under high voltage, high-intensity magnetic field, Conduction At Low Temperature cooling condition.The present invention can be fast, directly, accurately temperature, electric current, voltage on the belt material of high temperature superconduct of the high-temperature superconducting magnet inside under high voltage, high-intensity magnetic field, conduction cooling condition are monitored, and guarantee can not introduce because of the installation of monitoring system outside heat.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the general structure of the on-line monitoring system of a kind of high-temperature superconducting magnet of the present invention, has wherein demonstrated the connection configuring condition of high-temperature superconducting magnet device for detecting temperature, voltage monitor and current monitoring device under high voltage, high-intensity magnetic field, Conduction At Low Temperature cooling condition.
Fig. 2 is the front elevation of superconducting magnet part of the present invention, and the namely enlarged drawing of the high-temperature superconductive magnet system in Fig. 1 has wherein demonstrated the connection between mounting means and current feed, voltage measurement line and the belt material of high temperature superconduct of temperature sensor.
Fig. 3 is the side view of the installation situation of temperature sensor of the present invention, has wherein demonstrated from the side the mounting means of temperature sensor.
Embodiment
Further illustrate detailed description the present invention below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1～Fig. 3 is shown is the on-line monitoring system of high-temperature superconducting magnet of the present invention.
Shown in Fig. 1, on-line monitoring system of the present invention comprises:
1) high-temperature superconductive magnet system 6, described high-temperature superconductive magnet system 6 comprises: belt material of high temperature superconduct 1, conduction cooling superconducting magnet skeleton 2, the first current feed 21 and the second current feed 21 '; Described belt material of high temperature superconduct 1 is wound on described conduction cooling superconducting magnet skeleton 2; One end of the first described current feed 21 and first termination of described belt material of high temperature superconduct 1 are connected to each other by welding, and described first other end of current feed 21 and the first end of external power supply are connected; Second termination of one end of the second described current feed 21 ' and described belt material of high temperature superconduct 1 is connected to each other by welding, and the other end of described the second current feed 21 ' is connected with the second end of external power supply;
Described the first current feed 21 and described the second current feed 21 ' generally adopt large current low-temperature superconductor line, are the known terms in this area, and those of ordinary skill in the art can understand its implication, and it can transmit larger electric current to high-temperature superconducting magnet;
2) conduction cooling refrigeration system, described conduction cooling refrigeration system comprises: refrigeration machine cold head 10, copper conduction cooling terminal pad 9, the first bronze medal conduction cooling skeleton 8 " and the second bronze medal conduction cooling skeleton 8; Described refrigeration machine cold head 10 is connected with described copper conduction cooling terminal pad 9; Described the first bronze medal conduction cooling skeleton 8 " one end and one end of described the second bronze medal conduction cooling skeleton 8 be connected with described copper conduction cooling terminal pad 9 respectively, described the first bronze medal conduction cooling skeleton 8 " and described the second bronze medal conduction cooling skeleton 8 all for conducting cooling to described high-temperature superconductive magnet system 6;
3) cooled cryostat system, as shown in Figure 1, described cooled cryostat system comprises: cooled cryostat 13 and cooled cryostat cover plate 12; Described belt material of high temperature superconduct 1, conduction cooling superconducting magnet skeleton 2, refrigeration machine cold head 10, copper conduction cooling terminal pad 9, the first bronze medal conduction cooling skeleton 8 " and the second bronze medal conduction cooling skeleton 8 be placed in described cooled cryostat 13; Described cooled cryostat cover plate 12 covers on the opening of described cooled cryostat 13, forms vacuum seal structure; One end that the first described current feed 21 is connected with described belt material of high temperature superconduct 1 with the second current feed 21 ', be positioned at described cooled cryostat 13, the other end extends to outside described cooled cryostat 13 by described cooled cryostat cover plate 12, and is connected with external power supply;
4) proving installation,
Described proving installation comprises:
A) computing machine 18, for collection, demonstration, analysis and processing signals; ;
B) current testing device, described current testing device comprises:
Current sensor 22, described current sensor 22 is enclosed within the periphery of described the first current feed 21, described current sensor 22 is for detection of the current value of flowing through on described belt material of high temperature superconduct 1, and described in actual use current sensor 22 is battery-powered or power with insulating power supply;
The first digital voltmeter 23, described the first digital voltmeter 23 is electrically connected with described current sensor 22 by signal wire, described the first digital voltmeter 23 is for detection of the output voltage signal on described current sensor 22, described in actual use the first digital voltmeter 23 is battery-powered or power with insulating power supply, and can be by the method that adds screened room, to ensure the accuracy of test data under high-intensity magnetic field condition;
The first optic fiber converter 15 ', described the first optic fiber converter 15 ' is electrically connected with described the first digital voltmeter 23 by signal wire, described the first optic fiber converter 15 ' is for changing into electric signal light signal, described in actual use the first optical fiber converter 15 ' is also battery-powered or powers with insulating power supply, and can be by the method that adds screened room, to ensure the accuracy of test data under high-intensity magnetic field condition;
The first optical fiber 16 ', one end of described the first optical fiber 16 ' is connected with described the first optic fiber converter 15 ' light, and described the first optical fiber 16 ' is for carrying out the transmission of light signal;
The second optic fiber converter 17 ', the other end of described the first optical fiber 16 ' is connected with described the second optic fiber converter 17 ' light, described the second optic fiber converter 17 ' is for being converted into electric signal by light signal again, the first described optic fiber converter 15 ', the first optical fiber 16 ', the second optic fiber converter 17 ' has been realized the transmission of light signal, played the effect of high-voltage isolating by the transmission of light signal, and because Optical Fiber Transmission is apart from reaching tens kilometers, the second optic fiber converter 17 ' and upstream device can be positioned over to the place away from measured signal by Optical Fiber Transmission, described computing machine 18 is electrically connected with described the second optic fiber converter 17 ' by signal wire, for gathering transforming the electric signal of coming by described the second optic fiber converter 17 ', show, analyze and process,
C) voltage test device, described voltage test device comprises:
The first manganin wire 5 ' for voltage measurement, on described belt material of high temperature superconduct 1, to the direction away from termination, the pad of distance described belt material of high temperature superconduct 1 first termination and described the first current feed 21 is three times in one end that the range points of described belt material of high temperature superconduct 1 width is welded described the first voltage measurement use manganin wire 5 ';
Second voltage is measured with manganin wire 5 "; on described belt material of high temperature superconduct 1 to the direction away from termination, the range points that distance 1 second termination of described belt material of high temperature superconduct and the pad of described the second current feed 21 ' are three times in described belt material of high temperature superconduct 1 width weld described second voltage measure use manganin wire 5 " one end;
The first heat conductive insulating layer 7 "; described the first heat conductive insulating layer 7 " be coated on described the first bronze medal conduction cooling skeleton 8 " and periphery on; for described the first voltage measurement manganin wire 5 ' and described second voltage measure for manganin wire 5 " center section is wrapped in described the first heat conductive insulating layer 7 by roughly spiral-shaped " on; described the first heat conductive insulating layer 7 " be the extraordinary insulation course of heat conductivility, described the first voltage measurement is measured with manganin wire 5 with manganin wire 5 ' and described second voltage " suggestion adopts the structure of multiple twin, in order to reduce the interference of signal;
The second digital voltmeter 24, manganin wire 5 ' and described second voltage are measured with manganin wire 5 for described the first voltage measurement " the other end be electrically connected with described the second digital voltmeter 24 respectively; described in actual use the second digital voltmeter 24 is battery-powered or power with insulating power supply; also can be by the method that adds screened room, to ensure the accuracy of test data under high-intensity magnetic field condition;
