CN103916895A - Method and system for protecting remote radio unit power amplifier on base band unit side of base station - Google Patents
Method and system for protecting remote radio unit power amplifier on base band unit side of base station Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103916895A CN103916895A CN201310003535.XA CN201310003535A CN103916895A CN 103916895 A CN103916895 A CN 103916895A CN 201310003535 A CN201310003535 A CN 201310003535A CN 103916895 A CN103916895 A CN 103916895A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- rru
- bbu
- power amplifier
- reset
- reseting event
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
- H04W24/04—Arrangements for maintaining operational condition
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
- H04W88/08—Access point devices
- H04W88/085—Access point devices with remote components
Abstract
The invention discloses a method and system for protecting a remote radio unit (RRU) power amplifier on the base band unit (BBU) side of a base station and relates to the field of mobile communication. The method comprises the steps that the BBU detects reset events initiated by a user in real time; an in-phase or orthogonal-phase link of the RRU is disconnected or the RRU power amplifier is controlled to be switched off when the reset events are detected; after the reset events are over, the IQ link of the RRU is reestablished, or the RRU power amplifier is controlled to be switched on. According to the method and system, the RRU power amplifier can be protected on the BBU side, and burning of the RRU power amplifier caused when abnormal data enter the RRU power amplifier under the situation that a BBU system resets, or an RRU interface board resets, or a product subsystem resets can be effectively avoided.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to moving communicating field, particularly a kind of method and related system at Base Band Unit BBU side protection radio frequency remote unit RRU power amplifier.
Background technology
Base station system is made up of BBU and RRU, as shown in Figure 1.The power amplifier of RRU is the core component of RRU, and can the stability of its work and reliability directly affect base station directly move, and guarantees the normal covering of community.Because power amplifier is high power device, in the running of base station, if there is abnormal data, such as wide range signal, high-average power, burr etc. enter, and may cause power amplifier to burn out.
At present, mostly power amplifier resist technology is in the self-protecting of RRU side, as shown in Figure 2.The method combining by hardware detection and RRU software control realizes.May cause, in situation that power amplifier burns out, adopting power amplifier close and reduce transmitting power and protect power amplifier by the power of inphase/orthogonal phase IQ signal being detected, detecting.
RRU model is numerous, and the abnormal data protective capability of various RRU power amplifier exists difference, when RRU side is perfect not to abnormal data protection design, or cannot accomplish that 100% when reliable, exists the possibility that burns out power amplifier.
From experimental data, artificial BBU system reset of initiating, RRU interface board reset or product subsystem resets, and have abnormal data and enter RRU power amplifier, cause power amplifier to burn out.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method and system of base station baseband cell protection Remote Radio Unit power amplifier, can solve better that abnormal data when artificial initiation BBU system reset, RRU interface board reset or product subsystem resets enters RRU power amplifier and the problem that causes power amplifier to burn out.
According to an aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of method of base station baseband cell protection Remote Radio Unit power amplifier, having comprised:
Base Band Unit BBU detects Client-initiated reseting event in real time;
If reseting event detected, delete the inphase/orthogonal phase IQ link of radio frequency remote unit RRU or control RRU power amplifier and turn-off;
After reseting event finishes, re-establish the IQ link of RRU or control RRU power amplifier and open.
Preferably, described reseting event comprises that BBU system reset or RRU interface board reset or product subsystem resets.
Preferably, if described reseting event is BBU system reset, BBU initiates reset request to all RRU, to reset by all RRU, closes all RRU power amplifiers.
Preferably, described BBU receives RRU and responds after the acknowledge message of described reset request, controls peripheral board power down, and starts master control borad reset.
Preferably, reset if described reseting event is RRU interface board, BBU is by the IQ link circuit deleting of RRU corresponding described RRU interface board.
Preferably, after the IQ link circuit deleting of described RRU, BBU sends the notification message for resetting to RRU interface board, to described RRU interface board is resetted.
Preferably, reset if described reseting event is product subsystem, BBU deletes the corresponding RRUShang of described product subsystem community, and by the IQ link circuit deleting of described RRU.
Preferably, after the IQ link circuit deleting of described RRU, BBU starts the product related single-boards that described product subsystem is corresponding and resets.
