CN103853752A - Method and device for managing time series database - Google Patents
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- CN103853752A CN103853752A CN201210507004.XA CN201210507004A CN103853752A CN 103853752 A CN103853752 A CN 103853752A CN 201210507004 A CN201210507004 A CN 201210507004A CN 103853752 A CN103853752 A CN 103853752A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method and device for managing a time series database. Specifically, the method is used for establishing indexes for time series in the time series database. The method includes dividing the time series in the time series database into a plurality of subseries; establishing spatial indexes corresponding to the subseries, and allowing the spatial indexes to determine the spatial spaces of the subseries in the time series; establishing content indexes for the subseries, and allowing the content indexes to determine the content ranges of the subseries in the time series. The invention provides the querying method in the time series database. The method includes on the basis of the spatial indexes, searching the corresponding spatial positions of the queried series in the time series of the time series database; on the basis of the content indexes, acquiring the content ranges of the subseries in the researched spatial positions; responding to consistence of the acquired content ranges and the content ranges of the acquired series, and outputting the subseries of the researched spatial positions.
Description
Technical field
The embodiments of the present invention relate to data base administration, more specifically, relate to the method and apparatus for sequence library administrative time (Time Series Database).
Background technology
Along with the development of the technology such as computing machine, data communication and monitoring in real time, time series databases has been widely used in all many-sides such as such as monitoring of tools, line management, financial analysis.Time series (Time Sequence) refers to the set of the measured value of arranging according to time sequencing, the node of store measurement values can be called to data point (Data Point) or data event (Data Event) at this.Time series databases refers to the database for storing these measured values.Measured value can comprise various data, and for example, in the applied environment of monitoring bridge safty, collected data can comprise the pressure data and/or the pressure data that are gathered by particular sensor; In weather forecast application environment, collected data can comprise temperature, humidity, pressure, wind-force (for example, comprising size and Orientation), etc.
Similarity searching (Similarity Search) refers to finds the sequence similar with given sequence pattern (Sequence Pattern) in time series databases.Time series databases generally includes mass data, and constantly upgrades in real time this database by measured value recently.For example, in the applied environment of monitoring bridge safty, on bridge, may be deployed with tens thousand of sensors and be respectively used to measure in real time temperature, humidity, pressure, wind-force.When carry out more new database with for example 1 second even higher frequency, will produce googol according to amount.Thereby, how carry out similarity searching for the time series databases of data volume rapid expansion wherein, become a study hotspot of current database field.
At present developed the technical scheme for accelerating similarity searching, these technical schemes have proposed by first returning to Candidate Set, then by verifying that in time series databases the candidate item in Candidate Set shortens query time.But Candidate Set generally includes too much candidate item, verify that one by one this step of candidate item will produce a large amount of data I/O expenses and take the plenty of time.
Along with the widespread use of time series databases in all trades and professions, supplier, supvr and the terminal user of database more and more pays close attention to the efficiency of data query.Thereby, how further to reduce the expense for various resources in similarity searching and become a problem demanding prompt solution.
Summary of the invention
Thereby, expect a kind of technical scheme that can carry out fast query in time series databases of exploitation, expect that this technical scheme can reduce taking of the various resources that relate to when time series databases is inquired about, and then improve the efficiency of similarity searching.Further, also expect in the situation that not changing existing time series databases, to realize this technical scheme as far as possible.
In one aspect of the invention, provide a kind of method of setting up index for the time series in time series databases, having comprised: based on moving window, the time series in time series databases is divided into multiple subsequences; Set up spatial index for multiple subsequences, spatial index is the locus in time series for the subsequence that defines multiple subsequences; And set up content indexing for multiple subsequences, content indexing is used for the context of the subsequence that defines multiple subsequences.
In one aspect of the invention, setting up content indexing for multiple subsequences comprises: the subsequence in multiple subsequences is mapped to the value of symbol corresponding with the context of subsequence.
In one aspect of the invention, also comprise: the value of symbol corresponding with subsequence in multiple subsequences is stored as to the metadata being associated with spatial index.
In one aspect of the invention, a kind of method of inquiring about in time series databases is provided, comprise: the seasonal effect in time series spatial index based on in time series databases, the search locus corresponding with a search sequence in the time series in time series databases; Seasonal effect in time series content indexing based on in time series databases, obtains the context the subsequence at searched for locus place; And consistent with the context of search sequence in response to obtained context, the subsequence at the locus place that output is searched for, wherein spatial index is for the subsequence of definition time sequence in the locus of time series, and content indexing is for the context of the subsequence of definition time sequence.
