CN104048828B - The dynamic Stiffness laboratory table of a kind of high-speed ball screw pair and measuring method - Google Patents
The dynamic Stiffness laboratory table of a kind of high-speed ball screw pair and measuring method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses dynamic Stiffness laboratory table and the measuring method of a kind of high-speed ball screw pair.The laboratory table of the present invention, assembled by workbench, motor mount, motor, shaft coupling, left shaft holder, mass, leading screw, nut, nut seat, contiguous block, slide block, guide rail, cushion block, linear grating chi, survey mass, radial displacement transducer, radial displacement transducer fixed block and right bearing seat, simple in construction, the measurement of ball screw assembly, dynamic stiffness in running up can be realized, it is possible to realize the measurement of ball screw assembly, dynamic stiffness during diverse location residing for nut；The measuring method of the present invention, simple to operate, use the method that the technology circuit of existing maturation latches, it is simple to the value synchronized sampling that the value recorded by linear grating chi and radial displacement transducer record.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method and device of a kind of field of measuring technique, more particularly, it relates to a kind of high speed and precision rolling
The dynamic Stiffness laboratory table that ballscrew is secondary.
Background technology
Ball screw assembly, is the critical component being widely used in feed system.But with constantly carrying of ball screw assembly, speed
Height, its vibration problem is the most prominent, has had a strong impact on positioning precision and the precision holding capacity of feed system, has become Digit Control Machine Tool
With various automation equipment high speeds and the major obstacle of high accuracy development.Feed system is moved by the dynamic stiffness of ball screw assembly,
State stability and Oscillation Amplitude have a major impact.According to existing theoretical and experimental study, ball screw assembly, radial direction and axle
To dynamic stiffness impact that ball screw assembly, is vibrated the most notable.Meanwhile, from experimentation, the amplitude of radial vibration is normal
Often greater than axial direction, the flexural deformation that principal mode is radial direction of ball screw assembly, former rank vibration.Therefore, ball wire
The theoretical research of thick stick pair radially dynamic stiffness is measured significant with experiment.
The test device of ball screw assembly, rigidity of the prior art can only measure Static stiffness, as patent publication No. is
The Chinese invention patent of CN103018104A and the Chinese invention patent that patent publication No. is CN102944472A just can only be measured
The rigidity value of ball screw assembly, under resting state, it is impossible to measure the rigidity value of the lower precise ball screw pair that runs up.The most special
The Chinese invention patent of profit Publication No. CN103217288A can measure some dynamic parameter of ball screw assembly, under different rotating speeds, but
The dynamic stiffness of ball screw assembly, can not be measured.Therefore the ball screw assembly, radially dynamic stiffness measurement that can realize in running up it is badly in need of
Laboratory table.
It addition, except the rotating speed of ball screw assembly, in ball screw assembly, nut location is also to affect ball-screw
The key factor of secondary radially dynamic stiffness.See Fig. 2, can on the impact of ball screw assembly, intrinsic vibration by analyzing the movement of nut
Knowing, along with the change of nut location, first three rank natural frequency is all varied from, but does not has clear and definite relation between them, although
First natural frequency tapers into change in location first increases and then decreases, second-order natural frequency, but the 3rd rank are the most irregular
Can follow.This variation phenomenon at least can illustrate that nut act as the role of mobile support, its change, it is meant that whole vibration
The change of system structure, therefore the natural mode of vibration of vibrational system is all had a significant effect with frequency.The most also it is badly in need of realizing nut
The laboratory table of ball screw assembly, radially dynamic stiffness measurement during residing diverse location.
