CN104013417B - A kind of X-ray optical field imaging based on pinhole array and scaling method - Google Patents

A kind of X-ray optical field imaging based on pinhole array and scaling method Download PDF

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CN104013417B
CN104013417B CN201410172371.8A CN201410172371A CN104013417B CN 104013417 B CN104013417 B CN 104013417B CN 201410172371 A CN201410172371 A CN 201410172371A CN 104013417 B CN104013417 B CN 104013417B
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林丽莉
周文晖
王秀萍
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Zhejiang Gongshang University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of X-ray optical field imaging based on pinhole array and scaling method, comprise step 1: set up the X-ray optical field imaging model based on pinhole array, comprise X-ray source array, pinhole array and radioscopic image sensor; Step 2: set up linear exposure mapping graph, realizes the exposure normalization of X-ray light field image; Step 3: the pin hole center demarcating X-ray light field image, to extract the center of each pin hole image; Step 4: according to the pin hole image center obtained in step 3, extract each X-ray source image; Step 5: extract each X-ray source image according to step 4, extracts the pixel at same position place in each pin hole image, is reassembled as a frame X-ray source image; Step 6: the X-ray source image by extracted X-ray source video conversion being orthogonal arrangement.The optical field imaging theoretical extension of visible ray in x-ray imaging, is met the requirement to the image quality of X ray image in clinic diagnosis by the present invention.

Description

A kind of X-ray optical field imaging based on pinhole array and scaling method
Technical field
The present invention relates to the optical field imaging technology in X-ray Medical Imaging, refer to a kind of X-ray optical field imaging based on pinhole array and scaling method especially.
Background technology
Optical field imaging is on the basis of conventional imaging devices, realizes optical field acquisition by camera array, code aperture or microlens array.Based in the optical field imaging of camera array, Stanford Univ USA M.Levoy constructed the 4 dimension optical field acquisition platforms be made up of 128 cameras in 1996 [1].American South University of California P.Debevec achieved the 4 dimension static change illumination acquisition system gathered for face first in 2000 [2], domestic Tsing-Hua University wears Qionghai professor and has built domestic first diameter 6 meters, comprises the dynamic light field acquisition system of change illumination of 40 cameras and 310 LED light sources [3].The diameter 10 meters of current Fia, the dynamic light field acquisition system of 7 degree of freedom of high 7 meters have been built jointly in Electronic University Of Science & Technology Of Hangzhou by project team in 2012 and Tsing-Hua University [4].
A.Levin [5]and A.Veeraraghavan [6]the light-field capture technology based on code aperture is proposed Deng people.It is the lens aperture place intercalation model brake sack at traditional camera, utilize lens model to derive relation between target to the distance and defocusing blurring of focal plane, and join probability model recovers depth information and pan focus image.But the method needs longer time of exposure and signal noise ratio (snr) of image is lower.
Masschusetts, u.s.a science and engineering E.Adelson proposed light-field camera first in 1992 [7]concept, Stanford Univ USA R.Ng in 2005 [8]perfect further.The method inserts microlens array at the imaging plane place of traditional camera, in order to record the Electric dipole radiation of incident illumination, and is delivered on photoelectric sensor by a relay lens and realizes 4 dimension static light field imagings.Its core concept replaces camera array with microlens array, exchanges radiation angle resolution for, the defect that inevitably Existential Space resolution is low to sacrifice imaging space resolution.The people such as recent A.Lumsdaine and T.Georgiev propose convergence type light-field camera Plenoptic2.0 [9,10], the view of higher spatial resolution is gone out in conjunction with super-resolution rebuilding technology restructural.Relative to camera array and code aperture method, the optical field imaging technology based on microlens array is more tending towards ripe, and the venture company Lytro of U.S. Silicon Valley in 2012 is proposed the portable light-field camera of first consumer level of the whole world, focus function after can realizing first taking pictures.Raytrix company of Germany is also proposed the light-field camera of scientific research and commercial Application level.
