CN103973832A - IPv6 addressing and networking method based on physical space position mapping - Google Patents

IPv6 addressing and networking method based on physical space position mapping Download PDF

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CN103973832A
CN103973832A CN201410138680.3A CN201410138680A CN103973832A CN 103973832 A CN103973832 A CN 103973832A CN 201410138680 A CN201410138680 A CN 201410138680A CN 103973832 A CN103973832 A CN 103973832A
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address
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uipv6
ipv6
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CN103973832B (en
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李龙江
郑灵杰
毛玉明
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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Abstract

The invention discloses an IPv6 addressing and networking method based on physical space position mapping. The IPv6 addressing and networking method includes that physical space position information, namely longitude, latitude and height information is utilized for IPv6 coding, and short format address networking is adopted in the process of addressing and routing to lower communication expense and storage expense. The IPv6 addressing and networking method aims at realizing a low-energy-consumption IPv6 addressing scheme compatible with existing IPv6 standards, and prefix attribute and spatial topological attribute are given to an IPv6 address; the IPv6 addressing and networking method is supportive of IPv6 address short-format coding and an address-position-based routing mechanism, thereby being suitable for large-scale, low-energy-consumption, isomeric and ubiquitous network scenes like large-scale sensor networking, and the process of interconnection with an IPv6 network can be simplified.

Description

A kind of IPv6 addressing and network-building method based on physical spatial location mapping
Technical field
The invention belongs to network communications technology field, be specifically related to a kind of utilize the IPv6 addressing of physical spatial location mapping and the design of network-building method.
Background technology
On the one hand, along with monitoring information towards comprehensively, the comprehensive and future development that becomes more meticulous, that the extensive application example of sensor network all embodies is ubiquitous, isomery is interconnected, the visible trend of large-scale.But existing various sensor network technique adopts different addressing scheme to make each other cannot be compatible, and the power consumption limitations of sensor node and resource limitation (as computational resource/bandwidth resources) make traditional routing algorithm in the time being applied to large-scale sensor network networking, mostly face performance difficulty.Although the method for utilizing physical space topology information (based on geographical position) to carry out route can greatly be improved routing performance, be considered to one of important directions of sensor network route research, but simple geographic routing mechanism exists route cavity to wait technical barrier, and existing geographic routing agreement could not combine with addressing system, make each sensing subnet become information island.
On the other hand, " IPv6 is the inexorable trend of Next Generation Internet development " obtained industry common recognition, but existing USN(Ubiquitous Sensor Network, ubiquitous sensor network) technology mostly can not be directly and IPv6 technical compatibility, has various interconnected, intercommunications and performance issue.In fact, IPv6 standard definition huge address space (3.4 × 1038 addresses of maximum 2128 ≈), be considered to enough for tellurian every sand distributes an IPv6 address, obviously adopting IPv6 address to be that the each node of USN address is ideal chose, and USN and IPv6 network interconnection general will be simply many like this.But, there is the huge waste of IPv6 address space in the automatic configuration mechanism of IPv6, and apply simply IPv6 technology and face the problem such as power consumption limitations and resource limitation (as computational resource/bandwidth resources) of sensor node to USN, and can not bring benefit for route and networking.
