CN104093009B - Video transmission method based on network utility in wireless self-organization network - Google Patents
Video transmission method based on network utility in wireless self-organization network Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses the video transmission methods based on network utility in a kind of wireless self-organization network, belong to transmission of video correlative technology field in wireless self-organization network.This approach includes the following steps：First, by distributed transmission rate and reliability optimization strategy based on price, the tradeoff between business transmission rate, reliability and network congestion is realized；Secondly, user gradation is combined with type of service and the rule of thumb priority of specified services；Then, the admission control and congestion control scheme of priority are formulated；Finally, the transmission of video model based on network utility is proposed.The method of the invention can effectively improve video transmission quality.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of communication technology, it is related to the relevant technologies such as transmission of video in wireless self-organization network, especially relates to
And a kind of video transmission method based on network utility in wireless self-organization network.
Background technology
The path for needing larger bandwidth when real-time video transmits in a network and stablizing, it is very quick to time delay and packet loss
Sense, this is a challenge for the wireless self-organization network of Bandwidth-Constrained, network topology dynamic change.How limited band is utilized
Wide resource transmits more multiple video strems, and video quality declines caused by how coping with network topology change and wireless path loss etc.
How problem in the transmission rate of acentric network central control video flowing avoids network congestion, is all wireless self-organization network
In transmission of video problem to be solved.
Currently, being concentrated mainly on Video coding to the research of transmission of video in wireless self-organization network both at home and abroad, multipath passes
How defeated, multicast transmission and cross-layer video transmission method, the high efficiency of transmission of video is realized from the point of view of business, is ignored mostly
Network can be the QoS support that transmission provide.The high-quality transmission of business needs a stable link and sufficient network
Resource, however the network topology dynamic change of wireless self-organization network, Internet resources are extremely limited, can not be provided for business high-quality
Service, how to be fully to carry to promote network resource utilization come more effectively transmission data using limited Internet resources
The premise ensured for QoS.
Consider that the final goal for the wireless self-organization network built based on a certain purpose is provided to preferably service user,
User can use the business of network transmission more, and the resource utilization of network is bigger, and the effectiveness that network plays is bigger.It is filling
While point using Internet resources, to avoid causing network congestion so as to cause network paralysis, this need data transmission rate with
Weighed between network congestion so that network utility maximizes.
Because of network resource conditions dynamic change, video quality also can suitably change under the premise of user is acceptable.
In order to effectively utilize Internet resources, it can suitably increase the transmission rate of video in the link of no congestion, improve video quality.
When congestion occurs for network, elimination congestion should be sent by reducing the even interruption of video transmission rate, promote the robust of network
Property.
Invention content
In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide the video biographies based on network utility in a kind of wireless self-organization network
Transmission method, this method can effectively improve video transmission quality.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions：
Video transmission method based on network utility in a kind of wireless self-organization network, includes the following steps：First, pass through
Distributed transmission rate based on price and reliability optimization strategy, realize business transmission rate, reliability and network congestion it
Between tradeoff；Secondly, user gradation is combined with type of service and the rule of thumb priority of specified services；Then, it formulates excellent
The admission control and congestion control scheme of first grade；Finally, the transmission of video model based on network utility is proposed.
Distributed transmission rate described further based on price and reliability optimization strategy, each source node are responsible for solution
Source optimization problem and update reliability price, each of the links are responsible for solving link optimizing problem and update congestion price, and link is excellent
Change problem is divided into as link-layer optimization problem and physical layer optimization problem.
λs(t)=∑l∈L(s)λl,s(t) the end-to-end congestion price of the t times iteration, R are indicateds(t)=1- ∑sl∈L(s)El
(rl,s(t)) be the t times iteration end-to-end reliability, λl,sIt is the price for flowing s and using link l per unit rates, μsIt is that stream s is every
Unit reliability needs to pay the price of network, xsTo flow the transmission rate of s, RsTo flow the reliability of s.
Source executes following steps：
1) the message λ that network-feedback is returned is receiveds(t) and Rs(t)；
2) the reliability price that last iteration is obtained, i.e., the μ in current iterations(t) following formula is substituted into
maximize U's(x's,Rs)-λs(t)x's-μs(t)Rs
s.t.x's min≤x's≤x's max
Obtain the transmission rate x' of data flow ss(t+1)；
3) μ is utilizeds(t+1)=[μs(t)-β(t)(Rs(t)-Rs(t))]+Obtain what user needed to pay for reliability requirement
Price μs(t+1)；
4) x's(t+1) and μs(t+1) all link l ∈ L (s) that stream s passes through are sent to.
