CN103893223B - A kind of method of machining at low temperature Ganoderma - Google Patents
A kind of method of machining at low temperature Ganoderma Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of method that the invention discloses machining at low temperature Ganoderma, chooses dew tender shoots and the most lignified Ganoderma sporophore, and general suitable plucking time was after Ganoderma sporophore grows, less than 15 days.Clean after gathering, pull an oar, lyophilization obtains powder, then carries out cold preservation.The product that the processing method of the machining at low temperature Ganoderma that the present invention provides prepares carries out zoopery, result shows that the product that the present invention prepares has the function well strengthening immunity, assay result shows the ganoderma lucidum product content that the active constituent content of ganoderma lucidum product that the method that the present invention provides prepares prepares apparently higher than conventional method simultaneously, and the ganoderma lucidum product that the method that the present invention provides prepares also has SOD, further improves the using value of the ganoderma lucidum product that this law prepares.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the field of Chinese medicines, a kind of method being specifically related to machining at low temperature Ganoderma.
Background technology
Ganoderma, also known as Ganoderma lucidum seu Japonicum, Ganoderma, Ganoderma lucidum seu Japonicum, Herba mesonae chinensis, Ganoderma, is Polyporaceae plant Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss. Ex Fr.) Karst. or the sporophore of Ganoderma.
Sweet in the mouth is put down, function replenishing QI and blood, tranquilizing mind, strengthening the spleen and stomach.Begin to be loaded in Shennong's Herbal, be classified as top grade, record by Compendium of Materia Medica:
" Ganoderma property is put down, and bitter in the mouth is nontoxic, and master ties in the heart, the benefit motive, and invigorating middle warmer increases wisdom, do not forgets, and clothes are made light of one's life by commiting suicide always for a long time, and prolong life angle.”
Ganoderma, as having the Chinese tradition valuable ingredient of Chinese medicine of thousands of years medicinal histories, possesses the highest medical value, Ganoderma
Containing polysaccharide, ucleosides, furan derivative, steroid ferment class, alkaloids, albumen in the sporophore, mycelium and the spore that belong to
Matter, polypeptide, amino acids, triterpenes, sesquiterpene, organic germanium, inorganic salt etc..Ganoderan be Ganoderma principle active component it
One, there is antitumor, immunomodulating, blood sugar lowering, antioxidation, blood fat reducing and anti-aging effects.Triterpenes contained by Ganoderma does not descend hundred
Remaining kind, wherein based on tetracyclic triterpenes, the bitterness of Ganoderma is relevant with contained triterpenes.Triterpenes is also effective one-tenth of Ganoderma
/ mono-, human liver cancer cell is had cytotoxicity, also can suppress the release of histamine, there is hepatoprotective effect and have anti-
Allergy effect etc..
Presently commercially available Ganoderma is the sporophore after Ganoderma maturation, its functional component be divided into water soluble ingredient with fat-soluble become
Point, general water solublity functional component is mainly polysaccharide, and fat-soluble functional component is triterpene, wherein polysaccharide, triterpenes functional component
All less than 20%, it is mainly composed of lignified fiber.And lignified fiber does not absorbs in human body, without merits such as immunostimulant
Effect.Water soluble ingredient, mainly with water extraction, concentrates, and drying process extracts preparation, liposoluble constituent mainly use alcohol extraction or
CO2The techniques such as supercritical extraction extract preparation, so being difficult to prepare completely by single technique by all functional components in Ganoderma,
And if ripe Ganoderma sporophore is used disintegrating process, it can be ensured that functional component therein does not loses, but a large amount of wood brought into
Matter people's fibre composition is difficult to remove.
Summary of the invention
Invention solves the technical problem that: it is an object of the invention to provide one to overcome above the deficiencies in the prior art
The method planting machining at low temperature Ganoderma.
Technical scheme
A kind of method of machining at low temperature Ganoderma, chooses dew tender shoots and the most lignified Ganoderma sporophore, cleans, beats after gathering
Slurry, lyophilization obtain powder, then carry out cold preservation.
The method of described machining at low temperature Ganoderma, when choosing dew tender shoots and the most lignified Ganoderma sporophore, Ganoderma bud exposes
Ground is less than 15 days.