Summary of the invention
The networking and the interconnected difficulty that the object of the invention is that existing IPv6 technology is applied on a large scale in order to solve, low energy consumption, isomery, ubiquitous network scenarios exist, and a kind of IPv6 addressing and network-building method based on physical spatial location mapping is provided.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of IPv6 addressing and network-building method based on physical spatial location mapping, specifically comprises:
The complete form of S1, a uIPv6 address is by topological subnet territory and address number territory (Address ID) formation that is stitched together, and described topological subnet territory comprises: Fixed CP territory, uIPv6 prefix territory, space topological mapping territory; The middle node of network system is divided into host node and minor node; Described host node self with physical spatial location information, i.e. longitude, latitude, elevation information, and can map out topological subnet territory according to physical spatial location information; Described minor node self is without physical spatial location information, and depends on host node for its distributing IP v6 address;
S11, described host node prefix is according to a preconcerted arrangement used Fixed CP territory, uIPv6 prefix territory, and produces space topological mapping territory according to space topological information, and its concrete steps are:
The locating information tlv triple <x that host node is obtained, y, h> represents, wherein x, y, h represents respectively longitude, latitude and the height of host node, then by longitude, latitude be highly expressed as the binary string B of limited precision x, B y, B h, and this binary string is stitched together is Special composition Topological Mapping territory, i.e. f:<x, y, h>=B x+ B y+ B h, described B hfor the binary coding of host node height; Described B x, B ybe respectively and use M xposition and M yposition binary system is encoded to longitude and latitude, wherein, M x &GreaterEqual; log 2 C D x , M y &GreaterEqual; log 2 C D y , M x, M yround numbers, the girth that C is the earth, D x, D ybe respectively required precision default on longitude, latitude; Wherein the uIPv6 address in same space Topological Mapping territory belongs to same topological subnet;
In S12, same topological subnet, between uIPv6 host node, cooperatively interact as this subnet interior nodes addresses, described subnet interior nodes comprises host node and minor node, distributes address number territory (Address ID); Described space topological mapping territory and address number territory are stitched together and form a uIPv6 address;
The short format of S2, employing uIPv6 address carries out networking, does not need to transmit complete uIPv6 address format in addressing and routing procedure, only needs host node to understand and records complete uIPv6 address format, and minor node uses the short format of its uIPv6 address; The short format of described uIPv6 address is only unique and effective within the scope of its topology territory, and described topology territory adopts Euclidean distance or communication jumping figure to define; The coding method of the short format of described uIPv6 address is as follows:
S21, according to the mapping result B obtaining in described step S1 x, B y, B h, get suffix composition tlv triple < longitude suffix, latitude suffix, height suffix >, the short format in mapping territory using this tlv triple as space topological; According to the scope in predefined topology territory, calculate the required figure place m of suffix x, m y, m h, its computing formula is: wherein, m x, m y, m hround numbers, R x, R y, R hrespectively the radius of topology territory in longitude, latitude, short transverse, D x, D y, D hbe respectively required precision default in longitude, latitude, short transverse;
S22, according to address acquisition numbering territory (Address ID) in step S12, in the time getting the short format in address number territory, its short format can be distinguished the different addresses in same topological subnet, its value figure place m acomputing formula be: wherein N afor the address number of the needs generation in topological subnet.
Further, the physical spatial location information of described host node from global location or in advance store positional information, and produce IPv6 address and physical spatial location there are mapping relations.
Further, Fixed CP territory in described step S11 is: 000 or xxx, described Fixed CP territory must meet the requirement of GlobalUnicast address style, if uIPv6 address does not adopt " EUI-64 of modified version " form, must use binary system " 000 " as Fixed CP territory.
Further, if in described step S11 in longitude, latitude direction default required precision identical, i.e. D x=D y, M xand M ybe taken as M xand M x-1.
Further, in described step S12, distribute the mode in address number territory (Address ID) to be: if uIPv6 address adopts " EUI-64 of modified version " form, Address ID must be 64, adopts the automatic configuration mechanism of RFC4862 to produce Address ID numbering.
Further, in described step S12, distribute the mode in address number territory (Address ID) to be: to be that adjacent node distributes Address ID by uIPv6 host node, in the time there is the identical uIPv6 host node in multiple space topologicals mapping territory, adopt the addressing mode of Ad Hoc network (mobile Ad hoc network) to produce Address ID numbering.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: a kind of IPv6 addressing and network-building method based on physical spatial location mapping of the present invention, the networking and the interconnected difficulty that be intended to solve that existing IPv6 technology is applied on a large scale, low energy consumption, isomery, ubiquitous network scenarios exist, by the current technical conditions of easily obtaining global positioning information (longitude, latitude, highly), can produce the IPv6 address simultaneously with prefix attribute and space topological attribute, i.e. uIPv6 address; Because short format coding is supported in uIPv6 address, thus in addressing and routing procedure without the complete IPv6 address of transmission, thereby make in address configuration and communication process transport overhead very little; Institute's extracting method and standard I Pv6 address system have compatibility, can simplify the interconnected process with IP network; Meanwhile, IPv6 addressing system of the present invention is a kind of mechanism of utilizing physical spatial location information to carry out IPv6 coding, and it is not limited to sensor network, and any networking occasion that need to be interconnected with IPv6 is all applicable.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the longitude and latitude mapping schematic diagram (M=6) of drawing based on NASA World Wind in the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the address format in uIPv6 addressing system of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is four quasi-representative scene schematic diagrames of address number territory in the present invention (Address ID) coding.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment, the invention will be further elaborated.
