CN104025129B - 用于防止nfc签条未授权转移的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
用于使授权的NFC使能的RFID设备与指定的物体或产品配对的方法、系统和装置。该方法、系统和装置可包括具有射频识别芯片、线圈天线、电桥和衬底的初级RFID;至少初级RFID设备与物体的关联;将材料集成进入至少初级RFID设备和向RFID设备提供预定共振频率的物体中的一个;和使位于RFID设备附近的一个或多个次级通讯设备解谐。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2012年9月10日提交的美国临时专利申请号61/698,839的利益,其通过引用以其整体并入本文。
背景技术
射频识别(RFID)设备——包括近场通信(NFC)使能的RFID设备——用于各种目的。通常,这些设备形成为签条或标签,并可用于使物体与标识码或其他数据诸如网站数据关联。这样的RFID设备可以是无源的,并且当接收信号例如来自RFID或NFC使能的阅读器的激发信号时被供能。然后设备可以与所期望的通信响应,或提供与RFID设备关联的产品、项目或服务关联的信息。
具体地,NFC是数据交换协议,其经设计允许包括适当装备的移动电话等的设备与基础设施,诸如销售点终端和运输系统的检票口,或例如以“智能海报”或“触摸点”形式的RFID设备相互作用。在这样的情境下,使NFC使能的装置接近这样的基础设施或RFID设备可引起数据传输至NFC使能的设备,导致例如网页打开、经蓝牙接受媒体流或许多其他功能中的任何一种。
通常,使产品、项目或服务与RFID设备关联的方式是将RFID设备物理耦合或粘附、附连、附加至产品或项目等,或将其与产品、物品或服务相关的广告、包装或营销材料,诸如产生本文描述的“触摸点”的“智能海报”关联。例如,RFID标签可粘合地或机械地(永久压敏粘合剂从而阻止移除、可切换的或可移除的粘合剂以使RFID签条可被移除、或机械地或其他物理附连,如钩型和环型紧固件)耦合至物体,或可以以其他方式具有直接附连至物体的表面。RFID签条可以其他方式固定至物体,例如通过使用塑料紧固件、细绳或其他紧固装置。这样的RFID设备然后可提供数据至位于或设置于RFID设备附近的NFC使能的设备。
另外,RFID设备经常以隐蔽或固定RFID设备的方式与产品或项目、包装或广告项目关联。这样的方法可提供安全性以防移除或滥用RFID设备。然而,在这样的环境下,并特别是在经设计传播信息给具有NFC使能的移动电话和设备的消费者的NFC使能的设备的情况下,如果NFC使能的设备位于与RFID设备关联的区域附近,则在广告、包装或产品上有可获得指示信息的指定区域(触摸点)。然而,当然后知道信息可从该区域获得时,蓄意破坏的或“盗用”RFID设备经常放置在指示的NFC区域附近。蓄意破坏的或盗用RFID设备经常含有欺诈的、误导的、不受欢迎的、伪造的或恶意的信息。这些设备可与产品和项目,或与这些项目相关联的广告耦合或连接,导致不适当的或恶意的信息不知不觉地通信至用户的NFC使能的设备,包括骗子企图营销或销售假冒商品和/或服务的犯罪。
发明内容
本发明以下所描述的实施方式不打算是穷尽的或将本发明限于以下详细描述中所公开的精确形式。相反,选择并且描述实施方式使得本领域其他技术人员可领会并理解本发明的原理和实践。
描述了用于使授权的NFC使能的RFID设备与指定的物体、产品或服务配对,并且使未授权的或盗用的RFID设备解谐的方法、系统和装置。示例性方法可包括下述步骤:形成至少初级射频识别设备,其具有射频识别芯片、线圈天线、电桥和衬底;将至少初级射频识别设备与物体关联;将材料整合进入至少初级射频识别设备和为射频识别设备提供预定共振频率的物体中的一个;并使位于射频识别设备附近的一个或多个次级通信设备解谐。
也可以描述允许具有期望的物体或产品的授权的NFC使能的RFID设备的示例性设备。NFC使能的RFID设备可包括用负载补偿器形成的标签或签条衬底;耦合至衬底的射频识别芯片;在衬底上形成的线圈天线;和电桥。
在更进一步的示例性实施方式中,可描述用于阻挡未授权的射频通信的系统。该系统可包括近场通信(NFC)使能的射频识别设备;与射频识别设备关联的物体;和由射频识别装置和物体中的至少一个一体形成的衬底,该衬底包含高介电材料、高磁导率材料、共振电感电路和传导区的至少一个。
