CN104084654A - Six-axis linkage space shaking electrosparking method - Google Patents
Six-axis linkage space shaking electrosparking method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104084654A CN104084654A CN201410336174.5A CN201410336174A CN104084654A CN 104084654 A CN104084654 A CN 104084654A CN 201410336174 A CN201410336174 A CN 201410336174A CN 104084654 A CN104084654 A CN 104084654A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a six-axis linkage space shaking electrosparking method in the technical field of numerical control machining. Margin stage treatment is carried out on initially-machined workpieces, namely margins between the surfaces of the workpieces and the surfaces to be machined are divided into multi-stage shaking surfaces, the discharging criteria between stages are gradually reduced, then pose data corresponding to reference faces obtained according to all stages of equal-distance faces are converted to obtain electrode motion numerical control machining codes, and the surfaces of the workpieces are polished through electrode shaking until the surfaces meet the designed requirements for the size accuracy and the surface roughness. By means of the six-axis linkage space shaking electrosparking method, shaking errors are analyzed through CAD/CAM software, the shaking path is planned, corresponding shaking data are generated, and at most six axes can participate in shaking machining at the same time.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of processing technology of mechanical automation technical field, specifically a kind of space of the maximum six-axis linkages of support that can promote processing effect in spark-erosion sinking process shake electric discharge machining method.
Background technology
Spark machined is to utilize the special process method of the galvanic action ablation conductive material producing while being immersed in two interpolar pulsed discharge in working solution.Spark machined has lot of advantages, is mainly manifested in: add man-hour without cutting force, can process the unmanageable material of common process method and complex parts shape, tool-electrode material hardness is can be lower than workpiece material hard etc.Therefore, spark machined has application very widely in the industry such as aerospace field and Mold Making.
The larger problem that spark machined faces is exactly that working (machining) efficiency is not high, obtain better surface quality and mean that the meticulousr electric discharge of employing returns standard, and inefficient problem is just more outstanding.For this reason in process, that spark-erosion sinking processing generally can adopt is thick, in, the mode of fine finishining classification.Roughing adopts the discharge pulse of macro-energy to remove fast surplus, and corresponding surface quality is poor.And adopt more low-energy discharge pulse to remove less surplus in middle processing and fine finishining stage, thereby promote the surface quality after processing.In edm process, material removal efficiency and discharge power are proportional, although cause in fine finishining stage process surplus very littlely, still need consuming time very long.And, thick, in, fine finishining need to change corresponding electrode, causes electrode fabrication cost to increase, and also increased time and human cost that corresponding electrode is changed simultaneously.
In order to address the above problem, in Mould Machining field, conventionally adopt the surface of the quick smoothing die cavity of numerical control shake mode, allow the workbench (tool-electrode also can participate in sometimes) of CNC electrical discharge machine, do micro-additional movement along certain track and carry out smoothing sidewall.Progressively expand outwardly motion by workbench with workpiece, coordinate the motion of main shaft and the conversion step by step of putting electrical guiding rule, realize the accurate processing of the different rule of die cavity.By shake, can be in the situation that not increasing fine finishining electrode, the only side of smoothing die cavity progressively by the additional movement of lathe, makes surface roughness reach higher rank (as R
a0.8 μ m and following), and can process sidewall and the base at rib, clear angle clearly.
The essence of shake is the relative motion a little increasing between tool-electrode and workpiece, thereby improves sidewall discharge condition, and then improves working (machining) efficiency.Shake machining functions is built in EDM CNC system by lathe manufacturer conventionally, calls in machining code by special instruction.Electric spark shake is processed with lot of advantages, as can be do not changed electrode in the situation that allowance is little, uses disposable semifinishing and the fine finishining that completes part die cavity of electric spark shake processing.Like this, can reduce the resetting error of multiple clamping., process by shake meanwhile, can improve the chip removal in process, realize stable processing.The shake function of lathe mainly contains planar sway and sphere shake.The track that planar sway shakes is positioned at XY plane or XZ plane or YZ plane (the general plane of selecting perpendicular to direction of primary motion), and the form of shake generally only has several forms such as circle, square, rhombus, star and cross.The i.e. additional very little spheric motion on the main machine direction of electrode of sphere shake, but support that at present the lathe of sphere shake is fewer.
