A kind of breeding method of novel water-saving mixed lawn
Technical field
The present invention relates to the Cultivating techniques of a kind of pole drought resisting lawn warm season Korea lawn grass and the husky raw wheatgrass mixed seeding floor space of cold season, the particularly afforestation large area establishment methods on a kind of applicable northern China Temperate Region in China low-maintenance, drought resisting lawn.
Background technology
Korea lawn grass (Zoysiajaponica) is turf grass species of one's native land, has large-area wild distribution in the Liaodong Peninsula of China and the Shandong Peninsula.Its suitable growth temperature is 26 ~ 32 DEG C, there is flourishing stolon and root-like stock, have that strong adaptability, growing way are vigorous, happiness light, drought resisting (lower than annual bluegrass water consumption 40%), disease and insect resistance, resistance to trample, Salt And Alkali Tolerance, the feature such as heat resistanceheat resistant and impoverishment tolerant, on the sports ground such as golf course and football pitch, ground, opening lawn, widely utilizing to water and soil conservation, is a kind of universally acknowledged fine turfgrass species.But because Korea lawn grass is warm season turf, shorter in the green phase of northern area, limit this grass applying in urban afforestation and sports ground, and the proportion that urban afforestation and sports turf account for whole green grassland is very large, the Research Significance therefore extending the lawn green phase is great.
Husky raw wheatgrass (Agropyrondsertorum) is that type drought in typical grassland gives birth to forage grass, China northeast and North China distributed more widely.Its suitable growth temperature is 15 ~ 25 DEG C, there is flourishing root system and root-like stock, extremely strong drought resisting (lower than annual bluegrass water consumption 80%), cold-resistant, resistance to trample and fix the sand ability, wheatgrass has very strong aggressiveness, the local weeds of its plantation are few, planting success almost do not have damage by disease and insect, has indomitable survival ability and perfect self-recovery mechanism, as long as just can be multiplied and lived for a long time.At present, no matter abroad, still at home, to the utilization of Wheatgrass mostly in the utilization of extensive plantation and excellent genes, about it is carried out the research of large area seeding lawn establishment as the grass seeds of green grassland, there is not been reported, and to be wheatgrass be thin clump type to its main cause and leaves density is less, it can be used as simple lawn coverage lower, affect afforestation effect, wild wheatgrass also occurs mainly as companion species in sand grassland.
In northern China Temperate Region in China, no matter be simple cold-season type lawn or warm-season turf, the performance in afforestation is all unsatisfactory.There is the green phase short for warm season, the problem of not easily surviving the winter; Then have maintenance costs high for cold season, summer withered dormancy, even degeneration and death phenomenon, this is the problem that current turf science is inquired into always and wish solves.How by cold season and warm season grass seeds is reasonably combined carries out mixed seeding, the difference making up mutually the season of growth is to solve summer withered, winter issue, make the green phase prolongation in lawn, maintenance costs reduction, become a focus and the difficult point of the following Development of Turf technical research of China.
The method often adopted northern Gardener author has: (1) submit at Zoysia Japonica Turf and broadcast perennial ryegrass, but due to perennial ryegrass in the north particularly areas of Shenyang can not survive the winter (less than-15 DEG C dead), can only take all will hand over every year to broadcast, costly and larger to Zoysia Japonica Turf injury; (2) adopt kentucky blue grass, Festuca Arundinacea or chewing fescue and its mixed seeding, although can survive the winter, but because these three kinds of turfgrasss do not have flourishing stolon and root-like stock, through competition and the succession of 2-3, final all degeneration becomes simple lawn (the local succession that illumination is good is simple Zoysia Japonica Turf, and the local succession of illumination difference is simple cold-season type lawn); (3), although creeping bentgrass stolon is flourishing, various resistance and ability of occupying are far below Korea lawn grass, and its mixed effect finally also comes to an end to develop into simple Zoysia Japonica Turf.Still there is many drawbacks in visible existing cold season and warm season turf mixed seeding floor space, does not even finally reach the due effect of mixed lawn.
