CN103990798B - A kind of high-temperature powder bed system manufactured for laser gain material - Google Patents
A kind of high-temperature powder bed system manufactured for laser gain material Download PDFInfo
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- CN103990798B CN103990798B CN201410188157.1A CN201410188157A CN103990798B CN 103990798 B CN103990798 B CN 103990798B CN 201410188157 A CN201410188157 A CN 201410188157A CN 103990798 B CN103990798 B CN 103990798B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of high-temperature powder bed system manufactured for laser gain material, comprise the even temperature assembly of working chamber, laser instrument, workbench, Electromagnetic Heating layer, insulating assembly and laminar flow; Workbench is arranged in working chamber; Electromagnetic Heating layer is primarily of electromagnetic induction plate and coil composition; Electromagnetic Heating layer is placed on workbench lower surface and fits together with it, enables heat be directly transferred on workbench; Coolant flow channel is provided with in workbench; Insulating assembly is enclosed in Electromagnetic Heating layer bottom surface and side, to realize the heat insulation of Electromagnetic Heating layer and insulation; The even temperature arrangement of components of laminar flow is outside at working chamber, for realizing airflow circulating in working chamber, makes workbench realize uniformity of temperature profile.Work top can be heated to very high-temperature according to accessory size by the present invention, and is incubated, the refrigerating function after also hold concurrently equalizing temperature and completion of processing; The present invention can reach protection system, improve the object of capacity usage ratio and the efficiency of heating surface.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to and increase material manufacture field, be specifically related to a kind of the substrate conduction partition heating and the insulation that realize high-temperature powder bed, temperature cools, the system of circulating current uniform temperature fields distribution.
Background technology
Increase material manufacture (Additive Manufacture, AM) be a kind of widely used RP technique, the Computerized three-dimensional physical model of required part is first designed by CAD 3D modeling software, then by technological requirement, it is resolved into a series of two-dimensional section by certain thickness, namely original 3 D stereo information is become two dimensional surface information, then successively scan, successively superpose, finally define required prototype or part.
In the process increasing material manufacturing technology form metal and ceramic part, due to fusing or the partial melting of powder experience thermal source, produce larger thermograde, table temperature skewness, inside parts can be made to produce thermal stress, cause part to crack or buckling deformation occurs, having had a strong impact on the quality of part; And the metal higher for fusing point and ceramic material, heating system table temperature is lower, and material forming difficulty even can not be shaped.Reduce the thermograde of shaped region, ensureing that table temperature is uniformly distributed and increases work top heating-up temperature is improve several key factors of part quality.Look into related data, a kind of heater increasing material manufacturing equipment of Hu'nan Meina Science & Technology Co., Ltd.'s invention, adopts multi-portion heating method (publication number is: CN102335741A).Work top is divided into multiple region, one group of quartz heating-pipe and reflector are installed in each region, this kind of mode of heating can improve table temperature distributing homogeneity, working region heating-up temperature relatively low (hundreds of degree Celsius), be suitable for nonmetal, not being suitable for shaping needs high-temperature metal and ceramic material.A kind of laser rapid prototyping surface atmosphere heating furnace (publication number is CN 102322738A) has been invented by Northwestern Polytechnical University.Heating plate is positioned at body of heater, and is placed between sample backing plate and Elema heater.Thermocouple inserts in heating plate.Stove can reach very high-temperature (1600 degree), fusing high-melting-point ceramic material.But overall work space, in body of heater, does not have cooling device after heating, under element of installation is in high temperature, reduce its life-span.Traditional resistor silk is used to heat for increasing material manufacture field powder bed preheating method in above two inventions, the principle of Resistant heating utilizes electric current to produce heat by resistance wire, this heat is delivered on the object of needs heating in the mode of heat trnasfer, the thermal energy of a part has been lost in the process of this heat trnasfer, have again the thermal energy of a part to be in addition dispersed in air, the utilization rate of this mode thermal energy is very low simultaneously.Electromagnetic Heating can raising energy utilization efficiency to a certain degree, the electromagnetic oven of normal domestic use causes iron core heating power relatively little (within 2200 watts) due to the reason of selection and power control system, heating-up temperature is the highest can only reach about 300 degree, does not meet and increases material manufacture field high-temperature preheat requirements.How increasing preheat temperature thus reduce the thermograde of shaped region and improve energy utilization efficiency, and solving the problem of preheat temperature skewness and heater cooling, is the important problem that increasing material manufacturing technology faces for a long time.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of high-temperature powder bed system manufactured for laser gain material, and work top can be heated to high temperature by this system quickly and efficiently, and is incubated, the refrigerating function after simultaneously also hold concurrently equalizing temperature and completion of processing.