But these shake functions are all the needs for Mould Machining, mainly on three axles or four-axle linked electric spark machine tool, apply.And the CNC electrical discharge machine of existing five axles and even six-axis linkage normally develops on the basis of four-axle linked lathe, generally just increase one or two gyroaxis, to meet the needs of electrode space pahtfinder hard feeding.And the shake function of the lathe modes of directly inheriting that adopt, clearly, the simply motion of planar sway on can not matching rotation axle. moreFive axles or six axle electric spark machine tools, generally as processed complex part, the closed type integrated leaf dish of Aero-Space engine is worked as class part and is belonged to emphasis wherein.But due to the particularity of closed type integrated leaf dish part processing, original shake function cannot have been supported five axles and even six-axis linkage cooked mode.
Through the retrieval of prior art is found, Chinese patent literature CN1290583A, open (bulletin) date 2011.04.11, a kind of electric discharging machining electrode compensation method based on Numeric Control Technology is disclosed, this technology is first utilized the numerical control cutter rail of existing CAD/CAM Software Create machined electrode, then according to the shake mode of electrode in Electric Discharge Machining, as vector shake or flat circle shake and shaking quantity, adopt corresponding algorithm to compensate numerical control cutter rail.The complicated free form surface processing problem running in electrode correction is converted into the simple processing to numerical control cutter rail, thereby has greatly simplified the theoretical model of electrode correction.But the method just compensates electrode model, the shake mode of use is still vector shake and planar sway, and the motion of shake still concentrates in plane, utilizes lessly for the kinematic axis of lathe, does not change the mode of swing movement.In the time of the Multi-axis simultaneous machining of complex parts, especially have in the process of more turning cylinder participation, application can be subject to certain limitation.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to prior art above shortcomings, propose a kind of six-axis linkage space shake electric discharge machining method, use the error of CAD/CAM software analysis shake, and the track of planning shake, generate corresponding shake data, realize the shake processing of supporting that at most six axles participate in simultaneously.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions, the present invention is by carrying out surplus classification processing to the rough machined workpiece of process, be divided into multistage shake surface by the surplus between surface of the work and work surface and reduce step by step the electrical guiding rule of putting between at different levels, then pose data transaction corresponding to the plane of reference obtaining according to equidistant surfaces at different levels obtains the numerical control machining code of electrode movement, and by electrode orbiting by surface of the work smoothing to designing desired dimensional accuracy and surface roughness.
Described multistage referring to: the surplus of shake processing is divided into some grades of shake surfaces, and corresponding a kind of spark discharge rule of every one-level are accurate, keep putting electrical guiding rule and reduce step by step, obtain the surface, final position of every one-level processing;
The described plane of reference obtains in the following manner: shake the some equidistant surfaces that insert with minimum shake step-length between next stage shake surface in every one-level, be the plane of reference according to the discharging gap bias electrode surface of this rank shake.
Described pose data refer to: in same one-level shake process, be followed successively by starting point and terminal with adjacent two-stage shake surface, the mobile plane of reference, and the position overlapping with equidistant surface at the plane of reference, select the tangential direction of some equidistant surfaces to move the plane of reference, moving step pitch is shake step-length, finely tune rotating shaft attitude simultaneously, ensure that the maximum normal distance between two faces is less than franchise requirement, otherwise abandon current mobile vector, re-start selection, and record fine setting plane of reference pose data afterwards.
Described conversion refers to: become the athletic posture of each axle of electrode with reference to face pose data transaction, form the shake track that maximum six axles participate in simultaneously and export numerical control machining code.
Technique effect
Compared with prior art, the track of the shake the present invention relates to no longer limits to planar, but the multi-shaft interlocked small motion in three dimensions as required can be supported at most the shake of six-axis linkage, and for electrical spark working, trade union is more favourable.The shake track form the present invention relates to is more flexible, can adjust according to electrode and workpiece shape face, workpiece processing for free form surface also can be used, and it is also Paint Gloss that track is compared traditional shake method, and it is more stable that in short space, motion can make electric discharge.Meanwhile, the step-length of the shake the present invention relates to is controlled, is generally micron level, can adjust according to electrode and workpiece pattern.Secondly, the shake method the present invention relates to adopts the error of CAD software inner analysis shake, can guarantee that the error of shake meets franchise requirement.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the each kinematic axis definition of the spark machined in the specific embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is that the multiaxis shake track in the specific embodiment of the invention obtains flow chart.