By long for green phase, root system and root-like stock is flourishing, the husky raw wheatgrass of the cold season pasture herbage of low-maintenance is introduced as green grassland grass seeds, have important practical significance with Korea lawn grass mixed seeding floor space.The two mixed lawn formed meets compatible principle and the biological property consistency principle of mixed lawn, can have complementary advantages, changes in temperature season smooth transition, be connected nature, reach the effect of four seasons balance, thus lasting mixed lawn can be formed.The good characteristic such as drought resistance, disease resistance, resistance to trample that these two kinds of grass are total simultaneously, make the mixed lawn of planting be suitable for low level management, maintenance costs obviously reduces.Can the extensive use as Ornamental turf, lawn of strolling about or have a rest, sports turf, slope protecting grassplot, lawn, isolation strip, airport and land reclamation in mining area lawn.
But how successfully the two can be carried out the higher technology of mixed seeding floor space needs, its difficult point is: 1. Agropyron seeds is comparatively large, and thousand kernel weight is 2.33g, and zoysia japonica seed is less, and thousand kernel weight is 0.33g, the two clean culture seeding quantity and sowing depth difference; 2. the two suitable germination temperature area requirement is different.The germination temperature that wheatgrass is suitable for is 20-30 DEG C, and optimum temperature is 25 DEG C, and the germination temperature that Korea lawn grass is suitable for is 26-35 DEG C, and optimum temperature is 30 DEG C; 3. Korea lawn grass germinates and needs sufficient illumination during growth of seedling, and husky raw wheatgrass duration of germination requires not tight to illumination, but seedling growth stage also needs sufficient illumination; 4. Zoysia is in stolon type, occur as constructive species in wild vegetational type, husky raw wheatgrass belongs to thin clump rhizome type, how to occur as companion species in steppe vegetation group, sometimes can succession be sociales gradually in rugged environment condition, the two Bromus inermis to population foundation with become level ground effect and play a crucial role; 5. the two growth of seedling is all very slow, and seedling management requires comparatively strict.Therefore, need to make the two germination simultaneously, synchronous growth, illumination distribution suitably could form comparatively uniform mixed lawn.The two mixed lawn meets the main flow direction of Development of Turf from now on-select water-saving drought resisting turf grass species, solves to introduce a fine variety the husky raw wheatgrass of pasture herbage first and apply significant as level ground grass seeds and with the mixed lawn of technological difficulties to the two of Korea lawn grass mixed seeding floor space.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problem, the invention provides a kind of breeding method quoting the husky raw wheatgrass of grassland grass seeds and Korea lawn grass mixed seeding floor space.Utilize China to have ecologicaI distribution district widely, herbaceous plant is of a great variety, seed resource is abundant advantage, the present invention quotes two kinds of Local grass-seed first and carries out mixed seeding floor space.These two kinds of grass seeds have the wild distribution of large area at northern area, very be applicable to local weather conditions, mixed seeding more than 3 years is put into practice floor space and is proved: the mixed lawn of the two had both extended the green phase on lawn, has again the superiority of other mixed lawn (between import grass seeds mixed seeding or import grass seeds and Local grass-seed mixed seeding) incomparable drought resisting, disease and insect resistance, impoverishment tolerant, low-maintenance etc.For precedent has been started in the level ground exploitation of China's wild herb resource, for the selection of mixed seeding grass seeds in the greening of large area garden lawn provides a new direction.
The technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of breeding method of novel water-saving mixed lawn is as follows:
1) preparation in the front place of floor space:
1.1) soil melioration: make bed top layer, the level ground 30-35cm soil texture be sandy loam;
1.2) soil pH value is regulated: make pH value range at 5.5-7.5;
1.3) water end water: water one time permeable, make it connect with the wet soil of deep layer.
2) floor space operation:
2.1) the floor space time: May, as minimum air temperature 15-20 DEG C, sow during maximum air temperature 25-30 DEG C;
2.2) apply fertilizer: apply two ammoniums fertilizer and potassium dihydrogen phosphate fertilizer in level ground bed surface; Preferably, fertilizing amount is: two ammonium fertilizing amount 35-40g/m
2, potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 10-15g/m
2;
2.3) the husky raw wheatgrass of sowing: the husky raw wheatgrass of first sowing, after planting, carry out suppression one time with the roller of 150-200kg, then the sieve of for subsequent use soil aperture 4-5mm identical with former level ground bed is carried out earthing, thickness is 2-2.5cm;
2.4) Korea lawn grass is sowed: and then sow Korea lawn grass, after planting, gently press one time with the lawn roller of 50-100kg, then carry out covering sand with the sieve of aperture 4-5mm, thickness 0.5-0.8cm;
Preferably, the sowing ratio of husky raw wheatgrass and Korea lawn grass is: the seeding quantity of husky raw wheatgrass is 18-20g/m
2, the seeding quantity of Korea lawn grass is 15-18g/m
2;
2.5) finally one time is gently pressed with the roller of 50-100kg again.
