CN104194857A

CN104194857A - A biomass raw material processing method and a system thereof

Info

Publication number: CN104194857A
Application number: CN201310095715.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 穆罕默德.拉克米尔
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2013-03-22
Filing date: 2013-03-22
Publication date: 2014-12-10
Anticipated expiration: 2033-03-22
Also published as: CN104194857B

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of biomass and particularly relates to a biomass raw material processing method and a system thereof. The system smashes biomass into small particles by utilization of grinding elements and cutting elements. The biomass particles move upward along with rising swirling gas flow. The biomass particles with a small size are separated from water molecules and are discharged from a main chamber through different outlets, and the biomass particles with a large size fall to the grinding elements and the cutting elements and are cut and ground again. According to the system and the method, biomass grinding and drying are performed synchronously, and the biomass raw material is converted into dry and fine powder.

Description

Biomass material treatment process and system thereof

To the cross reference of related application

The application requires the right of priority of the U.S. Provisional Application 61/614,576 of submitting on March 23rd, 2012,, by reference it is herein incorporated in full above-mentioned U.S. Provisional Application for all objects.

Technical field

The present invention relates to biomass field, have more and say, the present invention is about a kind of method and system thereof of biomass material processing.

Background technology

Biological material is used to provide heat energy more and more, is processed into biological plastics and other reproducible biological products.For example, some houses, mechanism and Industrial buildings have been designed or have transform as and heated and/or use in the course of processing with biological particles proxy mineral fuel.In general, much equipment, as dryer, boiler and smelting furnace, all successively from using mineral fuel to change into use biomass fuel.In addition, the development of up-to-date forest industry shows, the derivative of timber, and as nanocrystal cellulose, alternative plastics, required petrochemical material chemicals in the products productions such as weaving.

The biological material that above-mentioned application is used, comes from the Waste recovery of some industries conventionally, comprises extraction and the conversion of timber and agricultural-food.Biomass material under virgin state contains higher moisture and larger particle volume, is difficult to directly use in modern biomass application.

In some cases, use old-fashioned and traditional method, for example mobile grate in main equipment or fluidization, can make biomass material byproduct directly be used for heating.But this way can cause serious energy waste, and the fume emission of high density needs supporting more complicated exhaust system.

In order to remove these restrictions, biomass material processing is arisen at the historic moment.It is 10% or still less that biomass material is dried to water content, and corresponding different application is ground to several microns of particles to several mm sizes.

Conventionally, biomass processes industry relies on shredder and the above-mentioned treating processes of rotary drier combination execution.This processing mode is problematic, comes to heat to biomass material because dehumidification system is the burner that depends on some dried biomass of burning, and therefore, emission control systems has become a necessary additional configurations.In addition, cannot avoid having produced rotary drier and necessary subsystem are installed, and build large-sized workshop to hold the cost of whole system.

In general, all types of drying machines (comprising rotary drier, flash tube dryer etc.) need in heat-processed: 1) utilize the dried biomass finished product of part as burner fuel, biomass material is heated; 2) emission control systems is processed flue gas; With 3) certain capital contribution, this is not economic capital contribution for middle-size and small-size factory.

Moreover the dry and grinding technique of existing biomass shows unstable in treating processes, Energy efficiency is low and/or water separation capability is limited.Particularly, these technology are often from kiln exhaust vapour and warm air, and heat energy just scatters and disappears and slatterns with this form.

The saturated air in kiln is reclaimed in some technology circulations, has in fact limited their water separation capability to biomass material.In the time that the air of circulation recovery reaches moisture-saturated, just cannot absorb more moisture.These technology operate at low temperatures, and the water of condensation of generation causes the biomass of thickness to accumulate in kiln and monomer cyclonic separator.

Process biomass material so need an effective means and system.

Summary of the invention

For existing biomass dry and grinding technique in treating processes, show unstable, the problem that Energy efficiency is low and/or water separation capability is limited, one aspect of the present invention provides a kind of biomass material treatment system.

