CN104174462B - The hammer leaf of beater disintegrating machine and wing combined sieve component - Google Patents
The hammer leaf of beater disintegrating machine and wing combined sieve component Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of hammer leaf of beater disintegrating machine and wing combined sieve component, it is made up of rotating disk, hammer leaf and sieve body, the elementary contour of this body section of sieve is annular, is covered with sieve aperture on sieve body, rotating disk is located at the axle center of sieve body, and four hammer leaves are uniformly connected along the periphery of rotating disk.The sieve body is formed by connecting by least three combinations, and each combination waits haunch, circular arc and the part of wing arc three to constitute by what is be sequentially connected；The diameter of the circular arc respectively combined is identical, referred to as minor diameter；The haunch such as connection are identical with the diameter of the profile circumference on the summit of wing arc, referred to as major diameter, and major diameter is more than minor diameter.The sieve can effectively destroy circulation layer of the material at hammer-screen ciearance, increase hammer leaf and material relative impact velocity, while also increasing the sieving area of material.It is significantly increased in productivity ratio, output per kWh, and the material particles degree after crushing is uniform, heating is slow, wing combined sieve is a kind of regeneration product of energy efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The combined sieve of airfoil is crushed the present invention relates to feed processing industry, belongs to agriculture project hydrodynamics and pulverizer
Constructing technology field.
Background technology
Beater disintegrating machine is widely used in various materials because having the advantages that simple in construction, versatility is good, strong adaptability
Crushing, be referred to as Universal disintegrating machine.At present, at home and abroad beater disintegrating machine is that important production is set in feed manufacturing emterprise
It is standby, while also being widely used in terms of pharmacy industry, grocery trade, metallurgical mine, coating and building materials.
By the reform and opening-up development of more than 30 years, China's feed industry is ascending, and big as world's Feed Manufacturing
State.With the further development of feed industry, the market demand of beater disintegrating machine can further increase, but hammer type crushing
Machine is there is also some defects, and such as productivity ratio, output per kWh is relatively low, and power consumption is higher, and grinding particle size is uneven.Research shows：Raise
Material station-service accounts for the 60%-70% of Feed Manufacturing total power consumption in the power consumption of crushing, it can be seen that, the power consumption needed for comminuting matter is very
Greatly.Therefore, how to make beater disintegrating machine Synergistic and energy-saving is the important subject in feed processing machinery.In this regard, researcher
Carried out substantial amounts of theoretical and experimental investigations, these researchs are concentrated mainly on change hammer leaf arrangement, selection hammer leaf linear speed
In terms of degree, structure, material, hammer-screen ciearance, and improvement crushing cell structure, these measures have necessarily to improving crush efficiency
Effect, but there is no obvious effect to improving output per kWh.
In recent years, many works have been done in terms of pulverizer circulation layer is destroyed by some pulverizers production both at home and abroad and R＆D institution
Make, have developed some special-shaped pulverizing chambers, such as water-drop-shaped, oval pulverizing chamber, in practice it has proved that, the improvement of cell structure is crushed to improving
Crush efficiency has certain effect, but effect is general.In water-drop-shaped pulverizing chamber, circulation layer is only on the top of pulverizing chamber by broken
Bad, lower part is still as annular pulverizing chamber.In oval pulverizing chamber, though hammer-screen ciearance is being continually changing, pulverizing chamber
It is still smooth, has no ups and downs.Also having researcher improves the performance of pulverizer using fish scale shape sieve, as a result table
Bright, fish scale shape sieve has a certain effect to destruction circulation layer, but material goes out sieve rate without significantly improving.