A kind of IPv6 addressing based on physical spatial location mapping of the present invention is to utilize the current global positioning information easily obtaining with this thought of network-building method, IPv6 address space is cut apart according to physical space topology, thereby make the IPv6 address of distributing all have space topological character, such IPv6 address packet has contained self residing geographical location information.For convenience of description, it is uIPv6 address that our weighing-appliance has the IPv6 address of this space topological character, the process that produces uIPv6 address is called uIPv6 addressing, USN networking technology based on uIPv6 address is called uIPv6 technology, be illustrated in figure 1 the longitude and latitude mapping schematic diagram (M=6) of drawing based on NASAWorld Wind in the present invention, unless expressly stated, we,, by adopt the address format method for expressing of IPv6 standard as far as possible, can examine RFC4291.
A kind of IPv6 addressing and network-building method based on physical spatial location mapping of the present invention, specifically comprises:
The complete form of S1, a uIPv6 address is by topological subnet territory and address number territory (Address ID) formation that is stitched together, and described topological subnet territory comprises: Fixed CP territory, uIPv6 prefix territory, space topological mapping territory; The middle node of network system is divided into host node and minor node; Described host node self with physical spatial location information, i.e. longitude, latitude, elevation information, and can map out topological subnet territory according to physical spatial location information; Described minor node self needn't be with physical spatial location information, and depend on host node for its distributing IP v6 address;
S11, described host node prefix is according to a preconcerted arrangement used Fixed CP territory, uIPv6 prefix territory, and produces space topological mapping territory according to space topological information, and its concrete steps are:
The locating information tlv triple <x that host node is obtained, y, h> represents, wherein x, y, h represents respectively longitude, latitude and the height of host node, then by longitude, latitude be highly expressed as the binary string B of limited precision x, B y, B h, and this binary string is stitched together is Special composition Topological Mapping territory, i.e. f:<x, y, h>=B x+ B y+ B h, described B hfor the binary coding of host node height; Described B x, B ybe respectively and use M xposition and M yposition binary system is encoded to longitude and latitude, wherein, represent to round downwards, M x &GreaterEqual; log 2 C D x , M y &GreaterEqual; log 2 C D y , M x, M yround numbers, the girth that C is the earth, D x, D ybe respectively required precision default on longitude, latitude; If required precision default in longitude, latitude direction is identical, i.e. D x=D y, M xand M ycan be taken as M xand M x-1; The uIPv6 address in same space Topological Mapping territory belongs to same topological subnet.
In S12, same topological subnet, between uIPv6 host node, cooperatively interact as this subnet interior nodes addresses, described subnet interior nodes comprises host node and minor node, distributes address number territory (Address ID); Described space topological mapping territory and address number territory are stitched together and form a uIPv6 address;
The short format of S2, employing uIPv6 address carries out networking, does not need to transmit complete uIPv6 address format in addressing and routing procedure, only needs host node to understand and records complete uIPv6 address format, and minor node uses the short format of its uIPv6 address; Only scope is interior unique and effective in its vicinity for the short format of uIPv6 address, and this scope is called topology territory, and topology territory can adopt Euclidean distance or communication jumping figure to define; The coding method of short format is as follows:
S21, according to the mapping result B obtaining in described step S1 x, B y, B h, get suffix composition tlv triple < longitude suffix, latitude suffix, height suffix >, the short format in mapping territory using this tlv triple as space topological; Adopting the object of the short format of uIPv6 address is in order to realize addressing and route, adopt by address routing mode near of each address (being in topology territory), thereby the short format that is only required in space topological mapping territory in the topology territory of each uIPv6 address has uniqueness; Because adjacent physical spatial location mapping is continuous natural binary coding, its important feature is that suffix is that circulation is continuous, if 0 to 7 binary representation is { 000,001,010,011,100,101,110,111}, 1 suffix of its most end circulated with the cycle 2, and 2 of most ends are with the cycle 2 2circulation, so among a small circle, this two tuple is unique;
According to the scope in predefined topology territory, can calculate the required figure place m of suffix x, m y, m h, its computing formula is: wherein, expression rounds up, m x, m y, m hround numbers, R x, R y, R hbe respectively the radius of topology territory in longitude, latitude, short transverse, its value will exceed the estimation range in route cavity conventionally, and three can get identical value; D x, D y, D hbe respectively required precision default in longitude, latitude, short transverse, three can get identical value.In the methods of the invention, allow any range networking, topology territory has defined the effective range of uIPv6 address short format, and within the scope of this, the short format of uIPv6 address is unique.