Summary of the invention
1. invention to solve the technical problem that
It is an object of the invention to overcome prior art does not exist and measure the laboratory table of ball screw assembly, dynamic stiffness not
Foot, it is provided that the dynamic Stiffness laboratory table of a kind of high-speed ball screw pair and measuring method, uses technical scheme,
In the case of can realizing different rotating speeds, time at same position residing for nut, the measurement of ball screw assembly, dynamic stiffness, it is also possible to realize
Under rotating speed fixing situation, residing for nut during various location, the measurement of ball screw assembly, dynamic stiffness；And then ball-screw can be used for
The checking of secondary dynamic stiffness theoretical research, also can be the vibration damping noise suppression of ball screw assembly, the raising of reliability, the prolongation in service life
Theoretical foundation is provided etc. important engineering problem, more can be for exploitation novel high speed, high-precision and low noise series of balls lead screw pair product
Theoretical direction is provided.
2. technical scheme
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme that the present invention provides is:
The dynamic Stiffness laboratory table of a kind of high-speed ball screw pair of the present invention, including workbench, motor mount, electricity
Machine, shaft coupling, nut seat, nut, radial displacement transducer fixed block, slide block, guide rail and cushion block, described motor passes through motor
Mounting seat fixedly mounts on the table；Left shaft holder and right bearing seat it is fixed with on described workbench；Described left bearing
Between seat and right bearing seat, cross-under has leading screw, and the left end of this leading screw passes through shaft coupling with above-mentioned motor mutually admittedly after left shaft holder
Even, the right-hand member cross-under of leading screw is on right bearing seat；It is arranged with for installing on the side of left shaft holder on described leading screw
The mass of eccentric mass；On right bearing seat side, it is arranged with survey mass on described leading screw；The footpath of described survey mass
The radial displacement transducer being arranged on radial displacement transducer fixed block it is provided with to direction, and this radial displacement transducer and survey
Gauge block contacts；Described leading screw rolls with the nut being arranged on nut seat and is connected；It is arranged with connection on described nut seat
Block；Described contiguous block is connected with slide by slide block, and this guide rail is installed on the table by cushion block；Described slide block
On linear grating chi is installed.
Further, described mass is discoid, and this mass offers the bias being uniformly distributed circumferentially
Hole.
Further, described survey mass is discoid.
Further, described contiguous block includes notched fixed block and is stretched out and level by the two ends of breach
The shoulder block placed；The lower section of two pieces of described shoulder block is all fixed with slide block.
The dynamic stiffness measurement method of above-mentioned a kind of high-speed precision ball screw pair, the steps include:
(1) measure quality m of screw to be added with electronic scale, screw is arranged in the eccentric orfice of mass, and
The barycenter eccentric distance e of measuring bolt；
(2) distance L of mass distance left shaft holder is measured1；Measure mass distance L apart from tested nut2；Measure
Distance L of tested nut distance right bearing seat3；
(3) control electric machine rotation, and write down the rotating speed n of motor, controlled the rotation of leading screw, the rotating band of leading screw by motor
Kinoplaszm gauge block and survey mass rotate in the lump, the most also drive nut to be axially moveable, and the mobile band movable slider of nut is on guide rail
Slide axially；
(4) by linear grating chi, nut present position is directly measured, by radial displacement transducer to measurement
The exciting displacement of block measures, and the value that recorded by linear grating chi of the method using circuit to latch and radial displacement transducer
The value synchronized sampling recorded, thus can draw nut slided x displacement time survey mass the i.e. ball screw assembly, of exciting displacement swash
Shake displacement δt；
(5) the rotating speed n of record in step (3) is substituted into the computing formula of angular frequency: ω=2 π n, leading screw (7) can be drawn
The angular frequency run；
(6) data drawn in step (1), (2), (4) and (5) are substituted into quiet degree of disturbing δstComputing formula:In formula, E is elasticity modulus of materials, and I is that material cross-section is to neutral bending axis
The moment of inertia, can draw quiet degree of disturbing δst；
(7) data calculated in step (6) are substituted into dynamic degree of disturbing δsComputing formula:In formula, r is
Running speed and the ratio of critical speed, can draw dynamic degree of the disturbing δ that leading screw causes because of out-of-balance forces；
(8) by the δ of record in step (4)tWith the δ drawn in step (6)sThe computing formula of substitution equivalent displacement δ: δ=
δt-δs, equivalent displacement δ can be drawn；
(9) calculating that the data drawn in step (1) and step (5) substitute into the simultaneous force Q produced by eccentric mass is public
Formula: Q=me ω, can draw the simultaneous force Q that screw quality to be added produces；
(10) data that draw in step (9) and step (8) are substituted into the computing formula of ball screw assembly, dynamic stiffness value K:Ball screw assembly, dynamic stiffness value K can be drawn；
(11) the motor speed n in setting procedure (5) is fixed value, and records residing for nut different by step (4)
The exciting displacement δ of ball screw assembly, during positiont, and then can draw under fixing screw rotation velocity, residing for nut (8) during diverse location
Ball screw assembly, dynamic stiffness value K；
(12) the motor speed n in setting procedure (5) is not fixed value, and records phase residing for nut by step (4)
The exciting displacement δ of ball screw assembly, during co-locatedt, and then can draw under different screw rotation velocity, residing for nut during same position
Ball screw assembly, dynamic stiffness value K.