Described biomass material treatment system comprises:

A main chamber, described main chamber comprises: bottom, main chamber, be used for receiving biomass, bottom, described main chamber comprises grinding element, cutting element and an air input element, and the air-flow that the air-flow that described air input element input air forms and described cutting element rotate to form produces a rising whirlpool in bottom, described main chamber; Top, main chamber, top, described main chamber comprises a subregion being made up of inner cavity chamber, outer chamber, and inner cavity chamber is in outer chamber and coaxial with outer chamber, and described outer chamber comprises the first outlet, and described inner cavity chamber comprises the second outlet; Flange, for connecting described inner cavity chamber, outer chamber by bottom, described main chamber;

Airflow circulation subsystem, described airflow circulation subsystem comprises: the air input element of main chamber, from the input air of bottom, main chamber, be connected to first venting port of described the first outlet, be connected to second venting port of described the second outlet; First venting port is discharged water smoke and air in described outer chamber, and second venting port is from exhausted air and biological particles in described inner cavity chamber;

At flange connections, from described rising whirlpool, stream of water molecule is to the first outlet of outer chamber, and biological particles flows to inner chamber, and lighter biological particles is discharged from the second exit of inner cavity chamber.

In the time that biomass material is fallen bottom, main chamber, be repeatedly polished element, cutting element cuts into biological particles.Wherein the tiny biological particles whirlpool that risen promotes to move up, and fall back grinding element, cutting element of heavier biological particles continues dehydration/pulverizing.When biomass material is ground into small-particle, water molecules wherein can be discharged in air, thereby reduces the water content of biomass.Part surface water along with wet air, and is discharged main chamber by first venting port, second venting port with atomised form.

For the water molecules in separating biomass particle in the main chamber of above-mentioned biomass material treatment system, the present invention provides a kind of biomass material treatment process on the other hand, this biomass material treatment process comprises: by air-flow and centrifugal force combination, optionally water molecules is led main chamber first outlet, according to the weight of biological particles, by they guiding main chamber second outlet.

Due to the density ratio of particle water dry/meticulous biological particles is high, and the reactive force of centrifugal force and the weight of particle are directly proportional, the center of the more approaching main chamber of the speed ratio particle water of be dried/meticulous biological particles, the rotation of particle water more approaches the sidewall of main chamber.Ring-type isolated area in main chamber is isolated water molecules grain flow and biological particles stream pass through the first outlet and discharge main chamber, and biological particles stream will be pumped to inner cavity chamber, and discharges main chamber from the second outlet.

Biomass are ground for described biomass material treatment system and method and drying operation is synchronously carried out, and biomass material is changed into dry, meticulous powder, contribute to promote the application that Wood Adhesives from Biomass is the energy, reach raising processing efficiency, reduce gross investment, reduce the object of operation and maintenance cost.

Brief description of the drawings

When considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, by reference to detailed description below, these and other feature of the present invention, advantage will become better understood, wherein:

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of biomass material treatment system the first embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of biomass material treatment system the second embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the structural representation that preheats unit in Fig. 2.

Embodiment

Be described in detail below in conjunction with 1 to 3 pair of biomass material treatment system of the present invention of accompanying drawing and method.

Figure 1 shows that biomass material treatment system the first embodiment of the present invention.Biomass material is stored in feed hopper 2, by such as worm conveyor of transfer roller 1() enter biomass material treatment system.The star-shaped feeding machine 18 of feed hopper 2 bottoms is discharged at biomass material in transfer roller 1, and then by biomass, especially the biomass of bulk are delivered to 3 bottoms, main chamber.

Lower part of main chamber 3 has been installed a Z-axis, and blade 5 and chain 6 are connected on this axle.Utilize the energy transmission system 4(that belt pulley forms to add a motor (M) as a compound belt transmission (B)), main shaft can and drive chain 6 and blade 5 reaches required speed with the high speed rotating higher than 1200rpm, under the grinding of chain 6 and the cutting action of blade 5, bulk biomass material size significantly reduces.Use vsm just can realize the control to speed.