In one aspect of the invention, content indexing comprises: the value of symbol corresponding with the context of seasonal effect in time series subsequence.
In one aspect of the invention, the value of symbol corresponding with subsequence in multiple subsequences is stored as the metadata being associated with spatial index.
In one aspect of the invention, also provide device for set up the device of index for the time series of time series databases, inquire about in time series databases and administrative time sequence library method and apparatus.
Adopt method and apparatus of the present invention, can be in the situation that changing less existing time series databases configuration as much as possible, set up index for the time series in time series databases, and can reduce based on this index the time overhead of similarity searching, and then improve the efficiency of data query.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In conjunction with the drawings disclosure illustrative embodiments is described in more detail, above-mentioned and other objects of the present disclosure, Characteristics and advantages will become more obvious, wherein, in disclosure illustrative embodiments, identical reference number represents same parts conventionally.
Fig. 1 has schematically shown the block diagram that is suitable for the exemplary computer system/server for realizing embodiment of the present invention 12;
Fig. 2 is schematically illustrated in the diagram of carrying out the process of similarity searching in time series databases;
Fig. 3 schematically shown according to one embodiment of the present invention, for the Organization Chart of technical scheme of sequence library administrative time;
Fig. 4 A has schematically shown the process flow diagram of setting up the method for index according to the time series in time series databases of one embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 4 B has schematically shown according to the process flow diagram of the method for inquiring about in time series databases of one embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 A and 5B have schematically shown respectively according to the diagram of the data point/data event in the time series databases of one embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 6 has schematically shown according to the Organization Chart of the technical scheme of setting up spatial index and content indexing of one embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 7 has schematically shown according to the process flow diagram of the method for the acquisition Query Result of one embodiment of the present invention; And
Fig. 8 A has schematically shown the Organization Chart of setting up the device of index according to the time series in time series databases of one embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 8 B has schematically shown according to the Organization Chart of the device of inquiring about in time series databases of one embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Preferred implementation of the present disclosure is described below with reference to accompanying drawings in more detail.Although shown preferred implementation of the present disclosure in accompanying drawing, but should be appreciated that, can realize the disclosure and the embodiment that should do not set forth limits here with various forms.On the contrary, it is in order to make the disclosure more thorough and complete that these embodiments are provided, and the scope of the present disclosure intactly can be conveyed to those skilled in the art.
Person of ordinary skill in the field knows, the present invention can be implemented as system, method or computer program.Therefore, the disclosure can specific implementation be following form, that is: can be completely hardware, also can be software (comprising firmware, resident software, microcode etc.) completely, can also be the form of hardware and software combination, be commonly referred to as " circuit ", " module " or " system " herein.In addition, in certain embodiments, the present invention can also be embodied as the form of the computer program in one or more computer-readable mediums, comprises computer-readable program code in this computer-readable medium.
Can adopt the combination in any of one or more computer-readable media.Computer-readable medium can be computer-readable signal media or computer-readable recording medium.Computer-readable recording medium for example may be-but not limited to-electricity, magnetic, optical, electrical magnetic, infrared ray or semi-conductive system, device or device, or any above combination.The example more specifically (non exhaustive list) of computer-readable recording medium comprises: have the electrical connection, portable computer diskette, hard disk, random access memory (RAM), ROM (read-only memory) (ROM), erasable type programmable read only memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical fiber, Portable, compact disk ROM (read-only memory) (CD-ROM), light storage device, magnetic memory device of one or more wires or the combination of above-mentioned any appropriate.In presents, computer-readable recording medium can be any comprising or stored program tangible medium, and this program can be used or be combined with it by instruction execution system, device or device.
Computer-readable signal media can be included in the data-signal of propagating in base band or as a carrier wave part, has wherein carried computer-readable program code.The combination of electromagnetic signal that the data-signal of this propagation can adopt various ways, comprises---but being not limited to---, light signal or above-mentioned any appropriate.Computer-readable signal media can also be any computer-readable medium beyond computer-readable recording medium, and this computer-readable medium can send, propagates or transmit the program for being used or be combined with it by instruction execution system, device or device.
The program code comprising on computer-readable medium can be with any suitable medium transmission, comprises that---but being not limited to---is wireless, electric wire, optical cable, RF etc., or the combination of above-mentioned any appropriate.