对本领域技术人员而言本发明的其他特征和优点将由以下详细描述而变得显而易见。然而,应理解尽管表示本发明的优选和其他实施方式,但是通过例证而非限制的方式给出各种实施方式和具体实施例的详细描述。在本发明的范围内可做出许多改变和修改而不背离本发明的精神,并且本发明包括所有这样的修改。
附图说明
本发明的实施方式的优点将由以下示例性实施方式的详细描述中显而易见。以下详细描述应当结合附图考虑,其中:
图1a是具有授权的RFID设备的海报的示意图;
图1b是具有授权的RFID设备和未授权RFID的设备的智能海报或营销片的示意图;
图2a是结合RFID设备使用的衬底的示意图;
图2b是结合RFID设备使用的衬底的另一示意图;
图2c是结合RFID设备使用的衬底的又另一示意图;
图3a是具有用作负载补偿器的衬底的RFID设备的示例性示意图;
图3b是具有用作负载补偿器的传导区的RFID设备的另一示例性示意图。
具体实施方式
在以下本发明的具体实施方式涉及的描述和相关附图中公开了本发明的方面。可以在不背离本发明的精神或范围的情况下设计可替换的实施方式。另外,本发明的示例性实施方式中众所周知的要素将不再详细描述或被省略,以便不混淆本发明的相关细节。进一步,为了利于本说明书的理解,下面讨论本文使用的数个术语。
如本文所使用,词语“示例性”意思是“用作实施例、例子或说明”。本文所描述的实施方式不是限制性的,而仅仅是示例性的。应该理解,所描述的实施方式不必解释为较其他实施方式是优选的或有优势的。另外,术语“本发明的实施方式”、“实施方式”或“发明”并不要求本发明的所有实施方式包括所讨论的特征、优点或操作模式。
一般地参考图1-3,额外的材料诸如高相对磁导率铁氧体、高介电常数陶瓷、两者的结合、导体如铝,以及共振或部分共振的导体结构可用来提供所期望的NFC通信。在一些示例性实施方式中,额外的材料可固定于指示牌或表面,或整合进入所期望的RFID签条中。因此,RFID签条的设计可以是如此的,当RFID签条接近材料或结构时其共振频率接近或等于13.56MHz。然而,为接近自由空间负载条件所设计的常用NFC签条被解谐,使得它不太可能操作或显著减小读取范围。
图1a和图1b提供并入签条104,诸如RFID签条或设备的海报102的示意图,所述签条104具有NFC能力、减轻、解谐或使蓄意破坏的或未经授权的签条不可操作的方法。本发明所用的示例性RFID签条、标签或镶嵌物可从南卡莱罗纳州Clinton的Avery Dennison RFID公司获得。如本文所使用,RFID签条包括RFID标签、镶嵌物、媒介和类似结构。
近场RFID应用具有可对移动设备询问的有限距离,并且可用于提供RFID签条104可附着或以其他方式连接的关于项目、营销、广告、包装或服务的定向或特定信息。两英寸或更小的询问范围对于13.56MHz RFID技术是常见的。在示意图1a中,授权的RFID签条104可经设计当放置在高磁导率片材或衬底上时具有接近操作频率的共振负载频率。补偿接近高磁导率材料的RFID签条104的设计可通过下述技术实现:诸如但不限于通过更少的线圈环或引入磁场阻挡金属结构降低天线线圈的感应系数、选择具有较低内部电容的RFID芯片或减小电容性天线结构的尺寸,如在下面可更详细描述并显示。共振频率可以指交变磁场的频率,在交变磁场中最大功率可在询问器和RFID签条104之间传送。当RFID签条置于在应用使用情况下出现的配置中时,负载共振频率可以是RFID签条的共振频率。在这个例子中,RFID签条104可置于海报102上。海报102可进一步具有触摸点或NFC通信区域106,其为用户提供NFC使能的设备,以获得与海报102相关的信息或数据。如上所述,这些设备典型的询问范围大约是2英寸。在一些示例性实施方式中,RFID签条104或触摸点106可由下述材料形成,所述材料解谐或以其他方式损害置于RFID签条104或触摸点106附近的任何未授权的或不期望的通信设备的使用。