At present, the principal element of influence beater disintegrating machine performance has：The material that material-air circulation layer is caused crosses powder
Broken, productivity ratio and the relatively low phenomenon of output per kWh；Hammer leaf is less than normal to the angle of attack of sieve to the eccentric impact of material and material to be caused
Crush efficiency and go out the low situation of sieve rate.Concrete analysis is as follows：For common annular flat sieve, by the hammer leaf rotated at a high speed
Material under acting on swirling eddy carries out pursuit and smashed, and the angle of shock on the material pounding after smashing to sieve is small, it is easy to make
Material slips, rebound rate reduction, and it is relatively low in turn result in productivity ratio, along with material-air stream formation circulation layer, causes bulky grain
Material is when hammer leaf is smashed because compass screen surface is thrown in the effect of centrifugal force, and tiny material is because air-flow is in spindle central formation negative pressure
Domain, is adsorbed on central rotating shaft, causes crushing phenomenon, and then reduce productivity ratio and output per kWh.According to Miller, Buddhist nun can
The research of husband, the power of beater disintegrating machine sieve part consumption constitutes about whole pulverizer and consumes 70% of power or so.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the above mentioned problem of prior art presence, the present invention, which have developed one kind, can destroy material-air circulation layer,
Relative impact velocity when hammer leaf smashes material is improved, increases angle of attack of the material to sieve, while also increasing sifting surface
Sieve.
The technical scheme is that：A kind of hammer leaf of beater disintegrating machine and wing combined sieve component, by rotating disk,
Hammer leaf and sieve body composition, the elementary contour of this body section of sieve is annular, sieve aperture is covered with sieve body, rotating disk is located at
The axle center of sieve body, four hammer leaves are uniformly connected along the periphery of rotating disk, it is characterised in that：Described sieve body is by least three
Individual combination is formed by connecting, and each combination waits haunch, circular arc and the part of wing arc three to constitute by what is be sequentially connected；The circular arc respectively combined
Diameter it is identical, referred to as minor diameter d；The haunch such as connection are identical with the diameter of the profile circumference on the summit of wing arc, are referred to as big
Diameter D, major diameter D are more than minor diameter d；
The described high H ≈ D/2-d/2, its -2 β=180 ° of drift angle λ=180 ° -2 (α that wait haunch1-ψ-β1), wherein：
In formula：ψ：The vibrating deflection of material particles；
R：The Maximum turning radius of hammer leaf；
δ1：Inclination angle of the hammer leaf relative to radial direction；
Lc：Rotating disk radius；
f：The coefficient of friction of hammer leaf and material；
α1：Angle of attack of the material particles to sieve；
Described wing arc is R by radiusc' with radius be RcCircular arc line connection composition, and radius Rc' and radius be Rc
The position of circular arc line determine that angle α ' two sidelines pass through the half of center of circle O wherein centered on a, b point by tri- intersection points of a, b, c
The intersection point of footpath ray and minor diameter d circular arc, central angle alpha ' it is the corresponding central angle of wing arc, it is one of 12 deciles of circumference；c
The position of point is：On the string of wing arc, 1/4 end points that length l is wing arc chord length L is taken from a points, makees wing in the end points
The vertical line of arc chord length, the intersection point of the vertical line and major diameter D circular arc is c points, and wherein a, c determined radius are R 'cThe circle of circular arc
The heart, c, b determined radius is RcThe center of circle of circular arc, and R 'c、RcLength L and the maximum of wing arc of the value with wing arc chord length
Action hmaxIt is relevant；
Wherein：
It is maximum to be with respect to camber：
fmaxIt is decided by lift-drag ratio, between 0.1~0.2, Rc=kfmax, k=1000~1200；α is the angle of attack.
Using the beater disintegrating machine of the present invention, respectively than being increased using common annular sieve in productivity ratio and output per kWh
33.9% and 122.2% are added, while the temperature rise of material reduces 52% or so.The use of wing combined sieve so that thing
The broken rear average grain diameter of feed powder is 0.9mm, and material accounts for 27.8% between the mesh of 20 mesh~30, and the use of common annular sieve, thing
The broken rear average grain diameter of feed powder is 1.03mm, and material accounts for 19.6% between the mesh of 20 mesh~30.Compared with circular arc sieve, it is produced
Rate, output per kWh are significantly increased, and raw meal particle size is uniform, heating is slow.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure chart of the end face of one embodiment of the invention (containing the rotating disk and hammer leaf for being assembled in middle part)；
Fig. 2 is Fig. 1 left view；
Fig. 3 is the structure chart of the end face of another embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the crushing indoor air flow flow field schematic diagram using the present invention；
Force analysis figure of the material on wing arc when Fig. 5 is present invention work；
Fig. 6 is material particles angle of attack schematic diagram on wing combined sieve circular arc；
Fig. 7 is material particles angle of attack schematic diagram on wing combined sieve is wing；
Fig. 8 is material particles angle of attack schematic diagram on wing combined sieve triangle arc.