The 3rd optic fiber converter 15 "; described the 3rd optic fiber converter 15 " be electrically connected with described the second digital voltmeter 24 by signal wire, described the 3rd optic fiber converter 15 " for electric signal is changed into light signal; described in actual use the 3rd optic fiber converter 15 " be also battery-powered or power with insulating power supply, and can be by the method that adds screened room, to ensure the accuracy of test data under high-intensity magnetic field condition;
The second optical fiber 16 ", described the second optical fiber 16 " one end and described the 3rd optic fiber converter 15 " light is connected, described the second optical fiber 16 " for carrying out the transmission of light signal;
The 4th optic fiber converter 17 ", described the second optical fiber 16 " the other end and described the 4th optic fiber converter 17 " light is connected, described the 4th optic fiber converter 17 " for light signal is converted into electric signal again, the 3rd described optic fiber converter 15 ", the second optical fiber 16 ", the 4th optic fiber converter 17 " realize the transmission of light signal, played the effect of high-voltage isolating by the transmission of light signal, described computing machine 18 is by signal wire and described the 4th optic fiber converter 17 " be electrically connected, for to by described the 4th optic fiber converter 17 " transform the electric signal of coming and gather, show, analyze and process.
D) temperature testing device, described temperature testing device comprises:
Be arranged on the surperficial carburizing ceramic temperature sensor 4 of described belt material of high temperature superconduct 1, complete and install after described carburizing ceramic temperature sensor 4 in described belt material of high temperature superconduct 1 coiling, with epoxy hardener 3 to described conduction cooling superconducting magnet skeleton 2, described belt material of high temperature superconduct 1 and described carburizing ceramic temperature sensor 4 flood solidify, thereby form an entirety, Fig. 1 is the scheme of installation of described carbon ceramics temperature sensor 4, and concrete mounting means is as Fig. 2 and Fig. 3;
Manganin wire 5 for temperature survey, as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, described temperature survey is connected to each other by welding with one end of manganin wire 5 and the extension line of described carburizing ceramic temperature sensor 4, described measurement is 4 with manganin wire 5, be connected with described carburizing ceramic temperature sensor 4 by four leads method, and can select non-double-twisted structure or double-twisted structure, suggestion selects double-twisted structure to reduce the interference of signal, temperature survey described herein is measured with manganin wire 5 with manganin wire 5 and described the first voltage measurement manganin wire 5 ' and described second voltage " respectively can not juxtaposition, Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 are only schematic diagram.；
The second heat conductive insulating layer 7, described the second heat conductive insulating layer 7 is coated in the periphery of described the second bronze medal conduction cooling skeleton 8, described temperature survey is with the center section of manganin wire 5 with spiral-shaped being wrapped on described the second heat conductive insulating layer 7 roughly, and described the second heat conductive insulating layer 7 is the extraordinary insulation courses of heat conductivility;
Temperature transmitter 14, described temperature survey is electrically connected with the other end and the described temperature transmitter 14 of manganin wire 5, described in actual use temperature transmitter 14 is battery-powered or power with insulating power supply, and can be by the method that adds screened room, to ensure the accuracy of test data under high-intensity magnetic field condition;
The 5th optic fiber converter 15, described the 5th optic fiber converter 15 is electrically connected with described temperature transmitter 14 by signal wire, described the 5th optic fiber converter 15 is for changing into light signal by electric signal, described in actual use the 5th optical fiber converter 15 is battery-powered or power with insulating power supply, and can be by the method that adds screened room, to ensure the accuracy of test data under high-intensity magnetic field condition;
The 3rd optical fiber 16, one end of described the 3rd optical fiber 16 is connected with described the 5th optic fiber converter 15 light, and described the 3rd optical fiber 16 is for carrying out the transmission of light signal;
Six fibers converter 17, the other end of described the 3rd optical fiber 16 is connected with described six fibers converter 17 light, described six fibers converter 17 is for being converted into electric signal by light signal again, the 5th described optic fiber converter 15, the 3rd optical fiber 16, six fibers converter 17 has been realized the transmission of light signal, played the effect of high-voltage isolating by the transmission of light signal, described computing machine 18 is electrically connected with described six fibers converter 17 by signal wire, for gathering transforming the electric signal of coming by described six fibers converter 17, show, analyze and process,
