CN104019929A - Online rotating shaft torque measurement method based on relative displacement measurement of eddy current - Google Patents
Online rotating shaft torque measurement method based on relative displacement measurement of eddy current Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an online rotating shaft torque measurement method based on relative displacement measurement of eddy current. By means of mechanisms such as a clamping ring, a displacement measurement arm, a displacement reference arm, an auxiliary support and a restraining damper, measurement on the rotating shaft torque is ingeniously converted to measurement on relative displacement of two points on a shaft. A reflection type eddy current displacement sensor is adopted for relative displacement measurement, has the capacity for resisting severe environments such as the environment with dust, the environment with greasy dirt, the environment with smoke and the damp environment, has very high displacement measurement resolution and accuracy, can conduct zero position calibration at any time and conduct forward and reverse online measurement, and is particularly suitable for the situations where the shaft diameter is large, the rigidity is high, the torsion angle is quite small and the work environment is severe. According to the method, by means of comprehensive measures such as a trapezoid beam, a restraining damper layer, the auxiliary support and the method of adding the restraining damper to a free end, the influences of vibration on the measurement result are reduced to the maximum degree, and measurement accuracy is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of torsion-testing method, particularly a kind of Shaft Torque on-line testing method of measuring based on current vortex relative displacement.
Background technology
Torsion-testing is the requisite contents such as various Machinery Products Development, quality inspection, optimal control, monitoring of working condition and fault diagnosis.Conventional torque of rotating shaft measuring method mainly contains strain-type and corner-type.Strain type adopts the classic method at turning axle surface label foil gauge, utilize suitable circuit to obtain signal, then carry out analyzing and processing, this kind of sensor is because of in the torque measurement that is widely used in static and low speed rotation system with low cost and easy and simple to handle, shortcoming is that humidity, temperature, vibration etc. can affect life-span and the functional reliability of sensor, and need to properly settle reliable power supply and signal transmission issues in rotating condition.Corner type essence is indirectly to measure moment of torsion by measuring the torsional deflection angle of axle, generally can realize non-cpntact measurement, but because the rigidity of general rotating shaft is all very large, the actual torsional deflection angle producing is very little, to the Measurement accuracy at machine microdeformation angle, is the key of corner-type torsion-testing method.
Through the literature search of prior art is found, the main method of existing measurement axle torsional deflection be by axle vertically certain distance two groups of grid formulas be installed (hold grid, magnetic grid, grating) sensor, during axle rotation, by measuring the phase differential of two pulse signals, resolve torsional deflection angle and the moment of torsion of axle, the paper of delivering as people such as Chinese patent " the photo-electric reflection type dynamic torque method of testing CN201210388605.3 of equal diameter rotating shaft " He Ji little armies " a kind of design and realization of axle torsional deflection dynamic measurement system ", with reflective laser gauge head be produced on the color mark sensor that colour code band on turning axle forms responsive rotating speed and action torque, by FPGA counting principle, detect the phase differential of two pulse signals.The shortcoming of this method of testing is difficult to keep that initial zero-bit is constant, reliability is poor, poor anti jamming capability while being on-the-spot use, measuring accuracy is limited.
Through the literature search of prior art is found, Chinese patent " torsional angle deformation measurer (CN200520034454.7) " and " the laser measuring device for measuring CN91222479.7 of torsion angle " disclose respectively the method that adopts dial gauge and laser measuring device for measuring to measure shaft distortion angle, but this mode can only, for the test of the torsion angle of static shaft, be not suitable for turning axle and use.