S22, according to address acquisition numbering territory (Address ID) in step S12, in the time getting the short format in address number territory, its short format can be distinguished the different addresses in same topological subnet, its value figure place m acomputing formula be: wherein N afor the address number of the needs generation in topological subnet.
Address ID has the addressing space of 64 left and right conventionally; but the node number in an actual topological subnet territory is limited; therefore addressing and the network-building method based on uIPv6 of the present invention only represents Address ID with less number of bits, is called address number territory (Address ID) short format.
In described step S1, network node is divided into host node, minor node two category nodes by the present invention, host node is self node with physical spatial location information such as longitude and latitude, latitude, height, can position oneself, be responsible for carrying out uIPv6 addressing based on physical spatial location information, obtaining of host node positional information can be used but be not limited to use GPS, also can be by determining in advance the modes such as host node input position information or triangle location; And minor node to be self be not with geographical location information, relying on host node is its node that distributes uIPv6 address to carry out networking.
UIPv6 addressing system disclosed in this invention is undefined at the standard card cage of existing IPv6 address system, its basic characteristics are to have given physical space topological property for IPv6 address simultaneously, the prefix attribute that keeps again IPv6 address to have, five class addresses below IPv6 standard has defined in RFC4291:
1) Unspecified: address 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 only represents not assigned address for message, can not distribute to any node;
2) Loopback: address 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 represents loopback address, for sending message to oneself;
3) Multicast: the address that binary prefix is 11111111, addresses for multicast group;
4) Link-Local unicast: the address that binary prefix is 1111111010, only the neighbor node model on same link
Effective while carrying out unicast communication in enclosing;
5) Global Unicast: except all other addresses of front 4 classes all belong to global unicast address, do not limit the scope of application.
UIPv6 disclosed in this invention address belongs to Global Unicast classification, a just subset of Global Unicast type address, and permission and other address style are also deposited, specifically, existing IPv6 standard allows to configure on same interface multiple IPv6 address, uIPv6 address is applicable equally, thereby can on the same interface of same node, configure multiple uIPv6 address and multiple non-uIPv6 address simultaneously.
Be illustrated in figure 2 the address format in uIPv6 addressing system of the present invention, it is made up of topological subnet territory and address number territory (Address ID) two parts, topology subnet territory is divided into again Fixed CP territory, uIPv6 prefix territory (uIPv6prefix), space topological mapping territory (Spatial topology mapping) three parts, below various piece is described in detail as follows:
Fixed address prefix is " 000 " or " xxx ", must meet the requirement of Global Unicast address style, and even fixed address prefix does not adopt binary prefix " 000 ", must adopt " EUI-64 of modified version " form; If fixed address prefix is " 000 ", can not adopt " EUI-64 of modified version " form.By contrast, adopt the mode of fixed address " 000 " more flexible, and support uIPv6 address short format coding.Wherein, the common practise that described " EUI-64 of modified version " form is those skilled in the art, at this, the present patent application scheme is no longer described in detail.
UIPv6 address prefix, be used for distinguishing uIPv6 address and non-uIPv6 address, in the time of the popularization of following uIPv6 technology, choosing of uIPv6 address prefix need to be applied for to the Internet digital distribution mechanism (IANA, The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority).
Space topological mapping territory, for the physical spatial location information of the uIPv6 address of encoding.
Address number territory, for distinguishing near different uIPv6 address the same space topology location.