The optical field imaging technological break-through limitation of traditional imaging model, this also provides new approaches and new method for medical image imaging and calculating.But the optical field imaging technology now proposed is all based on visible reflectance image-forming principle, and normally Transmission Attenuation imaging in medical image, imaging mechanism exists difference in essence, and the physical meaning representated by both image brilliances is not identical yet.Recent domestic research worker is devoted to optical field imaging technology to combine with medical image always, and M.Levoy proposes the light field microscope based on visible transmission imaging [11]; The people such as domestic Hu Jiasheng propose based on the x-ray imaging of code aperture and high precision image reconstruct thereof [12]; The people such as Wang little Long propose the x-ray imaging scintillator formation method adopting Lytro camera [13].But said method all cannot meet the image quality to X ray image in clinic diagnosis at present.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiencies in the prior art, by the optical field imaging theoretical extension of visible ray in x-ray imaging, depth information is lost to solve X ray image in clinic diagnosis, cause different depth image overlap and be difficult to distinguish problem, and propose a kind of to lose without depth information, askiatic overlap, there is low dosage, fast imaging, meet the X-ray optical field imaging based on pinhole array and scaling method that in clinic diagnosis, the image quality of X ray image are required.
The present invention realizes the technical scheme that its technical purpose adopts: a kind of X-ray optical field imaging based on pinhole array and scaling method, comprise the following steps:
Step 1: set up the X-ray optical field imaging model based on pinhole array, comprise X-ray source array, pinhole array and radioscopic image sensor, described X-ray source array is made up of the two-dimensional planar array of M × N orthogonal arrangement multiple X-ray source, described pinhole array is arranged on X-ray mask plate by one group and forms in the pin hole of P × Q hexagonal array, and described radioscopic image sensor is that one group of X-ray can the digital image sensor of direct imaging;
Step 2: set up linear exposure mapping graph, realizes the exposure normalization of X-ray light field image, is specially:
A frame light field image is obtained as noise image I all X sources are closed in X source array n;
In X source array, all X sources are opened, and when radioscopic image sensor electronic aperture time is set to the shortest, obtain a frame light field image as low exposed image I l;
In X source array, all X sources are opened, and when radioscopic image sensor electronic aperture time is set to grow most, obtain a frame light field image as high exposed image I h;
Set up linear exposure mapping graph M:
M ( i , j ) = I h ( i , j ) - I l ( i , j ) avg ( I h ) - avg ( I l )
Wherein avg () is the average calculating all pixels in image;
For a frame X-ray light field image I, after exposure normalization, image I ' is:
I ′ ( i , j ) = I ( i , j ) - I n ( i , j ) M ( i , j )
Step 3: the pin hole center demarcating X-ray light field image, to extract the center of each pin hole image, is specially:
According to desirable pin hole image size, X-ray light field image extracts the desired center position of each pin hole image; Described desirable pin hole image size, refer to and to determine according to design parameter and to expect the size of the pin hole image obtained, described desired center position, refers to the position set in parameter designing process;
Employing variance is σ=w/6, and average is that the two-dimensional Gaussian function of 0 is to high exposed image I hcarry out 2-d gaussian filters, obtain filtered light field image I g;
According to light field image I g, near the desired center position of pin hole image, find peak point as this pin hole image center;
Step 4: according to the pin hole image center obtained in step 3, extract each X-ray source image, be specially:
For the pin hole image center (u of certain pin hole 0, v 0), adopt two dimensional image interpolation method to extract (u 0+ i, v 0+ j) pixel value of position, wherein i and j gets integer value between [-w/2, w/2], all pixels extracted is formed the pin hole image of this pin hole, can obtain P × Q pin hole image altogether.
Step 5: extract each X-ray source image according to step 4, extracts the pixel at same position place in each pin hole image, is reassembled as a frame X-ray source image; X-ray source image spatial resolution is P × Q pixel, and the number that can obtain X-ray source image is the number of pixels of pin hole image; Because pinhole array is by hexagonal array, the pixel therefore in extracted X-ray source image is also by hexagonal array;
Step 6: adopting hexagon-orthogonal arrangement lattice point conversion method, is the X-ray source image of orthogonal arrangement by extracted X-ray source video conversion;
The X-ray source image of all orthogonal arrangement consists of the X-ray light field data after correction, the X-ray source image of described X-ray light field data to be one group of size be array of source size.