3. beneficial effect
The technical scheme using the present invention to provide, has a following remarkable result:
(1) the dynamic Stiffness laboratory table of a kind of high-speed ball screw pair of the present invention, near left shaft holder on its leading screw
Side on be arranged with the mass for setting-up eccentricity quality, by use unbalance mass exciting apply and ball-screw
The rotation radial load of synchronization, thus the synchronization motivationtheory that experiment is to ball screw assembly,；
(2) the dynamic Stiffness laboratory table of a kind of high-speed ball screw pair of the present invention, near right bearing seat on its leading screw
Being arranged with survey mass on side, the radial direction of survey mass is provided with the radial displacement being arranged on radial displacement transducer fixed block
Sensor, and this radial displacement transducer contacts with survey mass, realizes lead screw pair radial displacement by radial displacement transducer
Real-time measurement；
(3) the dynamic Stiffness laboratory table of a kind of high-speed ball screw pair of the present invention, its nut seat is arranged with connection
Block, this contiguous block is connected with slide by slide block, and this guide rail is installed on the table by cushion block, slide block is provided with straight
Line grating chi, realizes the real-time measurement of nut present position by linear grating chi；
(4) the dynamic Stiffness laboratory table of a kind of high-speed ball screw pair of the present invention, its simple in construction, easy for installation,
Using effect is good, can be used for the checking of ball screw assembly, dynamic stiffness theoretical research, also can be ball screw assembly, vibration damping noise suppression, can
There is provided theoretical foundation by important engineering problems such as the raising of property, the prolongations in service life, more can for exploitation novel high speed, high-precision and
Low noise series of balls lead screw pair product provides theoretical direction；
(5) the dynamic stiffness measurement method of a kind of high-speed ball screw pair of the present invention, its method using circuit to latch will
Value that linear grating chi records and the value synchronized sampling that radial displacement transducer records, the method that circuit latches is existing maturation
Technology, the method using circuit to latch can realize the measurement of lead screw pair dynamic stiffness during diverse location residing for nut, it is possible to realizes not
With the measurement of lead screw pair dynamic stiffness during rotating speed；
(6) the dynamic stiffness measurement method of a kind of high-speed ball screw pair of the present invention, it is simple to operate, and experimental data is measured
Precisely.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the dynamic Stiffness laboratory table of a kind of high-speed ball screw pair of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is that Theoretical Calculation measures the natural frequency analysis chart with the change of nut location with experiment.
Label declaration in schematic diagram: 1, workbench；2, motor mount；3, motor；4, shaft coupling；5, left shaft holder；
6, mass；61, eccentric orfice；7, leading screw；8, nut；9, nut seat；10, contiguous block；11, slide block；12, guide rail；13, cushion block；
14, linear grating chi；15, survey mass；16, radial displacement transducer；17, radial displacement transducer fixed block；18, right bearing
Seat.