For those skilled in the art can understand and implement technical solution of the present invention, while being positioned on equator below in conjunction with host node, specific addressing method of the present invention is set forth:
S1, host node map out topological subnet territory according to space topological information, and topological subnet territory has three parts: Fixed CP territory, uIPv6 prefix territory, space topological mapping territory; Wherein host node prefix is according to a preconcerted arrangement used Fixed CP territory: 000, uIPv6 prefix territory is: 11111;
S11, host node produce space topological mapping territory according to space topological information, suppose the locating information tlv triple (longitude of host node, latitude and height) be <0,0,0>, known this host node is positioned on equator, and earth girth C is about 40,076 km, and precision prescribed D(hypothesis D x=D y=D h) be no more than 1 meter, the generation step in the space topological of this host node mapping territory is as follows:
First can calculate the coding figure place M needing: m is rounded and can obtain M=26, therefore M x=26, M y=25
The longitude and latitude of host node is carried out to space topological mapping, is mapped to the binary string of limited precision:
Suppose that this host node is positioned at ground, highly coding accounts for 8, B h=0=00000000;
In S12, same topological subnet territory, between uIPv6 host node, cooperatively interact as this subnet interior nodes addressing, distribute address number territory (Address ID), be illustrated in figure 3 the four quasi-representative scene schematic diagrames that distribute address number territory (Address ID):
In scene a, all nodes are all uIPv6 host nodes, can directly adopt the addressing mechanism of Ad Hoc network to configure Address ID;
Scene b is that uIPv6 host node is the situation of double bounce or node addressing in larger scope, and in the time only having a host node, this host node is responsible for all minor nodes in this topology subnet and distributes unique Address ID, as Address ID=000...0, and totally 64;
Scene c is that multiple uIPv6 host nodes need the situation that coordination addresses for adjacent node mutually, and when having, the space topological mapping territory of two uIPv6 host nodes is identical, so the two needs coordination mutually, and is that other contiguous node distributes unique Address ID coding;
Scene d is that the different uIPv6 host node in multiple space topologicals mapping territory is the situation of adjacent node addressing, in the time existing uIPv6 minor node simultaneously adjacent with the uIPv6 host node of two different topology subnets, this minor node obtains address from which uIPv6 host node, and by decision, which topological subnet it belongs to.The node adjacent with other topological subnet, is called as uIPv6 gateway node.
S2, employing short format address networking:
The disclosed uIPv6 addressing system of the present invention and network-building method adopt short format address networking plan in addressing and routing procedure, effectively reduce communication overhead and storage overhead, and the concrete steps of short format group of addresses network method are as follows:
S21, suppose to above-mentioned host node its R x, R y, R hrepresent respectively the radius of topology territory in longitude, latitude, short transverse, D x, D y, D hbe respectively required precision default in longitude, latitude, short transverse.For the purpose of convenient, get R x=R y=R h=100m, D x=D y=D h=1m.When the networking of short address, the required figure place of suffix therefore get m h=m y=m x=8.The latitude mapping result of learning from else's experience respectively B x, B y, B hm x, m y, m hposition suffix composition tlv triple <11111111,11111111,00000000>, combines these three binary strings with regard to the short format in Special composition Topological Mapping territory, i.e. the space topological of this host node mapping short format address, territory.