The method of described machining at low temperature Ganoderma, making beating uses colloid mill, can set grinding out footpath as 0.5cm, during making beating
Between 10～40 minutes.
The method of described machining at low temperature Ganoderma, lyophilization condition can be material filling thickness 5～20mm, during pre-freeze
Between be 3～6h, pre-freezing temperature-20～-35 DEG C, operating pressure 35～55Pa, sublimation temperature 45～65 DEG C, resolution temperature 55～75
℃。
The preparation that the REISH that the method for above-described machining at low temperature Ganoderma prepares is made.
Choose tame Ganoderma sporophore, just exposed tender shoots and i.e. started to pluck, it is desirable to Ganoderma bud bassets and do not surpasses
Spending 10 days, sporophore is without lignifying phenomenon.General plucking time is annual 5 ~ June, and now Ganoderma bud does not isolates cap and bacterium
Plate, the most only bright yellow or white bud shape, thin bar, touch feeling does not produces lignifying, relatively soft, and ambient temperature is higher, gathers
After should process in time.
Can add a small amount of water (less than 10%) in pulping process makes making beating uniform, without leaving over.
It is dried and is to maintain one of method that material will not be putrid and deteriorated.The method being dried is a lot, as dried, boil dry, drying,
Spray drying and vacuum drying etc., but these drying meanss are all to carry out more than 0 DEG C or at higher temperature, are dried gained
Product, usually volume-diminished, quality are hardening, and some material there occurs oxidation, and some volatile composition major parts can be lost
Falling, the material of some thermal sensitivity can occur degeneration, and microbes loses toward biologos etc., the most dried product be dried before
Compare in character, have the biggest difference.
Lyophilization is exactly containing large quantity of moisture material, carries out cooling in advance and is frozen into solid, then at the bar of vacuum
Water vapour is made directly to distil out under part, and in the left ice shelf when freezing of material itself, therefore its dried constancy of volume,
The loose porous heat to be absorbed when distillation.Cause the decline of product self-temperature and the rate of sublimation that slows down, in order to increase distillation
Speed, shortens drying time, it is necessary to suitably heat product, and whole being dried is carried out at a lower temperature.
Lyophilization has the advantage that
One, lyophilization is carried out at low temperatures, and therefore the material for a lot of thermal sensitivitys is particularly suitable.
When two, being dried at low temperatures, some volatile ingredients loss in material is the least, is suitable for some chemical productss, medicine
Product and food drying.
Three, in freezing dry process, the growth of microorganism and the effect of enzyme cannot be carried out, and therefore can keep original property
Dress.
Four, owing to being dried when freezing, therefore volume is almost unchanged, maintains original structure, will not
There is concentration phenomena.
Five, dried material is loose porous, in spongy, dissolves rapid and complete after adding water, and recovers former the most immediately
The character come.
Six, carrying out under vacuo due to dry, oxygen is few, and therefore some oxidizable materials are protected.
Seven, the dry moisture content that can get rid of more than 95-99%, makes dried product can preserve for a long time and will not go bad.
Beneficial effect
The present invention directly selects the sporophore tender shoots before the non-lignifying of Ganoderma, uses making beating, lyophilizing technique, obtained lyophilized powder
In be sufficiently reserved polysaccharide, triterpenes functional component, find after testing, the most also the effect such as superoxide dismutase (SOD)
Composition is that Ganoderma mature sporophore is unexistent, therefore the more ripe Ganoderma sporophore effect of lyophilized powder prepared by the present invention is higher.Therefore
Consider to select the tender shoots before the non-lignifying of Ganoderma, directly pull an oar, lyophilization, it is sufficiently reserved functional component therein, and nothing
Lignified fiber's composition in mature sporophore.
The active constituent content of the ganoderma lucidum product that the method that the present invention provides prepares has had aobvious compared with conventional method
The raising write, wherein the content of ganoderan is that traditional method prepares more than 3 times of ganoderma lucidum product, and the content of Ganoderma triterpenoids is tradition
Method prepares nearly 5 times of ganoderma lucidum product content, and also has SOD in the ganoderma lucidum product that the method that the present invention provides prepares,
Traditional method kind does not has, and further improves the using value of the ganoderma lucidum product that this law prepares.