Fig. 3 is equidistant surface and the plane of reference in the specific embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is tangential motion on the equidistant surface in the specific embodiment of the invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Below embodiments of the invention are elaborated, the present embodiment is implemented under taking technical solution of the present invention as prerequisite, provided detailed embodiment and concrete operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, shown the definition of each reference axis of six-axis linkage electric spark machine tool in closed type integrated leaf dish spark machined.Fig. 2 is the flow chart that six-axis linkage space shake track obtains.This method is used the error of CAD/CAM software analysis shake, and the track of planning shake, generates corresponding shake data, realizes by digital control system the shake processing that maximum six axles participate in.Specific practice is: the total allowance of shake processing is divided to progression, and corresponding a kind of spark discharge rule that reduce step by step of every one-level are accurate.Between adjacent final position shape face, inserting spacing is the equidistant surface of minimum shake step-length, form the plane of reference according to every one-level discharging gap bias electrode surface, move the plane of reference taking equidistant surface as terminal, and press close to the position of equidistant surface at the plane of reference, select the tangential direction of some equidistant surfaces to move the plane of reference, along the attitude of each linear axis and rotating shaft fine setting equidistant surface, make between the plane of reference and equidistant surface normal distance minimum, be specially:
For without loss of generality, between the shake of i level and i+1 level shake final position surface, evenly insert the equidistant surface of spacing for minimum shake step-length (being generally micron level), as shown in Figure 3.By also the setover distance of discharging gap of the surface of electrode, as with reference to plane.Move the plane of reference taking equidistant surface as terminal, and press close to the position of each equidistant surface at the plane of reference, on equidistant surface, choose some tangent vector as the moving direction with reference to face, as shown in Figure 4.Move the plane of reference along these directions with minimum shake step-length, then adjust the attitude on rotating shaft, ensure that the maximum normal distance between two faces is less than franchise requirement.If maximum normal distance is greater than franchise requirement, needs to reselect tangent vector and move.Record the pose data of the motion on the plane of reference, and be converted into the output of each axle athletic posture of electrode, become electrode orbiting track, and export corresponding numerical control code.
Finally, by electrode orbiting by surface of the work smoothing to designing desired dimensional accuracy and surface roughness.
From actual processing effect, in the present embodiment, workpiece material is elected nickel base superalloy Inconel718 as, electrode material select PCO EDM ?C3 ooze copper graphite, shake (in adopting respectively, machining benchmark and fine finishining benchmark shake) by two-stage, surface roughness after roughing can be promoted to Ra1.184 μ m, be 2.227 μ m and do not use the workpiece surface roughness Ra shaking and adopt identical parameters to machine.The effect for dressing of visible multiaxis shake processing is obvious.Meanwhile, twice shake adopts same electrode, compare do not adopt shake need thick, in, fine finishining three class electrodes, can reduce electrode number.
Claims (5)
1. a six-axis linkage space shake electric discharge machining method, it is characterized in that, by the rough machined workpiece of process is carried out to surplus classification processing, be divided into multistage shake surface by the surplus between surface of the work and work surface and reduce step by step the electrical guiding rule of putting between at different levels, then pose data transaction corresponding to the plane of reference obtaining according to equidistant surfaces at different levels obtains the numerical control machining code of electrode movement, and by electrode orbiting by surface of the work smoothing to designing desired dimensional accuracy and surface roughness.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described multistage referring to: the surplus of shake processing is divided into some grades of shake surfaces, and corresponding a kind of spark discharge rule of every one-level are accurate, keep putting electrical guiding rule and reduce step by step, obtain the surface, final position of every one-level processing.
3. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the described plane of reference obtains in the following manner: shake the some equidistant surfaces that insert with minimum shake step-length between next stage shake surface in every one-level, according to the discharging gap bias electrode surface of this rank shake, obtain the plane of reference.
4. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described pose data refer to: in same one-level shake process, be followed successively by starting point and terminal with adjacent two-stage shake surface, the mobile plane of reference, and the position overlapping with equidistant surface at the plane of reference, select the tangential direction of some equidistant surfaces to move the plane of reference, moving step pitch is shake step-length, finely tune rotating shaft attitude simultaneously, ensure that the maximum normal distance between two faces is less than franchise requirement, otherwise abandon current mobile vector, reselect, and record fine setting plane of reference pose data afterwards.