A kind of high-temperature powder bed system manufactured for laser gain material provided by the invention, it is characterized in that, this system comprises the even temperature assembly of working chamber, workbench, Electromagnetic Heating layer, insulating assembly and laminar flow;
Workbench is arranged in working chamber; Electromagnetic Heating layer forms primarily of one block of electromagnetic induction plate and the solenoid be centered around outside electromagnetic induction plate; Described solenoid is connected with the Electromagnetic Heating power supply of band temperature controlling function, and Electromagnetic Heating power supply can change output voltage frequency to regulate Electromagnetic Heating temperature;
Electromagnetic induction plate is placed on workbench lower surface and fits together with it, enables heat be directly transferred on workbench; Also coolant flow channel is provided with in this workbench;
Described insulating assembly is enclosed in Electromagnetic Heating layer bottom surface and side, to realize the heat insulation of electromagnetic induction plate and insulation;
The even temperature arrangement of components of described laminar flow is outside at working chamber, for realizing airflow circulating in working chamber, makes workbench realize uniformity of temperature profile.
Relative to the traditional resistor silk heating increasing the powder bed preheating use of material manufacture field, the thermal energy utilization rate of Resistant heating is too low, not only wastes energy, but also reduces the output in the unit interval, also there is the shortcomings such as fragile even electric leakage simultaneously.The present invention adopts Electromagnetic Heating, Electromagnetic Heating by the alternating current of 50HZ through rectification, filtering, inversion be the magnetic fields of different frequency in heating of metal, thus make heating of metal produces eddy current, calandria self fast heating.Because solenoid itself does not generate heat, so there is no excess loss.The magnetic line of force of solenoid is evenly distributed in heating of metal, and magnetic fields makes inner generation eddy current field in needing the body surface of heating, makes to produce heat by heating object self.In order to ensure the preservation of heat in heating process, adopt heat insulation structural to go to prevent the too fast of heat to scatter and disappear, insulating assembly can install heat insulation structural respectively with side below electromagnetic induction plate.Heat accumulation is inner in calandria, and solenoid surface temperature, can safe touch a little more than room temperature, safe and reliable.The processing of whole heat insulation structural is simple, be convenient to installing/dismounting, cost is low, clean.Heat is dispersed in air hardly, and capacity usage ratio is very high, under equal conditions, and ratio resistance silk heating economize on electricity 30-70%; Average ratio resistance silk mode of heating shortening preheating time more than 60%.
Operation system setting has the even temperature assembly of laminar flow, the steady insufflation gas of low speed, the steady gas bleeding of low speed, and whole system forms airflow circulating, drives atmosphere flowing, table temperature is evenly distributed.Heat can well be taken away by the coolant flow channel in completion of processing aftertable.This structural design of system can make the temperature of work top obtain effective adjustment and control, and moulding material is heated evenly, and ensure that the excellent quality of formation of parts, and can produce the part of shape and structure complexity within a short period of time.
Electromagnetic Heating layer after hours; the temperature of inside cavity is higher; be unfavorable for that the part the next new parts of continuation processing processed is dismantled in manual operation; all the time higher cavity temperature is unfavorable for relevant elements in proterctive equipment simultaneously; so devise coolant flow channel, its core be by cooling pipe built-in after certain machining in work top.Because heat insulation structure recited above makes the heat major part of heating plate be all directly pass to above work top, and due to after completion of processing, work top is covered with very thick powder bed, and this just makes heat more be difficult to distribute from work top.If so the heat of work top and atmosphere above can be taken away, just solve the cooling problem of system.This water channel directly to be designed in work top, after completion of processing, can directly by the heat on work top from bottom along with cooling water is taken out of, whole cooling structure can be furnished with water ga(u)ge, for controlling the speed of current, can be very fast table temperature be reduced.