3) management of germination period
3.1) water: every day respectively waters one time sooner or later, makes the soil of top layer about 5cm remain moistening;
3.2) mend husky and suppress: bed surface in duration of germination level ground causes sand to lack the exposed place of seed due to the reason such as to water, and covers sand in time and suppresses.
4) management in seedling stage
Cut weeds, keep level ground bed surface wettability, that is, remain that topsoil 2-5cm is moistening.
5) level ground management is become
5.1) prune: prune first when lawn height reaches 5-6cm, stubble height 3-4cm;
5.2) water and restraining the growth of seedlings;
5.3) cover sand: at northern area, when the maximum air temperature is 14-16 DEG C, when the minimum air temperature is 4-6 DEG C, Zoysia Japonica Turf enters resting stage completely, needs to cover sand once, and thickness is 0.5-0.8cm;
5.4) cut weeds: manually pull out the weeds in the bed of level ground in time.
5.5) paclobutrazol is sprayed: after floor space First Year, annual at its optimum growh phase spray plant growth inhibitor paclobutrazol 1-2 time to dominant population, preferably, the aqueous solution of paclobutrazol liquid to be concentration be 330-350mg/kg, every square metre sprays liquid 35-40 gram.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1. for the selection of lawn greening mixed seeding grass seeds provides a new direction: quote pasture herbage first as level ground grass seeds and the success of Korea lawn grass mixed seeding floor space, for large area garden lawn from now on afforest in the selection of mixed seeding grass seeds a new direction is provided.
2. maintenance management cost obviously reduces: adopt two kinds of Local grass-seed to carry out mixed seeding first, Local grass-seed adapts to local weather and soil condition very much, shows extremely strong vitality, and very suitable low level management, therefore greatly reduces maintenance costs.
3. extend the green phase on lawn: Korea lawn grass is warm season grass seeds, and the green phase is shorter in the north, turns green at the beginning of 5 months in Shenyang, dormancy at the beginning of 10 months, husky raw wheatgrass is supplement feeding, turns green at the beginning of 4 months in Shenyang, dormancy at the beginning of 11 months.The green phase on lawn is extended the time of nearly 2 months by the introducing of husky raw wheatgrass.
4. save a large amount of water resource: these two kind all very drought resistings, husky raw wheatgrass need not be able to be watered within annual precipitation 230mm whole breeding time, and Korea lawn grass just can meet growth demand at annual precipitation 500-600mm dependence natural rainfall.Therefore substantially need not water in the lawn after Cheng Ping within breeding time, saved a large amount of water resources.
5. establishment methods meets the different temperature requirements of the two duration of germination, is beneficial to seed germination: the germination temperature that husky raw wheatgrass is suitable for is 20-30 DEG C, and optimum temperature is 25 DEG C, and the germination temperature that Korea lawn grass is suitable for is 26-35 DEG C, and optimum temperature is 30 DEG C.Sow, layered coverage, husky raw wheatgrass sowing, in deep layer, covers with soil, and heat up comparatively slow, Seed Layer temperature is lower in batches; Korea lawn grass sowing, on top layer, covers with sand, and heat up very fast, Seed Layer temperature is higher.Thus meet the different temperature requirement of the two duration of germination, be beneficial to seed sprouting.
6. can form lasting mixed lawn: husky raw wheatgrass has flourishing root system and root-like stock, Korea lawn grass has flourishing stolon and root-like stock, the two is sprawl growth all, occupy very competent, and have indomitable survival ability and perfect self-recovery mechanism, and the maintenance management level requirement of the two is identical, i.e. extensive low-maintenance management, simultaneously by the growth of using dominant population in both control mixed lawn of the plant growth inhibitor of high concentration, in addition prune the control to lawn height, just can form lasting uniform mixed lawn.