Crimping copper sheet 19, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, the center section of described crimping copper sheet 19 is directly pressed against described carburizing ceramic temperature sensor 4 surface of described belt material of high temperature superconduct 1, the two ends of described crimping copper sheet 19 are fixed directly to the surface of described belt material of high temperature superconduct 1 by welding, in order to described carburizing ceramic temperature sensor 4 is fastened on to the surface of described belt material of high temperature superconduct 1;
Low-temperature high-vacuum fat 20, as shown in Figure 3, described low-temperature high-vacuum fat 20 is filled in the gap between described crimping copper sheet 19 and described carburizing ceramic temperature sensor 4 and described belt material of high temperature superconduct 1, fixes described carburizing ceramic temperature sensor 4 and plays conductive force for auxiliary.
The present invention is provided with crimping copper sheet 19, and fill low-temperature high-vacuum fat 20, to make carburizing ceramic temperature sensor 4 fit tightly the surface at belt material of high temperature superconduct 1 in order to ensure, with the consistance of the temperature between the belt material of high temperature superconduct 1 of guaranteeing carburizing ceramic temperature sensor 4 and tested, thus can be directly, accurately the temperature on belt material of high temperature superconduct 1 is measured accurately.
Manganin wire 5 ' and described second voltage are measured with manganin wire 5 for described the first voltage measurement " center section is by roughly spiral-shaped the first heat conductive insulating layer 7 that is wrapped in " go up, and temperature survey with the center section of manganin wire 5 with spiral-shaped being wrapped on the second heat conductive insulating layer 7 roughly.This is equivalent to be provided with heat sink on the one hand, described heat sink be described the first bronze medal conduction cooling skeleton 8 " and the first heat conductive insulating layer 7 " combination, and the combination of second bronze medal conduction cooling skeleton 8 and the second heat conductive insulating layer 7, can promote heat interchange, can prevent on the other hand stressed the breaking that go between.Particularly, for conduction cooling high temperature superconducting magnet, not only must consider the impact of slotted line heat by conduction on measuring accuracy, also to reduce the heat of introducing from outside by slotted line as far as possible, if the heat of introducing from outside is excessive, the overall efficiency that likely causes conduction cooling refrigeration system declines, make high-temperature superconducting magnet can not be cooled to predetermined temperature, also may cause for local thermal conductivity points in addition the local temperature rise of belt material of high temperature superconduct, increase the danger that belt material of high temperature superconduct is blown, so, need to use temperature conductivity low on the one hand, the manganin wire that resistivity is high is used lead-in wire as measuring, on the one hand must be heat sink with arranging on manganin wire in measurement, impel and measure with manganin wire and heat sinkly fully carry out heat interchange, avoid the importing of outside heat, prevent the impact of slotted line heat by conduction.The heat sink upstream extremity that must be placed in conduction cooling path as far as possible away from high-temperature superconducting magnet, ensures that the thermal load conducting on belt material of high temperature superconduct and carburizing ceramic temperature sensor is 0 as far as possible.Be fixed on described the first heat conductive insulating layer 7 with spiral-shaped canoe roughly " and the second heat conductive insulating layer 7 on; increased the first voltage measurement manganin wire 5 ' and second voltage and measured with manganin wire 5 " and the margin of safety of temperature survey manganin wire 5, can effectively prevent the stressed danger of breaking of the slotted line causing because expanding with heat and contract with cold.Described " roughly spiral-shaped " refers to that the first voltage measurement manganin wire 5 ' and second voltage measure with manganin wire 5 " and the extension path of temperature survey manganin wire 5 can be strict spiral-shaped; can be also depart from a little strict spiral-shaped; as long as satisfied measurement does not overlap each other and is wrapped on heat conductive insulating layer with manganin wire, and extend near other one end near one end of heat conductive insulating layer.