In a word, Electromagnetic Heating layer is as the thermal source providing the basal plate preheating increased in material manufacture process, and heat transfer loss is little, and maximum temperature can make work top can reach 1800 degree, may be used for some for the higher metal of preheat temperature and part pottery.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of detailed description of the invention of present system.
The structural representation of the insulating assembly that Fig. 2 provides for example of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation (equipment top view) of the even temperature assembly of laminar flow of example of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is that the coolant flow channel of example of the present invention arranges schematic diagram.
In figure, 1-laser instrument, 2-laser beam, 3-workbench, 4-supporting layer, 5-moderate soak layer, 6-thermal insulation layer, 7-lower roof plate, 8-ball-screw, 9-electromagnetic induction plate, 10-working chamber, 11-gas flowmeter, 12-inert gas source, 13-air inlet pipeline, 14-return, 15-pump, 16-water route connector, 17-inner flow passage, 18-water ga(u)ge, 19-water pump, 20-water route adapter, 21-solenoid 22-exhaust pipe, 23-Electromagnetic Heating power supply.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described further.It should be noted that at this, the explanation for these embodiments understands the present invention for helping, but does not form limitation of the invention.In addition, if below in described each embodiment of the present invention involved technical characteristic do not form conflict each other and just can mutually combine.
As shown in Figure 1, present system comprises working chamber 10, laser instrument 1, workbench 3, Electromagnetic Heating layer, insulating assembly, the even temperature assembly of laminar flow and coolant flow channel.
Workbench 3 can adopt lift, is arranged in working chamber 10, specifically can be connected with ball-screw 8 by its lower roof plate 7, plays the lifting controlling whole workbench 3.Electromagnetic Heating layer is main thermal source, is placed on workbench 3 lower surface and it tightly fits together.Such heat can be directly transferred on workbench 3.
Electromagnetic Heating layer forms primarily of one block of electromagnetic induction plate 9 and solenoid 21.
In practical work process, working chamber 10 needs to be heated to very high temperature, increasing material manufacturing equipment not by high temperature, needing to carry out heat insulation and isothermal holding in working chamber 10, specifically having been come by described insulating assembly, as shown in Figure 2 to protect.Electromagnetic induction plate 9 surrounds with bottom surface by insulating assembly from the side, and insulating assembly mainly comprises three layers, is followed successively by thermal insulation layer 6, moderate soak layer 5 and supporting layer 4 from the inside to the outside.
Thermal insulation layer 6 material be silicate aluminum board.Plain edition silicate aluminum board, is be primary raw material with flint clay, has excellent thermal shock resistance and heat endurance, and the high and machinability that tool excellent toughness is excellent of material compressive resistance, can well preserve the temperature that heating radiation pipe produces.
Moderate soak layer 5 material mineral wool, blanket of glass wool is the shaping felt-like material of heating cure.Its volume to weight ratio sheet material is light, has good resilience, low price, easy construction.Blanket of glass wool is the coiled material for adaptation large area lays needs and make, except the feature maintaining insulation, also there are very excellent damping, sound absorption characteristics, especially all have good assimilation effect to medium and low frequency and various vibrations noise, be conducive to reducing noise pollution, improve working environment.Having the blanket of glass wool of aluminium foil veneer, also have stronger thermal radiation resistance ability, is the fabulous inner lining material of high-temperature workshop, control room, machine room inwall, compartment and flat-top.Relative to asbestos, mineral wool also has the advantages such as nontoxic.The effect of moderate soak layer is incubated heating system exactly, and mineral wool quality is soft, fiber is fine, and not Diazolidinyl Urea in construction, can well reach the effect of processing and insulation.
Outermost layer is supporting layer 4, and this layer material preferably adopts aluminium sheet pressing plate.Because aluminium sheet conductive magnetic properties is poor when Electromagnetic Heating, so a lot of heat can not be produced (although pass through Energy control under additional magnetic fields, magnetic field line is densely covered electromagnetic induction plate, but outside with not easily magnetic conduction and material of can playing a supporting role to seem more rationally and careful).Because moderate soak layer mineral wool is partially soft material, innermost layer and outermost layer is needed mutually to extrude fixing.Certainly these three layers can also with other heat-barrier material, in implementation process, three ply board material is all for convenience detach, can meet the cabling of electromagnetic induction intralamellar part.Such insulating assembly can prevent heat toward side and below conduct, reach the object of one-way heat conduction.The above material is preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not limited only to this different materials.