In the time that biomass material is fallen the bottom of main chamber 3, repeatedly become tiny biological particles by chain 6 with blade 5 grinding and cutting.The air-flow producing due to blade 5 promotes, the suction that gas blower 7 produces in 3 bottoms, main chamber, and the negative pressure that produces of air exhauster 11, and these tiny biological particles move up.In the time that biomass material is ground into small-particle, water molecules wherein can be discharged in air, thereby reduces the water content of biomass.Part surface water is deflated blower fan 11 with atomised form and detaches system.

In main chamber 3, there is an inner cylinder 16, coaxial and concentrate on top, main chamber with out cylinder 17, form a ring-type sealing coat.

In the time that biological particles and water molecules rise from 3 bottoms, main chamber, the tangential air that inputted by gas blower 7 promotes, and carries out spiral circumferential motion.

Flange 21 connects top, main chamber, bottom, main chamber.Flange 21 is annular flange, and hole is opened at center, is connected main chamber 3 and inner cylinder 16, allows biological particles arrive inner cylinder 16 from bottom, main chamber by flange 21; Equally, flange periphery have several little perforation connect main chambers 3 and out cylinder 17 allow water molecules from bottom by and arrive region between out cylinder 17 and inner cylinder 16.By the ring-type sealing coat in main chamber 3, flange 21 is guided water molecules grain flow into outer cylinder 17 and air exhauster 11, and tiny biological particles stream is guided into inner cylinder 16.

Above-mentioned main chamber 3 is cylindrical structure, but all hollow rotatoies, as hollow hexagonal column structure is also suitable for.

The shape of main chamber 3 can be utilized the moisture in centrifugal force separate biological particles.Due to the density ratio of particle water dry/meticulous biological particles is high, and the reactive force of centrifugal force and the weight of particle are directly proportional, the center of the more approaching main chamber 3 of the speed ratio particle water of dry/meticulous biological particles, the rotation of particle water more approaches the sidewall of main chamber 3.Ring-type sealing coat in main chamber 3 is the isolation of water molecules grain flow and biological particles stream, and water molecules grain flow discharges main chamber 3 by air exhauster 11, and biological particles stream will be pumped to inner cylinder 16.

In the time that biological particles arrives the flange 21 of 3 inside, main chamber, they can be by the ingress of the central through hole suction inner cylinder 16 of flange 21.Because biological particles rotates around the center of circle with identical circular frequency, centrifugal force and on revolve under the effect of air, act on centrifugal force on the biological particles of inner cylinder 16 inside less than acting on centrifugal force around inner cylinder 16 walls.Therefore, heavier biological particles trends towards hitting inner cylinder 16 inwalls, the bottom by flange 21 central through hole landings to main chamber 3, again carry out above-mentioned grinding at that, cutting and dehydration operation, until they are enough light, can be transferred air and be pushed into the top of inner cylinder 16.

At inner cylinder 16 tops, a screening washer 8 is housed.Screening washer 8 can be classified according to biological particles volume size: only have enough little particle just can pass through screening washer 8, remaining particle can send back to 3 bottoms, main chamber by the central through hole of flange 21 to be processed again.

Therefore,, by the positive action of inner cylinder 16 and screening washer 8, only have water content enough few, and the enough little biological particles of size is sent main chamber 3 under the effect of air-flow.Leave behind main chamber, carry airflow and biological particles to be transported to multi-cyclone 9.Inside, biological particles with carry air separation out and be collected together, finally discharge by the blocking valve 15 of cyclonic separator 9 bottoms.

The air themperature of discharging in view of system is higher than envrionment temperature, and energy can be recycled by collecting the conveying air that discharge from multi-cyclone 9.In order to realize this object, can use gas blower 7 to bleed from multi-cyclone 9 tops, carrying air to send 3 bottoms, main chamber back to.Meanwhile, the air that adds the ambient air (seeing ambient air gas blower 13) of preheating externally to discharge to compensate air exhauster.

In main chamber 3, in the time that water vapor arrival out cylinder 17 tops first export, can be deflated blower fan 11 extractions and send heat exchanger 10 to.Due to discharge gas flow temperature higher than envrionment temperature, by exchange exhausted air heat energy to compensation ambient air in, the main energy waste of system is able to recycling.This mechanism can also prevent from introducing saturated air in main chamber 3, contributes to thus the water separation capability of the air that improves injected system.