Fig. 9 is the structural representation of the experimental rig constituted using the present invention.
Description of reference numerals：1st, rotating disk, 2, hammer leaf, 3, wing combined sieve, 4, triangular sections, 5, arc section, 6, the wing
Shape segmental arc, 7, undergauge jet-impingement, 8, radial air flow, 9, the negative pressuren zone on radial air flow side, 10, vortex flutter area, 11, motor,
12nd, pulverizing chamber, 13, feeding regulating device, 14, feed pipe, 15, discharging opening, 16, discharge rocking handle manually, 17, electric control gear (opens
Close, kilowatt-hour meter), 18, frequency conversion tank, 19, the outer contour (annular groove outer peripheral face) of sieve, α, the angle of attack, Fy, lift, Fx, resistance,
FR, make a concerted effort, V0, direction of flow, Δ h, hammer-screen ciearance, L/, arc length, hmax、The maximum action of wing arc, L, wing arc are most
Big chord length.
Embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1-Fig. 3, a kind of hammer leaf of beater disintegrating machine of the invention and wing combined sieve component, its wing group
Sieve body 3 of the mould assembly sieve by the elementary contour in section for annular is constituted, and is covered with sieve aperture on sieve body 3.Described sieve
Piece body 3 is formed by connecting by least three combinations, and each combination waits haunch 4, circular arc 5 and wing arc 6 three by what is be sequentially connected
It is grouped into.Being formed by connecting for four combinations wherein shown in Fig. 1；Being formed by connecting for three combinations shown in Fig. 3.The circle respectively combined
The diameter of arc 5 is identical, referred to as minor diameter d；The haunch 4 such as connection are identical with the diameter of the profile circumference on the summit of wing arc 6, claim
It is more than minor diameter d for major diameter D, major diameter D；
For waiting haunch 4, its high H ≈ D/2-d/2, its -2 β=180 ° of drift angle λ=180 ° -2 (α1-ψ-β1), wherein ψ
For the vibrating deflection of material particles.
Wherein：ψ：The vibrating deflection of material particles；
R：The Maximum turning radius of hammer leaf；
δ1：Inclination angle of the hammer leaf relative to radial direction；
Lc：Rotor radius；
f：The coefficient of friction of hammer leaf and material.
The 4KB set hammer piece type crushers of this experiment：
R=180mm, δ1=0, Lc=100mm, f=0.4, D=393mm, d=371mm, substitute into above formula
If it is desired to angle of attack α1=90 ° then：
β=180 ° -2 (90 ° -72 °) of drift angle λ=180 ° -2 of triangle 4=144 °
High H=D/2-d/2=393/2-the 371/2=11mm of triangle 4
Position Deng haunch 4 is：Clockwise, after wing arc 6, first 12 grade point circular arc center is to wait haunch
4 bases center.
For wing arc 6, as shown in figure 3, its arc depends primarily on radius for R 'cIt is R with radiuscCircular arc line, and justify
The position of camber line depends on tri- intersection points of a, b, c.Angle α ' two sidelines centered on a, b point (by center of circle O radius ray)
With the intersection point of minor diameter d circular arc, central angle alpha ' as mentioned before is 12 deciles (360 °, be 30 °).C points are to take length from a points
L is the vertical line of the wing chord length L of arc 6 1/4 end points and the intersection point of major diameter D circular arcs, and wherein a, c determined radius is R 'cCircular arc
The center of circle, c, b determined radius be RcThe center of circle of circular arc, and R 'c、RcValue with the chord length L and wing arc 6 of wing arc 6 most
Big action hmaxIt is relevant.
