CN104040874B - For the method manipulating stepping motor - Google Patents

For the method manipulating stepping motor Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104040874B
CN104040874B CN201380004503.XA CN201380004503A CN104040874B CN 104040874 B CN104040874 B CN 104040874B CN 201380004503 A CN201380004503 A CN 201380004503A CN 104040874 B CN104040874 B CN 104040874B
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stepping motor
copped wave
wave pulse
width
current
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CN104040874A (en
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M·贡德尔
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BDT AG
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BDT AG
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P8/00Arrangements for controlling dynamo-electric motors rotating step by step
    • H02P8/12Control or stabilisation of current

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Stepping Motors (AREA)

Abstract

nullThe present invention relates to a kind of method for manipulating stepping motor,In the method,The stator coil of stepping motor is the most sequentially energized by electronic control device,Make to produce the electromagnetic field rotated,Wherein,When being energized for given stator coil,It is electronically controlled device by the electric current of the wire turn of this stator coil and first brings up to defined current specification value,And after reaching current specification value,Electric current is chopped in the following way,I.e.,Being cut off the constant time period by electric current repeatedly and then carrying out copped wave pulse through wire turn provided by electronic control device,Again it is switched on by electric current by what electronic control device provided during copped wave pulse,Until again reaching current specification value,Wherein,Described electronic control device by the width of each copped wave pulse with can be predetermined the reference persistent period compared with,The width of described copped wave pulse was defined by the persistent period needed for again reaching current specification value after reclosing by electric current,And once the width of copped wave pulse is first less than with reference to the persistent period,Described electronic control device begins to the stator coil energising to be energized as the next one,In the method,The described working condition being matched with stepping motor with reference to the persistent period during manipulation stepping motor.