Link l executes following steps：
1) the information x' of the transmission of all s ∈ S (l) is receiveds(t) and μs(t)；
2) the congestion price that last iteration is obtained, i.e., the λ in current iterationl,s(t) following formula is substituted into solve
The transmission capacity c of s can be distributed to by obtaining ll,s(t+1)；
3) λl,s(t) and the μ that receivess(t) following formula is substituted into solve
maximizeλl,s(t)logrl,s-μs(t)El(rl,s)
s.t. 0≤rl,s≤ 1, s ∈ S (l)
Obtain code check r of the physical layer for stream sl,s(t+1)；
4) following formula is utilized to solve
λl,s(t+1)=[λl,s(t)-β(t)(logcl,s(t)+logrl,s(t)-x's(t))]+
=[λl,s(t)-β(t)(logcl,s(t)+logrl,s(t)-logxs(t))]+,s∈S(l)
Obtain the congestion price λ of link ll,s(t+1)；
5) λl,s(t+1) and rl,s(t+1) all stream s ∈ S (l) using link l are sent to.
It is described further to consider that the traffic differentiation of user gradation includes：General service differentiating method is only limited to pass through business
Type delimit different priority to obtain different transmission services, present invention is mainly applied to emergency communication command schedulings
Scene in, this application scenarios generally comprise three classes terminal node, i.e., the stationary nodes of fixed command post, mobile command vehicle
Individual soldier's node of vehicle-mounted node and mobile terminal.The connection between terminal node is realized in the way of self-organizing, any one
Terminal node can realize independent commander, play the effect of command centre, and during command scheduling, the grade of user influences
To the importance of business, may be differed so as to cause the priority of same type business.Such as in military environments, in network
The word message of middle commanding's publication may be more important than the video that general soldier sends, if according to general service area
Point, network can sacrifice the transmission of low priority word message to ensure the transmission of high priority video, and certainly not network is built for this
If purpose.
Consider that the traffic differentiation of user gradation executes following steps：According to delay sensitive degree, business is divided into conversation class
(CC), four type of Streaming Media class (SC), interactive class (IC) and background classes (BC), from background classes to interactive class to Streaming Media class to
Conversation class, delay sensitive degree successively increase.Differentiated Services DiffServ (Differenciated Service) model into
The message for entering network is classified, and preceding 6 in (TOS, Type Of Service) field are identified with IP packet head service type
Bit distinguishes the priority of message in network, this 6 bits are referred to as DSCP (Differentiated Services Code
Point) value, value range are 0~63.Emergency communication command scheduling network environment is considered, according to the important of the user in network
Property, with abundant command information, realize dock with other departments, the stationary nodes with higher-security are defined as advanced use
Family (H grades), the energy is sufficient, mobility is strong vehicle-mounted node definition are intermediate users (M grades), flexibility is strong, function is minimum
Individual soldier's node definition be less advanced users (L grades), all users can send tetra- kinds of business of CC, SC, IC, BC.To DiffServ
DSCP formats in model are rewritten, and introduce user gradation, are distinguished with the first three bits of DSCP values, 100 represent advanced use
Family, 010 represents intermediate users, and 001 represents less advanced users, comes differentiated service type, 100 representative conference using rear three bit of DSCP
Class is talked about, 010 represents Streaming Media class, and 001 represents interactive class, and 000 represents background classes, and different DSCP values correspond to different user classes
Other and different business.
The significance level of business can not accurately be indicated by being classified to business according to the sensibility to time delay, need basis
Actual application scenarios and current network environment assess the priority of business transmission.If business transmission contain much information and
The Internet resources of consuming are few, then this business is just high to the utilization rate of Internet resources.In addition, being limited in Internet resources wireless
It in self-organizing network, needs reasonably to distribute Internet resources according to the demand of user, to meet the needs of user is to network.Under
Face is rule of thumb 12 kinds of delineation of activities priority of the user of three ranks, as shown in table 1.
1 service priority of table divides
| DCSP values | Type of service | Priority |
| 100001 | H-IC | 1 |
| 010001 | M-IC | 2 |
| 001001 | L-IC | 3 |
| 100100 | H-CC | 4 |
| 010010 | M-SC | 5 |
| 001010 | L-SC | 6 |
| 010100 | M-CC | 7 |
| 001100 | L-CC | 8 |
| 100010 | H-SC | 9 |
| 100000 | H-BC | 10 |
| 010000 | M-BC | 11 |
| 001000 | L-BC | 12 |
Order publication, command response wherein between IC business finger joint point etc. can efficiently instruct the business of user behavior, CC industry
Business refers to the business such as voice communication, video conference, and SC business refers to the less high streaming media service of the delay requirements such as transmission of video images,
BC business refers to the business such as file transmission, database update.Table 1 is the warp summed up in emergency communication command scheduling network environment
Priority allocation scheme is tested, the interactive service that 1-3 priority is set as between user is because of the Internet resources that this kind of business occupies
It is few, it is usually intermittent, it does not need network and reserves resource for it, and can effectively be commanded, even if in network environment ten
It can also be transmitted in the case of dividing badly.4-6 is distributed according to the importance in practical application, commanding at stationary nodes
It is issued and is ordered by voice (H-CC), the video image (M-SC, L-SC) at scene is sent to finger by vehicle-mounted node and individual soldier's node
Personnel are waved, these business need to occupy more Internet resources, but abundant auxiliary information can be provided for commanding and decision-making.In network
In the case of in order, M-CC make user with L-CC between exchange more direct convenience, therefore the excellent of them is respectively set
First grade is 7 and 8.Stationary nodes need not generally send the video image of command centre, therefore lower priority is arranged in H-SC.