Wherein：
It is maximum to be with respect to camber：
fmaxIt is decided by lift-drag ratio, typically takes between 0.1~0.2, Rc=kfmax, k=1000~1200.
The 4KB set hammer piece type crushers D=393mm of this experiment, d=371mm, α '=30 °, substitution above formula can be calculated
R′cAnd RcFor：
fmax0.17 is taken, then R 'c=26mm, Rc=200mm, now attack angle alpha=15 °.Above-mentioned parameter be wing arc most
Good parameter.
Wing combined sieve influences the major parameter of beater disintegrating machine performance as shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Fig. 5：The arc of circular arc 5
Angle of shock α, maximum camber f on long L ', wing arc 6max=hmaxDrift angle λ on/L, triangle arc 4, for different structure
Beater disintegrating machine can find preferably above-mentioned parameter by calculating, testing, and design rational wing combined sieve.
The rotating disk 1 fitted together and uniformly connected along rotating disk periphery four when also show present invention application in Fig. 1
Δ h is hammer-screen ciearance, L in individual hammer leaf 2 (belonging to prior art), figure/For arc length, hmax, L be wing arc maximum action
With chord length.
In order to verify the technique effect of the present invention, following experiment has been carried out.
1. wing combined sieve pulverizing chamber two phase flow (air, material) flow field analysis：
After using wing combined sieve of the invention, the end of hammer millses 2 and sieve 3 (hereinafter referred to as sieve) it
Between will produce backflow phenomenon.Rotated with the high speed of rotor mill, the two phase flow between sieve 3 and hammer leaf 2 can form part
It is vortexed flow field.From engineering fluid mechanics angle analysis, the motion conditions of this vortex are relatively complicated, as shown in Figure 4.
Because sieve 3 uses wing combined design, with being continually changing for hammer-screen ciearance, when hammer leaf 2 moves to distance
When sieve is nearest, the gap that will be formed between hammer sieve between a close clearance, this hour hammer sieve is minimum, two phase flow by herein when can be formed
Undergauge jet-impingement, sprays into pulverizing chamber.Meanwhile, as rotor rotates at a high speed, two phase flow produces powerful centrifugal force, acts on herein
Under, two phase flow produces and small eddy flow is formed after radial air flow, and produces negative pressuren zone in the edge of radial air flow.So, injection stream
Met as main cyclone and radial air flow, the two fierce collision rift formation vortex flutter area.
By correlation engineering fluid mechanics knowledge, fluid is when flowing through variable section channel, the change pair of flow channel cross-sections product
The motion of fluid produces influence.The special-shaped pulverizing chamber that designed wing combined sieve is constituted, is arrived by changing the top of hammer leaf 2
The cross-sectional area of the inner surface of sieve 3 changes flow velocity, so that circulation layer is by a certain degree of destruction.
Each particle forms turbulent flow with direction crisscross motion at different rates.Meanwhile, when hammer leaf 2 moves to wing arc 6
During place, velocity of circulation is reduced suddenly here, the relative velocity between particle and hammer leaf 2 is increased suddenly, and particle is by beating
The chance hit increases, and so crushes qualified small particles material and smoothly discharges outside chamber, large granular materials are still remained in crushing chamber
Pulverized, operating efficiency is obviously improved.
2. the Analysis of Dynamic Characteristics of the wing wing arc 6 of combined sieve：
Increase wing arc 6 in the design of sieve 3.Effect important in inhibiting of the fluid force to sieve is streamed, it is influence
Go out one of sieve rate and the principal element of crushing power.Sieve 3 is referred to as the power of sieve 3 with streaming the interaction property of fluid force
Characteristic.During fluid winding flow sieve 3, the active force suffered by sieve 3 can be analyzed to the resistance F being parallel to each other with direction of flowxWith with
The orthogonal lift F of direction of flowy.Aerofoil profile arc 6 with come the relative position that flows be determine lift and drag size it is main because
Element, this position relationship can represent that the angle of attack is to sieve string and the angle of direction of flow, as shown in Figure 5 with attack angle alpha.