According to a further aspect in the invention, provide a kind of system of base station baseband cell protection Remote Radio Unit power amplifier, having comprised:
Base Band Unit BBU, for detecting in real time Client-initiated reseting event, and in the time reseting event being detected, delete the inphase/orthogonal phase IQ link of radio frequency remote unit RRU or control RRU power amplifier and turn-off, and after reseting event finishes, re-establish the IQ link of RRU;
Radio frequency remote unit RRU, for close RRU power amplifier under the control of BBU, and after reseting event finishes, reopens RRU power amplifier.
Preferably, described BBU comprises:
Human-computer interaction module, for detecting in real time reseting event, described reseting event comprises that BBU system reset or RRU interface board reset or product subsystem resets.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
The present invention, in view of limitation and the imperfection of the protection of RRU side power amplifier,, increases and processes for the link that may cause power amplifier to damage from BBU side, effectively protects the power amplifier of RRU.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the BBU that provides of prior art and the connection block diagram of RRU;
Fig. 2 is the power amplifier protective position schematic diagram that prior art provides;
Fig. 3 is the method block diagram of the base station baseband cell protection Remote Radio Unit power amplifier that provides of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the logic diagram of the master control borad that provides of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the block diagram that the RRU that provides of the embodiment of the present invention connects two RRU interface boards.
Embodiment
To a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail, should be appreciated that following illustrated preferred embodiment, only for description and interpretation the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
A kind of method that the invention provides BBU protection RRU power amplifier, is used for preventing BBU system reset, the damage to RRU power amplifier when RRU interface board resets, product subsystem resets.
RRU power amplifier has burnt out two necessary conditions:
1, RRU power amplifier is opened;
2, there is abnormal data to pass through IQ link and flow into RRU power amplifier.
The present invention, by making one of them condition not meet, reaches the object of protection RRU power amplifier.
Fig. 3 is the method block diagram of the base station baseband cell protection Remote Radio Unit power amplifier that provides of the embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in Figure 3, step comprises:
Step 301, Base Band Unit BBU detect Client-initiated reseting event in real time.
In described step 301, described reseting event comprises that BBU system reset or RRU interface board reset or product subsystem resets.
If step 302 detects reseting event, delete the inphase/orthogonal phase IQ link of radio frequency remote unit RRU or control RRU power amplifier and turn-off.
If the reseting event that A detects is BBU system reset, BBU initiates reset request to all RRU, to reset by all RRU, closes all RRU power amplifiers.Described BBU receives RRU and responds after the acknowledge message of described reset request, controls peripheral board power down, and starts master control borad reset.That is to say, when BBU system reset, before abnormal data enters RRU, close the power amplifier of RRU, specifically comprise the steps:
A1, user input manmachine command (comprising that base station resets, system version upgrading, master control borad reset), and BBU detects reseting event;
A2, BBU detect after above-mentioned reseting event, and RRU is initiated to reset request;
A3, RRU receive after reset message, close RRU power amplifier, and respond the successful confirmation message that resets to BBU;
A4, BBU receive after acknowledge message, reset BBU.
Reset if the reseting event that B detects is RRU interface board, BBU is by the IQ link circuit deleting of RRU corresponding described RRU interface board.After the IQ link circuit deleting of described RRU, BBU sends the notification message for resetting to RRU interface board, to described RRU interface board is resetted.That is to say, when RRU interface board resets, by deleting IQ commutative relation (being equivalent to disconnect IQ passage, IQ Switching Module shown in Figure 2), stop abnormal data to flow into RRU power amplifier by IQ passage, concrete steps comprise:
A1, user input manmachine command (reset of RRU interface board), and BBU detects reseting event;
A2, BBU detect after above-mentioned reseting event, delete the IQ link of RRU, make to enter RRU power amplifier without abnormal data;
A3, reset RRU interface board.
Reset if the reseting event that C detects is product subsystem, BBU deletes the corresponding RRUShang of described product subsystem community, and by the IQ link circuit deleting of described RRU.After the IQ link circuit deleting of described RRU, BBU starts the product related single-boards that described product subsystem is corresponding and resets.That is to say, when product subsystem resets, by deleting IQ commutative relation, stop abnormal data to flow into RRU power amplifier by IQ passage, concrete steps comprise:
C1, user input manmachine command (product standard resets, product standard is upgraded), and BBU detects reseting event;
C2, BBU detect after above-mentioned reseting event, delete RRUShang community;
C3, BBU delete the IQ link of RRU, make to enter RRU power amplifier without abnormal data;
C4, product related single-boards reset.
After step 303, reseting event finish, re-establish the IQ link of RRU or control RRU power amplifier and open.