Ambient air is delivered in heat exchanger 10 by gas blower 13, absorbs the heat energy that exhausted air/fog (air of carrying from gas blower 11) transmits.Make-up air after preheating is inputted before main chamber 3 with reclaiming air mixed, also will, through an electric heating tube 12, all reach preset value to control its temperature and humidity.In addition, also can use heat pump to increase the temperature of make-up air.In addition,, when feasible, it also can inject every outer thermal source 20 in electric heating tube 12.Electric heating tube 12 is only in the just action during lower than temperature in main chamber 3 of make-up air temperature, and in general, the air themperature that enters 3 bottoms, main chamber is about 50 to 70 DEG C, for example, 70 DEG C time, for efficient moisture absorption.

Make-up air after heating and reclaim air mixed laggard enter main chamber 3.Make-up air after heating and reclaim after air mixed tangentially direction and downward angle enters main chamber 3, is easy to produce a vortex in 3 bottoms, main chamber.The temperature of the make-up air after heating and recovery air is higher, is conducive to the dry and lock out operation of system.Enter the controlled system control of hot gas flow of system, to guarantee that this intrasystem temperature remains in specific operation scope, conventionally between 50 DEG C to 70 DEG C.Because the temperature in main chamber 3 remains on below the boiling point of water, biomass are mainly liquid phase state in drying process, export and drain from main chamber 3 to second of out cylinder 17 tops with mist form.

When exhaust fan 11 moves, in a negative pressure of main chamber's 3 inner formation, allow biomass surface water molecule evaporate required heat energy thereby reduced, help the moisture being released in biological particles.

For guaranteeing that system effective operation need to design a set of Controlling System.This Controlling System is used for controlling the temperature that enters the recovery/make-up air in main chamber 3, and makes the operating pressure in main chamber need maintain negative pressure state.

Between heat exchanger 10 and electric heating tube 12, can fill a temperature sensor and monitor the make-up air temperature in heat exchanger 10 outlet positions.Another temperature sensor can be monitored the temperature in main chamber 3.When the temperature of measuring when make-up air sensor is starkly lower than the temperature of main chamber's sensor, electric heating tube 12 can be activated, otherwise electric heating tube 12 keeps closing condition.

Measure the pressure in main chamber 3, can be directly connected on air exhauster 11 with a pressure transmitter.If the hypertonia in main chamber 3, air exhauster 11 Accelerating runnings, until the pressure in main chamber 3 is got back to its preset level.

Too high when the water content of biomass, as 50% of water content overweight, as the mud of sewage work, its water content reaches as high as 80%, and biomass are viscosity.In order to process the too high biomass of water content, on the basis of the biomass material treatment system shown in Fig. 1, add a preheating unit 100, and connect both transfer mechanisms 300, form the second embodiment of biomass material treatment system of the present invention, as shown in Figure 2.

Preheating unit 100 as shown in Figure 3, biomass, by being positioned at the hopper 104 at kiln 108 tops, enter predrying unit 100.Be positioned at the blocking valve 112 of hopper 104 belows, by transducer drive, can control the biomass flow that enters kiln 108.In the time that blocking valve 112 is opened, biomass fall on the travelling belt in kiln 108.A series of speed change transfer roller 116a, 116b, 116c are with arranged in series.Guide plate 120 is positioned on the inwall of kiln 108, guarantees that biomass drop on transfer roller 116a, and 116b and 116c are upper, instead of on they sides.Infrared heater 124, as halogen heating unit, is arranged on defeated machine 116a, and 116b and 116c top, to biomass radiation heating, reduce biomass water content.The length of infrared heater 124 and quantity, and defeated machine 116a, the selection of the transfer rate of 116b and 116c, taking the moisture that reduces to greatest extent biomass as prerequisite, is depended on character and the water content of biomass.

By controlling the running of infrared heater 124, the temperature of monitoring bio matter and kiln 108, to guarantee that temperature can be not too high and damage transfer roller 116a, 116b and 116c.