Summary of the invention
The present invention be directed to the problem of the in-site measurement difficulty of larger rotation shaft dynamic torque, a kind of Shaft Torque on-line testing method of measuring based on current vortex relative displacement has been proposed, by eddy current displacement sensor, measure axle torsional deflection, and then method of testing, especially applicable larger rotation shaft and the severe industry spot use of indirectly measuring Shaft Torque
.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of Shaft Torque on-line testing method of measuring based on current vortex relative displacement, specifically comprises the steps:
1) set up the torsion-testing apparatus of measuring based on relative displacement: comprise tested rotating shaft, left and right snap ring, supplemental support, displacement measurement arm, reference arm, damping-constraining device, eddy current displacement sensor and metering circuit;
Left and right snap ring is individually fixed in the two ends of the tested axle of walking around, and supplemental support is positioned at both centre positions of left and right snap ring, is installed in tested rotating shaft; The butt end of displacement measurement arm and reference arm connects firmly by left and right snap ring and tested rotating shaft respectively, with rotating shaft, together rotates;
The other end taper end of displacement measurement arm and reference arm is freely placed in supplemental support, becomes free end, when static, displacement measurement arm and reference arm are parallel to each other, and parallel and survey turns shaft axis simultaneously, during motion, the free end of displacement measurement arm and reference arm can be free to slide along supporting cambered surface; The free end face of displacement measurement arm is installed reflective electric vortex displacement transducer on reference arm, and the free end face of reference arm is installed copper induction disk to displacement measurement arm place, forms the reference point to eddy displacement sensor;
Free end outside at displacement measurement arm and reference arm arranges respectively identical damping-constraining device, the shell of damping-constraining device is fixed in supplemental support, eddy current displacement sensor is arranged on the free end of displacement measurement arm, forms with reference arm free end the relative reference point of measuring displacement;
2) metering circuit is fixed in tested rotating shaft, output drive, to eddy current sensor, obtains the output signal of sensor, static or there is no torque load in the situation that in rotating shaft, the output correspondence system zero-bit of eddy current displacement sensor, demarcates system zero point;
3) while working there is torsional deflection in tested rotating shaft under by torque load effect, drive displacement measurement arm and reference arm to relatively move, on eddy current displacement sensor and reference arm, the relative distance of copper disk reference point changes, under positive torque or reactive torque effect, the output of eddy current displacement sensor signal and the proportional voltage signal that is related to of displacement, metering circuit Real-time Collection eddy current displacement sensor signal;
4) be vertically directly proportional to torque load to axial displacement, scale-up factor determines by measuring member, and metering circuit calculates real-time torque load data according to collection signal, by wireless mode, sends.
The optional mechanical damping of described damping-constraining device or fluid damping, select damper performance parameter according to measurement range and resolution requirement.
Described displacement measurement arm is identical with reference arm structure, has adopted the ladder beam structure of high rigidity, and girder construction surface arranges restriction damping layer and viscoelastic layer, and while being subject to effect of vibration, damping layer generation detrusion makes the energy of mechanical vibration change into heat energy.
In supplemental support on described measured axis, connect firmly a pair of damping-constraining device, a pair of damping-constraining device one end is fixed in supplemental support, and the other end is fixed on gage beam and reference arm.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: the present invention is based on the Shaft Torque on-line testing method that current vortex relative displacement is measured, be not used in traditional strain or phase differential test thinking, and be converted to the measurement of displacement.Compared with prior art, eddy current displacement sensor has very strong link adaptive faculty, has the ability of the rugged surroundings such as anti-dust, greasy dirt, smog, humidity, thereby is applicable to severe industry spot use, has very high reliability and long-time stability; Eddy current displacement sensor has very high displacement measurement resolution and precision, and commercial sensor is easy to reach the measuring accuracy of 0.01um in small-range scope.Thereby the high precision measurement of the small torsional deflection of applicable large-diameter size; Calibration and the zero correction of test macro easily realize, and can under static condition, carry out at any time Zero positioning, are different from phase-difference type measuring method, must under the unloaded rotating condition of axle, could calibrate zero-bit.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is measuring principle schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 the present invention is based on the torsion-testing scheme schematic diagram that relative displacement is measured;
Fig. 3 is reference arm structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is damping-constraining device of the present invention and connection diagram thereof;
Fig. 5 is metering circuit functional block diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Measuring principle schematic diagram of the present invention as shown in Figure 1, for two of L some A, B in a distance in rotating shaft, when axle is during with certain torque load rotation, A, 2 of B can produce relative torsion distortion.The relative torsion distortion angle θ producing on axial distance L:
θ=ML／JG
In formula: J is the polar moment of inertia in measured axis cross section; M is torque load; G is axle shear elasticity.
Due to distortion, angle θ is very little, and it and the relation vertically and between axial displacement deformation Δ s can be equivalent to:
So relative displacement Δ s is directly proportional to moment of torsion, wherein k is the scale-up factor determining by measuring member, can test in advance and demarcate.Therefore can carry out indirectly testing torque load M by test relative displacement Δ s.
Under this guidance of principle, Fig. 2 has provided the torsion-testing scheme schematic diagram of measuring based on relative displacement, comprises tested rotating shaft 1, left and right snap ring 2 and 3, supplemental support 4, displacement measurement arm 5, reference arm 6, damping-constraining device 7, eddy current displacement sensor 8 and metering circuit 9.