Can combine to write the computer program code for carrying out the present invention's operation with one or more programming languages or its, described programming language comprises object-oriented programming language-such as Java, Smalltalk, C++, also comprises conventional process type programming language-such as " C " language or similar programming language.Program code can fully be carried out, partly on subscriber computer, carries out, carry out or on remote computer or server, carry out completely as an independently software package execution, part part on subscriber computer on remote computer on subscriber computer.In the situation that relates to remote computer, remote computer can be by the network of any kind---comprise LAN (Local Area Network) (LAN) or wide area network (WAN)-be connected to subscriber computer, or, can be connected to outer computer (for example utilizing ISP to pass through Internet connection).
Process flow diagram and/or block diagram below with reference to method, device (system) and the computer program of the embodiment of the present invention are described the present invention.Should be appreciated that the combination of each square frame in each square frame of process flow diagram and/or block diagram and process flow diagram and/or block diagram, can be realized by computer program instructions.These computer program instructions can offer the processor of multi-purpose computer, special purpose computer or other programmable data treating apparatus, thereby produce a kind of machine, these computer program instructions are carried out by computing machine or other programmable data treating apparatus, have produced the device of the function/operation stipulating in the square frame in realization flow figure and/or block diagram.
Also these computer program instructions can be stored in and can make in computing machine or the computer-readable medium of other programmable data treating apparatus with ad hoc fashion work, like this, the instruction being stored in computer-readable medium just produces a manufacture (manufacture) that comprises the command device (instruction means) of the function/operation stipulating in the square frame in realization flow figure and/or block diagram.
Also computer program instructions can be loaded on computing machine, other programmable data treating apparatus or other equipment, make to carry out sequence of operations step on computing machine, other programmable data treating apparatus or other equipment, to produce computer implemented process, thus the process of function/operation that the instruction that makes to carry out on computing machine or other programmable devices stipulates during the square frame in realization flow figure and/or block diagram can be provided.
Fig. 1 shows the block diagram that is suitable for the exemplary computer system/server for realizing embodiment of the present invention 12.The computer system/server 12 that Fig. 1 shows is only an example, should not bring any restriction to the function of the embodiment of the present invention and usable range.
As shown in Figure 1, computer system/server 12 is with the form performance of universal computing device.The assembly of computer system/server 12 can include but not limited to: one or more processor or processing unit 16, system storage 28, the bus 18 of connection different system assembly (comprising system storage 28 and processing unit 16).
Computer system/server 12 typically comprises various computing systems computer-readable recording medium.These media can be any usable mediums that can be accessed by computer system/server 12, comprise volatibility and non-volatile media, movably with immovable medium.
There is the program/utility 40 of one group of (at least one) program module 42, for example can be stored in storer 28, such program module 42 comprises---but being not limited to---operating system, one or more application program, other program modules and routine data, may comprise the realization of network environment in each in these examples or certain combination.Program module 42 is carried out function and/or the method in embodiment described in the invention conventionally.
Computer system/server 12 also can such as, be communicated by letter with one or more external units 14 (keyboard, sensing equipment, display 24 etc.), also can make the devices communicating that user can be mutual with this computer system/server 12 with one or more, and/or for example, communicate by letter with any equipment (network interface card, modulator-demodular unit etc.) that this computer system/server 12 can be communicated with one or more other computing equipments.This communication can be undertaken by I/O (I/O) interface 22.And computer system/server 12 can also for example, for example, by network adapter 20 and one or more network (LAN (Local Area Network) (LAN), wide area network (WAN) and/or public network, the Internet) communication.As shown in the figure, network adapter 20 is by other module communications of bus 18 and computer system/server 12.Be understood that, although not shown, can use other hardware and/or software module in conjunction with computer system/server 12, include but not limited to: microcode, device driver, redundant processing unit, external disk drive array, RAID system, tape drive and data backup storage system etc.
It should be noted that one or more virtual machine may operate in one or more computer system/server mentioned above, single virtual machine can be distributed in one or more computer system/server physically.Only can be for realizing the example of method and apparatus of the present invention referring to the computer system/server shown in Fig. 1, along with the development of hardware technology and virtual machine technique, method and apparatus of the present invention can also be realized on other equipment with data-handling capacity.
Fig. 2 is schematically illustrated in the diagram 200 of the process of carrying out similarity searching in time series databases.Fig. 2 shows a time series 220 in time series databases, and in similarity searching related search sequence by shown in Reference numeral 210.In this context, similarity searching refers to the search subsequence similar to search sequence 210 from time series 220.For example, the set of the alternative subsequence returning can comprise three subsequences, is shown as subsequence A, subsequence B and subsequence C.Because the seasonal effect in time series length shown in Fig. 2 is less, Query Result only returns to 3 subsequences.In the time searching for for the time series of large or super large, (for example, in the time series databases of weather data that comprises nearly 5 years, search for specific search sequence), return to possibly tens thousand of candidate subsequences.