Further, described the first heat conductive insulating layer 7 " and described the second heat conductive insulating layer 7 make by the potpourri of epoxy resin doped aluminum nitride powder.Aluminium nitride powder is that a kind of thermal conductivity is high, thermal expansivity is little, the stupalith that electrical insulation capability is good, be used in the potpourri that in epoxy resin, doped aluminum nitride powder is made, not only can be effectively manganin wire 5 ' for the first voltage measurement and second voltage be measured with manganin wire 5 " on heat export to described the first bronze medal conduction cooling skeleton 8 " on, and temperature survey is exported on described the second bronze medal conduction cooling skeleton 8 with the heat on manganin wire 5, can also effectively measure with manganin wire 5 with manganin wire 5 ' and second voltage the first voltage measurement " and the first bronze medal conduction cooling skeleton 8 " between, and temperature survey is with insulating between manganin wire 5 and the second bronze medal conduction cooling skeleton 8, to play the effect of high-voltage isolating, the first described manganin wire 5 ' for voltage measurement, second voltage is measured with manganin wire 5 ", temperature survey uses manganin wire 5 and high-temperature superconductive magnet system 6 in high voltage end, the first bronze medal conduction cooling skeleton 8 ", the other parts that the second bronze medal conduction cooling skeleton 8 and conduction cooling refrigeration system comprise are all in low-voltage end.
As shown in Figure 1, in described cooled cryostat cover plate 12, be sealed and installed with the first vacuum transition plug 11 " and the second vacuum transition plug 11, for described the first voltage measurement manganin wire 5 ' and described second voltage measure for manganin wire 5 " be sealingly clamped to respectively described the first vacuum transition plug 11 " on, and by described the first vacuum transition plug 11 " and described the second digital voltmeter 24 be electrically connected, described temperature survey is sealingly clamped to described the second vacuum transition plug 11 with manganin wire 5 and is electrically connected by described the second vacuum transition plug 11 and described temperature transmitter 14.For described the first voltage measurement manganin wire 5 ' and described second voltage measure for manganin wire 5 " be sealingly clamped to respectively described the first vacuum transition plug 11 " on, and by described the first vacuum transition plug 11 " and described the second digital voltmeter 24 be electrically connected;; in the present invention, described the first voltage measurement is measured with manganin wire 5 with manganin wire 5 ' and described second voltage " one end welded together with the two ends of belt material of high temperature superconduct 1 respectively; And then for described the first voltage measurement, manganin wire 5 ' and described second voltage are measured with manganin wire 5 " ensuing center section lead the first heat conductive insulating layer 7 described in being wrapped in " go up described the first heat conductive insulating layer 7 " be coated in the periphery of described the first bronze medal conduction cooling skeleton (8 "); But, for described the first voltage measurement manganin wire 5 ' and described second voltage measure for manganin wire 5 " be sealingly clamped to respectively described the first vacuum transition plug 11 " on, sealing fixing means herein and be welding or epoxy impregnation and fix, described the first vacuum transition plug 11 " sealing is arranged in described cooled cryostat cover plate 12; Afterwards, for described the first voltage measurement manganin wire 5 ' and described second voltage measure for manganin wire 5 " the other end and described the second digital voltmeter 24 be electrically connected; Described temperature transmitter 14 is electrically connected with the second vacuum transition plug 11, and the temperature test in the present invention can be undertaken by four leads method., in the present invention, described temperature survey is welded together with one end of manganin wire 5 and the extension line of described carburizing ceramic temperature sensor 4, and then described temperature survey is wrapped on described the second heat conductive insulating layer 7 with the ensuing center section of manganin wire 5, described the second heat conductive insulating layer 7 is coated in the periphery of described the second bronze medal conduction cooling skeleton 8, then, described temperature survey is sealingly clamped on described the second vacuum transition plug 11 with manganin wire 5, and sealing fixing means is herein that welding or epoxy impregnation are fixed, and described the second vacuum transition plug 11 is also that sealing is