现参考示意图1b,大多数常用的HF RFID签条经设计经接近纸或薄塑料用于天线线圈结构的良性介电加载。这些HF RFID签条诸如签条108和签条110经常置于提供信息的授权或已知签条诸如RFID签条104附近,以便劫持移动设备的信号并且提供不期望的、未授权的或恶意的信息。如果一个或多个HF RFID签条108、110,例如不是经设计补偿对所附着在如图1b所显示的指定询问区域106中或接近其的高磁导率材料的接近,这些RFID签条108、110的加载共振频率可能显著改变。这可使未补偿的签条108、110解谐——移动设备实际使用的询问区域太小——或无法有效地操作。进一步,可能发生来自RFID签条104和移动设备的所期望通信,不受未授权的HF RFID签条108、110中的任一个的妨碍。
示意图2a、2b和2c是衬底的示意图,当所述衬底置于这些RFID签条附近时,可显著修改RFID签条的性能。衬底可识别为相对高介电衬底202、共振电感电路衬底204和相对高磁导率衬底206。这些衬底可固定于或以其他方式并入与RFID签条相关的物体或项目,例如包装、海报或其他营销或广告附属品。
在示意图2a和2c中,高相对介电衬底202和高磁导率衬底206可分别通过改变RFID签条区域,诸如示意图1a和1b中RFID签条104的触摸点区域106的有效波长实现共振频率的显著改变。例如,相对高介电衬底202可利用高相对介电材料,诸如但不限于陶瓷材料,并且相对高磁导率衬底206可利用高相对磁导率材料,诸如但不限于铁氧体材料。因此,衬底202可降低置于使用衬底202的签条附近的NFC签条加载的共振频率。
在示意图2b中,通过可在紧密接近的电感电路和RFID电路之间产生互感的两个电感器耦合205在一起,电感电路衬底204在RFID签条,诸如来自示意图1a和1b中的RFID签条104中可实现改变。
使用衬底202、204和206的示例性方法可具有经设计可用于补偿这些非典型的衬底202、204和206的负载共振频率的授权或指定的RFID签条(如RFID签条104)。可选地,设计用于对许多应用情况常见的良性衬底的未授权或蓄意破坏签条108和110(图1b)它们的性能显著改变或致使它们丧失能力。例如,如果授权的RFID签条诸如RFID签条104与衬底202、204和206中的一个配对,图1b中蓄意破坏的签条108和110就不能提供它们未授权的信号。
因此并且仍然参考示意图2a-c,衬底202、204和206中任一个的使用可形成需要专用“锁定”或授权的RFID设备在表面上起作用的概念。因此,为了适当的操作,可具有衬底(202、204、206)的电感电路加载条件的知识,其可允许授权的RFID签条适当工作。没有该知识或专用密钥的任何未授权的或蓄意破坏的签条不可运作来提供它们指定的通信能力。
示意图3a是阐释如此概念的示意图,其中授权的RFID签条300直接结合允许RFID签条,包括芯片302、线圈天线304和电桥306保持保准化的基本设计的电路补偿技术。在这样的示例性实施方式中,RFID签条300可以是NFC使能的签条。因此,这些方法可允许设计用于良性加载条件的通常可用的RFID签条用作锁定的或授权的RFID签条,或可允许在稍后的时间将补偿方法添加至RFID签条。
在RFID签条300中,签条衬底308中的铁氧体材料可提高电感线圈中的有效波长。因此,当RFID签条300置于其有效增加负载共振频率的衬底308上时,铁氧体衬底308可提供补偿器,以实现所期望的共振频率,如13.56MHz。相反,没有这种补偿方法的蓄意破坏的RFID签条(未示出)可通过海报或其他物体上的衬底308被显著解谐。另外,如果蓄意破坏的签条置于结合补偿器的授权的RFID签条300或镶嵌物上时,蓄意破坏的签条也可被显著解谐。
在示意图3b中,授权的RFID签条300可结合传导区310作为衬底负载补偿器。可作为天线线圈304制造过程的一部分或在分开的制造过程步骤中添加传导区310。传导区310的添加可通过干扰感应线圈304的磁场线造成天线线圈304电感的增加。当授权的RFID签条300置于海报上的指定区域(诸如示意图1a和1b所示的触摸点106)时,正确的或所期望的负载共振频率可实现,其可接近于大约13.56MHz的RFID操作频率。相反,通过海报中的衬底、签条的衬底或签条上的电感电路的任一个,没有结合负载补偿器的蓄意破坏的签条可显著被解谐。另外,正如图3a中的RFID签条300,在指定的签条上直接放置蓄意破坏的签条造成补偿方法显著解谐蓄意破坏的签条,使得蓄意破坏的或盗用的签条不可操作或显著变弱。