Description

For the method manipulating stepping motor
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for manipulating stepping motor.
Background technology
Stepping motor is the welcome type of one of motor.In stepping motor, pass through electronic control device So control the energising of stator coil so that the electromagnetic field that rotor is followed rotates stepwise.
Motor driver output stage principle based on the fixing breaking time limited for electric current, electricity in this principle The motor driver output stage of sub-controller part makes the line by the coil being correspondingly steered after applying the control signal First the electric current of circle brings up to the setting of adjusted (einstellen), and motor driver output stage allows evaluation to pass through The fixing signal limiting electric current breaking time.Energising starts until the time reaching current specification value first is referred to as " electric current Rise time ".For completeness, illustrate in this position, multiple coils be arranged on motor various location and Jointly being manipulated, these coils are referred to as stator coil in patent document.
After reaching setting, electronic control device (it is exactly the motor-driven of this electronic control device Device output stage) provide, being cut off the constant time period by electric current repeatedly and being the most again switched on by wire turn, Until again reaching current specification value.By wire turn by electric current cut-off period, electric current is led by unloaded diode Go out.
Following this method is referred to as " copped wave ", the most in multiple times experience include interrupting by electric current and Then electric current is brought up to the cycle of setting.After electric current limits decline according to electric current based on fixing breaking time, Make electric current again reach setting required for time be referred to as " copped wave pulse ";In other words, the width of copped wave pulse is understood For the described copped wave pulse persistent period in time.
Here, for stepping motor according to regulation operation principle it is essential that, electromagnetic field is not also not have at rotor Have when reaching its final assigned position and the most further rotate by being energized to next stator coil.If situation is such as , such as, because motor can make not expect high load exercise, the most at least there is stepping loss, if not then occurring in this Motor blocks.But disadvantageous also, only exceed maximum field alignment after further turn on electromagnetic field the most clearly, because of On the one hand inefficiency and the danger of the most implicit vibration is caused for this.
By a series of different processing methods for controlling motor known in the art, in order to keep away the most well Exempt from this problem.May the manipulation of simple types be the fixing step frequency using and there is the stepping time determined.In order to This manipulation is avoided locking must ensure that the highest it is contemplated that load in the case of, rotor starts in upper once stepping Reached the target location of this rotor by electronic control device before.But this also results in, loaded with less load Rotor be only capable of running with the lower step frequency of the step frequency than actual capabilities, thus cannot optimally utilize and be provided Torque, this brings the poor efficiency of driving means therewith.
Reach more preferable efficiency as premise, i.e. will represent that the signal implementing motor stepping is to electronics control with signal Device processed is to returning feedback.A kind of probability is, being provided with encoder, this encoder synchronizes in terms of the step angle of motor. Although this can optimize efficiency, but expensive solution, this solution brings additional space requirement the most therewith in addition.
A kind of alternative probability comprise on circuit engineering realize probability ground such as at DE 4,121 617 A1 and DE Disclosed in 196 09 803 C1, this probability is to analyze electric current at copped wave run duration curve in time, in order to draw Whether performed the conclusion of stepping by motor: the rate of climb of the electric current in wire turn and the voltage of applying, the resistance of coil Relevant with inductance.But the inductance of given stator coil itself is relevant with the position relative to each other of rotor and stator coil, when When stator-rotator alignment is maximum, that is when stator and rotor are positioned directly in before each other, the inductance of described stator coil is Big.As a result, therefore when rotor rotates, the inductance of stator coil is modulated.This modulation of inductance causes, rotor exceed as After lower position, it is closest at this position rotor and observed stator coil, the discernable ground of the width of copped wave pulse Reduce.
Therefore, people can as be disclosed more closely in DE 41 21 617 A1 and DE 196 09 803 C1 that Sample definition for the reference pulse width of copped wave pulse, can monitor copped wave pulse width and can be by by copped wave pulse It is used as the index for following situation first, i.e. carry out rotor rotation and therefore can pass through to give less than reference pulse width Next stator coil energising makes stepping next time start.This processing method is also with concept " chop control " (" Chopper- Control ") known.
But prove in practice, although the feedback of the type improves the efficiency of driving means, but also leaves improvement Space.Proving problematic, the stepping motor of stepping motor, particularly cramped construction pattern is due to its stator coil Winding high internal resistance and run duration along with power density rise and heating.This temperature rising itself brings internal resistance therewith Raise.Specifically, the resistance of the winding of the coil being made of copper such as is improved about 23% when temperature raises 60 DEG C.Coil Higher resistance cause the rising of width of copped wave pulse when constant voltage.
It means that the selection of reference pulse width (such as the motor temperature of 20 °) guarantees: in order to the next one is wanted The stator coil of manipulation was carried out in the moment substantially optimized, thus can reach the high efficiency of driving means when this temperature, Just it is lower than in copped wave pulse after a while when motor temperature 80 DEG C, thus the driving means when this motor temperature Efficiency is substantially deteriorated and motor runs with the step frequency lower than the most possible step frequency.But in contrast Ground, uses relatively (as this temperature such as will exist after the dwell when first start motor) when relatively low motor temperature Little reference pulse width is impossible.
By a kind of known method of DE 10 2,006 021 418 A1, in the method by the electricity monitored in connecting the moment The possible locking of motor is inferred in stream rise time and voltage measurement.