Left and right snap ring 2,3 is fixed on the two ends of tested rotating shaft 1, and supplemental support 4 is positioned at left and right snap ring 2,3 both centre positions, is installed in tested rotating shaft 1; The butt end of displacement measurement arm 5 and reference arm 6 connects firmly by left and right snap ring 2,3 and tested rotating shaft 1 respectively, with rotating shaft, together rotates.The other end of displacement measurement arm 5 and reference arm 6 (taper end) is freely placed in supplemental support 4, when static, displacement measurement arm 5 and reference arm 6 are parallel to each other, and simultaneously parallel and survey axle 1 axis of walking around, during motion, the free end (taper end) of displacement measurement arm 5 and reference arm 6 can be free to slide along supporting cambered surface.The free end of displacement measurement arm 5 (taper end) is installed reflective electric vortex displacement transducer 8 on reference arm 6, and the free end of reference arm 6 (taper end) is installed copper induction disk 9 towards displacement measurement arm 5 places, forms the reference point to eddy displacement sensor 8.In order to overcome the measuring error causing because of mechanical vibration, in the free end outside of displacement measurement arm 5 and reference arm 6, identical damping-constraining device 7 is set respectively.The shell of damping-constraining device 7 is fixed in supplemental support 4 (in supplemental support 4, damping-constraining device 7 is installed at the moving range place that the free end of displacement measurement arm 5 and reference arm 6 is placed in supplemental support 4, can be used for overcoming the measuring error causing because of mechanical vibration), damping-constraining device 7 can adopt mechanical damping or fluid damping, need to be according to measurement range and resolution requirement choose reasonable damper performance parameter.Eddy current displacement sensor 8 is arranged on the free end of displacement measurement arm 5, forms with reference arm 6 free ends the relative reference point of measuring displacement.Metering circuit 10 is fixed in tested rotating shaft 1, is responsible for, to eddy current sensor 8 excitations, obtaining the output signal of sensor 8, after conditioning, modulation, it is sent by wireless mode.
In order to overcome the impact of shafting vibration on test result, for displacement measurement arm 5 and reference arm 6, except its free end arranges damping-constraining device 7, reference arm structural representation as shown in Figure 3, adopted in shape the ladder beam structure of high rigidity, and on its surface, restriction damping layer structure is set, at base layer structure surface additional restriction damping layer (aluminium or carbon fiber) and viscoelastic layer (bonded adhesives) (in the layering of ladder beam body structure surface) with homalographic, when being subject to effect of vibration, thereby damping layer generation detrusion makes the energy of mechanical vibration change into thermal energy consumption to be dissipated, reach the object of effective minimizing resonance.The free end of reference arm 6 arranges the copper disk of a surfacing as vortex induction district, and disk diameter is 3-5 times of sensor diameter; The structure of displacement measurement arm 5 is identical with reference arm 6, just copper disk position is replaced with displacement transducer 8, and make the displacement transducer 8 of displacement measurement arm 5 and the copper disk 9 of reference arm 6 over against; Both effective lengths are also identical, when effective length is rotation, axial length, is exactly displacement measurement arm 5 and the distance of snap ring 3 point of fixity to displacement transducer 8 to displacement measurement arm 5, to reference arm 6, is exactly reference arm 6 and the distance of snap ring 2 point of fixity to copper disk 9 centers; It is 1mm that displacement transducer 8 adopts range ability, measuring accuracy reaches the KD2306 high precision electro eddy displacement sensor of 0.1 μ m, it has the ability of the rugged surroundings such as anti-dust, greasy dirt, smog, humidity, and ℃-105 ℃, operating temperature range-55 are applicable to severe industry spot and use.As shown in Figure 4, supplemental support 4 structures that connect firmly on measured axis are crucial parts, both can bracing displacement gage beam 5 and reference arm 6, can not make again displacement measurement arm 5 and reference arm 6 depart from, a pair of damping-constraining device 7 one end are fixed in supplemental support 4, the other end is fixed on gage beam 5 or reference arm 6, and the free end of displacement measurement arm and reference arm all flexibly connects with damper, for suppressing the vertically opposite vibration of gage beam 5 and reference arm 6.
During work there is torsional deflection in tested rotating shaft 1 under by torque load effect, drive displacement measurement arm 5 and reference arm 6 to relatively move, thereby the relative distance of copper disk 9 reference point on eddy current displacement sensor 8 and reference arm 6 is changed, under positive torque or reactive torque effect, this relative distance increases or reduces, eddy current displacement sensor 8 outputs and the proportional voltage signal that is related to of displacement.Static or there is no torque load in the situation that, the output correspondence system zero-bit of eddy current displacement sensor 8, so can demarcate zero point system at any time easily in rotating shaft 1.