If the projected area of sieve 3 is A, speed of incoming flow is V0, density is that ρ, then lift and resistance are calculated with following formula：
Wherein, CyAnd CxRespectively lift coefficient and resistance coefficient, relevant with the size of sieve geometry and the angle of attack.
Its feature：Rationally determine the attack angle alpha and wing geometry of wing arc 6, it is possible to increase lift, be easy to small particles material
Go out sieve.
3. material impact comminution at the different arcs of wing combined sieve pulverizing chamber is analyzed：
In the beater disintegrating machine pulverizing chamber equipped with designed wing combined sieve, circulation layer is with less than hammer leaf 2
Linear velocity does motion in the same direction with hammer leaf 2.Now, there are three kinds of collisions in pulverizing chamber, be that the pursuit of hammer leaf 2 and particle is collided respectively,
The frictional impact of the central collision of hammer leaf 2 and particle, particle and compass screen surface, the collision of this three kinds of modes causes crushing material
Main cause.According to the moment of momentum theorem, head-on normal impact energy consumption minimization, and add normal impact chance of the material to compass screen surface enters
And material can be improved and go out sieve rate.It is relevant that collision mode crashes the angle of attack cast after material on compass screen surface with hammer leaf 2.Below with regard to the wing
The combined sieve of shape circular arc 5, wing arc 6, etc. at haunch 4 compass screen surface the impact comminution of particle is analyzed.
(1) crushing analysis of the material particles at circular arc 5：
Crushing analysis of the material particles at circular arc 5 is as shown in Figure 6.
Wherein L1⊥ OE, L2⊥ AO, geometrical relationship can obtain angle of attack in figure：
α1=Ψ+θ
Wherein, α1：Angle of attack of the material particles to sieve 2；
ψ：The vibrating deflection of material particles；
θ：AO and EO angle.
(2) crushing analysis of the material particles at wing arc 6：
Crushing analysis of the material particles at wing arc 6 is as shown in Figure 7.
Camber line CD is approximately replaced by string of a musical instrument CD in figure, cast after material particles are smashed by hammer leaf 2 to the A on wing arc 6
During point, geometrical relationship can obtain angle of attack in figure：
α1≈Ψ+θ+β
(3) material particles are waiting the crushing at haunch 4 to analyze：
Material particles are waiting the analysis of the crushing at haunch 4 as shown in Figure 8.
When being cast after material particles are smashed by hammer leaf 2 to the A points for waiting haunch 4, geometrical relationship can obtain angle of attack in figure：
α1=Ψ+γ
Wherein：
γ=β+β1
Then：
α1=Ψ+β+β1
Wing arc 6, etc. haunch 4 the angle of shock than circular arc more than 5 β, β1Angle.
Through calculating 4KB set hammer piece type crushers, circular arc 5, wing arc 6, etc. haunch 4 angle of attack for 72 °, 85 °,
90 °, it is clear that wing arc 6, etc. the angle of attack of haunch 4 be better than circular arc 5.
This beater disintegrating machine is when rotating disk 1 rotates at a high speed (angular speed is ω), because hammer-screen ciearance Δ h is in circular arc 5, the wing
It is change when at shape arc 6, triangle arc 4, its sectional area is s=Δs hw, and w is the width of sieve 3, when the choosing of pulverizer model
Regularly, w is definite value, and Δ h with circular arc 5, wing arc 6, etc. haunch 4 change, therefore s be also change, according to Stokes' theorem：
When fluid particle is moved in many on concentric circles centered on origin, the product of speed and the point to initial point distance is normal for one
Number.If this constant is B, i.e. vR=B.In crushing chamber, when Dual-Phrase Distribution of Gas olid flow through circular arc 5, wing arc 6, etc. haunch 4 when,
Flow velocity is change, therefore vR ≠ B, can break material-air circulation layer.Theory analysis and experimental study prove, gas-particle two-phase
When stream flows through circular arc 5, its flow velocity is very fast, and when flowing through wing arc 6 and waiting haunch 4, flow velocity is slack-off, and stream pressure is substantially not
Become.In addition, hammer leaf smash cast after material to the angle of attack at sieve 3 wing arc 6, etc. at haunch 4 close to 90 °,
4KB set hammer piece type crushers, its basic structure are selected in experimental study as shown in figure 9, the sieve 3 selected when testing is sieved
The aperture in hole is 3mm.In experiment, first with the temperature of thermometer measure material to be comminuted, then sieve 3 is loaded to the powder of pulverizer
Broken intracavitary, opens pulverizer after its operating is stable, adding corn material crushes it, the time is 30 minutes.After crushing terminates,
The temperature of measurement crushed material and the quality of comminuting matter, and record grinding time and power consumption immediately, finally calculate relevant evaluation
Index, test data is specific as follows：
Use common annular sieve：Productivity ratio 224kg/h, output per kWh 120kg/kWh.