Steam or mist in kiln 108 interior generations are extracted into venting port 138 places by a vacuum fan 128 that is contained in kiln 108 tops.Vacuum fan 128 can be a vacuum exhaust blower, for setting up a vacuum environment, in the interior formation negative pressure of kiln 108.In the formation negative pressure of kiln 108, can reduce for biomass moisture and separate required heat energy.Its principle is when sea level elevation is higher than sea level altitude, under barometric point effect, and the boiling point lowering of water.Therefore, forming negative pressure at kiln 108 can make the moisture velocity of evaporation in kiln 108 accelerate.Moreover negative pressure is accelerated moisture and is drained from biomass; The air of discharging from kiln 108 forms an aqueous vapor and transports passage, and the aqueous vapor that is attached to biomass is discharged outside kiln 108.

The outlet of vacuum blower 128 can be connected to an interchange cyclone 132, will before discharge venting port 138, be sent back in kiln 108 by the biological particles of air-flow sucking-off kiln 108.In kiln 108, the air of sucking-off discharges from the venting port 138 of dehumidification system 100, and described venting port 138 can be connected with the blast inlet of air exhauster 11.

If there is more ground space to utilize, one long, and straight delivery system can replace as shown in Figure 3 by speed change transfer roller 116a, the intensive supply unit being interspersed that 116b and 116c form.

The quantity of infrared heater 124, transfer roller 116a, the length of the conveying belt of 116b and 116c and transfer rate, depend on that biomass enter state before dehumidification system 100 and the state at outlet 142 places, and the treatment system that above-mentioned combination Fig. 1 sets forth requires the biomass state of input.

This invention system can be processed into dry meticulous powder biomass material, has recycled the heat energy that the overwhelming majority is taken away by exhaust vapour and warm air simultaneously.

Biomass can derive from timber, as the waste material of forest industry or byproduct, or derive from other industry, as agricultural and animal waste, or paper pulp, paper and sewage disposal mud.If necessary, or as the precautionary measures, biomass material can clip to several inches of sizes before the system of entering.

In modern biomass application, the powdered biomass purposes of finished product is very extensive, comprises general production wood pellet, wooden unit and biofuel; Powdered biomass can be by being used powder burner or pyrolytic process to produce heat energy, also can be used for producing nanocrystal cellulose, methanation process etc.

Briefly, this system provides mechanical energy to biomass material by electric motor band rotor blade 5 and chain 6 rotations, and blade 5 forms one internal gas flow as inner blower fan simultaneously.The airflow function that formed by internal system, light biological particles is with air motion, and heavier biological particles fall back blade 5 and chain 6 positions continuation dehydration/crushing process.In addition, part is discharged heat energy contained in the air of system and is recycled in system by heat exchange principle, avoids moisture again to enter system.Moreover, optimize the water-retaining capacity of main chamber 3.

The design of exhaust system meets the condition that forms vacuum, i.e. interior generation one negative pressure in main chamber 3, and the air-flow of discharge, except providing the operating temperature in main chamber 3, also impels moisture evaporation, thus the water separation capability of enhanced system.

In general, treating processes comprises the bottom that biomass material is transported to system main chamber 3, by the repeated action of blade 5 and chain 6, biomass material is smashed; One xeothermic air-flow that carrys out automatic heat-exchanger will tangentially enter system simultaneously; Under the effect of centrifugal force, water molecules, light biological particles is separated one by one with heavy biological particles; Excessive biological particles is isolated by circular granular selecting arrangement, and we are referred to as screening washer; Use the effective separating biomass particle of multi-cyclone 9 and carry air; Circulation is reclaimed and is carried air again to send into system; The thermal energy exchange of exhaust being taken away by heat exchanger 10 becomes make-up air in ambient air; In electric heating tube 12, to make-up air second-heating, then make-up air is sent into system.

Wood Adhesives from Biomass is become dry, meticulous powder by described method and system, contributes to promote the application that Wood Adhesives from Biomass is the energy, reaches raising processing efficiency, reduces gross investment, reduces the object of operation and maintenance cost.