Detailed description of the invention
Require when following example are chosen Ganoderma sporophore to start to pluck just exposing tender shoots, it is desirable to Ganoderma bud exposes
Ground is less than 15 days, and sporophore is without lignifying phenomenon, and for bright yellow or white bud shape, thin bar, touch feeling does not produces wooden
Change, relatively soft.
Embodiment 1
A kind of method of machining at low temperature Ganoderma, the course of processing is as follows:
Choose tame Ganoderma sporophore 1kg, clean by clean water after taking, pull an oar in colloid mill,
Colloid mill aperture adjustment is 0.5cm, and iterative cycles is pulled an oar 20 minutes, adds little water by slurry dilution uniformly in pulping process.
Slurry carries out after making beating lyophilization, and material filling thickness is 5mm, sets pre-freezing temperature-20 DEG C, operating pressure 35Pa, rises
China's temperature 45 C, resolution temperature 55 DEG C, pre-freeze time 3h.
Embodiment 2
A kind of method of machining at low temperature Ganoderma, the course of processing is as follows:
Choose tame Ganoderma sporophore 1.5kg, clean by clean water after taking, carry out beating in colloid mill
Slurry, colloid mill aperture adjustment is 0.5cm, and iterative cycles is pulled an oar 30 minutes, adds little water by slurry dilution all in pulping process
Even.Slurry carries out after making beating lyophilization, and material filling thickness is 15mm, sets pre-freezing temperature-30 DEG C, operating pressure
40Pa, sublimation temperature 55 DEG C, resolution temperature 65 DEG C, pre-freeze time 4h.
Embodiment 3
A kind of method of machining at low temperature Ganoderma, the course of processing is as follows:
Choose tame Ganoderma sporophore 1kg, clean by clean water after taking, pull an oar in colloid mill,
Colloid mill aperture adjustment is 0.5cm, and iterative cycles is pulled an oar 10 minutes, adds little water by slurry dilution uniformly in pulping process.
Slurry carries out after making beating lyophilization, and material filling thickness is 10mm, sets pre-freezing temperature-26 DEG C, operating pressure 45Pa, rises
China's temperature 55 DEG C, resolution temperature 65 DEG C, pre-freeze time 4h.
Embodiment 4
A kind of method of machining at low temperature Ganoderma, the course of processing is as follows:
Choose tame Ganoderma sporophore 2kg, clean by clean water after taking, pull an oar in colloid mill,
Colloid mill aperture adjustment is 0.5cm, and iterative cycles is pulled an oar 40 minutes, adds little water by slurry dilution uniformly in pulping process.
Slurry carries out after making beating lyophilization, and material filling thickness is 20mm, sets pre-freezing temperature-35 DEG C, operating pressure 55Pa, rises
China's temperature 65 DEG C, resolution temperature 75 DEG C, pre-freeze time 6h.
The ganoderma lucidum product that the present invention provides is powder, can be prepared as various preparation very easily and carry out further should
With.
Choosing general plucking time during Ganoderma sporophore is annual 5 ~ June, and now Ganoderma bud does not isolates cap and bacterium plate,
Being only bright yellow or white bud shape, thin bar, touch feeling does not produces lignifying, relatively soft, and ambient temperature is higher.
The product preparing above example 3 makes preparation, and the preparation prepared with existing conventional method carries out performance
Test comparison is tested, and process and result are as follows:
The cryodesiccated product fill capsule prepared according to embodiment 3 method, hereinafter referred to as LINGZHI JIAONANG, rule
Lattice: 0.2g/ grain, character is chocolate brown powder.The LINGZHI JIAONANG prepared according to a conventional method。
Conventional method: ripe Ganoderma sporophore crushed after being dried is to certain fineness, and direct fill becomes hard capsule and get final product.
Experimental animal and packet: the cleaning grade CKF1 generation selecting Shanghai Slac Experimental Animal Co., Ltd.'s breeding is strong
Health female mice 250, body weight is 19.2 ~ 21.9g.
Mice is randomly divided into I, II 2 big group by body weight, 50 mices of every big group, is divided into 4 dosage groups, each dosage
Organize 10.Wherein I group of mice carries out NK cell activity assays；Group mice carries out Turnover of Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages phagocytosis chicken red blood cell
Test.