The periphery of electromagnetic induction plate 9 and insulating assembly is wound with solenoid 21, and solenoid 21 also can directly around on electromagnetic induction plate 9, and its outer recycling insulating assembly surrounds.Solenoid 21 connects Electromagnetic Heating power supply 23, power supply converts alternating voltage to DC voltage, through controller, DC voltage is reverse into high-frequency ac voltage again, the electric current of change at a high speed can produce the magnetic field of change at a high speed when the magnetic field in the magnetic line of force can produce numerous little eddy current by electromagnetic induction plate 9 by coil 21.There is temperature control module in heating power supply 23, Electromagnetic Heating temperature can be regulated according to user's request by changing output voltage frequency.Electromagnetic induction plate 9 can select most metal materials of conventional conductive magneto-conductive, and temperature can ensure at about 700 degree, needs to be heated to about 1800 degree and also can adopt electric conductivity and the better nonmetallic materials graphite of thermal conductivity.
It is outside that the even temperature assembly of described laminar flow is arranged on working chamber 10, for realizing airflow circulating, makes workbench 3 realize uniformity of temperature profile.In this example, the even temperature assembly of laminar flow comprises air inlet pipeline 13, exhaust pipe 22, inert gas source 12 and pump 15.As shown in Figure 3, air inlet pipeline 13 and exhaust pipe 22 are the pipeline of " dendroid " structure, wherein, total input of air inlet pipeline 13 is connected with inert gas source 12, the output of air inlet pipeline 13 is provided with multiple delivery outlet, be arranged in working chamber 10 side, and make inert gas evenly introduce the upper surface of workbench 3.The input of exhaust pipe 22 is also provided with multiple input port, and is arranged in the opposite side of working chamber 10, and the wall on equipment both sides is offered docking port and is connected with multiple outputs of exhaust pipe with multiple input of air inlet pipeline.Total output of exhaust pipe 22 is connected with pump 15, and pump 15 is connected with inert gas source 12 by return 14, realizes closed cycle.Can installing gas flowmeter 11 on return.
Input the inert gas under normal temperature in air inlet pipeline 13, gas circulates along air inlet pipeline 13, after a segment distance of advancing, is evenly divided into two strands of air-flows to advance in air inlet pipe, is finally evenly divided into four strands of air-flows to be steadily incorporated into the upper surface of workbench 3 slowly; Afterwards, gas at normal temperature is heated to the hot gas close to working chamber temperature, therefore, can not cause larger variations in temperature when gas being incorporated into workbench 3 upper surface.Also be with the formal distribution of " dendroid " at the opposite side exhaust pipe 22 of workbench 3.The gas of workbench 3 is divided into four strands of air-flows to be slowly drawn in exhaust pipe 22 4 input ports stably, gas is advanced after a segment distance in exhaust pipe 22, two strands of air-flows are accumulated by four strands of air-flows, two strands of air-flows continue to advance in circulating line according to identical direction, finally collect for one air-flow is extracted out by pump 15, pump 15 is connected with total output of exhaust pipe 22, and the inert gas of extraction is turned back in air inlet pipeline 13 by return 14 closed cycle.
Certainly, the concrete structure of air inlet pipeline 13, exhaust pipe 22 is not limited to the 1-2-4 branched structure in Fig. 3, and 1-3-6 or other structures that can realize workbench 3 uniformity of temperature profile all can use.
This laminar flow even temperature structure can make whole system form airflow circulating, drives the flowing of worktable upper surface gas, makes workbench 3 uniformity of temperature profile, ensures the forming quality that processing parts is good; The consumption reducing inert gas can also be reduced simultaneously, save cost; Avoid by hot discharge gas in air, the loss of the energy effectively reduced, improves the utilization rate of the energy.