BC classes business provides additional information for command scheduling, and commanding and decision-making is not interfered with when lacking, and priority is minimum.
Bandwidth estimation described further and management, the available bandwidth in the transmission and path of business is in close relations, uses one
Item meets the path of service bandwidth requirement to transmit the quality that can effectively ensure business.Node in network is periodically estimated
Local available bandwidth is counted, can be sent for the data of this section point and forwarding provides adjustment foundation, avoided to a certain extent
The appearance of network congestion, while ensureing that the transmission for having business is unaffected.
IEEE802.11 agreements based on MAC layer, node can calculate channel usage by the busy-idle condition of monitor channel
Rate calculates available bandwidth using channel capacity and utilization rate.Channel utilization R in sampling period T can have following formula to obtain
It arrives：
In order to reduce the error of estimated value, smoothing factor α ∈ [0,1] are introduced, sampled value and history estimated value are weighted phase
Add, obtains current channel utilization：
Rt=α Rt-1+(1-α)R Rt∈[0,1]
Available bandwidth of the node in moment t be：
Wt=β C (1-Rt) β∈(0,1)
Wherein C is channel capacity (802.11 radio channel capacities of IEEE are 2Mbps), and β is Environmental Factors, is indicated
The channel capacity influenced by actual environment is less than theoretical value.
In addition, the rate that business is transmitted in a network between minimum bandwidth requirement and maximum bandwidth demand, is less than most
Small bandwidth demand cannot be guaranteed the quality of business, and will not significantly promote service quality higher than maximum bandwidth demand wastes instead
Internet resources.Here this concept of the elastic bandwidth of introducing, to indicate the difference of service transmission rate and the total minimum essential requirement bandwidth of business
Value, while ensureing that original business transmits minimum requirements, it is that Internet resources are insufficient to discharge elastic bandwidth to be included into available bandwidth
When data transmission provide may.Bandwidth information table is established to record the bandwidth use information for the Business Stream for flowing through node, such as table 2
It is shown.
2 bandwidth information table of table
Admission control described further, CC business and SC business datum amounts are big, the duration is long can be for a long time during transmission
Occupy Internet resources.Higher service quality is obtained when in order to enable business to transmit in a network, source node receives transmission request
When enough Internet resources are judged whether by admission control module to ensure the transmission of business, execute following steps：
(1) business initiates transmission request, it is necessary first to which traffic differentiation module classifies to business, is then directed to different
Type of service carries out admission control, and the business of 1-3 priority can be transmitted directly, and the business of 4-9 priority needs to send detection
Request bag finds a path for meeting minimum bandwidth requirement, and the business through-rate control module of 10-12 priority is directly sent out
It send；
(2) admission control module judge first source node can bandwidth allocation whether meet the minimum essential requirement bandwidth of business,
Can bandwidth allocation include available bandwidth and elastic bandwidth.If it is satisfied, then executing step 3.If conditions are not met, thening follow the steps
(4)；
(3) it sends probe request to destination node and carrys out the available bandwidth information on acquisition approach, wrapped in probe request
Containing type of service and minimum essential requirement bandwidth field；
(4) so judge other business less than the service priority minimum available bandwidth and node can bandwidth allocation it
Whether meet bandwidth demand, if it is satisfied, also sending probe request to destination node, otherwise refuses service access；
(5) when intermediate node receives probe request, the type of service and minimum essential requirement bandwidth in probe request are obtained
Field, judge this node it is current can bandwidth allocation whether be more than minimum essential requirement bandwidth, if it does, directly forwarding probe requests thereby
Packet.If it is less, judgement less than other business of the service priority minimum available bandwidth and node can bandwidth allocation it
Whether meet bandwidth demand, if it is satisfied, also forwarding probe request to destination node, otherwise replys source node and refuse business
Access；
(6) after destination node receives probe request, it is also desirable to judge whether the bandwidth resources of this node meet business
It receives, if it is satisfied, response detected packet is replied to source node, and the type of service and minimum essential requirement bandwidth in probe request
Bandwidth information table is added, if necessary to the elastic bandwidth of existing business release in bandwidth information table, then from the minimum industry of priority
Business starts release until meeting minimum bandwidth requirement, if can bandwidth allocation be less than minimum essential requirement bandwidth, it is minimum from priority
Business start interrupting service transmission discharge resource until meeting minimum bandwidth requirement；
(7) intermediate node receives response detected packet, bandwidth information table equally is added in business information, and carry out a series of
Measure provides enough bandwidth for new access service；
(8) after source node receives response detected packet, bandwidth information table is added in business information, the transmission request accepted business
And start transmission data.
As seen from the above analysis, standard whether admission control module is using bandwidth resources as business admission, passes through
Utilization to elastic bandwidth and priority, realizes the transmission of more more important services as far as possible, while ensureing business transmission most
Small bandwidth demand.