Described method and system synchronously carries out the operation of grinding and dried biomass raw material, obtains dry/fine powder with efficient way.Present method and system, with dealing with biomass material, reach energy-conservation and object high-efficiency dehydration simultaneously.People can find and appreciate this method and system advantage gradually, because it can allow terminal user process biomass in more economical mode, eliminate the required extras of thermal process, allow modern biomass use more wide more economical.

The above embodiment has only expressed part embodiment of the present invention, and it describes comparatively concrete and detailed, but can not therefore be interpreted as the restriction to the scope of the claims of the present invention.It should be pointed out that for the person of ordinary skill of the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, can also make some distortion and improvement, these all belong to protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, the protection domain of patent of the present invention should be as the criterion with claims.

Claims

1. a biomass material treatment system, is characterized in that, comprises

At flange connections, from described rising whirlpool, stream of water molecule is to the first outlet of outer chamber, and biological particles flows to inner cavity chamber, and the little biological particles of quality is discharged from the second exit of inner cavity chamber.

2. biomass material treatment system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: also comprise that one is positioned at inner cavity chamber top and is positioned at the screening washer before described the second outlet.

3. biomass material treatment system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprises at least one following assembly: 1) absorb from the heat exchanger of the heat of first row gas port exhausted air; 2) by the biological particles of discharging from described second row gas port and the multi-cyclone of air separation; 3) thermal source of the air of heating input main chamber.

4. according to the biomass material treatment system described in claim 1 or 3, it is characterized in that, the input air source of described main chamber at least comprises following one: the ambient air that 1) absorbs the heat of first row gas port exhausted air; 2) air of discharging and reclaiming from second row gas port; 3) ambient air that utilizes external heat source to heat.

5. biomass material treatment system according to claim 4, is characterized in that: the temperature of the air of described input main chamber is 50 DEG C～70 DEG C.

6. biomass material treatment system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described grinding element and cutting element rotating speed are more than or equal to 1200 rpms.

7. biomass material treatment system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described main chamber, be provided with a temperature regulator, main room temp is maintained below water boiling point.

8. biomass material treatment system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: also comprise a predrying unit, for the treatment of the biomass that enter before described main chamber; Described predrying unit comprises a kiln, a travelling belt that receives biomass and be positioned at kiln, for biology provides the heating unit of heat, drain the venting port of fog in kiln and/or water vapor for one, and a kind of outlet of exporting predrying artifact matter.

9. biomass material treatment system according to claim 8, is characterized in that: when described kiln work, maintain negative pressure.

10. biomass material treatment system according to claim 8, is characterized in that: described venting port connects described first row gas port.

11. biomass material treatment systems according to claim 8, is characterized in that: described predrying unit also comprises the vacuum blower that makes to produce in kiln negative pressure.

12. biomass material treatment systems according to claim 8, is characterized in that: described predrying unit also comprises the cyclonic separator being connected with venting port, and kiln is separated and sent back to described cyclonic separator the biomass of carrying in exhausted air.

13. 1 kinds are utilized the biological raw material treatment process of the biomass material treatment system described in claim 1 to 12 any one, it is characterized in that: by air-flow and centrifugal force combination, optionally water molecules is led main chamber first outlet, according to the weight of biological particles, by they guiding main chamber second outlet.

14. biomass material treatment processs according to claim 13, is characterized in that: described biomass material treatment system is in the time of work, and maintaining in main chamber is negative pressure, and main room temp is lower than water boiling point.

15. biomass material treatment processs according to claim 13, is characterized in that: at least one reclaims air from 1) first row gas port; 2) second row gas port.

16. biomass material treatment processs according to claim 13, is characterized in that: at least one reclaim heat from: 1) first row gas port discharge air; 2) air that second row gas port is discharged.

17. according to the biomass material treatment process described in claim 13 or 16, it is characterized in that: comprise biomass are broken into biological particles, and be dried in a upstream.

18. biomass material treatment processs according to claim 13, is characterized in that: also comprise and use heating unit pre-dried biomass in a negative pressure chamber.