arranged in described cooled cryostat cover plate 12, afterwards, described temperature survey is electrically connected with the other end and the described temperature transmitter 14 of manganin wire 5, described belt material of high temperature superconduct 1, conduction cooling superconducting magnet skeleton 2, carburizing ceramic temperature sensor 4, crimping copper sheet 19, low-temperature high-vacuum fat 20, described refrigeration machine cold head 10, described copper conduction cooling terminal pad 9, described the first heat conductive insulating layer 7 ", described the second heat conductive insulating layer 7, described the first bronze medal conduction cooling skeleton 8 " and described the second bronze medal conduction cooling skeleton 8 be contained in cooled cryostat 13, and described current sensor 22, described the first digital voltmeter 23, described the second digital voltmeter 24, described temperature transmitter 14 and described the first optic fiber converter 15 ', described the first optical fiber 16 ', described the second optic fiber converter 17 ', described the 3rd optic fiber converter 15 ", described the second optical fiber 16 ", described the 4th optic fiber converter 17 ", described the 5th optic fiber converter 15, described the 3rd optical fiber 16, 18, described six fibers converter 17 and described computing machine are positioned at outside described cooled cryostat 13.
Low-temperature high-vacuum fat is the known term in this area, those of ordinary skill in the art can understand its implication, it can pass to the cold of refrigeration system fast superconducting magnet, cryostat, temperature sensor or other needs and obtain fast the system of low temperature, and can play fixation.
Epoxy hardener 3 in the present invention is made up of epoxy resin.
Cooled cryostat is the known term in this area, and those of ordinary skill in the art can understand its implication, and it is the known container in a kind of this area for maintaining low temperature.
Claims (4)
1. an on-line monitoring system for high-temperature superconducting magnet, comprising:
1) high-temperature superconductive magnet system (6), described high-temperature superconductive magnet system (6) comprising: belt material of high temperature superconduct (1), conduction cooling superconducting magnet skeleton (2), the first current feed (21) and the second current feed (21 '); Described belt material of high temperature superconduct (1) is wound on described conduction cooling superconducting magnet skeleton (2); One end of described the first current feed (21) and the first termination of described belt material of high temperature superconduct (1) are by being welded to connect, and the other end of described the first current feed (21) is connected with the first end of external power supply; The second termination of one end of the second described current feed (21 ') and described belt material of high temperature superconduct (1) is by being welded to connect, and the other end of described the second current feed (21 ') is connected with the second end of external power supply;
2) conduction cooling refrigeration system, described conduction cooling refrigeration system comprises: refrigeration machine cold head (10), copper conduction cooling terminal pad (9), the first bronze medal conduction cooling skeleton (8 ") and the second bronze medal conduction cooling skeleton (8); Described refrigeration machine cold head (10) is connected with described copper conduction cooling terminal pad (9); One end of described the first bronze medal conduction cooling skeleton (8 ") and one end of described the second bronze medal conduction cooling skeleton (8) are connected with described copper conduction cooling terminal pad (9) respectively, and described the first bronze medal conduction cooling skeleton (8 ") and described the second bronze medal conduction cooling skeleton (8) are all for conducting cooling to described high-temperature superconductive magnet system (6);
3) cooled cryostat system, described cooled cryostat system comprises: cooled cryostat (13) and cooled cryostat cover plate (12); Described belt material of high temperature superconduct (1), conduction cooling superconducting magnet skeleton (2), refrigeration machine cold head (10), copper conduction cooling terminal pad (9), the first bronze medal conduction cooling skeleton (8 ") and the second bronze medal conduction cooling skeleton (8) are placed in described cooled cryostat (13); Described cooled cryostat cover plate (12) covers on the opening of described cooled cryostat (13), forms vacuum seal structure; One end that described the first current feed (21) is connected with described belt material of high temperature superconduct (1) with the second current feed (21 ') is positioned at described cooled cryostat (13), the other end that described the first current feed (21) is not connected with described belt material of high temperature superconduct (1) with the second current feed (21 ') extends to outside described cooled cryostat (13) by described cooled cryostat cover plate (12), and is connected with external power supply;