Congestion control described further, under the premise of service quality can be easily accepted by a user, the transmission rate of business can
To change in a certain range.Such as in admission control flow, business occupancy is discharged by reducing the transmission rate of business
Elastic bandwidth promote the business that user receives by increasing the transmission rate of business and when network available resource is more
Quality.
In business transmission process, business is carried out with reliability optimization strategy using the distributed transmission rate based on price
Transmission rate, the coordination between reliability and network available resource, realize the maximization of network utility.Distribution based on price
Formula transmission rate can utilize Internet resources to greatest extent with reliability optimization strategy, and adaptive according to network congestion
The transmission rate and reliability requirement of business should be adjusted, but since the interference of Radio Link or the variation of network topology structure can not
What is avoided will appear network congestion, when node perceived is to the bandwidth information table of itself when network congestion, is first checked for, to priority
Minimum business sends congestion notification, and notice source node reduces transmission rate, discharges elastic bandwidth.If it is existing not eliminate congestion also
As then the business for continuing the higher priority into bandwidth information table sends congestion notification to discharge elastic bandwidth.If all
Elastic bandwidth all discharged and do not eliminate congestion also, then gradually sending congestion interrupt message since the business of lowest priority
Notify the transmission of corresponding source node interrupting service until eliminating network congestion.After source node receives congestion notification, business is reduced
Transmission rate, but ensure that the minimum essential requirement bandwidth of business illustrates the transmission meeting of business after source node receives congestion interrupt message
Aggravation network congestion and receiving terminal, which differ, surely receives enough correct data packets to restore data, at this moment the biography of interrupting service
It is defeated to discharge occupied Internet resources, after business Transmission, source node can re-initiate probe request and in addition seek
Look for a path for meeting minimum bandwidth requirement.
The main thought of above-mentioned congestion control mechanism be when network congestion occurs the transmission of non-interrupting service as possible to reach
To the purpose for eliminating congestion, if congestion can't be eliminated, select to sacrifice low priority traffice to ensure high-priority service
Transmission.
Transmission of video model described further, in order to ensure transmission of the video data in wireless self-organization network, herein
It can be the guarantee behavior that transmission provides to have studied network.First, the influence of user gradation is introduced into business classification,
On the basis of the classification of 3GPP business, the corresponding all kinds of business of different brackets user are rule of thumb carried out priority division, therefore
Source node needs traffic differentiation module classify and priority-labeled to the business of access.Then, bandwidth estimation side is had studied
Method, setting bandwidth information table manage the bandwidth use information of each business, propose the concept of elastic bandwidth, are the access of more business
There is provided may, therefore each node needs bandwidth management module to be responsible for periodically estimating accounting for for locally available bandwidth and business
With bandwidth, and the elastic bandwidth of management business, these data are all recorded in bandwidth information table.Then before having studied transmission of video
Request receive process, according to service priority, node by pair can bandwidth allocation and low priority traffice occupied bandwidth come
Judge whether that transmission request, admission control process is received to meet the path of bandwidth demand by sending probe request searching,
Do not influence have the transmission that high-priority service is ensured in the case that business is transmitted as possible, these are in admission control module, band
It is completed under the collaboration of wide management module and Rate control module.The finally network congestion to being likely encountered in video transmitting procedure
Situation is analyzed, and proposes to reduce with reliability optimization policy control transmission rate using the distributed transmission rate based on price
The possibility that congestion occurs loses priority service to ensure the normal biography of high-priority service when congestion occurs by sacrifice
Defeated, this needs congestion control module and Rate control module to combine completion.
Assume the utility function U of business in fronts(xs,Rs) in xsAnd RsOn be increased continuously, the data of Business Stream s are sent
Rate limit is in minimum valueAnd maximum valueBetween, and with minimum reliability requirementIf network cannot
Meet the minimum transmission rate of businessOr minimum reliability requirementWhen, then the effectiveness that user sends business is zero,
The Internet resources of as traffic assignments there is no any income.Therefore, it in the design of admission control and congestion control, reduces
Has the transmission rate of business to receive the transmission of more business, although reducing the network utility of existing business, new business
Access increase the overall utility of network.
On the basis of these researchs, set forth herein a kind of transmission of video model based on network utility is ensureing video
While business transmission requirement, the video interactive between more nodes can be realized.
The model determines the target that QoS is ensured in wireless self-organization network, since the business occupancy of 1-3 priority is less
Internet resources, which serves primarily in the transmission of the business such as the voice of 4-9 priority, video, and the object function of model can
To be expressed as：
UN=α T+ β Cvs
U in formulaNIndicate that network utility, T indicate network throughput, CvsIndicate that the quantity of video flowing in network, α and β are shadow
Ring the factor.For above-mentioned formula it is meant that video flowing is more in the equal network of handling capacity, network utility is bigger.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：The method of the invention can be realized while ensureing video transmission quality
Video interactive between more nodes.
Description of the drawings
In order to keep the purpose of the present invention, technical solution and advantageous effect clearer, the present invention provides following attached drawing and carries out
Explanation：
Fig. 1 is that video quality mode nodes ' behavior describes schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is distributed transmission rate and reliability optimization policy map based on price；
Fig. 3 is admission control process schematic.