By US 2012/0014732 A1 it is known that draw current power by solving the current rise time connecting the moment The conclusion of machine temperature, in order to avoid motor overheating by reducing current specification value when motor temperature is too high.
Summary of the invention
The task of the present invention is, it is provided that a kind of for manipulating stepping motor, utilizes the method can be with higher Efficiency, particularly with higher step frequency run stepping motor.This task is come by the method with inventive feature Solve.A kind of method for manipulating stepping motor, in the method, the stator coil of stepping motor passes through Electronic Control Device is the most sequentially energized so that produces the electromagnetic field rotated, wherein, when being energized for given stator coil, passes through The electric current of the wire turn of this stator coil is electronically controlled device and first brings up to defined current specification value, and is reaching electricity After stream setting, electric current is chopped in the following way, i.e. passed through electric current by what electronic control device provided through wire turn It is cut off the constant time period repeatedly and then carries out copped wave pulse, being provided by electronic control device during copped wave pulse Be again switched on by electric current, until again reaching current specification value, wherein, described electronic control device is by each copped wave arteries and veins The width of punching with can be predetermined reference the persistent period compared with, the width of described copped wave pulse passes through to pass through electric current reclosing The most again the persistent period needed for reaching current specification value defines, and the width of once copped wave pulse is first less than reference Persistent period, described electronic control device begins to the stator coil energising to be energized as the next one, it is characterised in that institute Stating and be matched with the working condition of stepping motor with reference to the persistent period during manipulation stepping motor, wherein, described reference is held Continue the time coupling for the working condition of stepping motor during manipulation stepping motor based on copped wave pulse current wide The measurement of degree, the measurement of the current reference pulse width of copped wave pulse is carried out in static stepping motor, in order in manipulation During stepping motor, coupling is with reference to the persistent period, and described copped wave pulse is measured in the stepping motor of static energising Width is associated with copped wave pulse corresponding width in the stepping motor of the energising rotated on look-up table, and uses The value being associated included in look-up table is as the current reference persistent period.
According to the method being used for manipulating stepping motor according to the present invention, the stator coil of described stepping motor passes through Electronic control device is the most sequentially energized so that produce the electromagnetic field rotated.Here, when being energized for given stator coil It is electronically controlled device by the electric current of the wire turn of this stator coil and first brings up to defined current specification value, and connect , after reaching setting, electric current is chopped in the following way, i.e. that provided by electronic control device, through wire turn It is cut off the constant time period by electric current repeatedly and then carries out copped wave pulse, by Electronic Control during copped wave pulse What device provided is switched on by electric current, again until again reaching current specification value.
Here, as by chopped wave controlling method generally known as, described electronic control device is by each copped wave pulse Width with can be predetermined the reference persistent period compared with, the width of described copped wave pulse is by after reclosing by electric current Again the persistent period needed for reaching current specification value defines, and the width of once copped wave pulse is first less than with reference to continuing Time, described electronic control device begins to the stator coil energising to be energized as the next one.
To the present invention it is essential that, described with reference to the persistent period manipulation stepping motor during be matched with stepping motor Current operating conditions.Described stepping motor is caused to run near its operating point optimized all the time by this measure, thus Reach the efficiency improved.
According to the particularly advantageous embodiment of the one of the present invention, the described reference persistent period is in the manipulation stepping motor phase Between for stepping motor working condition coupling measurement based on reference pulse width, reference pulse width in pulsing operation Measuring in the stepping motor, so-called pre-power up phase of static energising by multiple cycles of current rise time of degree On carry out.Described pre-power up phase has following background, i.e. be placed in by motor defined in terms of stator-rotator alignment In original state, because there is following probability in the state being not powered on, i.e. rotor is between the two poles of the earth.This may lead again Cause disadvantageous starting characteristic, be energized therefore correspondingly to before starting motor wire turn in advance.The method here proposed is relative (the most only electric current is applied until first in the first time at electric current in the method described in US20120014732A1 It is evaluated during the cycle of the secondary current rise time reached between maximum) have the advantage that, i.e. reliably avoid The interference effect that occurs during motion and obtain by measuring the multiple time periods in these time periods there is less statistics The measured value of measurement error.
Prove be particularly suitable in the stepping motor of static energising measure copped wave pulse current width with In coupling during manipulation stepping motor with reference to the mode of persistent period: by described copped wave pulse in static energising Width measured in stepping motor on look-up table with copped wave pulse in the stepping motor of the energising rotated corresponding Width is associated, and uses the value being associated included in a lookup table as the current reference persistent period.