Dosage: the human body recommended dose 1.2g/ people/day (with 60kg weighing machine) of LINGZHI JIAONANG, if LINGZHI JIAONANGHigh dose
Group 0.6g/kg bw/d, LINGZHI JIAONANGHigh dose group 0.6g/kg bw/d, LINGZHI JIAONANGLow dose group 0.4g/kg bw/
D, LINGZHI JIAONANGLow dose group 0.4g/kg bw/d, separately sets 0g/kg bw/d group and replaces given the test agent with sterilized water.Tested
Sample sterilized water is prepared, LINGZHI JIAONANGHigh dose group, LINGZHI JIAONANGHigh dose group concentration is 60mg/mL, LINGZHI JIAONANG
Low dose group, LINGZHI JIAONANGLow dose group concentration is 40mg/mL, and per os gives the test sample of mice corresponding dosage once a day
Product, mouse stomach amount is 0.1mL/10g bw.Gavage measures every enhancing immunity functional parameter after 1 month continuously.
Experimental test procedures:
(1) DNFB inducing mouse delayed allergy (DTH) ear swelling method
The continuous gavage of each sample treated animal is after 1 month, and belly wool is shaved off by every Mus shaving machine, scope about 3cm × 3cm,
By 10mg/mL DNFB solution 50 L uniform application sensitization.With 10mg/mL DNFB solution 10 L uniform application in little after 5 days
Mus auris dextra (two sides) is attacked, and after attack, 24h cervical dislocation puts to death mice, cuts left and right auricular concha, takes off diameter with card punch
8mm auricle, weighs.
The degree of DTH is represented by the difference of left and right ear weight.The weight difference of given the test agent group is significantly higher than the weight of matched group
Amount difference, can determine that this experimental result positive.
(2) NK cytoactive detection determination of lactate dehydrogenase method
The continuous gavage of each sample treated animal 1 month, cervical dislocation puts to death mice, aseptic takes spleen, be placed in fill the most aseptic
In the little plate of Hank ' s liquid, grind spleen, make single cell suspension, filter through 200 eye mesh screens, wash 2 times with Hank ' s liquid, often
Secondary centrifugal 10min(1000r/min), abandon supernatant and cytoplasm is upspring, add 0.5 mL aquesterilisa 20 seconds, after splitting erythrocyte again
Add 2 times of Hank ' s liquid of 0.5 mL and 8mL Hank ' s liquid, centrifugal 10min(1000r/min), with containing 10% calf serum
RPMI1640 complete culture solution is resuspended, 1% glacial acetic acid dilution after count, platform phenol indigo plant dyeing counting viable count (all 95% with
On), adjusting cell concentration with RPMI1640 complete culture solution is 2 × 107Individual/mL.
Before test, 24h is by target cell (YAC-1 cell) Secondary Culture, washes 3 times with Hank ' s liquid, use RPMI1640 before application
It is 4 × 10 that complete culture solution adjusts cell concentration5Individual/mL.Take YAC-1 cell and each 100 L(effect targets of splenocyte than 50:1) add
Entering in U-shaped 96 well culture plates, YAC-1 cell Spontaneous release hole adds YAC-1 cell and each 100 L of culture fluid, and YAC-1 cell is maximum
Release aperture adds YAC-1 cell and each 100 L of 1%NP40, above-mentioned every is all provided with three parallel holes, in 37 DEG C, 5%CO2In incubator
Cultivating 4h, then with 1500r/min, 96 well culture plates are centrifuged 5min, at the bottom of the Aspirate supernatant 100 L horizontalization of every hole, 96 holes are cultivated
In plate, being simultaneously introduced LDH matrix liquid 100 L, react 10min, every hole adds HCl 30 L of 1mol/L, in microplate reader 490nm
Place measures optical density value.
The NK cytoactive of given the test agent group is significantly higher than the NK cytoactive of matched group, can judge this experimental result
Positive.
