CN104158297A - Composite energy structure micro-grid monitoring platform based on energy management - Google Patents
Composite energy structure micro-grid monitoring platform based on energy management Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104158297A CN104158297A CN201410445253.XA CN201410445253A CN104158297A CN 104158297 A CN104158297 A CN 104158297A CN 201410445253 A CN201410445253 A CN 201410445253A CN 104158297 A CN104158297 A CN 104158297A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- ems
- control
- micro
- energy management
- monitor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Landscapes
- Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a composite energy structure micro-grid monitoring platform based on energy management and belongs to the field of photovoltaic monitoring. The composite energy structure micro-grid monitoring platform based on energy management is structurally composed of a human-machine operation interface, a local monitor, an industrial control computer, an energy management system (EMS), an isolated RS485 concentrator and a remote monitor, wherein the local monitor is internally provided with the human-machine operation interface and is connected with the industrial control computer through the isolated RS485 concentrator, the remote monitor receives data of the industrial control computer through network transmission, the industrial control computer is connected with the EMS, the EMS is provided with a main control board and an input and output port and is connected with the isolated RS485 concentrator, and the EMS collects information and loads of various distributed power supplies and information of a BMS and a grid monitoring electric meter through the isolated RS485 concentrator. The composite energy structure micro-grid monitoring platform integrates the monitoring and control functions of a composite energy structure micro-grid system, can carry out data analysis and fault alarm, and has the data analysis and logical judgment functions, thereby achieving remote monitoring and fault diagnosis on the micro-grid operating state.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to micro-electric network synthetic technical field of automation, be specifically related to the micro-power system monitor platform of a kind of compound energy structure based on energy management.
Background technology
Along with economic development, electricity needs increases rapidly, and electrical network scale constantly expands, and the drawback of ultra-large electric power system also shows especially day by day: operation stability is poor, is difficult to adapt to user to electric power safety and reliability requirement and diversified power demands.Micro-electrical network is one can realize the autonomous system that oneself controls, protects and manage; it is as complete electric power system, relies on the control of self and management function to realize the function of the aspects such as power-balance control, running Optimization, fault detect and protection, power quality controlling.Micro-electrical network reducing energy consumption, improve the aspects such as power system security and reliability and there are huge potentiality, meet build flexibly, the demand of clean, safety, economy and friendly intelligent grid.
But micro-electrical network itself exists problems, as distributed power source mostly is new cleaning fuel, the stability of a system is poor, control is difficult etc.Due to the complexity of micro-grid system, need to effectively monitor micro-grid generation, grasp in time the state of the distributed power source in micro-electrical network and detect the quality of power supply, improve power generation stabilization and efficiency of energy utilization; But the current remote control technology of specializing in for micro-grid system is still not mature enough, and the energy utilization rate of micro-grid generation is not high.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide the micro-power system monitor platform of a kind of compound energy structure based on energy management, the power station synthetical automation remote monitoring platform of the professional compound energy structure of developing for multi-energies hybrid power generating system; The present invention can realize and the each generator unit of micro-electrical network and internal system of providing multiple forms of energy to complement each other is carried out to remote activation control with shutting down, and inquires about its operating state, calculates and shows accumulated generation amount; Simultaneously can counterglow, wind speed, environmental parameter measure demonstration; There is warning function, and realized power station history data store and playback based on data base administration pattern, can realize monthly magazine and daily paper function.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
The micro-power system monitor platform of a kind of compound energy structure based on energy management, its structure is by man machine operation interface, local monitor, industrial computer, EMS (EMS), isolation RS 485 hub, remote monitor forms, wherein in local monitor, be provided with man machine operation interface, be connected with industrial computer by isolation RS 485 hub, remote monitor receives the data of industrial computer by Internet Transmission, industrial computer is connected with EMS (EMS), EMS (EMS) is provided with master board and input/output port, and be connected with isolation RS 485 hub, EMS (EMS) gathers the information of each distributed electrical source information, load, BMS and power network monitoring ammeter by isolation RS 485 hub, communication network all adopts Ethernet.
Described local monitor, its built-in monitoring software, based on Development of Configuration Software, development language is C language, is convenient to later stage software debugging and correlation function expansion, local monitor 1024x768 or more high-resolution.
Described industrial computer, it more than CPU 1500 MHz more than internal memory 1024 Mb, more than hard disk free space 500 Mb, more than video card 8 Mb video memorys, has RS-232/485 communication interface.
Described EMS (EMS), the key control unit of its master board based on DSP & CPLD realized, on the basis that meets operational capability, realize the expansion of output IO port, meet control required port number needs and want, facilitate system extension simultaneously; Input/output terminal mouth structure comprises universal input and output port, analog input port and communication port (RS232, RS485, CAN, USB).