Specific implementation mode
Below in conjunction with attached drawing, the preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail.
Fig. 1 be video quality mode nodes ' behavior schematic diagram is described, below will to the preferred embodiment of the present invention into
The detailed description of row.
Distributed transmission rate based on price and reliability optimization strategy：
Each source node is responsible for solving source optimization problem and updates reliability price, and each of the links are responsible for solving link optimizing
Problem and update congestion price, link optimizing problem is divided into as link-layer optimization problem and physical layer optimization problem, such as 2 institute of attached drawing
Show.
λs(t)=∑l∈L(s)λl,s(t) the end-to-end congestion price of the t times iteration, R are indicateds(t)=1- ∑sl∈L(s)El
(rl,s(t)) be the t times iteration end-to-end reliability, λl,sIt is the price for flowing s and using link l per unit rates, μsIt is that stream s is every
Unit reliability needs to pay the price of network, xsTo flow the transmission rate of s, RsTo flow the reliability of s.Source executes following step
Suddenly：
(1) the message λ that network-feedback is returned is receiveds(t) and Rs(t)；
(2) the reliability price that last iteration is obtained, i.e., the μ in current iterations(t) following formula is substituted into
maximize U's(x's,Rs)-λs(t)x's-μs(t)Rs
s.t.x's min≤x's≤x's max
Obtain the transmission rate x' of data flow ss(t+1)；
(3) μ is utilizeds(t+1)=[μs(t)-β(t)(Rs(t)-Rs(t))]+User is obtained to need to pay for reliability requirement
Price μs(t+1)；
(4) x's(t+1) and μs(t+1) all link l ∈ L (s) that stream s passes through are sent to.
Link l executes following steps：
(1) the information x' of the transmission of all s ∈ S (l) is receiveds(t) and μs(t)；
(2) the congestion price that last iteration is obtained, i.e., the λ in current iterationl,s(t) following formula is substituted into solve
The transmission capacity c of s can be distributed to by obtaining ll,s(t+1)；
(3) λl,s(t) and the μ that receivess(t) following formula is substituted into solve
maximize λl,s(t)logrl,s-μs(t)El(rl,s)
s.t. 0≤rl,s≤ 1, s ∈ S (l)
Obtain code check r of the physical layer for stream sl,s(t+1)；
(4) following formula is utilized to solve
λl,s(t+1)=[λl,s(t)-β(t)(logcl,s(t)+logrl,s(t)-x's(t))]+
=[λl,s(t)-β(t)(logcl,s(t)+logrl,s(t)-logxs(t))]+,s∈S(l)
Obtain the congestion price λ of link ll,s(t+1)；
(5) λl,s(t+1) and rl,s(t+1) all stream s ∈ S (l) using link l are sent to.
Consider the service differentiating method of user gradation：
According to delay sensitive degree, business is divided into conversation class (CC), Streaming Media class (SC), interactive class (IC) and background classes
(BC) four type, to Streaming Media class to conversation class from background classes to interactive class, delay sensitive degree successively increases.Differentiated Services
DiffServ (Differenciated Service) models classify the message for entering network, are serviced with IP packet head
Preceding 6 bit in classification logotype (TOS, Type Of Service) field distinguishes the priority of message in network, this 6 ratios
Spy is referred to as DSCP (Differentiated Services Code Point) value, and value range is 0~63.Consider emergent logical
Command scheduling network environment is believed, according to the importance of the user in network, with abundant command information, realization and other departments
Docking, the stationary nodes with higher-security are defined as advanced level user's (H grades), the energy is sufficient, mobility is strong vehicle-mounted section
Point is defined as intermediate users (M grades), and flexibility is strong, function is minimum individual soldier's node definition is less advanced users (L grades), and institute is useful
Family can send tetra- kinds of business of CC, SC, IC, BC.DSCP formats in DiffServ models are rewritten, user etc. is introduced
Grade, is distinguished with the first three bits of DSCP values, and 100 represent advanced level user, and 010 represents intermediate users, and 001 represents less advanced users,
Carry out differentiated service type using rear three bit of DSCP, 100 represent conversation class, and 010 represents Streaming Media class, and 001 represents interactive class,
000 represents background classes, and different DSCP values correspond to different user class and different business.
The significance level of business can not accurately be indicated by being classified to business according to the sensibility to time delay, need basis
Actual application scenarios and current network environment assess the priority of business transmission.If business transmission contain much information and
The Internet resources of consuming are few, then this business is just high to the utilization rate of Internet resources.In addition, being limited in Internet resources wireless
It in self-organizing network, needs reasonably to distribute Internet resources according to the demand of user, to meet the needs of user is to network.Under
Face is rule of thumb 12 kinds of delineation of activities priority of the user of three ranks, as shown in table 1.
Bandwidth estimation and management method：
Available bandwidth in the transmission and path of business is in close relations, and the path for meeting service bandwidth requirement using one is come
Transmission can effectively ensure the quality of business.Node in network periodically estimates local available bandwidth, can be this
The data of node are sent and forwarding provides adjustment foundation, avoid the appearance of network congestion to a certain extent, while ensureing
There is the transmission of business unaffected.