Experimental result:
The impact (± SD) on DNFB inducing mouse DTH of the table 1 each sample group
2, each sample group impact on NK cells in mice activity
Per os gives the different sample of mice 1 month, and NK cytoactive is through sin-1P1/2(P is NK cytoactive, decimally
Represent) convert after carry out homogeneity test of variance, meet homogeneity of variance requirement, with experimental grouies multiple in one factor analysis of variance method
And the comparative approach two-by-two of mean carries out statistical disposition between a matched group.From table 2 result, LINGZHI JIAONANGDosage 0.6g/
Kg bw/d, LINGZHI JIAONANG0.6g/kg bw/d group phagocytic index is higher than 0g/kg bw/d group, and difference has statistics to anticipate
Justice (P＜ 0.05).
The impact (± SD) on NK cells in mice activity of the table 2 each sample group
Conclusion
LINGZHI JIAONANG, LINGZHI JIAONANG0.6g/kg bw/d group per os gives mice one month, carries out mouse cell and exempts from
Epidemic disease function and NK cytoactive detection.Result shows, in DNFB inducing mouse DTH experiment, and LINGZHI JIAONANG, LINGZHI JIAONANG
The weightening finish of 0.6g/kg bw/d group auricular concha higher than 0g/kg bw/d group, difference statistically significant (P＜ 0.05).NK cells in mice
In activity experiment, LINGZHI JIAONANG, LINGZHI JIAONANG0.6g/kg bw/d group compares with 0g/kg bw/d group, and difference has statistics
Meaning (P＜ 0.05).
Under this experiment condition, LINGZHI JIAONANG, LINGZHI JIAONANGIt is respectively provided with enhancing immunity function.
The present invention is to LINGZHI JIAONANG, LINGZHI JIAONANGCarrying out content detection, result see table simultaneously:
As can be seen from the above results, the active constituent content of ganoderma lucidum product that the method that the present invention provides prepares with
Conventional method is compared the biggest difference, and wherein the content of ganoderan is that traditional method prepares more than 3 times of ganoderma lucidum product, Ganoderma
The content of triterpene is nearly 5 times that traditional method prepares ganoderma lucidum product content, and the spirit that the method that the present invention provides prepares
Sesame product also has SOD, traditional method does not has, illustrate that the method that the present invention provides can preferably preserve effective one-tenth of Ganoderma
Point, further improve the using value of the ganoderma lucidum product that this law prepares.
Claims (3)
1. the method for a machining at low temperature Ganoderma, it is characterised in that choose dew tender shoots and the most lignified Ganoderma sporophore, gather
Rear cleaning, making beating, lyophilization obtain powder, then carry out cold preservation；Wherein choose dew tender shoots and the most lignified Ganoderma is real
During body, Ganoderma bud basseted less than 15 days；Lyophilization condition is material filling thickness 5～20mm, the pre-freeze time be 3～
6h, pre-freezing temperature-20～-35 DEG C, operating pressure 35～55Pa, sublimation temperature 45～65 DEG C, resolution temperature 55～75 DEG C.
The method of machining at low temperature Ganoderma the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that making beating uses colloid mill, sets mill
Aperture is 0.5cm, beating time 10～40 minutes.
3. the preparation that the ganoderma lucidum product that the method for the machining at low temperature Ganoderma described in any one of claim 1-2 prepares is made.
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| CN104584859A (en) * | 2015-01-01 | 2015-05-06 | 曾建斌 | Production method for soft edible lucid ganoderma |
| CN104886540A (en) * | 2015-05-12 | 2015-09-09 | 苏州葛家坞生物科技有限公司 | Preparation method of ganoderma lucidum pork liver paste |
| CN105285970A (en) * | 2015-11-03 | 2016-02-03 | 四川峨眉仙山中药有限公司 | Refrigerating processing technology of glossy ganoderma powder |
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| CN101081239A (en) * | 2006-06-02 | 2007-12-05 | 蓝海鸥 | Lucidum glycopeptide and method for their production |
| CN101455691A (en) * | 2008-11-27 | 2009-06-17 | 福建仙芝楼生物科技有限公司 | Ganoderma lucidum young antler products and production technique thereof |
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| CN101455691A (en) * | 2008-11-27 | 2009-06-17 | 福建仙芝楼生物科技有限公司 | Ganoderma lucidum young antler products and production technique thereof |
| CN103550263A (en) * | 2013-06-01 | 2014-02-05 | 普洱淞茂制药股份有限公司 | Mythic fungus superfine pure powder, preparation method and preparations thereof |
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