The present invention also provides a kind of system of base station baseband cell protection Remote Radio Unit power amplifier, comprising:
Base Band Unit BBU, for detecting in real time Client-initiated reseting event, and in the time reseting event being detected, delete the inphase/orthogonal phase IQ link of radio frequency remote unit RRU or control RRU power amplifier and turn-off, and after reseting event finishes, re-establish the IQ link of RRU;
Radio frequency remote unit RRU for close RRU power amplifier under the control of BBU, and after reseting event finishes, is set up community on RRU, reopens RRU power amplifier.
Wherein, Fig. 4 is the logic diagram of the master control borad that provides of the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 4, comprising:
Human-computer interaction module, for detecting in real time Client-initiated reseting event, described reseting event comprises that BBU system reset or RRU interface board reset or product subsystem resets.
Control module, in the time reseting event being detected, controls product subsystem and deletes the inphase/orthogonal phase IQ link of radio frequency remote unit RRU or control RRU reset, and RRU closes to attack to be put;
Product subsystem, for delete the IQ link of RRU under the control of control module, and after reseting event finishes, re-establishes the IQ link of RRU.
Described master control borad is arranged in BBU.
Fig. 5 is the block diagram that the RRU that provides of the embodiment of the present invention connects two RRU interface boards, and as shown in Figure 5, the concrete implementation step of BBU side protection RRU power amplifier is as follows:
Embodiment 1, BBU system reset
1, base station resets
The first step, user initiate base station resets, and human-computer interaction module detects reseting event, and send message to control module, and control module sends reset message to all RRU, and master control borad logic diagram is referring to Fig. 4;
Second step, RRU reset according to the described reset message of receiving, RRU power amplifier is closed, and now, although there is abnormal data, can not enter RRU power amplifier;
The 3rd step, RRU respond to BBU the successful confirmation message that resets;
The 4th step, BBU receive after described acknowledge message, and control module sends power down message to all peripheral boards, makes peripheral board power-off reset;
The 5th step, control module start master control borad and reset.
2, system version upgrading
The first step, user start system version upgrading, and human-computer interaction module detects reseting event, and sends message to control module, and control module sends message to all RRU;
Second step, RRU reset according to the described reset message of receiving, RRU power amplifier is closed, and now, although there is abnormal data, can not enter RRU power amplifier;
The 3rd step, RRU respond to BBU the successful confirmation message that resets;
The 4th step, BBU receive after described acknowledge message, and control module sends power down message to all peripheral boards, makes peripheral board power-off reset;
The 5th step, control module start master control borad and reset.
3, master control borad resets
The first step, the user master control borad that resets, human-computer interaction module detects reseting event, and sends message to control module, control module sends message to all RRU,
Second step, RRU reset according to the described reset message of receiving, RRU power amplifier is closed, and now, although there is abnormal data, can not enter RRU power amplifier;
The 3rd step, RRU respond to BBU the successful confirmation message that resets;
The 4th step, BBU receive after described acknowledge message, and control module sends power down message to all peripheral boards, makes peripheral board power-off reset;
The 5th step, control module start master control borad and reset.
Embodiment 2, RRU interface board reset
Common mode RRU is connected on two RRU interface boards, described RRU interface board is Optical Fiber Interface Board, as shown in Figure 5, if the Optical Fiber Interface Board resetting wherein is just closed the power amplifier of RRU, can cause the Zone of coming by another piece Optical Fiber Interface Board directly to interrupt, therefore Optical Fiber Interface Board resets and adopts the mode of the IQ link (the IQ link of the interface board that the IQ link correspondence of the RRU of deletion will reset) of deleting RRU, stops abnormal data to flow into the power amplifier of RRU by IQ passage.
The first step, user trigger reset RRU interface board;
Second step, human-computer interaction module detect reseting event, notice control module, and control module notice product is deleted the IQ link of RRU, and IQ link circuit deleting, makes to enter RRU power amplifier without abnormal data, thus the power amplifier of protection RRU;
The 3rd step, control module notice RRU interface board reset;
The 4th step, RRU interface board power-off reset.
Embodiment 3, product subsystem reset
For bimodulus RRU, on RRU, carried TD-SCDMA business and TDLTE business simultaneously, in the time that TD-SCDMA product subsystem resets, remove to close the power amplifier of RRU, can cause the service disconnection of TDLTE, inadvisable.Therefore,, in the time that TD-SCDMA product resets, by deleting IQ link corresponding to TD-SCDMA product, protect RRU power amplifier.