Coolant flow channel is provided with in workbench 3, this coolant flow channel is formed by connecting by inner flow passage 17, water route connector 16, these coolant flow channel two ends are all connected with water route adapter 20, one of them water route adapter 20 is as water inlet, be connected with water ga(u)ge 18 and water pump 19, another water route adapter 20 is as delivery port.As shown in Figure 4, inner flow passage 17 is line flowing channels of the direct holes drilled through in several, side at " work " font workbench 3, has attacked threaded line at every bar runner both ends.Like this can with line flowing channels different in some water route connector 16 connecting plates, a final formation continuous print runner.Then water route adapter 20 is connecting two direct runner mouths of most end, simultaneously in the punching of " work " font workbench 3 bottom surface, can ensure that water route adapter 20 can not can interfere with other places of equipment through this hole like this.Above-mentioned water route adapter 20 and water route connector 16 have corresponding fluid sealant to seal, and ensure that the safety of system and stablize.The water pipe of two water route adapters access device bottom again of drawing, one is water inlet, and another is delivery port.The external pipeline of water inlet there are water ga(u)ge 18 and water pump 19, can remain that water at low temperature is through whole pipe-line system.
When reality uses, it is inner or outside that laser instrument 1 can be arranged on working chamber 10, and the powder on laser beam 2 pairs of workbench 3 table tops carries out work.After laser gain material manufacture, close laser instrument 1, open water pump 19 switch, connect external refrigeration water, whole start-up of cooling system, cooling water is pumped in the runner of workbench 3 inside by water pump 19, can be taken away by the heat that workbench 3 is assembled very soon, and the water that eventually with walks heat is flowed out by outlet and collected.
The above is preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the present invention should not be confined to the content disclosed in this embodiment and accompanying drawing.The equivalence completed under not departing from spirit disclosed in this invention so every or amendment, all fall into the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (5)
1., for the high-temperature powder bed system that laser gain material manufactures, it is characterized in that, this system comprises working chamber (10), workbench (3), Electromagnetic Heating layer, insulating assembly and the even temperature assembly of laminar flow;
Workbench (3) is arranged in working chamber (10); Electromagnetic Heating layer is primarily of one piece of electromagnetic induction plate (9) and be centered around electromagnetic induction plate (9) solenoid composition outward; Described solenoid (21) is connected with the Electromagnetic Heating power supply (23) of band temperature controlling function, and Electromagnetic Heating power supply (23) can change output voltage frequency to regulate Electromagnetic Heating temperature;
Electromagnetic induction plate (9) is placed on workbench (3) lower surface and fits together with it, enables heat be directly transferred on workbench (3); This workbench is also provided with coolant flow channel in (3);
Described insulating assembly is enclosed in Electromagnetic Heating layer bottom surface and side, to realize the heat insulation and insulation of electromagnetic induction plate (9);
The even temperature arrangement of components of described laminar flow is outside at working chamber (10), for realizing working chamber (10) interior airflow circulating, makes workbench (3) realize uniformity of temperature profile.
2. high-temperature powder bed system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described insulating assembly comprises three layers, is followed successively by thermal insulation layer (6), moderate soak layer (5) and supporting layer (4) from the inside to the outside.
3. high-temperature powder bed system according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described thermal insulation layer (6) is silicate aluminum board; Moderate soak layer (5) material mineral wool, supporting layer (4) is aluminium sheet.
4. according to claim 1, high-temperature powder bed system described in 2 or 3, it is characterized in that, the even temperature assembly of described laminar flow comprises air inlet pipeline (13), exhaust pipe (22), inert gas source (12) and pump (15), air inlet pipeline (13) and exhaust pipe (22) are the pipeline of " dendroid " structure, wherein, total input of air inlet pipeline (13) is connected with inert gas source (12), the output of air inlet pipeline (13) is provided with multiple delivery outlet, be arranged in the side of workbench (3), and make inert gas evenly introduce the upper surface of workbench (3), the input of exhaust pipe (22) is also provided with multiple input port, and is arranged in the opposite side of workbench (3), and the wall on equipment both sides is offered docking port and is connected with multiple outputs of exhaust pipe with multiple input of air inlet pipeline, total output of exhaust pipe (22) is connected with pump (15), and pump (15) is connected with inert gas source (12) by return (14), realizes closed cycle.
5. the high-temperature powder bed system according to claim 1,2 or 3, it is characterized in that, described coolant flow channel is formed by connecting by inner flow passage (17), water route connector (16), these coolant flow channel two ends are all connected with water route adapter (20), one of them water route adapter (20) is as water inlet, be connected with water ga(u)ge (18) and water pump (19), another water route adapter (20) is as delivery port.
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| CN201410188157.1A CN103990798B (en) | 2014-05-06 | 2014-05-06 | A kind of high-temperature powder bed system manufactured for laser gain material |
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