IEEE802.11 agreements based on MAC layer, node can calculate channel usage by the busy-idle condition of monitor channel
Rate calculates available bandwidth using channel capacity and utilization rate.Channel utilization R in sampling period T can have following formula to obtain
It arrives：
In order to reduce the error of estimated value, smoothing factor α ∈ [0,1] are introduced, sampled value and history estimated value are weighted phase
Add, obtains current channel utilization：
Rt=α Rt-1+(1-α)R Rt∈[0,1]
Available bandwidth of the node in moment t be：
Wt=β C (1-Rt) β∈(0,1)
Wherein C is channel capacity (802.11 radio channel capacities of IEEE are 2Mbps), and β is Environmental Factors, is indicated
The channel capacity influenced by actual environment is less than theoretical value.
In addition, the rate that business is transmitted in a network between minimum bandwidth requirement and maximum bandwidth demand, is less than most
Small bandwidth demand cannot be guaranteed the quality of business, and will not significantly promote service quality higher than maximum bandwidth demand wastes instead
Internet resources.Here this concept of the elastic bandwidth of introducing, to indicate the difference of service transmission rate and the total minimum essential requirement bandwidth of business
Value, while ensureing that original business transmits minimum requirements, it is that Internet resources are insufficient to discharge elastic bandwidth to be included into available bandwidth
When data transmission provide may.Bandwidth information table is established to record the bandwidth use information for the Business Stream for flowing through node, such as table 2
It is shown.
Admission control scheme：
CC business and SC business datum amounts are big, the duration is long, can occupy Internet resources for a long time during transmission.In order to make
Business can obtain higher service quality when transmitting in a network, source node is sentenced when receiving transmission request by admission control module
Break and ensure the transmission of business with the presence or absence of enough Internet resources, as shown in Fig. 3, executes following steps：
(1) business initiates transmission request, it is necessary first to which traffic differentiation module classifies to business, is then directed to different
Type of service carries out admission control, and the business of 1-3 priority can be transmitted directly, and the business of 4-9 priority needs to send detection
Request bag finds a path for meeting minimum bandwidth requirement, and the business through-rate control module of 10-12 priority is directly sent out
It send；
(2) admission control module judge first source node can bandwidth allocation whether meet the minimum essential requirement bandwidth of business,
Can bandwidth allocation include available bandwidth and elastic bandwidth.If it is satisfied, then executing step (3).If conditions are not met, thening follow the steps
(4)；
(3) it sends probe request to destination node and carrys out the available bandwidth information on acquisition approach, wrapped in probe request
Containing type of service and minimum essential requirement bandwidth field；
(4) so judge other business less than the service priority minimum available bandwidth and node can bandwidth allocation it
Whether meet bandwidth demand, if it is satisfied, also sending probe request to destination node, otherwise refuses service access；
(5) when intermediate node receives probe request, the type of service and minimum essential requirement bandwidth in probe request are obtained
Field, judge this node it is current can bandwidth allocation whether be more than minimum essential requirement bandwidth, if it does, directly forwarding probe requests thereby
Packet.If it is less, judgement less than other business of the service priority minimum available bandwidth and node can bandwidth allocation it
Whether meet bandwidth demand, if it is satisfied, also forwarding probe request to destination node, otherwise replys source node and refuse business
Access；
(6) after destination node receives probe request, it is also desirable to judge whether the bandwidth resources of this node meet business
It receives, if it is satisfied, response detected packet is replied to source node, and the type of service and minimum essential requirement bandwidth in probe request
Bandwidth information table is added, if necessary to the elastic bandwidth of existing business release in bandwidth information table, then from the minimum industry of priority
Business starts release until meeting minimum bandwidth requirement, if can bandwidth allocation be less than minimum essential requirement bandwidth, it is minimum from priority
Business start interrupting service transmission discharge resource until meeting minimum bandwidth requirement；
(7) intermediate node receives response detected packet, bandwidth information table equally is added in business information, and carry out a series of
Measure provides enough bandwidth for new access service；
(8) after source node receives response detected packet, bandwidth information table is added in business information, the transmission request accepted business
And start transmission data；
Congestion control scheme：
(1) when node perceived is to when network congestion, first checking for the bandwidth information table of itself, the business minimum to priority
Congestion notification is sent, notice source node reduces transmission rate, discharges elastic bandwidth；
(2) if not eliminating congestion phenomenon also, the business transmission for continuing the higher priority into bandwidth information table is gathered around
Plug notice is to discharge elastic bandwidth；
(3) if all elastic bandwidth, which have all discharged, is not eliminated congestion also, gradually from the business of lowest priority
Starting transmission congestion interrupt message notifies the transmission of corresponding source node interrupting service until eliminating network congestion；
(4) after source node receives congestion notification, business transmission rate is reduced, but ensure the minimum essential requirement bandwidth of business.When
After source node receives congestion interrupt message, illustrate that the transmission of business can aggravate network congestion and receiving terminal differs and surely receives enough
More correct data packets to restore data, transmitted with discharging occupied Internet resources in business by the at this moment transmission of interrupting service
After interruption, source node can re-initiate probe request and in addition find a path for meeting minimum bandwidth requirement.