Detailed description of the invention
For further appreciating that present disclosure, the present invention is described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Embodiment
In conjunction with Fig. 1, the dynamic Stiffness laboratory table of a kind of high-speed ball screw pair of the present embodiment, including workbench 1, electricity
Machine mounting seat 2, motor 3, shaft coupling 4, nut seat 9, nut 8, radial displacement transducer fixed block 17, slide block 11, guide rail 12 and
Cushion block 13, motor 3 is fixedly mounted on workbench 1 by motor mount 2；Left shaft holder 5 and right axle it is fixed with on workbench 1
Bearing 18；Between described left shaft holder 5 and right bearing seat 18, cross-under has leading screw 7, and the left end of this leading screw 7 passes left shaft holder 5
Being fixedly connected with above-mentioned motor 3 by shaft coupling 4 afterwards, the right-hand member cross-under of leading screw 7 is on right bearing seat 18；Near left axle on leading screw 7
Being arranged with the mass 6 for setting-up eccentricity quality on the side of bearing 5, this mass 6 is discoid, and this mass 6 is opened
It is provided with the eccentric orfice 61 being uniformly distributed circumferentially, by using unbalance mass exciting to apply and ball-screw 7 synchronization
Rotation radial load, thus the experiment synchronization motivationtheory to ball screw assembly,；On leading screw 7 sheathed on right bearing seat 18 side
Having survey mass 15, this survey mass 15 is discoid；The radial direction of survey mass 15 is provided with and is arranged on radial displacement transducer and fixes
Radial displacement transducer 16 on block 17, and this radial displacement transducer 16 contacts with survey mass 15, is passed by radial displacement
Sensor 16 realizes the real-time measurement of lead screw pair radial displacement；Leading screw 7 rolls with the nut 8 being arranged on nut seat 9 and is connected；Nut
Being arranged with contiguous block 10 on seat 9, this contiguous block 10 includes notched fixed block and is stretched out and level by the two ends of breach
The shoulder block placed, contiguous block 10 designs for balance type structure, it is ensured that slide block 11 horizontal linear moves；The lower section of two pieces of shoulder block is the most solid
It is connected with slide block 11；Contiguous block 10 is slidably connected with guide rail 12 by slide block 11, and this guide rail 12 is arranged on workbench 1 by cushion block 13
On；Linear grating chi 14 is installed on slide block 11, is realized the real-time measurement of nut 8 present position by linear grating chi 14.
The dynamic stiffness measurement method of a kind of high-speed ball screw pair of the present embodiment, the steps include:
(1) measure quality m of screw to be added with electronic scale, screw be arranged in the eccentric orfice 61 of mass 6,
And the barycenter eccentric distance e of measuring bolt；
(2) mass 6 distance L apart from left shaft holder 5 is measured1；Measure the mass 6 distance L apart from tested nut 82；
Measure the tested nut 8 distance L apart from right bearing seat 183；
(3) control motor 3 to rotate, and write down the rotating speed n of motor 3, controlled the rotation of leading screw 7 by motor 3, leading screw 7
Rotarily driving mass 6 and survey mass 15 rotates in the lump, the most also drive nut 8 to be axially moveable, the mobile drive of nut 8 is sliding
Block 11 slides axially on guide rail 12；
(4) by linear grating chi 14, nut 8 present position is directly measured, right by radial displacement transducer 16
The exciting displacement of survey mass 15 measures, and the value that recorded by linear grating chi 14 of the method using circuit to latch and radially position
The value synchronized sampling that displacement sensor 16 records, thus can draw nut 8 slided x displacement time survey mass 15 exciting displacement roll
The exciting displacement δ that ballscrew is secondaryt；
(5) the rotating speed n of record in step (3) is substituted into the computing formula of angular frequency: ω=2 π n, can show that leading screw 7 is transported
The angular frequency of row；
(6) data drawn in step (1), (2), (4) and (5) are substituted into quiet degree of disturbing δstComputing formula:In formula, E is elasticity modulus of materials, and I is that neutral bending axis is used to by material cross-section
Property square, can draw quiet degree of disturbing δst；
(7) data calculated in step (6) are substituted into dynamic degree of disturbing δsComputing formula:In formula, r is