S22, suppose will distribute at most 200 uIPv6 addresses in the topology subnet of this host node place, the address number territory of 64 (Address ID) can only use m in addressing and routing procedure abit representation, wherein 7.6, get m a=8.Therefore the address number territory of 64 (Address ID) can only represent with 8 short formats, be called address number territory (Address ID) short format, object is the object that reduces communication overhead and storage overhead in order to reach.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that, embodiment described here is in order to help reader understanding's principle of the present invention, should be understood to that protection scope of the present invention is not limited to such special statement and embodiment.Those of ordinary skill in the art can make various other various concrete distortion and combinations that do not depart from essence of the present invention according to these technology enlightenments disclosed by the invention, and these distortion and combination are still in protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. IPv6 addressing and the network-building method based on space topological mapping, specifically comprises:
The complete form of S1, a uIPv6 address is by topological subnet territory and address number territory (Address ID) formation that is stitched together, and described topological subnet territory comprises: Fixed CP territory, uIPv6 prefix territory, space topological mapping territory; The middle node of network system is divided into host node and minor node; Described host node self with physical spatial location information, i.e. longitude, latitude, elevation information, and can map out topological subnet territory according to physical spatial location information; Described minor node self is without physical spatial location information, and depends on host node for its distributing IP v6 address;
S11, described host node prefix is according to a preconcerted arrangement used Fixed CP territory, uIPv6 prefix territory, and produces space topological mapping territory according to space topological information, and its concrete steps are:
The locating information tlv triple <x that host node is obtained, y, h> represents, wherein x, y, h represents respectively longitude, latitude and the height of host node, then by longitude, latitude be highly expressed as the binary string B of limited precision x, B y, B h, and this binary string is stitched together is Special composition Topological Mapping territory, i.e. f:<x, y, h>=B x+ B y+ B h, described B hfor the binary coding of host node height; Described Bx, B ybe respectively and use M xposition and M yposition binary system is encoded to longitude and latitude, wherein, m x, M yround numbers, the girth that C is the earth, D x, D ybe respectively required precision default on longitude, latitude; Wherein the uIPv6 address in same space Topological Mapping territory belongs to same topological subnet;
In S12, same topological subnet, between uIPv6 host node, cooperatively interact as this subnet interior nodes addresses, described subnet interior nodes comprises host node and minor node, distributes address number territory (Address ID); Described space topological mapping territory and address number territory are stitched together and form a uIPv6 address;
The short format of S2, employing uIPv6 address carries out networking, does not need to transmit complete uIPv6 address format in addressing and routing procedure, only needs host node to understand and records complete uIPv6 address format, and minor node uses the short format of its uIPv6 address; The short format of described uIPv6 address is only unique and effective within the scope of its topology territory, and described topology territory adopts Euclidean distance or communication jumping figure to define; The coding method of the short format of described uIPv6 address is as follows:
S21, according to the mapping result B obtaining in described step S1 x, B y, B h, get suffix composition tlv triple < longitude suffix, latitude suffix, height suffix >, the short format in mapping territory using this tlv triple as space topological; According to the scope in predefined topology territory, calculate the required figure place m of suffix x, m y, m h, its computing formula is: wherein, m x, m y, m hround numbers, R x, R y, R hrespectively the radius of topology territory in longitude, latitude, short transverse, D x, D y, D hbe respectively required precision default in longitude, latitude, short transverse;
S22, according to address acquisition numbering territory (Address ID) in step S12, in the time getting the short format in address number territory, its short format can be distinguished the different addresses in same topological subnet, its value figure place m acomputing formula be: wherein N afor the address number of the needs generation in topological subnet.
2. a kind of IPv6 addressing and network-building method based on space topological mapping as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the physical spatial location information of described host node from global location or in advance store positional information, and produce IPv6 address and physical spatial location there are mapping relations.
3. a kind of IPv6 addressing and network-building method based on space topological mapping as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, Fixed CP territory in described step S11 is: 000 or xxx, described Fixed CP territory must meet the requirement of Global Unicast address style, if uIPv6 address does not adopt " EUI-64 of modified version " form, must use binary system " 000 " as Fixed CP territory.
4. a kind of IPv6 addressing and network-building method based on space topological mapping as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, if in described step S11 in longitude, latitude direction default required precision identical, i.e. D x=D y, M xand M ybe taken as M xand M x-1.
5. a kind of IPv6 addressing and the network-building method based on space topological mapping as described in claim 1 to 4 any one, it is characterized in that, in described step S12, distribute the mode in address number territory (Address ID) to be: if uIPv6 address adopts " EUI-64 of modified version " form, Address ID must be 64, adopts the automatic configuration mechanism of RFC4862 to produce Address ID numbering.
6. a kind of IPv6 addressing and the network-building method based on space topological mapping as described in claim 1 to 4 any one, it is characterized in that, in described step S12, distribute the mode in address number territory (Address ID) to be: to be that adjacent node distributes Address ID by uIPv6 host node, in the time there is the identical uIPv6 host node in multiple space topologicals mapping territory, adopt the addressing mode of Ad Hoc network to produce Address ID numbering.
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