One in described embodiment is particularly advantageous to be further expanded in scheme, and described look-up table is in the following way Set up, i.e. for the sample of given step motor type, for including resistance (according to variations in temperature), inductance, voltage and electricity The various combination of stream solves copped wave pulse width in the stepping motor of static energising and copped wave pulse respectively and is rotating Energising stepping motor in respective width and store it in look-up table.Here, for each combination, with physics There is the value of resistance, inductance, voltage and current in relation possible on.Because not only resistance and inductance may be specific by it Characteristic (such as such as temperature dependency) and voltage are likely to such as be caused by unstable power supply rise at electric current and electric current Time-related change, but which parameter causes change to be unessential for observing the rise time, meaningfully by advance The time value solved in power up phase infers the stepping motor of the energising of (kommutieren) for commutation/rotation Time value.Use this solved chart to provide not only the probability of the resistance variations compensating static state and provide benefit Repaying the probability of dynamic resistance variations, it is long that the resistance variations of described static state such as may pass through production batch, different wires Or the most different connecting lines and the tolerance of contacting and cause, described dynamic resistance variations is such as by causing temperature Change and cause.
Addedly indicate, the temperature survey of the running temperature of motor can also be carried out by means of such chart, because Electric current and voltage can simply measure, and thus can calculate current coil resistance and can then by coil resistance The temperature dependency known solves motor temperature.
Being proved as particularly advantageously, the transient state at stepping motor of measuring of the current width of described copped wave pulse is shaken The state swung is carried out, that is, at least one rotor pole and stator poles are optimally in opposite directions that is are directed at, because at this shape Guaranteeing in state: avoid the interference effect of undefined rotor-position, this impact is by the backward voltage sensed electricity based on motor Kinetic potential (EMK) is caused.
It is particularly preferred that the measurement of the width that described copped wave pulse is in the stepping motor of static energising is pre-logical The electricity stage is carried out, because thus should carry out the moment noncontradictory that rotates at motor avoiding the time needs added.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The present invention is explained in more detail below by accompanying drawing.In figure:
Fig. 1 is shown in the stepping motor of rotation, in the stator coils the measured temporal curve of phase current;
Fig. 2 is shown in static stepping motor and when rotor-stator alignment is maximum, electricity mutually The measured temporal curve of stream;
Fig. 3 illustrates when applying not provide before electric current the rotor-stator of maximum on time, electronic in static stepping The measured temporal curve of phase current in the stator coils in machine;And
Fig. 4 is shown in amplifying locally and affiliated chopping signal of the signal in copped wave period Fig. 1.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 and time t is shown in the stepping motor of rotation the institute of phase current I (t) in the stator coils relatively The curve measured.The control signal of electronic control device is set at moment t (I0).Start to stator coil energising and continue straight Extremely reach predetermined maximum current intensity Imax at moment t (Imax1).Here, the inductance of the winding due to stator coil, phase Electric current is not to follow immediately but rises lentamente.This is according to DE 10 2,006 021418 A1 or US2012/ The persistent period that the training centre of 0014732 A1 is analyzed.
Then, electric current supply runs with being chopped into, as can particularly good find out in the amplification diagram of Fig. 4. Two curves that figure 4 illustrates represent chopping signal at following curve, this chopping signal and time correlation ground according to The state by electric current " high " of the connection of electronic control device and the shape by electric current of the disconnection according to electronic control device Toggle between state " low ".As can find out by curve, always when reaching Imax, chopping signal is with time fixing Between section be converted into state " low ".During the described time period, phase current I (t) declines, wherein, and the amplitude of decline and stator coil Inductance relevant, and because rotor is just towards described stator after applying control signals on observed stator coil Coil movement, so the amplitude declined becomes less the most in time.
As result, the chopping signal time period in the state of " high " always shortens until final reference persistent period quilt It is less than and the energising of next stator coil is activated.
Additionally, in figures 1 and 4 the most exemplarily by initial time t (Ichopper n) and end time t (Imax N+l) persistent period that labelling is following, the analysis of described persistent period is for updating with reference to the persistent period according to the present invention.
As by according to Fig. 2 in static stepping motor and when rotor-stator alignment is maximum, phase in the stator coils As the view of the measured temporal curve of electric current is drawn, in this case, the width of copped wave pulse is basic On be constant because the inductance of stator coil no longer changes.But, as long as this puts only working condition and particularly stator coil The temperature of wire turn keep constant and be just suitable for;If working condition changes, the resistance of stator coil just changes and therefore passes through Electric current also changes.Additionally, by comparison can find out with the situation in the motor of the rotation that figure 1 illustrates: until reaching electricity The rise time of stream Imax the most correspondingly shortens.
Therefore, however, it would be possible to, also ask in the resting state of stepping motor, such as during pre-power up phase Solve the width of copped wave pulse, the most also can realize the measurement repeatedly of result with average.The most in this case, static With the association between the width of the copped wave pulse in the stepping motor rotated must provide boundary condition such as resistance (according to temperature Degree), inductance, found and be made into chart in the case of voltage and current intensity.
Fig. 3 with other times than exemplifying when applying not provide before electric current the rotor-stator of maximum on time, The measured temporal curve of phase current in the stator coils in static stepping motor, becomes clearly by means of Fig. 3 It is that it is favourable for why implementing to measure in the state of the transient oscillation of stepping motor.Region on the left of axis of ordinates Can be seen that the superposition electric current waveform change curve by the change caused by copped wave of the envelope of curve I (t), this change Transient response and the EMK occurred at this of curve negotiating rotor are caused.Correspondingly, measure in such state with relatively High error and be more insecure.