The optical field imaging theoretical extension of visible ray in x-ray imaging, for X-ray transmission decay imaging characteristic, is devised a kind of X-ray optical field imaging method based on pinhole array, and proposes corresponding X-ray light field image scaling method by the technical scheme of this invention.Thus the optical field imaging of visible ray theory and Processing Algorithm can be applied to x-ray imaging field.The technical scheme of this invention combines the heavy focus algorithm of visible ray light field ripe at present, single exposure is only needed to take the heavily focusing that just can realize different depth position, set up the three-dimensional chromatography image under corresponding shooting angle, solve X ray image in clinic diagnosis and lose depth information, cause different depth image overlap and be difficult to distinguish problem, there is the feature of low dosage and fast imaging simultaneously, be applicable to clinic diagnosis requirement.
As preferably, in described X-ray source array, the spacing u of adjacent two X-ray source meets:
u x = L L ′
Wherein x is the spacing of adjacent two sensing units in radioscopic image sensor (array), and L is the distance that pinhole array arrives X-ray source array, and L ' is for pinhole array is to the distance of radioscopic image sensor.Size due to X-ray source array determines the angular resolution of X-ray optical field imaging, and when the spacing u of two X-ray source adjacent in X-ray source array meets above-mentioned condition, the angular resolution of X-ray optical field imaging can reach optimum.
As preferably, the pin hole image spatial resolution that in pinhole array, each pin hole is formed is w × w pixel, and wherein w gets the maximum of M and N; In pinhole array, adjacent needles pitch of holes p is xw;
Pinhole diameter d meets:
d = x · w · t 2 L ′
Wherein t is the thickness of X-ray mask plate.
Pin-hole imaging visual angle α is:
α = 2 tan - 1 ( d t )
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: should based on the X-ray optical field imaging of pinhole array and scaling method, single exposure is only needed to take the heavily focusing that just can realize different depth position, set up the three-dimensional chromatography image under corresponding shooting angle, solve X ray image in clinic diagnosis and lose depth information, cause different depth image overlap and be difficult to distinguish problem, there is the feature of low dosage and fast imaging simultaneously.
Should based on the X-ray optical field imaging of pinhole array and scaling method, by the optical field imaging theoretical extension of visible ray in x-ray imaging, pinhole array adopts hexagonal array to ensure that the high coverage rate of sensing unit on x-ray imaging face, meets the requirement to the image quality of X ray image in clinic diagnosis.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of planar structure schematic diagram of X-ray optical field imaging in the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a kind of structural representation of X-ray source array M × N orthogonal arrangement in the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a kind of geometry schematic diagram of X-ray pin-hole imaging in the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of a kind of P × Q hexagonal array of pinhole array in the present invention;
Fig. 5 is a kind of structural representation of pin-hole imaging geometric model in the present invention;
Detailed description of the invention
Also by reference to the accompanying drawings technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail below by specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1:
Based on X-ray optical field imaging and the scaling method of pinhole array, comprise the following steps:
Step 1: set up a kind of X-ray optical field imaging model based on pinhole array, its imaging plane structural representation as shown in Figure 1, comprises X-ray source array, pinhole array and radioscopic image sensor.Radioscopic image sensor adopts X-ray can the digital image sensor of direct imaging.Radioscopic image sensor array is classified as one group of X-ray can the digital image sensor of direct imaging.In the present embodiment, what imageing sensor adopted is one piece of CCD or CMOS chip.
X-ray source array forms the two-dimensional planar array of M × N orthogonal arrangement by multiple X-ray source, as shown in Figure 2.The size of X-ray source array determines the angular resolution of X-ray optical field imaging.