Described isolation RS 485 hub, it is provided with multiple ports, photovoltaic system, wind generator system, energy-storage system, load, BMS and power network monitoring table are connected respectively on the port of isolation RS 485 hub, 1 mouthful of isolation RS 485 hub and EMS (EMS), isolation RS 485 hub can prevent the interference of communication.
Described remote monitor, it is provided with network receiving function, can carry out remote activation to micro-grid system and the each generator unit of internal system (inverter) and control with shutting down, and inquires about its operating state, calculates and shows accumulated generation amount.
Described man machine operation interface, it carries out menu design according to functional attributes is two-stage: one-level menu, second-level menu, user can enter corresponding menu by the button of clicking on navigation bar; Described one-level menu comprises: general system diagram, control interface, main interface, warning window, data query, real-time data base, log recording and operating guidance; Described second-level menu comprises: energy management Comprehensive Control, load control, air-blower control, photovoltaic control from network operation control, BMS controls, system control, daily sheet, the moon form, logout, operation note.
Described general system diagram is the displaying directly perceived of the formation to micro-electrical network, without operating function.
Described control interface, it is one of this monitoring software groundwork interface, be responsible for each generator unit (inverter) in electricity generation system to start, stop to control and mode of operation switching, controlled interface and comprise energy management Comprehensive Control, load control, air-blower control, photovoltaic control and control and system control from network operation control, BMS.
Described main interface, it can show each equipment operation condition information of micro-electrical network; Green indication equipment on platform is in service, and grey represents to stop; Show in real time the power of active power, blower fan, photovoltaic, energy storage, load over time, the daily generation histogram graph representation of blower fan and photovoltaic, photovoltaic and the blower fan ratio of always generating electricity shows by chart.
Described warning window, the abnormal conditions that its essential record data occur, and show its type and whether confirm.
Described data query, it is made up of daily sheet and a month form, wherein daily sheet can by click inquire about and upper one day, next day button data query, month form can by click inquire about and upper January, lower January button data query, also can click control change time time, be provided with print button.
Described real-time data base, it is a platform of background process data, and data are stored and variation accordingly, database is mainly made up of script and some configuration, is connected on the one hand with interface, is connected on the one hand with driving.
Described log recording is divided into event and operation note, logout be the startup etc. of software, operation note is the variation of recording some parameter.
Described operating guidance is explanation and the Operating Guideline to monitor supervision platform, while being user-friendly to, consults.
Monitoring and the control function of compound energy structure micro-grid system that the present invention is integrated, can carry out data analysis and fault alarm; The data of the micro-grid generation system of compound energy structure transfer to EMS (EMS) by isolation RS 485 hub, EMS (EMS) is carried out data analysis and logic judgement, and by network, real time information is transferred to remote monitor, realize remote monitoring and failure diagnosis to the micro-operation of power networks state of compound energy structure.
Owing to having adopted above technical scheme, the present invention, compared with prior art, has following beneficial effect:
1) the present invention can realize and the each generator unit of micro-electrical network and internal system of providing multiple forms of energy to complement each other is carried out to remote activation control with shutting down, and inquires about its operating state, calculates and shows accumulated generation amount;
2) simultaneously can counterglow, wind speed, environmental parameter measure demonstration;
3) there is warning function, and realized power station history data store and playback based on data base administration pattern, can realize monthly magazine and daily paper function;
4), by gathering micro-operation of power networks information of compound energy structure, realize the local and remote pipe monitoring of micro-operation of power networks and control;
5) improve the fail safe of micro-operation of power networks and the utilization ratio of distributed energy, realized long-range, real-time, accurately monitoring to the micro-electrical network of compound energy structure.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1, be structured flowchart of the present invention.
Fig. 2, be man machine operation interface structured flowchart of the present invention.
Fig. 3, be control interfacial structure block diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
In order to facilitate those skilled in the art's understanding, below in conjunction with the drawings and the specific embodiments, the invention will be further described.
As shown in Figure 1, the invention provides the micro-power system monitor platform of a kind of compound energy structure based on energy management, its structure comprises, local monitor, industrial computer, EMS (EMS), master board, input/output port, remote monitor, man machine operation interface, isolation RS 485 hub, wherein in local monitor, be provided with man machine operation interface, be connected with industrial computer by isolation RS 485 hub, remote monitor receives the data of industrial computer by Internet Transmission, industrial computer is connected with EMS (EMS), EMS (EMS) is connected with isolation RS 485 hub, and EMS (EMS) is provided with master board and input/output port.
Described local monitor, its built-in monitoring software, based on Development of Configuration Software, development language is C language, is convenient to later stage software debugging and correlation function expansion, monitor 1024x768 or more high-resolution.
Described industrial computer, it more than CPU 1500 MHz more than internal memory 1024 Mb, more than hard disk free space 500 Mb, more than video card 8 Mb video memorys, has RS-232/485 communication interface.
Described EMS (EMS), the key control unit of its master board based on DSP & CPLD realized, on the basis that meets operational capability, realize the expansion of output IO port, meet control required port number needs and want, facilitate system extension simultaneously; Input/output terminal mouth structure comprises universal input and output port, analog input port and communication port (RS232, RS485, CAN, USB).
Described isolation RS 485 hub, it is provided with multiple ports, photovoltaic system, wind generator system, energy-storage system, load, BMS and power network monitoring table are connected respectively on the port of isolation RS 485 hub, 1 mouthful of isolation RS 485 hub and EMS (EMS), isolation RS 485 hub can prevent the interference of communication.
Described remote monitor, it is provided with network receiving function, can carry out remote activation to micro-grid system and the each generator unit of internal system (inverter) and control with shutting down, and inquires about its operating state, calculates and shows accumulated generation amount.
As shown in Figure 2, described man machine operation interface its to carry out menu design according to functional attributes be two-stage: one-level menu, second-level menu, user enters respective menu by the button of clicking on navigation bar.
One-level menu is made up of general system diagram, control interface, main interface, warning window, data query, real-time data base, log recording and operating guidance.
Second-level menu by energy management Comprehensive Control, load control, air-blower control, photovoltaic control and from network operation control, BMS controls, system control, daily sheet, the moon form, logout and operation note form.
Controlling interface is the core of micro-power system monitor platform man machine operation interface, mainly controls and system control seven parts form by energy management Comprehensive Control, load control, air-blower control, photovoltaic control and from network operation control, BMS.
As shown in Figure 3, energy management Comprehensive Control is realized and is controlled function by EMS (EMS) master control borad, feasible system moves, stops, also/switch from net state, running status fault (comprising that PCS fault, black startup enable, forbid) diagnosis, and/show (comprising charging and discharging state, amplitude, frequency, voltage, active power, reactive power) from net state; EMS (EMS) master board is mainly made up of dsp processor and CPLD expanded circuit; System adopts principal and subordinate to control, and energy storage is as master control system, only storage energy operation or and net state under, other slaves just can put into operation, otherwise are illegal state.
Load is controlled to realize and is dropped into and excision controllable burden, shows its state by indicator light, is provided with communications buttons and recovery button.
Air-blower control can be controlled two blower fan systems of blower fan, and its communications status and recovery and running status etc. are all with above-mentioned consistent.Running status can be divided into un-brake and brake, and fault type is divided into self-insurance and safety, and meritorious idle desired value can be set.
Six groups of photovoltaic systems of photovoltaic control control, its communications status and recovery and running status etc. are all with above-mentioned consistent.Running status is divided into standby, starts, grid-connected, shutdown extremely, and shutdown, fault type is divided into fault with normal.Can fill in active power derate percentage and reactive power compensation power factor.
And from network operation be controlled at that energy storage has put into operation or and net state under, can move control to all the other equipment.Can realize manually and switching with automatic two kinds of patterns.Four buttons in slave control realize whole slave communication or cut out, and all slave moves or stops.In the time of whole slave operation, the green button of reddish yellow represents respectively and stops, partly moving, move three kinds of states.BMS controls, and can be divided into the demonstration of communications buttons and recovery thereof and communications status.
System control can be controlled and show micro-grid system overall operation, and each equipment running status is by color differentiating, and green represents operation, and grey represents to stop.User can put the control interface that enters corresponding module, comprising: energy storage monitoring, load monitoring, blower fan system monitoring, four sub-components of system as directed of photovoltaic system monitoring.
The above is preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not in order to limit the present invention, all any amendments of doing within the spirit and principles in the present invention, are equal to replacement, improves etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the micro-power system monitor platform of the compound energy structure based on energy management, its structure is by man machine operation interface, local monitor, industrial computer, EMS (EMS), isolation RS 485 hub, remote monitor forms, it is characterized in that: wherein in local monitor, be provided with man machine operation interface, be connected with industrial computer by isolation RS 485 hub, remote monitor receives the data of industrial computer by Internet Transmission, industrial computer is connected with EMS (EMS), EMS (EMS) is provided with master board and input/output port, and be connected with isolation RS 485 hub, EMS (EMS) gathers the information of each distributed electrical source information, load, BMS and power network monitoring ammeter by isolation RS 485 hub, communication network all adopts Ethernet.
2. the micro-power system monitor platform of a kind of compound energy structure based on energy management as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described local monitor, its built-in monitoring software, based on Development of Configuration Software, development language is C language, be convenient to later stage software debugging and correlation function expansion, local monitor 1024x768 or more high-resolution.
3. the micro-power system monitor platform of a kind of compound energy structure based on energy management as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described industrial computer, they are more than CPU 1500 MHz, more than internal memory 1024 Mb, more than hard disk free space 500 Mb, more than video card 8 Mb video memorys, there is RS-232/485 communication interface.
4. the micro-power system monitor platform of a kind of compound energy structure based on energy management as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described EMS (EMS), the key control unit of its master board based on DSP & CPLD realized, on the basis that meets operational capability, realize the expansion of output IO port, meet control required port number needs and want, facilitate system extension simultaneously; Input/output terminal mouth structure comprises universal input and output port, analog input port and communication port (RS232, RS485, CAN, USB).
5. the micro-power system monitor platform of a kind of compound energy structure based on energy management as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described isolation RS 485 hub, it is provided with multiple ports, photovoltaic system, wind generator system, energy-storage system, load, BMS and power network monitoring table are connected respectively on the port of isolation RS 485 hub, 1 mouthful of isolation RS 485 hub and EMS (EMS).
6. the micro-power system monitor platform of a kind of compound energy structure based on energy management as claimed in claim 1; it is characterized in that: described remote monitor; it is provided with network receiving function; can carry out remote activation and shut down control micro-grid system and the each generator unit of internal system (inverter); inquire about its operating state, calculate and show accumulated generation amount.
7. the micro-power system monitor platform of a kind of compound energy structure based on energy management as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described man machine operation interface, it carries out menu design according to functional attributes is two-stage: one-level menu, second-level menu, and user can enter corresponding menu by the button of clicking on navigation bar; Described one-level menu comprises: general system diagram, control interface, main interface, warning window, data query, real-time data base, log recording and operating guidance; Described second-level menu comprises: energy management Comprehensive Control, load control, air-blower control, photovoltaic control from network operation control, BMS controls, system control, daily sheet, the moon form, logout, operation note.
8. the micro-power system monitor platform of a kind of compound energy structure based on energy management as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that: described control interface, it is one of monitoring software groundwork interface, be responsible for each generator unit (inverter) in electricity generation system to start, stop to control and mode of operation switching, controlled interface and comprise energy management Comprehensive Control, load control, air-blower control, photovoltaic control and control and system control from network operation control, BMS.
9. the micro-power system monitor platform of a kind of compound energy structure based on energy management as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that: described main interface, and it can show each equipment operation condition information of micro-electrical network; Green indication equipment on platform is in service, and grey represents to stop; Show in real time the power of active power, blower fan, photovoltaic, energy storage, load over time, the daily generation histogram graph representation of blower fan and photovoltaic, photovoltaic and the blower fan ratio of always generating electricity shows by chart.
10. the micro-power system monitor platform of a kind of compound energy structure based on energy management as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: monitoring and the control function of compound energy structure micro-grid system that the present invention is integrated, can carry out data analysis and fault alarm; The data of the micro-grid generation system of compound energy structure transfer to EMS (EMS) by isolation RS 485 hub, EMS (EMS) is carried out data analysis and logic judgement, and by network, real time information is transferred to remote monitor, realize remote monitoring and failure diagnosis to the micro-operation of power networks state of compound energy structure.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410445253.XA CN104158297A (en) | 2014-09-04 | 2014-09-04 | Composite energy structure micro-grid monitoring platform based on energy management |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410445253.XA CN104158297A (en) | 2014-09-04 | 2014-09-04 | Composite energy structure micro-grid monitoring platform based on energy management |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104158297A true CN104158297A (en) | 2014-11-19 |
Family
ID=51883738
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410445253.XA Pending CN104158297A (en) | 2014-09-04 | 2014-09-04 | Composite energy structure micro-grid monitoring platform based on energy management |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN104158297A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105186507A (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2015-12-23 | 昊坤能源科技(上海)有限公司 | Microgrid-based charge and energy-storage integrated energy management system and method |