在更进一步的示例性实施方式中,任何各种锁定电感电路可在RFID签条诸如RFID签条300上使用。在一些示例性实施方式中,可形成避免金属短路补片的不规则形状的RFID签条。可选地,可利用补偿方法组合的不同衬底加载技术的组合可并入授权的RFID签条。在仍其他示例性实施方式中,可使用独特的签条形状与衬底加载方法的补偿方法的组合。
上文的描述和附图阐释本发明的原理、优选实施方式和操作模式。然而,本发明不应解释为限于上面讨论的具体实施方式。本领域技术人员将认识到上面讨论的实施方式的额外变型。
因此,上述实施方式应该视为说明性的而不是限制性的。所以,应认识到在不背离如由以下权利要求所限定的本发明保护范围的情况下,本领域技术人员可做出这些实施方式的变型。
Claims (17)
1.使NFC使能的RFID设备与物体配对的方法,其包括:
提供至少一种RFID设备,其具有RFID芯片、天线、电桥和衬底;
将所述至少一种RFID设备与物体关联;
将材料集成进入所述至少一种RFID设备和所述物体中,使得所述材料向所述RFID设备提供期望的共振频率;以及
使位于所述RFID设备附近的一个或多个未授权的通信设备解谐,所述一个或多个未授权的通信设备不是被设计用于负载的共振频率以补偿位于所述至少一种RFID设备中的所述材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述天线是线圈天线。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述RFID设备放置于海报上。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中所述海报具有触摸点区域。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中所述触摸点使置于所述RFID设备附近的任何所述未授权的通信设备的使用解谐。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述衬底包括介电材料、导磁材料、共振电感电路和传导区的至少一种。
7.用于阻挡未授权的射频通信的系统,其包括:
NFC使能的RFID设备;
所述RFID设备与其关联的物体;和
由所述RFID设备和所述物体形成的衬底,其中所述衬底包括高介电材料、高磁导率材料、共振电感电路和传导区的至少一种,其中所述材料向所述RFID设备提供期望的共振频率,并且位于所述RFID设备附近的一个或多个未授权的通信设备不是被设计用于负载的共振频率以补偿位于所述RFID设备中的所述材料。
8.根据权利要求7所述的系统,其中所述设备具有两英寸或更小的询问范围。
9.根据权利要求7所述的系统,其中所述设备具有接近操作频率的共振加载频率。
10.NFC使能的RFID设备,其包括:
由负载补偿器形成的衬底,其中包括在所述衬底中的材料向所述RFID设备提供期望的共振频率,并且位于所述RFID设备附近的一个或多个未授权的通信设备不是被设计用于负载的共振频率以补偿位于所述RFID设备中的所述材料;
耦合至所述衬底的RFID芯片;和
在所述衬底上形成的天线。
11.根据权利要求10所述的设备,其中所述衬底包括铁氧体材料。
12.根据权利要求10所述的设备,其中所述设备结合传导区作为所述负载补偿器。
13.根据权利要求10所述的设备,其中所述天线是线圈天线。
14.根据权利要求10所述的设备,其中所述设备的询问范围是2英寸。
15.根据权利要求10所述的设备,其中所述衬底是介电衬底。
16.根据权利要求10所述的设备,其中所述设备放置于海报上。
17.根据权利要求10所述的设备,其中所述设备进一步包括电桥。
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US20170323124A1 (en) | 2017-11-09 |
BR112014011243A2 (pt) | 2017-05-09 |
US20140070923A1 (en) | 2014-03-13 |
US9734365B2 (en) | 2017-08-15 |
EP2771845B1 (en) | 2019-01-02 |
CN104025129A (zh) | 2014-09-03 |
US10282572B2 (en) | 2019-05-07 |
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