As shown in Figure 5, the power module that metering circuit 10 comprises, signal condition module, signal acquisition module, wireless transport module.The voltage signal of eddy current displacement sensor 8 outputs, after filtering conditioning and A/D conversion, transfers out by CC1100 micropower wireless data transmission module.Whole metering circuit is coordinated to control by microprocessor MSP430.Power supply can adopt battery or slip ring form.
Claims (4)
1. a Shaft Torque on-line testing method of measuring based on current vortex relative displacement, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
1) set up the torsion-testing apparatus of measuring based on relative displacement: comprise tested rotating shaft, left and right snap ring, supplemental support, displacement measurement arm, reference arm, damping-constraining device, eddy current displacement sensor and metering circuit;
Left and right snap ring is individually fixed in the two ends of the tested axle of walking around, and supplemental support is positioned at both centre positions of left and right snap ring, is installed in tested rotating shaft; The butt end of displacement measurement arm and reference arm connects firmly by left and right snap ring and tested rotating shaft respectively, with rotating shaft, together rotates;
The other end taper end of displacement measurement arm and reference arm is freely placed in supplemental support, becomes free end, when static, displacement measurement arm and reference arm are parallel to each other, and parallel and survey turns shaft axis simultaneously, during motion, the free end of displacement measurement arm and reference arm can be free to slide along supporting cambered surface; The free end face of displacement measurement arm is installed reflective electric vortex displacement transducer on reference arm, and the free end face of reference arm is installed copper induction disk to displacement measurement arm place, forms the reference point to eddy displacement sensor;
Free end outside at displacement measurement arm and reference arm arranges respectively identical damping-constraining device, the shell of damping-constraining device is fixed in supplemental support, eddy current displacement sensor is arranged on the free end of displacement measurement arm, forms with reference arm free end the relative reference point of measuring displacement;
2) metering circuit is fixed in tested rotating shaft, output drive, to eddy current sensor, obtains the output signal of sensor, static or there is no torque load in the situation that in rotating shaft, the output correspondence system zero-bit of eddy current displacement sensor, demarcates system zero point;
3) while working there is torsional deflection in tested rotating shaft under by torque load effect, drive displacement measurement arm and reference arm to relatively move, on eddy current displacement sensor and reference arm, the relative distance of copper disk reference point changes, under positive torque or reactive torque effect, the output of eddy current displacement sensor signal and the proportional voltage signal that is related to of displacement, metering circuit Real-time Collection eddy current displacement sensor signal;
4) be vertically directly proportional to torque load to axial displacement, scale-up factor determines by measuring member, and metering circuit calculates real-time torque load data according to collection signal, by wireless mode, sends.
2. the Shaft Torque on-line testing method of measuring based on current vortex relative displacement according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the optional mechanical damping of described damping-constraining device or fluid damping are selected damper performance parameter according to measurement range and resolution requirement.
3. the Shaft Torque on-line testing method of measuring based on current vortex relative displacement according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described displacement measurement arm is identical with reference arm structure, adopted the ladder beam structure of high rigidity, girder construction surface arranges restriction damping layer and viscoelastic layer, while being subject to effect of vibration, damping layer generation detrusion makes the energy of mechanical vibration change into heat energy.
4. the Shaft Torque on-line testing method of measuring based on current vortex relative displacement according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in supplemental support on described measured axis, connect firmly a pair of damping-constraining device, a pair of damping-constraining device one end is fixed in supplemental support, and the other end is fixed on gage beam and reference arm.
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| CN104330198A (en) * | 2014-11-11 | 2015-02-04 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七0四研究所 | Flexible support based torque calibration and measurement device |
| CN105783764A (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2016-07-20 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七0四研究所 | Fiber bragg grating strain sensor calibrating device |
| CN109307471A (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-02-05 | 福建福清核电有限公司 | A kind of nuclear power station main feed pump axial displacement sensor zero point scaling method |
| CN112129440A (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2020-12-25 | 陈会良 | Bob torque sensor |
| CN113390607A (en) * | 2021-05-14 | 2021-09-14 | 东方电气集团科学技术研究院有限公司 | Non-contact displacement testing method for flow-induced vibration of tube bundle structure |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113390607A (en) * | 2021-05-14 | 2021-09-14 | 东方电气集团科学技术研究院有限公司 | Non-contact displacement testing method for flow-induced vibration of tube bundle structure |
| CN113390607B (en) * | 2021-05-14 | 2023-03-24 | 东方电气集团科学技术研究院有限公司 | Non-contact displacement testing method for flow-induced vibration of tube bundle structure |
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