| CN108770078A (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2018-11-06 | 上海太阳能科技有限公司 | Photovoltaic plant multi-stage data monitors and composite information Transmission system |
| CN109256863A (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2019-01-22 | 厦门科华恒盛股份有限公司 | A kind of microgrid energy control method and micro-grid system |
| CN111193283A (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2020-05-22 | 蔡紫恒 | Automatically regulated switch based on intelligent operation control of little electric wire netting |
| CN111953020A (en) * | 2020-08-21 | 2020-11-17 | 华翔翔能科技股份有限公司 | User-side intelligent micro-grid design method |
| WO2021000534A1 (en) * | 2019-06-29 | 2021-01-07 | 沃太能源南通有限公司 | Energy storage parallel operation system |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH1094173A (en) * | 1996-09-17 | 1998-04-10 | Toshiba Corp | Power system monitor controller and power system monitor control training device |
| CN102710013A (en) * | 2012-05-23 | 2012-10-03 | 中国电力科学研究院 | Park energy-network energy optimizing management system based on microgrids and implementing method thereof |
| CN103326395A (en) * | 2013-05-23 | 2013-09-25 | 国家电网公司 | Microgrid coordinated control system based on various distributed power sources |
-
2014
- 2014-09-04 CN CN201410445253.XA patent/CN104158297A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH1094173A (en) * | 1996-09-17 | 1998-04-10 | Toshiba Corp | Power system monitor controller and power system monitor control training device |
| CN102710013A (en) * | 2012-05-23 | 2012-10-03 | 中国电力科学研究院 | Park energy-network energy optimizing management system based on microgrids and implementing method thereof |
| CN103326395A (en) * | 2013-05-23 | 2013-09-25 | 国家电网公司 | Microgrid coordinated control system based on various distributed power sources |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105186507A (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2015-12-23 | 昊坤能源科技(上海)有限公司 | Microgrid-based charge and energy-storage integrated energy management system and method |
| CN105186507B (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2018-02-06 | 上海联会能源科技有限公司 | The energy management system and method for charging, energy storage integrated based on micro-capacitance sensor |
| CN108770078A (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2018-11-06 | 上海太阳能科技有限公司 | Photovoltaic plant multi-stage data monitors and composite information Transmission system |
| CN109256863A (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2019-01-22 | 厦门科华恒盛股份有限公司 | A kind of microgrid energy control method and micro-grid system |
| CN111193283A (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2020-05-22 | 蔡紫恒 | Automatically regulated switch based on intelligent operation control of little electric wire netting |
| WO2021000534A1 (en) * | 2019-06-29 | 2021-01-07 | 沃太能源南通有限公司 | Energy storage parallel operation system |
| CN111953020A (en) * | 2020-08-21 | 2020-11-17 | 华翔翔能科技股份有限公司 | User-side intelligent micro-grid design method |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN104239059B (en) | Intelligence based on full model matches somebody with somebody the construction method of electricity consumption unified information support platform | |
| CN104158297A (en) | Composite energy structure micro-grid monitoring platform based on energy management | |
| CN101710711B (en) | Monitoring system for energy storing device for output power of smooth wind power system | |
| CN105743126A (en) | Microgrid energy management system capable of realizing load management | |
| CN109713793B (en) | Power supply online state evaluation system and method for transformer substation | |
| CN104283308A (en) | Smart central strategy control system for micro-grid | |
| CN101630840A (en) | Intelligent control system for microgrid energy | |
| CN103944265B (en) | A kind of interactive intelligent adapted electric energy monitoring device and method | |
| CN102437650A (en) | Intelligent electric power distribution system | |
| CN108599379B (en) | Power monitoring system for micro-grid group | |
| CN202084997U (en) | Digital integrated AC/DC power supply chief monitoring device | |
| CN105449849A (en) | Wind farm integrated monitoring system | |
| CN108173267B (en) | Offshore wind power plant and island microgrid combined monitoring system | |
| CN109709413A (en) | A kind of comprehensive integrated system of observing and controlling based on modular multi-function platform | |
| CN201985457U (en) | Intelligent box type substation | |
| Kumar et al. | Utility of SCADA in power generation and distribution system | |
| WO2018103231A1 (en) | New energy micro-grid electric vehicle charging station | |
| CN108062062A (en) | A kind of Energy Management System of microgrid based on comprehensively monitoring | |
| CN107947356A (en) | Electrified railway digital traction substation automated system | |
| CN114285159A (en) | Platform district energy control system | |
| CN202475013U (en) | Intelligent power distribution device | |
| CN201897726U (en) | Automatic monitoring system for hydraulic power plant | |
| CN109560608B (en) | Intelligent management and control system of distributed photovoltaic access power distribution network | |
| CN202034825U (en) | Intelligent comprehensive device of medium-voltage switch | |
| CN202524166U (en) | On-line monitoring and protection device used in feeder automation system |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C02 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001) | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20141119 |