4) proving installation;
It is characterized in that, described proving installation comprises:
A) computing machine (18);
B) current testing device, described current testing device comprises:
Current sensor (22), described current sensor (22) is sleeved in the periphery of described the first current feed (21), and described current sensor (22) is for detection of the current value of flowing through on described belt material of high temperature superconduct (1);
The first digital voltmeter (23), described the first digital voltmeter (23) is electrically connected with described current sensor (22) by signal wire, and described the first digital voltmeter (23) is for detection of the output voltage signal on described current sensor (22);
The first optic fiber converter (15 '), described the first optic fiber converter (15 ') is electrically connected with described the first digital voltmeter (23) by signal wire, and described the first optic fiber converter (15 ') is for changing into light signal by electric signal;
The first optical fiber (16 '), one end of described the first optical fiber (16 ') is connected with described the first optic fiber converter (15 ') light, and described the first optical fiber (16 ') is for carrying out the transmission of light signal;
The second optic fiber converter (17 '), the other end of described the first optical fiber (16 ') is connected with described the second optic fiber converter (17 ') light, described the second optic fiber converter (17 ') is for being converted into electric signal by light signal again, described computing machine (18) is electrically connected with described the second optic fiber converter (17 ') by signal wire, for gathering, show, analyze and process transforming the electric signal of coming by described the second optic fiber converter (17 ');
C) voltage test device, described voltage test device comprises:
The first manganin wire for voltage measurement (5 '), upper to the direction away from termination at described belt material of high temperature superconduct (1), the pad of distance described belt material of high temperature superconduct (1) first termination and described the first current feed (21) is three times in the range points of described belt material of high temperature superconduct (1) width, the one end of welding the described first manganin wire for voltage measurement (5 ');
Second voltage is measured with manganin wire (5 "); upper to the direction away from termination at described belt material of high temperature superconduct (1); distance (1) second termination of described belt material of high temperature superconduct and the pad of described the second current feed (21 ') are three times in the range points of described belt material of high temperature superconduct (1) width, welds described second voltage and measures one end of using manganin wire (5 ");
The first heat conductive insulating layer (7 "); described the first heat conductive insulating layer (7 ") is coated in the periphery of described the first bronze medal conduction cooling skeleton (8 "), the described first manganin wire for voltage measurement (5 ') and described second voltage measure for manganin wire (5 ") center section with spiral-shaped being wrapped on described the first heat conductive insulating layer (7 ") roughly;
The second digital voltmeter (24), the described first manganin wire for voltage measurement (5 ') and described second voltage are measured and are electrically connected with described the second digital voltmeter (24) respectively with the other end of manganin wire (5 ");
The 3rd optic fiber converter (15 "); described the 3rd optic fiber converter (15 ") be electrically connected with described the second digital voltmeter (24) by signal wire, described the 3rd optic fiber converter (15 ") for electric signal is changed into light signal;
The second optical fiber (16 "), one end of described the second optical fiber (16 ") and described the 3rd optic fiber converter (15 ") light is connected, described the second optical fiber (16 ") for carrying out the transmission of light signal;
The 4th optic fiber converter (17 "); the other end of described the second optical fiber (16 ") and described the 4th optic fiber converter (17 ") light is connected; and described the 4th optic fiber converter (17 ") for light signal is converted into electric signal again, described computing machine (18) is electrically connected by signal wire and described the 4th optic fiber converter (17 "), for the electric signal being come by described the 4th optic fiber converter (17 ") conversion is gathered, shows, analyzed and processes.