5. according to the method described in claim 1 or 4, it is characterized in that, described conversion refers to: become the athletic posture of each axle of electrode with reference to face pose data transaction, form and support the shake track that maximum six axles participate in simultaneously and export numerical control machining code.
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| CN104772535A (en) * | 2015-04-09 | 2015-07-15 | 上海交通大学 | Method for carrying out high-speed electrical arc discharge laminated scanning and machining of open type three-dimensional runner |
| CN105345187A (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2016-02-24 | 上海交通大学 | Method for searching maximum free movement stroke track of electrode in electrosparking of closed blisk |
| CN105930589A (en) * | 2016-04-21 | 2016-09-07 | 上海交通大学 | Data processing method of multi-axis linked electric discharge machining feeding speed postprocessor based on spatial mapping |
| CN106363258A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-01 | 上海交通大学 | Machining method for electrical sparkles of rarefaction feed nodes |
| CN108380989A (en) * | 2018-03-28 | 2018-08-10 | 北京汉飞航空科技有限公司 | A kind of processing method and equipment of aero-engine blisk |
| CN108655522A (en) * | 2018-05-18 | 2018-10-16 | 青岛理工大学 | A method of improving high current arc discharging milling machining accuracy |
| CN110216341A (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2019-09-10 | 上海汉霸数控机电有限公司 | A kind of shake processing method of spark machine |
| CN112872512A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-06-01 | 四川科思精密模具有限公司 | One-time machining size in-place method for discharge forming machining |
| CN113500298A (en) * | 2021-07-21 | 2021-10-15 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Laser ablation processing device and method for micro-texture on surface of curved surface workpiece |
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| US10646940B2 (en) | 2015-04-09 | 2020-05-12 | Shanghai Jiao Tong University | Machining method for three-dimensional open flow channel using high-speed arc discharge layered sweep |
| WO2016161884A1 (en) * | 2015-04-09 | 2016-10-13 | 上海交通大学 | Method of layer scan-processing by high-speed electrical arc discharge on open-type three-dimensional flow path |
| CN104772535B (en) * | 2015-04-09 | 2017-07-18 | 上海交通大学 | Open three dimensional runner high speed arc spraying discharge layer sweeps processing method |
| CN104772535A (en) * | 2015-04-09 | 2015-07-15 | 上海交通大学 | Method for carrying out high-speed electrical arc discharge laminated scanning and machining of open type three-dimensional runner |
| CN105345187A (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2016-02-24 | 上海交通大学 | Method for searching maximum free movement stroke track of electrode in electrosparking of closed blisk |
| CN105930589A (en) * | 2016-04-21 | 2016-09-07 | 上海交通大学 | Data processing method of multi-axis linked electric discharge machining feeding speed postprocessor based on spatial mapping |
| CN106363258A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-01 | 上海交通大学 | Machining method for electrical sparkles of rarefaction feed nodes |
| CN108380989A (en) * | 2018-03-28 | 2018-08-10 | 北京汉飞航空科技有限公司 | A kind of processing method and equipment of aero-engine blisk |
| CN108380989B (en) * | 2018-03-28 | 2024-04-23 | 北京汉飞航空科技有限公司 | Processing method and equipment for aero-engine blisk |
| CN108655522B (en) * | 2018-05-18 | 2019-03-05 | 青岛理工大学 | A method of improving high current arc discharging milling machining accuracy |
| CN108655522A (en) * | 2018-05-18 | 2018-10-16 | 青岛理工大学 | A method of improving high current arc discharging milling machining accuracy |
| CN110216341A (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2019-09-10 | 上海汉霸数控机电有限公司 | A kind of shake processing method of spark machine |
| CN110216341B (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2020-07-14 | 上海汉霸数控机电有限公司 | Shaking processing method of spark machine |
| CN112872512A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-06-01 | 四川科思精密模具有限公司 | One-time machining size in-place method for discharge forming machining |
| CN113500298A (en) * | 2021-07-21 | 2021-10-15 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Laser ablation processing device and method for micro-texture on surface of curved surface workpiece |
| CN113500298B (en) * | 2021-07-21 | 2023-03-24 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Laser ablation processing device and method for micro-texture on surface of curved surface workpiece |
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