Running speed and the ratio of critical speed, can draw dynamic degree of the disturbing δ that leading screw 7 causes because of out-of-balance forces；
(8) by the δ of record in step (4)tWith the δ drawn in step (6)sThe computing formula of substitution equivalent displacement δ: δ=
δt-δs, equivalent displacement δ can be drawn；
(9) calculating that the data drawn in step (1) and step (5) substitute into the simultaneous force Q produced by eccentric mass is public
Formula: Q=me ω, can draw the simultaneous force Q that screw quality to be added produces；
(10) data that draw in step (9) and step (8) are substituted into the computing formula of ball screw assembly, dynamic stiffness value K:Ball screw assembly, dynamic stiffness value K can be drawn；
(11) the motor speed n in setting procedure (5) is fixed value, and records residing for nut 8 different by step (4)
The exciting displacement δ of ball screw assembly, during positiont, and then can draw under fixing leading screw 7 rotating speed, residing for nut 8 during diverse location
Ball screw assembly, dynamic stiffness value K；
(12) the motor speed n in setting procedure (5) is not fixed value, and records phase residing for nut 8 by step (4)
The exciting displacement δ of ball screw assembly, during co-locatedt, and then can draw under different leading screw 7 rotating speed, residing for nut 8 during same position
Ball screw assembly, dynamic stiffness value K.
The dynamic Stiffness laboratory table of a kind of high-speed ball screw pair of the present invention and measuring method, it is possible to achieve different turns
In the case of speed, time at same position residing for nut 8, the measurement of ball screw assembly, dynamic stiffness, it is also possible to realize rotating speed fixing situation
Under, residing for nut 8 during various location, the measurement of ball screw assembly, dynamic stiffness, the laboratory table simple in construction of the present invention, installation side
Just, using effect is good, can be used for the checking of ball screw assembly, dynamic stiffness theoretical research, also can press down for the vibration damping of ball screw assembly,
Make an uproar, the raising of reliability, the important engineering problem such as the prolongation in service life provide theoretical foundation, more can for exploitation novel high speed,
High-precision and low noise series of balls lead screw pair product provides theoretical direction；The measuring method of the present invention is simple to operate, experimental data
Measure precisely, the method using the technology circuit of existing maturation to latch, lead screw pair during diverse location residing for nut 8 can be realized dynamic just
The measurement of degree, it is possible to realize the measurement of lead screw pair dynamic stiffness during different rotating speeds.
Schematically being described the present invention and embodiment thereof above, this description does not has restricted, institute in accompanying drawing
Show is also one of embodiments of the present invention, and actual structure is not limited thereto.So, if the common skill of this area
Art personnel enlightened by it, in the case of without departing from the invention objective, designs and this technical scheme without creative
Similar frame mode and embodiment, all should belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. a dynamic stiffness measurement method for high-speed ball screw pair, the steps include:
1) motor (3) is fixedly mounted on workbench (1) by motor mount (2)；Workbench is fixed with left bearing on (1)
Seat (5) and right bearing seat (18)；Between left shaft holder (5) and right bearing seat (18), cross-under has leading screw (7), the left end of leading screw (7)
Being fixedly connected with above-mentioned motor (3) by shaft coupling (4) afterwards through left shaft holder (5), the right-hand member cross-under of leading screw (7) is at right bearing seat
(18) on；Leading screw (7) is upper is arranged with the mass (6) for setting-up eccentricity quality, quality on the side of left shaft holder (5)
Block (6) is discoid, and mass (6) offers the eccentric orfice (61) being uniformly distributed circumferentially；Leading screw (7) is upper near right bearing
Seat is arranged with survey mass (15) on (18) side, and survey mass (15) is discoid；The radial direction of survey mass (15) is provided with installation
Radial displacement transducer (16) on radial displacement transducer fixed block (17), and radial displacement transducer (16) and survey mass