1, product standard resets
The first step, user trigger product standard and reset;
Second step, human-computer interaction module detect after reseting event, notice control module, and control module notice product, resets product standard;
The 3rd step, product are deleted product business;
The 4th step, product are deleted the IQ link of RRU, make to enter RRU power amplifier without abnormal data, thus the power amplifier of protection RRU;
The 5th step, product related single-boards reset.
2, product standard upgrading
The first step, user trigger the upgrading of product standard;
Second step, human-computer interaction module detect after reseting event, notice control module, and control module notice product subsystem resets;
The 3rd step, product are deleted product business;
The 4th step, product are deleted the IQ link of RRU, make to enter RRU power amplifier without abnormal data, thus protection RRU power amplifier;
The 5th step, product related single-boards reset.
Certainly, the present invention also can have other numerous embodiments, can be applicable to single mode and the multimode product of multiple wireless standard, in the situation that not deviating from spirit of the present invention and essence thereof, those familiar with ordinary skill in the art can make according to the present invention various corresponding changes and distortion.
Although above the present invention is had been described in detail, the invention is not restricted to this, those skilled in the art of the present technique can carry out various modifications according to principle of the present invention.Therefore, all modifications of doing according to the principle of the invention, all should be understood to fall into protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a method for base station baseband cell protection Remote Radio Unit power amplifier, is characterized in that, comprising:
Base Band Unit BBU detects Client-initiated reseting event in real time;
If reseting event detected, delete the inphase/orthogonal phase IQ link of radio frequency remote unit RRU or control RRU power amplifier and turn-off;
After reseting event finishes, re-establish the IQ link of RRU or control RRU power amplifier and open.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described reseting event comprises that BBU system reset or RRU interface board reset or product subsystem resets.
3. method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, if described reseting event is BBU system reset, BBU initiates reset request to all RRU, to reset by all RRU, closes all RRU power amplifiers.
4. method according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described BBU receives RRU and responds after the acknowledge message of described reset request, controls peripheral board power down, and starts master control borad reset.
5. method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, resets if described reseting event is RRU interface board, and BBU is by the IQ link circuit deleting of RRU corresponding described RRU interface board.
6. method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, after the IQ link circuit deleting of described RRU, BBU sends the notification message for resetting to RRU interface board, to described RRU interface board is resetted.
7. method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, resets if described reseting event is product subsystem, and BBU deletes the corresponding RRUShang of described product subsystem community, and by the IQ link circuit deleting of described RRU.
8. method according to claim 7, is characterized in that, after the IQ link circuit deleting of described RRU, BBU starts the product related single-boards that described product subsystem is corresponding and resets.
9. a system for base station baseband cell protection Remote Radio Unit power amplifier, is characterized in that, comprising:
Base Band Unit BBU, for detecting in real time Client-initiated reseting event, and in the time reseting event being detected, delete the inphase/orthogonal phase IQ link of radio frequency remote unit RRU or control RRU power amplifier and turn-off, and after reseting event finishes, re-establish the IQ link of RRU;
Radio frequency remote unit RRU, for close RRU power amplifier under the control of BBU, and after reseting event finishes, reopens RRU power amplifier.