Claims (4)

1., for the method manipulating stepping motor, in the method, the stator coil of stepping motor passes through electronic controller Part is the most sequentially energized so that produce the electromagnetic field rotated,
Wherein, when being energized for given stator coil, it is electronically controlled device by the electric current (I) of the wire turn of this stator coil First defined current specification value (I is brought up tomax), and reaching current specification value (ImaxAfter), electric current (I) is by such as Under type is chopped into, i.e. be cut off the constant time by what electronic control device provided repeatedly by electric current through wire turn Section and then carry out copped wave pulse, during copped wave pulse by electronic control device provide logical
Overcurrent is switched on again, until again reaching current specification value (Imax),
Wherein, described electronic control device by the width of each copped wave pulse with can be predetermined the reference persistent period compared with, institute State the width of copped wave pulse by again reaching the persistent period needed for current specification value after reclosing by electric current Definition, and the width of once copped wave pulse is first less than with reference to the persistent period, and described electronic control device begins to conduct Next stator coil energising to be energized,
It is characterized in that, the described work bar being matched with stepping motor with reference to the persistent period during manipulation stepping motor Part, wherein, described with reference to the persistent period during manipulation stepping motor the coupling base of working condition for stepping motor In the measurement of the current width of copped wave pulse, measuring at static stepping motor of the current reference pulse width of copped wave pulse In carry out,
In order to during manipulation stepping motor, coupling is with reference to the persistent period, described copped wave pulse is at the stepping electricity of static energising Width measured in motivation on look-up table with copped wave pulse corresponding width phase in the stepping motor of the energising rotated Association, and use the value being associated included in a lookup table as the current reference persistent period.
Method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described look-up table is set up in the following way, i.e. be given The sample of step motor type, for including that resistance, inductance, the various combination of voltage and current solve copped wave pulse respectively Width in the stepping motor of static energising and the copped wave pulse corresponding width in the stepping motor of the energising rotated Spend and store it in look-up table.
Method the most according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that the measurement of the current width of described copped wave pulse is in step The state of the transient oscillation entering motor is carried out.
Method the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that described copped wave pulse is at the stepping motor of static energising In the measurement of width carry out in pre-power up phase.
CN201380004503.XA 2012-06-29 2013-06-28 For the method manipulating stepping motor Active CN104040874B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012105740.0 2012-06-29
DE102012105740.0A DE102012105740A1 (en) 2012-06-29 2012-06-29 Method for controlling a stepping motor
PCT/EP2013/063721 WO2014001545A2 (en) 2012-06-29 2013-06-28 Method for actuating a stepping motor

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CN104040874A CN104040874A (en) 2014-09-10
CN104040874B true CN104040874B (en) 2016-12-21

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WO (1) WO2014001545A2 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102014112500A1 (en) * 2014-08-29 2016-03-03 Trinamic Motion Control Gmbh & Co. Kg Method and circuit arrangement for operating a stepper motor
DE112017006504T5 (en) 2016-12-22 2020-04-23 Cps Technology Holdings Llc VALVE ARRANGEMENT FOR A BATTERY COVER

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DE4121617A1 (en) * 1991-06-29 1993-01-07 Robotron Bueromasch Ag Logic information drive circuitry for stepper motor windings - has evaluation circuit for chopper pulses fed to power output stages for motor windings
DE19609803C1 (en) * 1996-03-13 1997-05-22 Bdt Buero Datentech Gmbh Stepping frequency circuit of stepper-motor drive e.g. for office machines and printers
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DE102006021418A1 (en) * 2006-05-05 2007-11-15 Bdt Ag Stepper motor controlling method for e.g. robotics mechanism, involves carrying out evaluation of operating current rise time in motor coil until maximum operating current is reached

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JPH05236796A (en) * 1992-02-19 1993-09-10 Tokyo Electric Co Ltd Driver for step motor
JPH06113596A (en) * 1992-09-29 1994-04-22 Canon Inc Step motor
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Patent Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4121617A1 (en) * 1991-06-29 1993-01-07 Robotron Bueromasch Ag Logic information drive circuitry for stepper motor windings - has evaluation circuit for chopper pulses fed to power output stages for motor windings
DE19609803C1 (en) * 1996-03-13 1997-05-22 Bdt Buero Datentech Gmbh Stepping frequency circuit of stepper-motor drive e.g. for office machines and printers
CN1288604A (en) * 1998-09-10 2001-03-21 精工爱普生株式会社 Stepper motor drive, method of driving steeper motor, timer and method of controlling timer
DE102006021418A1 (en) * 2006-05-05 2007-11-15 Bdt Ag Stepper motor controlling method for e.g. robotics mechanism, involves carrying out evaluation of operating current rise time in motor coil until maximum operating current is reached

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DE102012105740A1 (en) 2014-01-02
EP2680432B1 (en) 2020-03-25
EP2680432A3 (en) 2016-08-10
JP6054518B2 (en) 2016-12-27
WO2014001545A3 (en) 2014-05-08
JP2015516140A (en) 2015-06-04
WO2014001545A2 (en) 2014-01-03
CN104040874A (en) 2014-09-10
EP2680432A2 (en) 2014-01-01

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