Transmission of video model：
On the basis of studying in front, it is proposed that the transmission of video model in wireless self-organization network.
(1) influence of user gradation is introduced into business classification, on the basis of 3GPP business is classified, rule of thumb
The corresponding all kinds of business of different brackets user are carried out priority division, therefore source node needs traffic differentiation module to access
Business classify and priority-labeled；
(2) each node needs bandwidth management module to be responsible for periodically estimating the occupancy of locally available bandwidth and business
Bandwidth, and the elastic bandwidth of management business, these data are all recorded in bandwidth information table；
(3) according to service priority, node by pair can the occupied bandwidth of bandwidth allocation and low priority traffice judge
Whether receiving transmission is asked, and admission control process meets the path of bandwidth demand by sending probe request searching, as possible
Do not influence have the transmission that high-priority service is ensured in the case that business is transmitted, these are in admission control module, bandwidth pipe
It is completed under the collaboration of reason module and Rate control module.The finally network congestion to being likely encountered in video transmitting procedure
It is analyzed, proposes to reduce congestion with reliability optimization policy control transmission rate using the distributed transmission rate based on price
The possibility of appearance loses priority service and ensures the normal transmission of high-priority service when congestion occurs by sacrificing, this
It needs congestion control module and Rate control module to combine to complete.
Finally illustrate, preferred embodiment above is merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention and unrestricted, although logical
It crosses above preferred embodiment the present invention is described in detail, however, those skilled in the art should understand that, can be
Various changes are made to it in form and in details, without departing from claims of the present invention limited range.
Claims (4)
1. the video transmission method based on network utility in a kind of wireless self-organization network, it is characterised in that：Include the following steps：
First, by distributed transmission rate and reliability optimization strategy based on price, business transmission rate, reliability and net are realized
Tradeoff between network congestion；Secondly, user gradation is combined with type of service and the rule of thumb priority of specified services；So
Afterwards, the admission control and congestion control scheme of priority are formulated；Finally, the transmission of video model based on network utility is proposed；
The distributed transmission rate based on price includes with reliability optimization strategy：Each source node is responsible for solving source optimization
Problem and update reliability price, each of the links are responsible for solving link optimizing problem and update congestion price, the link optimizing
Problem includes link-layer optimization problem and physical layer optimization problem；
The source node is responsible for solving source optimization problem and the process of update reliability price is as follows：
λs(t)=Σl∈L(s)λl,s(t) the end-to-end congestion price of the t times iteration, R are indicateds(t)=1- Σl∈L(s)El(rl,s(t))
It is the end-to-end reliability of the t times iteration, λl,sIt is the price for flowing s and using link l per unit rates, μsIt is that stream s per units are reliable
Property needs to pay the price of network, xsTo flow the transmission rate of s, RsTo flow the reliability of s；Source node executes following steps：
1) the message λ that network-feedback is returned is receiveds(t) and Rs(t)；
2) the reliability price that last iteration is obtained, i.e., the μ in current iterations(t) following formula is substituted into
maximize U′s(x′s,Rs)-λs(t)x′s-μs(t)Rs
Obtain the transmission rate x ' of data flow ss(t+1)；
3) μ is utilizeds(t+1)=[μs(t)-β(t)(Rs(t)-Rs(t))]+It obtains user and needs the price paid for reliability requirement
μs(t+1)；
4) x 's(t+1) and μs(t+1) all link l ∈ L (s) that stream s passes through are sent to；
The each of the links are responsible for solving link optimizing problem and updating congestion price specifically including：Link l executes step：
1) the information x ' of the transmission of all s ∈ S (l) is receiveds(t) and μs(t)；
2) the congestion price that last iteration is obtained, i.e., the λ in current iterationl,s(t) following formula is substituted into solve
The transmission capacity c of s can be distributed to by obtaining ll,s(t+1)；
3) λl,s(t) and the μ that receivess(t) following formula is substituted into solve
maximizeλl,s(t)logrl,s-μs(t)El(rl,s)
s.t.0≤rl,s≤ 1, s ∈ S (l)
Obtain code check r of the physical layer for stream sl,s(t+1)；
4) following formula is utilized to solve
λl,s(t+1)=[λl,s(t)-β(t)(logcl,s(t)+logrl,s(t)-xs′(t))]+
=[λl,s(t)-β(t)(logcl,s(t)+logrl,s(t)-logxs(t))]+,s∈S(l)
Obtain the congestion price λ of link ll,s(t+1)；
5) λl,s(t+1) and rl,s(t+1) all stream s ∈ S (l) using link l are sent to.
2. the video transmission method based on network utility in a kind of wireless self-organization network according to claim 1, special
Sign is：Consider that the traffic classification policy of user gradation specifically includes：
According to delay sensitive degree, business is divided into conversation class, four type of Streaming Media class, interactive class and background classes, from background
To interactive class to Streaming Media class to conversation class, delay sensitive degree successively increases class；Differentiated Services DiffServ models are entrance
The message of network is classified, and message in network is distinguished with 6 bits before in the service type identification field of IP packet head
Priority, this 6 bits are referred to as DSCP (Differentiated Services Code Point) value, value range 0
~63；Emergency communication command scheduling network environment is considered, according to the importance of the user in network, with abundant commander's letter
Breath, realization is docked with other departments, the stationary nodes with higher-security are defined as advanced level user, the energy is sufficient, mobile
Property strong vehicle-mounted node definition be intermediate users, flexibility is strong, function is minimum individual soldier's node definition is less advanced users, is owned
User can send tetra- kinds of session service CC, Streaming Media class business SC, interaction service IC, background business BC business；It is right
DSCP formats in DiffServ models are rewritten, and introduce user gradation, are distinguished with the first three bits of DSCP values, 100 generations
Table advanced level user, 010 represents intermediate users, and 001 represents less advanced users, carrys out differentiated service type using rear three bit of DSCP,
100 represent conversation class, and 010 represents Streaming Media class, and 001 represents interactive class, and 000 represents background classes, and different DSCP values correspond to not
Same user class and different business；
The significance level of business can not accurately be indicated by being classified to business according to the sensibility to time delay, be needed according to reality
Application scenarios and current network environment come assess business transmission priority；If business transmission contains much information and expends
Internet resources it is few, then this business is just high to the utilization rates of Internet resources；In addition, being limited in Internet resources wireless from group
In knitmesh network, need reasonably to distribute Internet resources according to the demand of user, to meet the needs of user is to network, meanwhile,
Rule of thumb 12 kinds of delineation of activities priority of the user of three ranks.
3. the video transmission method based on network utility in a kind of wireless self-organization network according to claim 1, special
Sign is：The admission control scheme includes：CC business and SC business datum amounts are big, the duration is long, during transmission when president
Between occupy Internet resources, higher service quality is obtained when in order to enable business to transmit in a network, source node receives transmission and asks
Enough Internet resources are judged whether to ensure the transmission of business by admission control module when asking, execute following step
Suddenly：
1) business initiates transmission request, it is necessary first to which traffic differentiation module classifies to business, is then directed to different business
Type carries out admission control, and the business of 1-3 priority can be transmitted directly, and the business of 4-9 priority needs to send probe requests thereby
Packet finds a path for meeting minimum bandwidth requirement, and the business through-rate control module of 10-12 priority directly transmits；
2) admission control module judge first source node can bandwidth allocation whether meet the minimum essential requirement bandwidth of business, can distribute
Bandwidth includes available bandwidth and elastic bandwidth, if it is satisfied, then step 3) is executed, it is no to then follow the steps 4)；
3) it sends probe request to destination node and carrys out the available bandwidth information on acquisition approach, include business in probe request
Type and minimum essential requirement bandwidth field；
4) so judge other business less than the service priority minimum available bandwidth and node can the sum of bandwidth allocation be
It is no to meet bandwidth demand, if it is satisfied, also sending probe request to destination node, otherwise refuse service access；
5) when intermediate node receives probe request, the type of service and minimum essential requirement bandwidth field in probe request are obtained,
Judge this node it is current can bandwidth allocation whether be more than minimum essential requirement bandwidth, if it does, directly forwarding probe request, such as
Fruit is less than, then judgement less than other business of the service priority minimum available bandwidth and node can the sum of bandwidth allocation whether
Meet bandwidth demand, if it is satisfied, also forwarding probe request to destination node, otherwise replys source node and refuse service access；
6) after destination node receives probe request, it is also desirable to judge whether the bandwidth resources of this node meet the reception of business,
If it is satisfied, to source node reply response detected packet, and in probe request type of service and minimum essential requirement bandwidth be added
Bandwidth information table is then opened from the minimum business of priority if necessary to the elastic bandwidth of existing business release in bandwidth information table
Release begin until meeting minimum bandwidth requirement, if can bandwidth allocation be less than minimum essential requirement bandwidth, the industry minimum from priority
The transmission that business starts interrupting service discharges resource until meeting minimum bandwidth requirement；
7) intermediate node receives response detected packet, bandwidth information table equally is added in business information, and carry out a series of measure
Enough bandwidth are provided for new access service；
8) after source node receives response detected packet, bandwidth information table is added in business information, the transmission accepted business is asked and opened
Beginning transmission data.
4. the video transmission method based on network utility in a kind of wireless self-organization network according to claim 1, special
Sign is：The method determines the target that QoS in wireless self-organization network is ensured, due to the business of 1-3 priority occupy compared with
Few Internet resources, the model serve primarily in the transmission of the voice and video business of 4-9 priority, the object function table of model
It is shown as：
UN=α T+ β Cvs
U in formulaNIndicate that network utility, T indicate network throughput, CvsIndicate the quantity of video flowing in network, α and β be influence because
Son.
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| CN113452623B (en) * | 2020-03-26 | 2023-11-14 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method and device for transmitting service flow based on FlexE |
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