10. system according to claim 9, is characterized in that, described BBU comprises:
Human-computer interaction module, for detecting in real time reseting event, described reseting event comprises that BBU system reset or RRU interface board reset or product subsystem resets.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310003535.XA CN103916895B (en) | 2013-01-06 | 2013-01-06 | A kind of method and system of base station baseband cell protection Remote Radio Unit power amplifier |
| PCT/CN2013/084226 WO2014106399A1 (en) | 2013-01-06 | 2013-09-25 | Method and system for protecting power amplifier of radio remote unit by base band unit of base station |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310003535.XA CN103916895B (en) | 2013-01-06 | 2013-01-06 | A kind of method and system of base station baseband cell protection Remote Radio Unit power amplifier |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103916895A true CN103916895A (en) | 2014-07-09 |
| CN103916895B CN103916895B (en) | 2019-01-04 |
Family
ID=51042206
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310003535.XA Active CN103916895B (en) | 2013-01-06 | 2013-01-06 | A kind of method and system of base station baseband cell protection Remote Radio Unit power amplifier |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN103916895B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2014106399A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104753723A (en) * | 2015-04-08 | 2015-07-01 | 华为技术有限公司 | Single board resetting method, device and set of baseband unit |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3718225B1 (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2022-08-17 | Commscope Technologies LLC | Systems and methods for emergency operation of a wireless communication system |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101183900A (en) * | 2007-11-23 | 2008-05-21 | 深圳国人通信有限公司 | Baseband extension radio frequency subsystem RRU testing method, system and analog BBU device |
| CN101399594A (en) * | 2008-11-06 | 2009-04-01 | 北京创毅视讯科技有限公司 | Control means |
| CN102064880A (en) * | 2009-11-13 | 2011-05-18 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Radio frequency remote module and power amplifier protection method thereof |
| CN102316558A (en) * | 2010-06-30 | 2012-01-11 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Method and device for realizing wireless base station power supply management and control |
| EP2482593A1 (en) * | 2009-10-23 | 2012-08-01 | ZTE Corporation | Method and system for realizing carrier wave control |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101272583B (en) * | 2005-06-30 | 2012-01-04 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method for near-end maintaining radio remote module |
| CN102264090A (en) * | 2011-08-15 | 2011-11-30 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Method and device for processing outage alarm of base station |
-
2013
- 2013-01-06 CN CN201310003535.XA patent/CN103916895B/en active Active
- 2013-09-25 WO PCT/CN2013/084226 patent/WO2014106399A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101183900A (en) * | 2007-11-23 | 2008-05-21 | 深圳国人通信有限公司 | Baseband extension radio frequency subsystem RRU testing method, system and analog BBU device |
| CN101399594A (en) * | 2008-11-06 | 2009-04-01 | 北京创毅视讯科技有限公司 | Control means |
| EP2482593A1 (en) * | 2009-10-23 | 2012-08-01 | ZTE Corporation | Method and system for realizing carrier wave control |
| CN102064880A (en) * | 2009-11-13 | 2011-05-18 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Radio frequency remote module and power amplifier protection method thereof |
| CN102316558A (en) * | 2010-06-30 | 2012-01-11 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Method and device for realizing wireless base station power supply management and control |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104753723A (en) * | 2015-04-08 | 2015-07-01 | 华为技术有限公司 | Single board resetting method, device and set of baseband unit |
| WO2016161938A1 (en) * | 2015-04-08 | 2016-10-13 | 华为技术有限公司 | Single board reset method, apparatus and device for base band unit |
| CN104753723B (en) * | 2015-04-08 | 2018-04-20 | 华为技术有限公司 | The board resetting method, apparatus and equipment of a kind of baseband processing unit |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2014106399A1 (en) | 2014-07-10 |
| CN103916895B (en) | 2019-01-04 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| KR102085684B1 (en) | Charging protection method and apparatus | |
| US9258024B2 (en) | SIM card connector and mobile terminal | |
| US20150082422A1 (en) | Security switch | |
| CN103294562B (en) | Method for sharing peripheral device by dual operating systems and electronic device | |
| US10523160B2 (en) | Protection of power amplifiers in a signal booster | |
| CN103916895A (en) | Method and system for protecting remote radio unit power amplifier on base band unit side of base station | |
| US9320082B2 (en) | Method and system for switching wireless devices in looped network | |
| CN105635102A (en) | Wi-Fi hot spot connection setting method and device | |
| WO2018014152A1 (en) | Method for handling abnormal disconnection of core network, and terminal | |
| CN201608697U (en) | Short-message interactive remote switch | |
| JP2015529408A (en) | Wireless terminal for reducing power consumption and method for reducing power consumption of a wireless terminal | |
| WO2022184046A1 (en) | Method and apparatus for controlling rrc connection, and communication device | |
| CN105657701A (en) | Calling method and device based on eSIM (embedded subscriber identity module) card | |
| CN113015226B (en) | Network connection method and device | |
| CN210629540U (en) | Safety isolation control computer system | |
| KR20230106672A (en) | Cell switching method, terminal device and network device | |
| CN101800597B (en) | Method and system for preventing vibration of fiber interface | |
| CN215990831U (en) | Safety isolation device supporting PCI-E wireless network card | |
| CN103249100A (en) | Method and terminal for processing data transmission service | |
| CN112189292B (en) | Charging protection method and device | |
| CN105763728A (en) | Five-mode DSDS mobile terminal protection method and system | |
| CN105763727A (en) | Three-mode DSDS mobile terminal protection method and system | |
| CN106900077A (en) | The VPN automatic recovery system and method for a kind of intelligent terminal | |
| CN110457960A (en) | Computer network security control device | |
| CN104185155A (en) | Conversation processing method and device |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |