CN104122227A - Optical fiber refractive index sensor and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Optical fiber refractive index sensor and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104122227A CN104122227A CN201410367715.0A CN201410367715A CN104122227A CN 104122227 A CN104122227 A CN 104122227A CN 201410367715 A CN201410367715 A CN 201410367715A CN 104122227 A CN104122227 A CN 104122227A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical fiber sensing and provides a suspended core pohotonic crystal fiber refractive index sensor based on a four-wave mixing effect. The suspended core pohotonic crystal optical fiber refractive index sensor is composed of a high-power laser device, two half wave plates, a polarizer, a coupling lens, a suspended core pohotonic crystal optical fiber and a spectrograph. A covering layer of the suspended core pohotonic crystal optical fiber is provided with a plurality of air holes which are suspended at the periphery of a quartz fiber core through a sub-wavelength quartz arm; the fiber core of the fiber is small and the air holes of the covering layer are large; high nonlinear coefficient of the optical fiber is ensured, the length of the sensing optical fiber is reduced, and the air holes can be conveniently filled with liquid. Furthermore, the invention provides a manufacturing method of the suspended core pohotonic crystal fiber refractive index sensor based on the four-wave mixing effect; a zero dispersion wavelength of the suspended core pohotonic crystal fiber is close to a pumping wavelength so that generated Stokes waves and anti-Stokes waves are very sensitive to optical fiber dispersion and the refractive index sensing with the ultra-high sensitivity can be realized; the sensitivity can reach up to 105nm/RIU (Refractive Index Unit). The temperature crossing sensibility is avoided and the high-precision sensing measurement on reflective index micro-variables of the external environment is realized.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of optical fiber sensing, relate in particular to a kind of suspension core photonic crystal fiber index sensor and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Refractive index is an important physical parameter of material, at biochemical sensitive with in detecting, has great importance.With respect to other sensors, the advantage such as little, highly sensitive, the anti-electromagnetic interference (EMI) of optical fibre sensor structure, good insulating, corrosion-resistant and remote remote measurement, makes it in refractometry, have advantage to a certain degree.At present typical optic fibre refractive index sensor comprises: optical fiber surface plasmon resonance body (SPR) index sensor, fiber grating index sensor, the optic fibre refractive index sensor based on evanescent wave.These several optic fibre refractive index sensors are all the linear effects that utilizes optical fiber, and sensitivity is 10
4nm/RIU magnitude, for biochemistry detection, sensitivity needs to be further improved.In addition, these sensor fibres all need, through aftertreatment (such as optical fiber side throwing, grating inscription, optical fiber draw cone etc.), increased difficulty and the complicacy of sensor production, and sensor to be more fragile easily broken.
Four-wave mixing effect is four light waves caused nonlinear optical effect that interacts in medium.When two pumping wavelength frequencies are identical, be called degeneration four-wave mixing, two signal waves of the upper and lower frequency displacement of generation are called stokes wave and anti-Stokes wave.In the time of near pumping wavelength is positioned at zero-dispersion wavelength of fiber, easily meet phase-matching condition, produce four-wave mixing effect, and stokes wave and anti-Stokes wave very responsive to fibre-optical dispersion.When optical fiber structure (refractive index etc.) or external environment (temperature, pressure, pulling force, pressure etc.) generation subtle change, the zero-dispersion wavelength of optical fiber can change, thereby causes the stokes wave and the anti-Stokes wave wavelength that produce to drift about.By the drift situation of stokes wave or anti-Stokes wave, reflecting the variation of optical fiber structure or external environment, is exactly the Fibre Optical Sensor mechanism based on four-wave mixing effect.
In this field, Technical University Of Denmark has proposed to utilize the four-wave mixing effect in high non-linear photon crystal optical fiber to realize high sensitivity refractive index sensing.But its zero-dispersion wavelength of fiber adopting is not near the pumping wavelength of light source, and refractive index sensitivity needs to improve.In addition, the airport size of this kind of optical fiber is all very little, and the nonlinear factor of optical fiber is lower, and sensor fibre length is approximately 1 meter of left and right.When for refractive index sensing, mode that liquid can only adopt high-pressure pump to inject, several hours consuming time, could be filled into completely in the airport of optical fiber, reduced the practicality of this kind of sensor aspect biological detection.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of optic fibre refractive index sensor and preparation method thereof, be intended to solve optical fiber airport size little, the nonlinear factor of optical fiber is low, sensor fibre length is long, liquid is difficult for the problem of injection fibre airport, and further improves the sensitivity of sensor.
The present invention is achieved in that a kind of optic fibre refractive index sensor, and described optic fibre refractive index sensor comprises superpower laser, the first half-wave plate, the polarizer, the second half-wave plate, coupled lens, suspension core photonic crystal fiber and spectrometer along optical path direction;
Described suspension core photonic crystal fiber has covering and fibre core, wherein, in covering, have several and hang over fibre core ambient air hole by the quartzy arm sling of sub-wavelength, the aperture of described airport is greater than the core diameter of described fibre core, and is filled with testing liquid sample in described airport.
Further, the centre wavelength of described superpower laser is 1064nm, and pulse width is ns magnitude, repetition frequency <10KHz, peak power >10KW.
Further, described coupled lens enlargement factor is 20 times.
Further, described suspension core photonic crystal fiber core diameter <1 μ m, quartzy arm thickness <1 μ m, the aperture of airport is 20 μ m-30 μ m, it is circular or approaching circular that the number of airport and arrangement mode make core shape, and the zero-dispersion wavelength of optical fiber approaches pumping wavelength 1064nm.
Further, in described suspension core photonic crystal fiber airport, be fixed with biological membrane.
The present invention also provides a kind of method for making of optic fibre refractive index sensor, comprises the steps:
A. will hang core photonic crystal fiber two end-grain cutting flat, make stomatal opening, testing liquid sample will be filled in the airport that hangs core photonic crystal fiber covering; Described suspension core photonic crystal fiber has covering and fibre core, wherein, in covering, have several and hang over fibre core ambient air hole by the quartzy arm sling of sub-wavelength, and the aperture of described airport is greater than the core diameter of described fibre core, the zero-dispersion wavelength of optical fiber approaches pumping wavelength 1064nm;
B. along optical path direction successively by the first half-wave plate, the polarizer, the second half-wave plate, coupled lens, be filled with suspension core photonic crystal fiber after testing liquid sample and be fixed on adjustment rack with position relationship that can implementation space coupling, the first half-wave plate is connected with the mode of superpower laser by Space Coupling, and spectrometer is accessed to by connector in the one end that hangs core photonic crystal fiber.
The present invention compared with prior art, beneficial effect is: the suspension core photonic crystal fiber of employing, to be several airports hang over around silica core by the quartzy arm sling of sub-wavelength its covering, fiber core is little, covering airport is large, can guarantee that optical fiber high nonlinear coefficient shortens sensor fibre length, facilitates again the filling of liquid in airport.In addition, a kind of method for making of the suspension core photonic crystal fiber index sensor based on four-wave mixing effect is provided, owing to hanging the zero-dispersion wavelength of core photonic crystal fiber, be positioned near pumping wavelength, the stokes wave and the anti-Stokes wave that produce are very responsive to fibre-optical dispersion, can realize supersensitive refractive index sensing, sensitivity can be up to 10
5nm/RIU magnitude.And avoid temperature cross-sensitivity, realize the micro-variable high-precision sensing of environment refractive index to external world and measure.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of optic fibre refractive index sensor of providing of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the suspension core photonic crystal fiber cross sectional representation that the embodiment of the present invention provides.
Embodiment
In order to make technical matters to be solved by this invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect clearer, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein, only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
The embodiment of the present invention, by introducing optic fibre refractive index sensor as shown in Figure 1 and preparation method thereof, realizes the detection that liquid refractivity is changed.
The optic fibre refractive index sensor that the embodiment of the present invention provides comprises superpower laser, the first half-wave plate, the polarizer, the second half-wave plate, coupled lens, suspension core photonic crystal fiber and spectrometer along optical path direction; Described suspension core photonic crystal fiber has covering and fibre core, wherein, in covering, there are several and hang over fibre core ambient air hole by the quartzy arm sling of sub-wavelength, the aperture of described airport is greater than the core diameter of described fibre core, and in described airport, be filled with testing liquid sample, the zero-dispersion wavelength of optical fiber approaches pumping wavelength 1064nm.
The mode that superpower laser 1 transmits by space is inputted the first half-wave plate 2 by the laser of generation, then pass through the polarizer 3, the power of half-wave plate 2 and the polarizer 3 combined adjustable input light, through the adjustable input polarisation of light of the second half-wave plate 4 state, after coupled lens 5 amplifies, laser is coupled into and hangs core photonic crystal fiber 6 again, by spectrometer 7, detects output.In hanging core photonic crystal fiber, the refractive index of testing liquid changes, in spectrometer, stokes wave or anti-Stokes wave can drift about, by observing the drift value of stokes wave or anti-Stokes wave, and then deducibility goes out the variation of testing liquid refractive index.Wherein, above-mentioned coupled lens 5 can be selected suitable enlargement factor by coupling efficiency according to actual needs.
The centre wavelength of above-mentioned superpower laser is 1064nm, and pulse width is ns magnitude, repetition frequency <10KHz, peak power >10KW.
Above-mentioned superpower laser, can be femtosecond laser or high-capacity optical fiber laser, in lower average power situation, guarantees that input light peak power is greater than 10KW.
As described in Figure 2, for above-mentioned suspension core photonic crystal fiber, the core diameter <1 μ m of its fibre core 8, the thickness <1 μ m of quartzy arm 10, the aperture of airport 9 is 20 μ m-30 μ m, and the quartzy refractive index of background material 10 is 1.44 left and right, and it is circular that the number of airport and arrangement mode will guarantee that core shape approaches, avoid birefringence effect, the zero-dispersion wavelength of optical fiber approaches pumping wavelength 1064nm.
The size of the core diameter of the fibre core 8 of above-mentioned suspension core photonic crystal fiber, the size of airport 9, shape, number and arrangement mode are all adjustable, therefore can change as required optical fiber structure, and change the spectral characteristic of sensor.
Fixed biofilm in above-mentioned suspension core photonic crystal fiber airport, can be used as biology sensor.
Above-mentioned optic fibre refractive index sensor can adopt following method to make, and concrete steps are as follows:
A. will hang core photonic crystal fiber two end-grain cutting flat, make stomatal opening, can be by testing liquid sample Fast Filling to hanging in the airport of core photonic crystal fiber covering by capillarity; Described suspension core photonic crystal fiber has covering and fibre core, wherein, in covering, have several and hang over fibre core ambient air hole by the quartzy arm sling of sub-wavelength, and the aperture of described airport is greater than the core diameter of described fibre core, the zero-dispersion wavelength of optical fiber approaches pumping wavelength 1064nm;
B. along optical path direction successively by the first half-wave plate, the polarizer, the second half-wave plate, coupled lens, be filled with suspension core photonic crystal fiber after testing liquid sample and be fixed on adjustment rack with position relationship that can implementation space coupling, the first half-wave plate is connected with the mode of superpower laser by Space Coupling, and spectrometer is accessed to by connector in the one end that hangs core photonic crystal fiber.
The using method step of above-mentioned optic fibre refractive index sensor is as follows:
A. superpower laser is exported incident light, and after first half-wave plate and the polarizer, both combinations can regulate the power of incident light, avoid the excessive generation super continuous spectrums of incident power, flood four-wave mixing signal;
B. regulate second half-wave plate to control the polarization state of incident light;
C. observe the peak value size of stokes wave in spectrometer or anti-Stokes wave, adjust coupled lens and the position that hangs core photonic crystal fiber, make the peak value of stokes wave or anti-Stokes wave reach maximum; Described suspension core photonic crystal fiber has covering and fibre core, wherein, have several and hang over fibre core ambient air hole by the quartzy arm sling of sub-wavelength, and the aperture of described airport is greater than the core diameter of described fibre core in covering;
D. change the temperature of filling rear-mounted core photonic crystal fiber, can change the refractive index of liquid, cause spectrum in spectrometer to drift about, the drift of measuring wavelength can be found out the variation of liquid refractivity;
E. testing liquid sample detection is complete, and the mode that can utilize Ultrasonic Cleaning is carried out the cleaning of airport to hanging core photonic crystal fiber, so that the recycling of optical fiber.
Wherein, in optical fiber, produce four-wave mixing effect and need meet phase-matching condition and law of conservation of energy
Δk＝k
3+k
4-2k
1＝(n
3ω
3+n
4ω
4-2n
1ω
1)/c＝0
Wherein, △ k represents wave vector amount of mismatch, k
1, k
3, k
4be respectively the wave vector of pumping wave, stokes wave, anti-Stokes wave, n
1, n
3, n
4the refractive index that represents pumping wave, stokes wave, anti-Stokes wave, ω
1, ω
3, ω
4the frequency that represents pumping wave, stokes wave, anti-Stokes wave, c is the light velocity.
Wherein, by propagation constant β with zero-dispersion wavelength ω
0centered by Taylor expansion, phase-matching condition can be converted into:
Wherein, △ k represents wave vector amount of mismatch,
represent that propagation constant β is with zero-dispersion wavelength ω
0centered by Taylor expansion, m=2,4,6, in order to represent exponent number, Δ ω represents the frequency drift amount of Stokes or anti-Stokes, can be converted into wavelength shift, the nonlinear factor that γ is optical fiber, P represents pump power.
The drift of above-mentioned stokes wave and anti-Stokes wave and the dispersion in optical fiber have substantial connection.
Above-mentioned optic fibre refractive index sensor, when carrying out refractometry, in optical fiber, during liquid refractivity generation subtle change, the zero-dispersion wavelength of optical fiber can change, thereby the stokes wave and the anti-Stokes wave wavelength that cause four-wave mixing effect to produce drift about.Drift situation by stokes wave or anti-Stokes wave can tracer liquid refractive index variation.
The suspension core photonic crystal fiber that the present embodiment adopts, to be several airports hang over around silica core by the quartzy arm sling of sub-wavelength its covering, and fiber core is little, and covering airport is large, can guarantee that optical fiber high nonlinear coefficient shortens sensor fibre length, facilitates again the filling of liquid in airport.In addition, a kind of method for making of the suspension core photonic crystal fiber index sensor based on four-wave mixing effect is provided, owing to hanging the zero-dispersion wavelength of core photonic crystal fiber, be positioned near pumping wavelength, the stokes wave and the anti-Stokes wave that produce are very responsive to fibre-optical dispersion, can realize supersensitive refractive index sensing, sensitivity can be up to 10
5nm/RIU magnitude.And avoid temperature cross-sensitivity, realize the micro-variable high-precision sensing of environment refractive index to external world and measure.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any modifications of doing within the spirit and principles in the present invention, be equal to and replace and improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. an optic fibre refractive index sensor, is characterized in that, described optic fibre refractive index sensor comprises superpower laser, the first half-wave plate, the polarizer, the second half-wave plate, coupled lens, suspension core photonic crystal fiber and spectrometer along optical path direction;
Described suspension core photonic crystal fiber has covering and fibre core, wherein, in covering, have several and hang over fibre core ambient air hole by the quartzy arm sling of sub-wavelength, the aperture of described airport is greater than the core diameter of described fibre core, and is filled with testing liquid sample in described airport.
2. optic fibre refractive index sensor as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the centre wavelength of described superpower laser is 1064nm, and pulse width is ns magnitude, repetition frequency <10KHz, peak power >10KW.
3. optic fibre refractive index sensor as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described coupled lens enlargement factor is 20 times.
4. optic fibre refractive index sensor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described suspension core photonic crystal fiber core diameter <1 μ m, quartzy arm thickness <1 μ m, the aperture of airport is 20 μ m-30 μ m, it is circular or approaching circular that the number of airport and arrangement mode make core shape, and the zero-dispersion wavelength of optical fiber approaches pumping wavelength 1064nm.
5. optic fibre refractive index sensor as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in described suspension core photonic crystal fiber airport, is fixed with biological membrane.
6. a method for making for optic fibre refractive index sensor, comprises the steps:
A. will hang core photonic crystal fiber two end-grain cutting flat, make stomatal opening, testing liquid sample will be filled in the airport that hangs core photonic crystal fiber covering; Described suspension core photonic crystal fiber has covering and fibre core, wherein, have several and hang over fibre core ambient air hole by the quartzy arm sling of sub-wavelength, and the aperture of described airport is greater than the core diameter of described fibre core in covering;
B. along optical path direction successively by the first half-wave plate, the polarizer, the second half-wave plate, coupled lens, be filled with suspension core photonic crystal fiber after testing liquid sample and be fixed on adjustment rack with position relationship that can implementation space coupling, the first half-wave plate is connected with the mode of superpower laser by Space Coupling, and spectrometer is accessed to by connector in the one end that hangs core photonic crystal fiber.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN104655525A (en) * | 2015-01-22 | 2015-05-27 | 李学金 | Specific gravity hydrometer |
| CN107064098A (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2017-08-18 | 中国计量大学 | Toluene ethanol fibre optical sensor based on Raman scattering evanscent field |
| CN109655434A (en) * | 2019-02-22 | 2019-04-19 | 东北大学 | A kind of optical fiber LMR sensor of measuring multiple parameters |
| RU2685754C1 (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2019-04-23 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки "Федеральный исследовательский центр "Казанский научный центр Российской академии наук" | Method for determining refraction index of medium |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104655525A (en) * | 2015-01-22 | 2015-05-27 | 李学金 | Specific gravity hydrometer |
| CN107064098A (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2017-08-18 | 中国计量大学 | Toluene ethanol fibre optical sensor based on Raman scattering evanscent field |
| CN107064098B (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2023-12-05 | 中国计量大学 | Toluene-ethanol optical fiber sensor based on Raman scattering evanescent field |
| RU2685754C1 (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2019-04-23 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки "Федеральный исследовательский центр "Казанский научный центр Российской академии наук" | Method for determining refraction index of medium |
| CN109655434A (en) * | 2019-02-22 | 2019-04-19 | 东北大学 | A kind of optical fiber LMR sensor of measuring multiple parameters |
| CN109655434B (en) * | 2019-02-22 | 2024-01-26 | 东北大学 | Optical fiber LMR sensor for multi-parameter measurement |
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