7. avoid a series of adverse effects that import grass seeds brings: the supplement feeding at present for green grassland almost leans on import entirely, and China needs import turf grass species about about 3000 tons every year at present according to statistics, consumes foreign exchange millions of dollar.Simultaneously exogenous grass seeds is inherently with the problem of serving, as need water many, manage and protect and costly, not easily survive, easily degenerate, according to statistics, a water requirement is watered more than 400,000,000 tons in all lawns, Beijing.Northern area drought, winter is cold, and very unfavorable to the growth on lawn, maintenance cost is higher, and the sustainable development that lawn of sening as an envoy to is propped up in high water consumption and huge maintenance is restricted.The success of the Local grass-seed mixed seeding floor space of two kinds of applicable local climates, avoids the impact of all unfavorable factors above-mentioned, the not only easy maintenance of water-saving, and has the due function of level ground grass seeds, has practicable significance to saving foreign exchange, environmental protect.
Embodiment
The breeding method of a kind of novel water-saving mixed lawn of embodiment
One, the preparation in the front place of floor space:
1, foreign material are removed: remove the foreign material such as the visible tree root in top layer, place and stone.
2, soil melioration: mix husky way by clay, make bed top layer, the level ground 30-35cm soil texture be sandy loam or loam, wherein sandy loam is best.
3, soil pH value is regulated: make its pH value range at 5.5-7.5.The way that acid ground adds limestone powder (Paris white), basic soil adds gypsum regulates.
4, soil cultivation: tilth 30-35cm, carries out in conjunction with soil melioration and adjustment soil pH value operation, can reduce agitating procedure like this.
5, place moulding: require moulding according to construction drawing.
6, thick whole ground and cleaning foreign material: ground hugged by the flat rake of artificial employing, the deep layer stone exposed after removing soil cultivation and other foreign material.
7, water end water: water one time permeable, make it connect with the wet soil of deep layer, clods breaking when being conducive to the sedimentation of new anthropogenic soil and the thin moulding of lower step.
8, thin moulding: make full use of the soil moisture content watering end water and formed, the flat rake of artificial use carries out local fine moulding time moist on bed top layer, level ground, require " break up the clods, remove stone, local sculpt ", standard is " little flat large uneven ", and namely whole level ground bed has the gradient but can not occur local concave and convex phenomenon.
Two, floor space operation:
1, floor space time: the husky raw wheatgrass floor space time can at spring and autumn, but the two mixed seeding floor space, can only can not floor space in the fall in spring at northern area, no person Korea lawn grass survives the winter the little death of seedling.As minimum air temperature 15-20 DEG C, sow during maximum air temperature 25-30 DEG C, areas of Shenyang late May is Optimal sowing date.
2, apply fertilizer: two ammonium fertilizing amount 35-40g/m
2, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 10-15g/m
2, adopt fertilizer distributor uniform of application in level ground bed surface.
3, the husky raw wheatgrass of sowing: the husky raw wheatgrass of first sowing, seeding quantity is 18-20g/m
2, carry out evenly after planting with sower, carry out suppression one time with the roller of 150-200kg, the sieve of for subsequent use soil aperture 4-5mm identical with former level ground bed is carried out earthing, and thickness is 2-2.5cm.
4, Korea lawn grass is sowed: then sow Korea lawn grass, seeding quantity is 15-18g/m
2, carry out evenly after planting with sower, gently press one time with the lawn roller of 50-100kg, carry out covering sand with the sieve of aperture 4-5mm, thickness 0.5-0.8cm.
5, suppress: the roller of left back 50-100kg is gently pressed one time again.
Three, the management of germination period
1, water: adopt the good shower nozzle of atomizing effect to water, every day respectively waters one time sooner or later, makes the soil of top layer 5cm remain moistening.Noon can not water, and is beneficial to the intensification of soil species sublayer and germinates.
2, mend husky and suppress: the place that bed surface in duration of germination level ground causes sand to lack seed exposed due to the reason such as to water is covered sand in time and suppresses.
Four, the management in seedling stage
1, the standard that all sprouts of seedling: after planting 15-20 days, on the bed of level ground, every square centimeter goes out 1-2 seedling, and seedling grows to 1-2 sheet leaflet.