2. the on-line monitoring system of a kind of high-temperature superconducting magnet according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
Described proving installation also comprises temperature testing device,
Described temperature testing device comprises:
Be arranged on the surperficial carburizing ceramic temperature sensor (4) of described belt material of high temperature superconduct (1), after described belt material of high temperature superconduct (1) the complete and described carburizing ceramic temperature sensor of coiling (4) is installed, described conduction cooling superconducting magnet skeleton (2), described belt material of high temperature superconduct (1) and described carburizing ceramic temperature sensor (4) are flooded curing with epoxy hardener (3);
Manganin wire for temperature survey (5), described for temperature survey one end of manganin wire (5) and the extension line of described carburizing ceramic temperature sensor (4) be connected to each other by welding;
The second heat conductive insulating layer (7), described the second heat conductive insulating layer (7) is coated in the periphery of described the second bronze medal conduction cooling skeleton (8), described for temperature survey the center section of manganin wire (5) with spiral-shaped being wrapped on described the second heat conductive insulating layer (7) roughly;
Temperature transmitter (14), the described other end of manganin wire (5) and described temperature transmitter (14) electrical connection for temperature survey;
The 5th optic fiber converter (15), described the 5th optic fiber converter (15) is electrically connected with described temperature transmitter (14) by signal wire, and described the 5th optic fiber converter (15) is for changing into light signal by electric signal;
The 3rd optical fiber (16), one end of described the 3rd optical fiber (16) is connected with described the 5th optic fiber converter (15) light, and described the 3rd optical fiber (16) is for carrying out the transmission of light signal;
Six fibers converter (17), the other end of described the 3rd optical fiber (16) is connected with described six fibers converter (17) light, described six fibers converter (17) is for being converted into electric signal by light signal again, described computing machine (18) is electrically connected with described six fibers converter (17) by signal wire, for gathering, show, analyze and process transforming the electric signal of coming by described six fibers converter (17);
Crimping copper sheet (19), the center section of described crimping copper sheet (19) is directly pressed against described carburizing ceramic temperature sensor (4) surface of described belt material of high temperature superconduct (1), the two ends of described crimping copper sheet (19) are by welding the surface that is directly fixed on described belt material of high temperature superconduct (1), in order to described carburizing ceramic temperature sensor (4) is fastened on to the surface of described belt material of high temperature superconduct (1);
Low-temperature high-vacuum fat (20), described low-temperature high-vacuum fat (20) is filled in the gap between described crimping copper sheet (19) and described carburizing ceramic temperature sensor (4) and described belt material of high temperature superconduct (1), for auxiliary fixing described carburizing ceramic temperature sensor (4), and play conductive force.
3. the on-line monitoring system of a kind of high-temperature superconducting magnet according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, described the first heat conductive insulating layer (7 ") and described the second heat conductive insulating layer (7) are made by the potpourri of epoxy resin doped aluminum nitride powder.
4. the on-line monitoring system of a kind of high-temperature superconducting magnet according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, in described cooled cryostat cover plate (12), be sealed and installed with the first vacuum transition plug (11 ") and the second vacuum transition plug (11), the described first manganin wire for voltage measurement (5 ') and described second voltage measure for manganin wire (5 ") be sealingly clamped to respectively on described the first vacuum transition plug (11 "), and be electrically connected by described the first vacuum transition plug (11 ") and described the second digital voltmeter (24), described for temperature survey manganin wire (5) be sealingly clamped on described the second vacuum transition plug (11), and by described the second vacuum transition plug (11) and described temperature transmitter (14) electrical connection.
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