Use the wing combined sieve of the present invention：Productivity ratio 300kg/h, output per kWh 226.7kg/kWh.
Using the beater disintegrating machine of wing combined sieve in productivity ratio and output per kWh respectively than use common ring
Shape sieve adds 33.9% and 122.2%, while the temperature rise of material reduces 52% or so.Wing combined sieve 3 makes
With so that average grain diameter is 0.9mm after crushing material, and material accounts for 27.8% between the mesh of 20 mesh~30, and common annular sieve
Use, average grain diameter is 1.03mm after crushing material, and material accounts for 19.6% between the mesh of 20 mesh~30.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of hammer leaf of beater disintegrating machine and wing combined sieve component, are made up of rotating disk, hammer leaf and sieve body, sieve
The elementary contour of this body section of piece is annular, sieve aperture is covered with sieve body, rotating disk is located at the axle center of sieve body, along rotating disk
Periphery uniformly connection four hammer leaves, it is characterised in that：Described sieve body is formed by connecting by least three combinations, each group
Close waits haunch, circular arc and the part of wing arc three to constitute by what is be sequentially connected；The diameter of the circular arc respectively combined is identical, referred to as minor diameter
d；The haunch such as connection are identical with the diameter of the profile circumference on the summit of wing arc, referred to as major diameter D, and major diameter D is more than small straight
Footpath d；
The described high H ≈ D/2-d/2, its -2 β=180 ° of drift angle λ=180 ° -2 (α that wait haunch1-ψ-β1), wherein：
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In formula：ψ：The vibrating deflection of material particles；
R：The Maximum turning radius of hammer leaf；
δ1：Inclination angle of the hammer leaf relative to radial direction；
Lc：Rotating disk radius；
f：The coefficient of friction of hammer leaf and material；
α1：Angle of attack of the material particles to sieve；
Described wing arc is R by radiusc' with radius be RcCircular arc line connection composition, and radius Rc' and radius be RcCircular arc
The position of line determines by tri- intersection points of a, b, c, the radius ray that wherein angle α ' two sidelines pass through center of circle O centered on a, b point
With the intersection point of minor diameter d circular arc, central angle alpha ' be the corresponding central angle of wing arc is one of 12 deciles of circumference；The position of c points
Putting is：On the string of wing arc, 1/4 end points that length l is wing arc chord length L is taken from a points, wing arc chord length is made in the end points
Vertical line, the intersection point of the vertical line and major diameter D circular arc is c points, and wherein a, c determined radius are RcThe center of circle of ' circular arc, c, b
Determined radius is RcThe center of circle of circular arc, and Rc′、RcLength L and the maximum action of wing arc of the value with wing arc chord length
hmaxIt is relevant；
Wherein：
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It is maximum to be with respect to camber：
fmaxIt is decided by lift-drag ratio, between 0.1~0.2, Rc=kfmax, k=1000~1200；α is the angle of attack.
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| CN204194034U (en) * | 2014-09-03 | 2015-03-11 | 内蒙古农业大学 | Wing combined sieve |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104174462A (en) | 2014-12-03 |
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