(15) contact；Leading screw (7) rolls with the nut (8) being arranged on nut seat (9) and is connected；Nut seat is arranged with connection on (9)
Block (10)；Contiguous block (10) is slidably connected with guide rail (12) by slide block (11), and guide rail (12) is arranged on work by cushion block (13)
In station (1)；Linear grating chi (14) is installed on slide block (11)；
2) measure quality m of screw to be added with electronic scale, screw be arranged in the eccentric orfice (61) of mass (6),
And the barycenter eccentric distance e of measuring bolt；
3) distance L of mass (6) distance left shaft holder (5) is measured1；Measure mass (6) apart from tested nut (8) away from
From L2；Measure distance L of tested nut (8) distance right bearing seat (18)3；
4) control motor (3) to rotate, and write down the rotating speed n of motor (3), controlled the rotation of leading screw (7), leading screw by motor (3)
(7) rotarily drive mass (6) and survey mass (15) rotates in the lump, simultaneously also drive nut (8) to be axially moveable, nut
(8) mobile band movable slider (11) slides axially on guide rail (12)；
5) by linear grating chi (14), nut (8) present position is directly measured, by radial displacement transducer (16)
Exciting displacement to survey mass (15) measures, and the method using circuit to latch value that linear grating chi (14) is recorded and
The value synchronized sampling that radial displacement transducer (16) records, thus can draw nut (8) slided x displacement time survey mass (15)
The exciting displacement δ of the i.e. ball screw assembly, of exciting displacementt；
6) by step 4) in record rotating speed n substitute into angular frequency computing formula: ω=2 π n, can draw what leading screw (7) ran
Angular frequency；
7) by step 2), 3), 5) and 6) in the data that draw substitute into quiet degree of disturbing δstComputing formula:In formula, E is elasticity modulus of materials, and I is that neutral bending axis is used to by material cross-section
Property square, can draw quiet degree of disturbing δst；
8) by step 7) in the data that calculate substitute into dynamic degree of disturbing δsComputing formula:In formula, r is running speed
With the ratio of critical speed, dynamic degree of the disturbing δ that leading screw (7) causes can be drawn because of out-of-balance forces；
9) by step 5) the middle δ recordedtWith step 8) in the δ that drawssSubstitute into the computing formula of equivalent displacement δ: δ=δt-δs, can obtain
Go out equivalent displacement δ；
10) by step 2) and step 6) in the data that draw substitute into the computing formula of the simultaneous force Q produced by eccentric mass: Q=
Me ω, can draw the simultaneous force Q that screw quality to be added produces；
11) by step 10) and step 9) in the data that draw substitute into the computing formula of ball screw assembly, dynamic stiffness value K:
Ball screw assembly, dynamic stiffness value K can be drawn；
12) setting procedure 4) in motor speed n be fixed value, and by step 5) record diverse location residing for nut (8)
Time ball screw assembly, exciting displacement δt, and then can draw under fixing leading screw (7) rotating speed, residing for nut (8) during diverse location
Ball screw assembly, dynamic stiffness value K；
13) setting procedure 4) in motor speed n be not fixed value, and by step 5) record identical bits residing for nut (8)
The exciting displacement δ of ball screw assembly, when puttingt, and then can draw under different leading screw (7) rotating speed, residing for nut (8) during same position
Ball screw assembly, dynamic stiffness value K.
The dynamic stiffness measurement method of a kind of high-speed ball screw pair the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step 1)
Middle contiguous block (10) includes notched fixed block and is stretched out by the two ends of breach and the shoulder block of horizontal positioned；Two pieces of shoulder block
Lower section be all fixed with slide block (11).
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| CN110207983A (en) * | 2019-06-03 | 2019-09-06 | 南京理工大学 | A kind of lead screw guide rails reverser reliability test bench |
| CN112254904B (en) * | 2020-10-15 | 2022-03-01 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | High-low temperature testing device for force linear rigidity |
| CN114370999A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-04-19 | 吉林大学 | Device and method for testing reliability of rolling functional part of numerically controlled lathe |
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| CN104048828A (en) | 2014-09-17 |
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