According to X-ray pin-hole imaging geometry in Fig. 3, the spacing u of adjacent X-ray source meets:
u x = L L ′
Wherein x is the spacing of neighboring sensor unit in radioscopic image sensor, and L is the distance that pinhole array arrives X-ray source array, and L ' is for pinhole array is to the distance of radioscopic image sensor.Pinhole array is the one group of pin hole composition drilling through P × Q hexagonal array on X-ray mask plate, as shown in Figure 4.The size of pinhole array determines the spatial resolution of X-ray optical field imaging.Adopt hexagonal array to guarantee the high coverage rate of sensing unit on x-ray imaging face, and, adopt hexagonal array under the prerequisite ensureing high coverage rate, be convenient to realize the conversion of hexagon to orthogonal arrangement.
Pin-hole imaging model according to Fig. 5, the pin hole image spatial resolution that each pin hole is formed is w × w pixel, and wherein w gets the maximum of M and N.In pinhole array, adjacent needles pitch of holes p is xw.
Pinhole diameter d meets:
d = x · w · t 2 L ′
Wherein t is the thickness of X-ray mask plate.
Pin-hole imaging visual angle α is:
α = 2 tan - 1 ( d t )
The exposure normalization of step 2:X ray light field image, to improve the intensity level of X-ray light field image, eliminates fixed pattern noise and the dark current noise of radioscopic image sensor.Be specially:
A frame X-ray light field image is obtained as noise image I all X-ray source are closed in X-ray source array n;
In X-ray source array, all X-ray source are opened, and when radioscopic image sensor electronic aperture time is set to the shortest, obtain a frame X-ray light field image as low exposed image I l;
In X-ray source array, all X-ray source are opened, and when radioscopic image sensor electronic aperture time is set to grow most, obtain a frame X-ray light field image as high exposed image I h;
Set up linear exposure mapping graph M:
M ( i , j ) = I h ( i , j ) - I l ( i , j ) avg ( I h ) - avg ( I l )
Wherein avg () is the average calculating all pixels in image.
For a frame X-ray light field image I, after exposure normalization, image I ' is:
I ′ ( i , j ) = I ( i , j ) - I n ( i , j ) M ( i , j )
The pin hole center of step 3:X ray light field image is demarcated, to extract the center of each pin hole image.Be specially:
According to desirable pin hole image size, X-ray light field image extracts the desired center position of each pin hole image, described desirable pin hole image size, refer to that setting is reserved and expects the size of the pin hole image obtained, it is alternatively the size of the pin hole image set in imaging parameters design process, described desired center position, refers to the position set in parameter designing process.
Desirable pin hole image size and desired center position refer to, in parameter designing process, the size set and position, in such as actual design process, expect the image size that can obtain 9 × 9, and center is all by hexagonal array, design according to these expectations size and the position that pin hole turns hole.But due to technique and assembly precision problem, that causes actual image size and position and expectation has deviation.In order to ensure the accuracy of imaging and demarcation, and adopt desirable pin hole image size and desirable center.
Employing variance is σ=w/6, and average is that the two-dimensional Gaussian function of 0 is to high exposed image I hcarry out 2-d gaussian filters, obtain filtered light field image I g.
According to light field image I g, near the desired center position of pin hole image, find peak point as this pin hole image center.
Step 4: according to the pin hole image center obtained in step 3, extract each X-ray source image.Be specially:
For the pin hole image center (u of certain pin hole 0, v 0), adopt two dimensional image interpolation method to extract (u 0+ i, v 0+ j) pixel value of position, wherein i and j gets integer value between [-w/2, w/2].The all pixels extracted are formed the pin hole image of this pin hole.P × Q pin hole image can be obtained altogether.
Step 5: each X-ray source image extracted according to step 4, extracts the pixel at same position place in each pin hole image, is reassembled as a frame X-ray source image.X-ray source image spatial resolution is P × Q pixel, and the number that can obtain X-ray source image is the number of pixels of pin hole image.Because pinhole array is by hexagonal array, the pixel therefore in extracted X-ray source image is also by hexagonal array.
