CN104129404B - The method and device that a kind of high speed dynamic realtime detection railway rail clip loosens - Google Patents
The method and device that a kind of high speed dynamic realtime detection railway rail clip loosens Download PDFInfo
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- CN104129404B CN104129404B CN201310159000.1A CN201310159000A CN104129404B CN 104129404 B CN104129404 B CN 104129404B CN 201310159000 A CN201310159000 A CN 201310159000A CN 104129404 B CN104129404 B CN 104129404B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the method and device that a kind of high speed dynamic realtime detection railway rail clip loosens, the described method comprises the following steps：The image of collection is transferred to industrial computer by TDI line scan cameras by high-speed collection card；It is determined that target need to be detected；Industrial computer carries out segmentation reduction to image, extracts fastener image, and carry out image preprocessing；Obtain fastener image spectrum；The real-time fastener image spectrum for obtaining is compared with the intact fastener image spectrum of storage in industrial computer, defect recognition is carried out；If existing defects, industrial computer sends the warning that fastener loosens to display, and the position of trouble point is given with reference to GPS location information；Record testing result data；Described device includes TDI line scan cameras, industrial computer, display, train speed testing equipment, train driving mileage calculation device, GPS location instrument and light source assembly.Compared with prior art, the present invention has the advantages that accuracy of detection is high, image processing algorithm is simple, testing result is directly perceived.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of detection method and detection means based on image procossing, more particularly, to a kind of high speed dynamic
The method and device that real-time detection railway rail clip loosens.
Background technology
Rail fastener is the part for being used to be coupled rail and sleeper (or other types sub-rail foundation) on track, its work
With being that rail is fixed on sleeper, keep gauge and prevent rail that vertically and horizontally moving relative to sleeper occurs.Rail fastener
It is the important component for concerning railway security, if the loosening of circuit rail fastening, defect, rail cannot be completely fixed, so that
Cause train to be produced in way is run to jolt, or even derailing.
To the continuous generation percussion of rail when train passes through, cause rail that vibration occurs, the vibration of rail is by button
Part is transmitted to sleeper and roadbed.Bolt wherein on fastener, nut and spring are held due to the vibratory impulse that long-time bears high frequency
Be also easy to produce loosening, loosen it is serious in the case of just occur when vibrating and rock, or even fracture, come off loss.
Therefore need to carry out periodic detection to rail clip, at present, the inspection to common railway upper fastener relies primarily on people
The method of work inspection, this method needs a large amount of manpowers, and the rail track of long range causes that detection speed is low, security
Difference；In recent years, with the development of microelectric technique and computer technology, some automatic testing methods are also occurred in that, main collection
In detected using the missing of computer vision methods contacting piece, this detection method is fast with respect to manual method speed, imitate
Rate is high, but accuracy of detection is relatively low, and especially those are not lacked, but there occurs the fastener of serious loosening, can produce flase drop,
Detection leakage phenomenon.
From the point of view of summarizing, mainly 3 points of the automatic detection requirement of rail clip：At a high speed, efficiently, in high precision.Current detection
Method need to be improved in detection speed and accuracy of detection.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is exactly to provide that a kind of accuracy of detection is high, figure for the defect for overcoming above-mentioned prior art to exist
As Processing Algorithm is simple, the testing result method and device that intuitively high speed dynamic realtime detection railway rail clip loosens.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of method that high speed dynamic realtime detection railway rail clip loosens, the method carries out figure by TDI line scan cameras
As collection, and to judging whether that railway rail clip loosens after the image procossing of collection, specifically include following steps：
1) movement velocity and scanning line frequency of setting TDI line scan cameras are required according to detection；
2) TDI line scan cameras are synchronously scanned imaging to rail, and the image that will be gathered is passed by high-speed collection card
It is defeated by industrial computer；
3) industrial computer combination train movement velocity, collection position, temporal information determine that target need to be detected；
4) industrial computer carries out segmentation reduction to image, extracts fastener image, and carry out image preprocessing；
5) contacting piece image carries out Fourier transform, and carries out shifting function, so as to obtain fastener image spectrum；
6) the real-time fastener image spectrum for obtaining is compared with the intact fastener image spectrum of storage in industrial computer, is entered
Row defect recognition；
If 7) existing defects, industrial computer sends the warning that fastener loosens to display, and is given with reference to GPS location information
The position of trouble point；
8) testing result data are recorded, statistical forms is formed and is exported.
Described step 2) in TDI line scan cameras synchronously when being scanned imaging to rail, TDI line scan cameras are received
The train running speed and acceleration signal of train speed testing equipment output, the scan line of real-time adjustment TDI line scan cameras
Frequency and TDI integrate series.
Described step 4) in image preprocessing include image denoising, image deblurring treatment and image calibration.
The device that a kind of high speed dynamic realtime detection railway rail clip loosens, is fixedly mounted on train bottom, and the device includes
TDI line scan cameras, industrial computer, display, train speed testing equipment, train driving mileage calculation device, GPS location instrument and light
Source component, described TDI line scan cameras, industrial computer, display are sequentially connected, and described train speed testing equipment connects respectively
TDI line scan cameras and industrial computer are connect, described train driving mileage calculation device and GPS location instrument is connected with industrial computer, institute
The TDI line scan cameras and light source assembly stated are arranged on train bottom.
Fast image pick-up card is provided with described industrial computer.
Described TDI line scan cameras are provided with four sets, and distributing installation is in train bottom.
Described light source assembly includes imaging special light source and light testing equipment.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has advantages below：
1st, using the distinctive scan mode of TDI line scan cameras, with reference to image processing algorithm, the inspection that fastener loosens is realized
Survey；
2nd, due to sweeping camera using high speed TDI line drawing, it is possible to achieve at a high speed, high resolution scanning imaging, detection speed is fast,
Accuracy of detection is high；
3rd, image processing algorithm is simple, and amount of calculation is small, it is easy to accomplish real time handling requirement；
4th, due to using image detecting method, testing result is directly perceived, and the testing result to having a question can carry out image and return
Put, follow-up further image processing method can also be carried out and improve accuracy of detection, so as to confirm failure.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of the inventive method；
Fig. 2 is the operation principle schematic diagram of TDI line scan cameras；
Wherein, figure (a) is TDI line scan camera scan mode schematic diagrames, and figure (b) is TDI line scan cameras according to scanning
Direction imaging；
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of apparatus of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the scheme of installation of TDI line scan cameras of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.The present embodiment is with technical solution of the present invention
Premised on implemented, give detailed implementation method and specific operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to
Following embodiments.
The method that the present embodiment high speed dynamic realtime detection railway rail clip loosens is a kind of detection side based on image procossing
Method, rail clip image is obtained using TDI line scan cameras.The operation principle for being illustrated in figure 2 TDI line scan cameras is illustrated
Figure, using TDI CCD to same scenery multiexposure, multiple exposure and then cumulative characteristic, multiexposure, multiple exposure extends equivalent to the length of exposure
At least TDI integration stages several times, i.e.,：The time of total exposure duration=scanning single file × TDI integration series, this section of duration
Obviously extension is many again for the common line scan camera of identical line-scanning frequency, or even can reach, if herein
Period scenery produces shake due to loosening, it will cause institute substantially to be obscured into fastener image.This kind of motion blur image is due to spy
Different formation mechenism cause the feature of the image relative to do not loosen fastener image obtain feature have it is significantly different, such as it is right
The frequency spectrum that the image carries out Fourier transform acquisition will have typical feature, relative to without the fastener image for loosening
Frequency spectrum have notable difference, can detect problematic fastener by comparing.
As shown in figure 1, detection process specifically includes following steps：
1) movement velocity (km/h) and scanning line frequency (khz) of setting TDI line scan cameras are required according to detection；
2) TDI line scan cameras are synchronously scanned imaging to rail, and TDI line scan cameras receive train speed detection and set
The train running speed and acceleration signal of standby output, the scanning line frequency and TDI integration stages of real-time adjustment TDI line scan cameras
Number, it is ensured that the sweep speed of TDI line scan cameras and imaging system and the relative velocity stringent synchronization of scenery, and the figure that will be gathered
Industrial computer is painted as being transmitted by high-speed collection card；
3) industrial computer combination train movement velocity, collection position, temporal information etc. determine that target need to be detected；
4) in order to extract useful information, amount of calculation is reduced, industrial computer carries out segmentation reduction to image, extracts fastener image,
And carry out image preprocessing, including image denoising, removal due to video camera line scan speed and imaging system movement velocity not
With it is caused it is image blurring, find out the relation between image size and actual size and carry out image calibration etc.；
5) contacting piece image carries out Fourier transform, in order to spectral image becomes apparent from, it is easy to compare, to Fourier transform
Spectral image afterwards carries out shifting function, and the spectral image after being shifted carries out defect recognition as characteristics of image；
6) the real-time fastener image spectrum for obtaining is compared with the intact fastener image spectrum of storage in industrial computer, is entered
Row defect recognition；
If 7) existing defects, industrial computer sends the warning that fastener loosens to display, and is given with reference to GPS location information
The position of trouble point；
8) testing result data are recorded, statistical forms is formed and is exported, work can be played back for loosening fastener image
It is the artificial reference for participating in and judging.
As Figure 3-Figure 4, the device fixed installation that above-mentioned high speed dynamic realtime detection railway rail clip loosens method is implemented
In train bottom, the device includes TDI line scan cameras 1, industrial computer 2, display 3, train speed testing equipment 4, train row
Mileage calculation device 5, GPS location instrument 6 and light source assembly 7 are sailed, described TDI line scan cameras 1, industrial computer 2, display 3 are successively
Connection, described train speed testing equipment 4 connects TDI line scan cameras 1 and industrial computer 2 respectively, in described train driving
Journey calculator 5 and GPS location instrument 6 are connected with industrial computer 2, and described TDI line scan cameras 1 and light source assembly 7 is arranged on row
Underbody portion.
First be imaging device, i.e. high speed TDI line scan camera, with train operation track is carried out high speed dynamic scan into
Picture, camera parameter is selected according to train running speed, the requirement of image spatial resolution, and set meter systems can carry out work(
Can extend, in addition to detecting the loosening of fastener, the defect of fastener, backing plate missing/dislocation can also be carried out according to the image of collection
And the disease problem of other railway roadbed components etc..
The speed of service of train is v, and the line-scanning frequency of TDI line scan cameras is f, and TDI series is N, TDI lines scanning phase
Machine often gathers total length of exposure of a line image for T exposes, and correspondence spatial resolution is Rs, then scan phase according to TDI lines
The image-forming principle (as shown in Figure 2) of machine, calculating parameter is：
TExpose=(1/f) × N
Rs=v × (1/f)
Train running speed and acceleration in system will carry out real-time detection, so as to determine TDI lines according to testing result
The line-scanning frequency of scanning camera be f, it is ensured that train running speed is synchronous with line scan speed, at the same train running speed and add
The real-time detection result of speed can be also sent in industrial computer, if there is asynchronous, can carry out figure by image processing method
As restoration disposal, image deterioration problem reduce due to mismatching as far as possible caused by；
Light source assembly 7 includes imaging special light source 71 and light testing equipment 72, the detection ambient light of light testing equipment 72
Line, if natural light is sufficient, can cancel imaging special light source, if night or it is overcast and rainy detected, need to start into
As special light source, while according to light conditions when being imaged, adjusting the TDI series N of camera, it is ensured that rational exposure.
Imaging device is made up of four sets of identical imaging devices, as shown in figure 4, the respectively left left imaging device of rail, left rail
Right imaging device, the left imaging device of right rail, the right imaging device of right rail, imaging device camera lens down, are installed, four sets perpendicular to ground
Imaging device needs each a set of light source of configuration, but can share an industrial computer and display.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of method that high speed dynamic realtime detection railway rail clip loosens, it is characterised in that the method scans phase by TDI lines
Machine carries out IMAQ, and to judging whether that railway rail clip loosens after the image procossing of collection, specifically includes following steps：
1) movement velocity and scanning line frequency of setting TDI line scan cameras are required according to detection；
2) TDI line scan cameras are synchronously scanned imaging to rail, and it is defeated that TDI line scan cameras receive train speed testing equipment
The train running speed and acceleration signal for going out, scanning line frequency and TDI the integration series of real-time adjustment TDI line scan cameras, and
The image of collection is transferred to industrial computer by high-speed collection card；
3) industrial computer combination train movement velocity, collection position, temporal information determine that target need to be detected；
4) industrial computer carries out segmentation reduction to image, extracts fastener image, and carry out image preprocessing；
5) contacting piece image carries out Fourier transform, and carries out shifting function, so as to obtain fastener image spectrum；
6) the real-time fastener image spectrum for obtaining is compared with the intact fastener image spectrum of storage in industrial computer, is lacked
Fall into identification；
If 7) existing defects, industrial computer sends the warning that fastener loosens to display, and combination train driving mileage and GPS are fixed
Position information provides the position of trouble point；
8) testing result data are recorded, statistical forms is formed and is exported.
2. the method that a kind of high speed dynamic realtime detection railway rail clip according to claim 1 loosens, it is characterised in that institute
The step of stating 4) in image preprocessing include image denoising, image deblurring treatment and image calibration.
3. the method that a kind of high speed dynamic realtime detection railway rail clip according to claim 1 loosens, it is characterised in that institute
The TDI line scan cameras stated are provided with four sets, and distributing installation is in train bottom.
4. the method that a kind of high speed dynamic realtime detection railway rail clip according to claim 1 loosens, it is characterised in that institute
Fast image pick-up card is provided with the industrial computer stated.
5. the method that a kind of high speed dynamic realtime detection railway rail clip according to claim 1 loosens, it is characterised in that institute
The TDI integration series of the TDI line scan cameras stated includes that imaging is special by light source assembly adjust automatically, described light source assembly
Light source and light testing equipment, light testing equipment detection ambient light, judge whether ambient light is sufficient, if so, then cancelling
Imaging special light source, if it is not, then start imaging special light source, while according to light conditions when being imaged, adjusting TDI integration stages
Number.
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| CN104129404B true CN104129404B (en) | 2017-07-04 |
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