2, cut weeds: all very slowly and like light, more weeds jeopardize the success of its floor space for Korea lawn grass and husky raw wheatgrass Growth of Seedling.Therefore need often manually to pull out.
3, water: the root system in seedling stage both is more shallow, will water in time during topsoil 2-5cm arid.
Five, level ground management is become
1, prune: suitable pruning maintains the lasting most important factor of mixed lawn.Prune first when lawn height reaches 5-6cm, stubble height 3-4cm, like this for the growth on low layer lawn provides sufficient illumination.These two kinds of equal sprawl growths of grass, therefore Pruning frequency is lower, monthly prunes once, is highly 4-5cm, and sports ground keeps cutting range and Pruning frequency according to functional requirement.
2, watering and restraining the growth of seedlings: in order to promote the growth of lawn root system, needing suitably to carry out restraining the growth of seedlings process to giving birth to seedling then, watering again when dry ground appears in below upper soll layer 5cm or lawn part blade tip starts curling.The mixed lawn daily management of planting then needs suitably to supplement soil moisture, and general 15-20 days waters one time.Substantially need not water whole vegetative period at northern area after Second Year.
3, sand is covered: at northern area; when the maximum air temperature is 14-16 DEG C; when the minimum air temperature is 4-6 DEG C; Zoysia Japonica Turf enters resting stage completely; need to cover sand once, thickness is 0.5-0.8cm, to protect Korea lawn grass stolon and husky raw wheatgrass is rhizomatic survives the winter smoothly; simultaneously due to sand quick heating, thus be conducive to the continued growth of husky raw wheatgrass.No longer sand is covered after Second Year.
4, cut weeds: the mixed lawn of planting then reaches before 100% in cover degree, have some weeds and occur, manually should pull out the weeds in the bed of level ground in time.Because the competitive ability of the two is all quite strong after Second Year, there is no weeds.
5, spray paclobutrazol: after floor space First Year, when wheatgrass occupies superiority in mixed lawn, spring or autumn wheatgrass the suitable growth period spray paclobutrazol 1-2 time; When Korea lawn grass occupies superiority in mixed lawn, summer Korea lawn grass the suitable growth period spray paclobutrazol 1-2 time.The aqueous solution of paclobutrazol liquid to be concentration be 330-350mg/kg, every square metre sprays liquid 35-40 gram.Thus suppress the growth of advantage grass seeds, eliminate its superiority, both maintenances advantage is impartial, forms evenly lasting mixed lawn.
Application examples 1
Adopt said method, the mixed lawn of more than 3000 square metre is planted in the Entertainment Plaza of Liaoning University's new camupus, after 3 years, in lawn, two kinds of grass seeds still respectively account for about 50%, form good mixed lawn, extend the green phase on lawn, the lawn green phase reaches more than 210 day, both provides for university student and teacher place of strolling about or have a rest, again for afforestation design adds one beautiful scenery, although teachers and students walk or have a rest comparatively frequent in the above, lawn shows indomitable vitality.
Application examples 2
Adopt said method, Entertainment Plaza in park, somewhere, Shenyang carries out establishing in large scale, and after 2 years, lawn growing way is vigorous, two kinds of grass seeds advantages are impartial, form good mixed lawn, extend the green phase on lawn, the lawn green phase is April-November, even if people walk in the above, or have a rest, lawn shows indomitable vitality, for park saves a large amount of administrative expenses.
Application examples 3
Adopt said method, the somewhere Entertainment Plaza in Anshan carries out establishing in large scale, and after 3 years, it is very good that Korea lawn grass and the raw wheatgrass combined effect of sand show, and group is uniform and stable, face, level ground neat, and the green phase comparatively reaches 220 days.Because people's motion rest equifrequent on lawn is higher, lawn part occurs damaged, but impaired turf restoring force is extremely strong, through the fencing lawn to impaired lawn of more than 20 days, has recovered again original state very soon.
Above-mentioned 3 Entertainment Plaza lawns are from the Second Year of planting, all do not carry out watering, applied fertilizer, the control of damage by disease and insect and preventing and kill off of weeds, lawn Evaluation on Appearance Quality and service quality evaluation all reach good level, for turf management saves a large amount of artificial and expenses.