Step 6: adopt hexagon-orthogonal arrangement lattice point conversion method that the people such as L.Condat in 08 year, TIP propose, lattice point transfer algorithm between this hexagonal lattice that LaurentCondat carries and orthogonal dot matrix the direction by having chosen at 3 does wrong continuously cut computing and can convert hexagonal mesh to orthogonal grid.Upwards use 1 dimension wave filter to compensate the position skew of all directions at each wrong butt, thus carry out data conversion.This algorithm completely reversibility, and high-quality resampling image can be obtained.By the X-ray source image that extracted X-ray source video conversion is orthogonal arrangement.The X-ray source image of all orthogonal arrangement consists of the X-ray light field data after correction.The X-ray source image of described X-ray light field data to be one group of size be array of source size.
Technical scheme of the present invention by the optical field imaging theoretical extension of visible ray in x-ray imaging, for X-ray transmission decay imaging characteristic, devise a kind of X-ray optical field imaging method based on pinhole array, pinhole array adopts hexagonal array to ensure that the high coverage rate of sensing unit on x-ray imaging face, and proposes corresponding X-ray light field image scaling method.Thus the optical field imaging of visible ray theory and Processing Algorithm can be applied to x-ray imaging field.Technical scheme of the present invention combines the heavy focus algorithm of visible ray light field ripe at present, single exposure is only needed to take the heavily focusing that just can realize different depth position, set up the three-dimensional chromatography image under corresponding shooting angle, solve X ray image in clinic diagnosis and lose depth information, cause different depth image overlap and be difficult to distinguish problem, there is the feature of low dosage and fast imaging simultaneously, be applicable to clinic diagnosis requirement.
The present invention, in reference prior art and existing methodical basis, by the optical field imaging technique extension based on microlens array in X-ray medical image, proposes a kind of X-ray optical field imaging method and imaging system.The image of high-quality high-resolution is provided by X ray image imaging in clinic diagnosis.
List of references
[1]M.Levoy，P.Hanrahan.LightFieldRendering.ACMSIGGRAPH’96.31-42.1996.
[2]P.Debevec，T.Hawkins，C.Tchou，etal.AcquiringtheReflectanceFieldofaHumanFace.ACMSIGGRAPH.145-156，2000.
[3]G.Yang，Y.Liu.3D0bjectRelightingbasedonMulti-ViewStereoandImagebasedLightingTechniques.IEEEInternationalConferenceonMultimediaandExpo.2009.
[4] appoint great, Zhou Wenhui. dynamic many illumination 3 d light fields acquisition system design and implimentation. Electronic University Of Science & Technology Of Hangzhou journal .32 (6): 65-68.2012.
[5]A.Levin，R.Fergus，F.Durand，etal.ImageandDepthfromaConventionalCamerawithaCodedAperture.ACMSIGGRAPH2007.2007.
[6]A.Veeraraghavan，R.Raskar，A.Agrawal，etal.：Dappledphotography：MaskEnhancedCamerasforHeterodynedLightFieldsandCodedAperture.ACMSIGGRAPH.2007
[7]E.H.Adelson，J.Y.Wang，SingleLensStereowithaPlenopticCamera.IEEETransactionsonPatternAnalysisandMachineIntelligence.14(2)：99-106.1992.
[8]R.Ng，M.Levoy，M.Br′edif，G.Duval，M.Horowitz，andP.Hanrahan.Lightfieldphotographywithahand-heldplenopticcamera.TechnicalReportCSTR2005-02，StanfordUniversity，April2005.
[9]T.Georgiev，A.Lumsdaine.ResolutioninPlenopticCameras.Computational0pticalSensingandImaging(COSI2009).2009.
[10]T.Georgiev，A.Lumsdaine.SuperresolutionwithPlenoptic2.0Cameras.SignalRecoveryandSynthesis(SRS2009).SanJose，California，USA.2009.
[11]M.Levoy，R.Ng，A.Adams，etal.，LightFieldMicroscopy.ACMTransactionsonGraphics.25(3)，2006.
[12] Hu Jiasheng, Cheng Lihong, Cao Leifeng etc., a kind of high precision image reconstructing method in X-ray CAI. Acta Optica .25 (12): 1611-1615,2005.
[13] light field of Wang little Long, Luo Shouhua, Li Guang, Yang Jing .X radial imaging scintillator is played up. photon journal .42 (12): 1528-1533,2013.

Claims (3)

1., based on X-ray optical field imaging and the scaling method of pinhole array, it is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
Step 1: set up the X-ray optical field imaging model based on pinhole array, comprise X-ray source array, pinhole array and radioscopic image sensor, described X-ray source array is made up of the two-dimensional planar array of M × N orthogonal arrangement multiple X-ray source, described pinhole array is arranged on X-ray mask plate by one group and forms in the pin hole of P × Q hexagonal array, and described radioscopic image sensor is that an X-ray can the digital image sensor of direct imaging;
Step 2: set up linear exposure mapping graph, realizes the exposure normalization of X-ray light field image, is specially:
A frame X-ray light field image is obtained as noise image I all X-ray source are closed in X-ray source array n;
In X-ray source array, all X-ray source are opened, and when radioscopic image sensor electronic aperture time is set to the shortest, obtain a frame X-ray light field image as low exposed image I l;
In X-ray source array, all X-ray source are opened, and when radioscopic image sensor electronic aperture time is set to grow most, obtain a frame X-ray light field image as high exposed image I h;
Set up linear exposure mapping graph M:
Wherein avg () is the average calculating all pixels in image;
For a frame X-ray light field image I, after exposure normalization, image I ' is:
Step 3: the pin hole center demarcating X-ray light field image, to extract the center of each pin hole image, is specially:
According to desirable pin hole image size, X-ray light field image extracts the desired center position of each pin hole image; Described desirable pin hole image size, refer to and to determine according to design parameter and to expect the size of the pin hole image obtained, described desired center position, refers to the position set in parameter designing process;
Employing variance is σ=w/6, and average is that the two-dimensional Gaussian function of 0 is to high exposed image I hcarry out 2-d gaussian filters, obtain filtered light field image I g; Wherein the spatial resolution of pin hole image is w × w pixel, and wherein w gets the maximum of M and N;
According to light field image I g, near the desired center position of pin hole image, find peak point as this pin hole image center;
Step 4: according to the pin hole image center obtained in step 3, extract each X-ray source image, be specially:
For the pin hole image center (u of certain pin hole 0, v 0), adopt two dimensional image interpolation method to extract (u 0+ i, v 0+ j) pixel value of position, wherein i and j gets integer value between [-w/2, w/2]; The all pixels extracted are formed the pin hole image of this pin hole, P × Q pin hole image can be obtained altogether;
Step 5: extract each X-ray source image according to step 4, extracts the pixel at same position place in each pin hole image, is reassembled as a frame X-ray source image; X-ray source image spatial resolution is P × Q pixel, and the number that can obtain X-ray source image is the number of pixels of pin hole image; Because pinhole array is by hexagonal array, the pixel therefore in extracted X-ray source image is also by hexagonal array;
Step 6: adopting hexagon-orthogonal arrangement lattice point conversion method, is the X-ray source image of orthogonal arrangement by extracted X-ray source video conversion;
The X-ray source image of all orthogonal arrangement consists of the X-ray light field data after correction, the X-ray source image of described X-ray light field data to be one group of size be array of source size.
2. a kind of X-ray optical field imaging based on pinhole array according to claim 1 and scaling method, is characterized in that: in described X-ray source array, the spacing u of adjacent two X-ray source meets:
Wherein x is the spacing of adjacent two sensing units in radioscopic image sensor, and L is the distance that pinhole array arrives X-ray source array, and L ' is for pinhole array is to the distance of radioscopic image sensor.
3. a kind of X-ray optical field imaging based on pinhole array according to claim 1 and scaling method, is characterized in that: the pin hole image spatial resolution that in pinhole array, each pin hole is formed is w × w pixel, and wherein w gets the maximum of M and N; In pinhole array, adjacent needles pitch of holes p is xw;
Pinhole diameter d meets:
Wherein t is the thickness of X-ray mask plate; X is the spacing of adjacent two sensing units in radioscopic image sensor, and L ' is for pinhole array is to the distance of radioscopic image sensor;
Pin-hole imaging visual angle α is:
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