Develop at present and can export the technical scheme of candidate subsequence more accurately, these technical schemes can be mapped to frequency field from time domain by the data in time series databases, and characteristic frequency based in frequency field is set up the method for spatial index, can ignore by consideration main frequency the method for not too important frequency, be reduced at the complicacy of carrying out similarity searching in time series databases, and then reduce the various expenses of similarity searching.But because these solutions have only been considered the spatial relationship in time series databases, the Candidate Set of exporting remains the superset (Super Set) that is far longer than the subsequence set that really meets similarity Condition, effect is unsatisfactory.Thereby, expect to propose a kind ofly can improve the only technical scheme of usage space index management time series databases, and expect that this technical scheme can consider the otherwise feature of database and then accelerate inquiry velocity.
In an embodiment of the invention, propose one and set up double-deck index (spatial index and content indexing) for time series databases, and improved the method and apparatus of similarity searching efficiency based on this bilayer index.Fig. 3 schematically shown according to one embodiment of the present invention, for the Organization Chart 300 of technical scheme of sequence library administrative time.
It should be noted that and can set up index for the time series being stored in time series databases, can also and this measurement data be stored to time series databases with Real-time Collection measurement data and almost set up index simultaneously.As shown in Figure 3, index is set and sets up module 320, so that after the data entry time sequence library 310 of Real-time Collection, the data (as shown by arrow A) of reading database 310, and set up spatial index and content indexing (as shown by arrow B) for the data in time series databases 310, and set up double-deck index is stored in index database 330.
It should be noted that at this index database 330 and can take various forms, and do not limit the memory location of index database 330, for example, can store in this time series databases 310, or can also be independent of time series databases 310 and store.For example can be stored on the data storage device such as hard disk; In order to improve the access speed for index as far as possible, index database 330 can also be arranged in such as internal memory (Memory).It should be noted that the process of setting up double-deck index can be parallel to the process that time series databases upgrades, and double-deck index increases gradually along with the increase of content in database.
In the time carrying out similarity searching, in response to receiving as shown in search sequence (as arrow C), double-deck index in inquiry unit 360 search index storehouses 330 (, first obtain the locus of the subsequence being associated with search sequence by spatial index, then carry out comparison by content indexing whether consistent the subsequence at this locus place and the context of search sequence, and consistent in the situation that, think this subsequence similar to search sequence (as shown by arrow D).Then, this subsequence can be added in Candidate Set, in the Candidate Set producing in this way, the quantity of subsequence will reduce greatly, and whether to each subsequence roughly similar due to content-based index if having compared in advance search sequence, thereby can filter out while only obtaining Candidate Set based on spatial index and may produce a large amount of gibberishes, and then be reduced in data I/O expense, computational resource expense and the time overhead while verifying one by one the each candidate subsequence (as shown by arrow E) in Candidate Set in original time series database 310.Finally, inquiry unit 360 will be exported Search Results (as shown by arrow F).
Based on the framework shown in Fig. 3, in an embodiment of the invention, a kind of method of setting up index for the time series in time series databases is provided, has comprised: based on moving window, the time series in time series databases has been divided into multiple subsequences; Set up spatial index for multiple subsequences, spatial index is the locus in time series for the subsequence that defines multiple subsequences; And set up content indexing for multiple subsequences, content indexing is used for the context of the subsequence that defines multiple subsequences.
Fig. 4 A has schematically shown the process flow diagram 400A that sets up the method for index according to the time series in time series databases of one embodiment of the present invention.First,, in step S402A, based on moving window, the time series in time series databases is divided into multiple subsequences.Those skilled in the art can self-defined moving window length, in the time dividing subsequence, can the principle based on moving window divide.For example, when moving window length is N and step-length while being 1, first subsequence can be 1-N number point, and second subsequence can be 2-(N+1) number point, by that analogy.Alternatively, the step-length of moving window can also be set to larger than 1 integer, to reduce the workload while division.
In step S404A, set up spatial index for multiple subsequences, spatial index is the locus in time series for the subsequence that defines multiple subsequences.Spatial index can adopt the form of tree structure, or those skilled in the art can also adopt other forms based on scheme of the prior art.
In step S406A, set up content indexing for multiple subsequences, content indexing is used for the context of the subsequence that defines multiple subsequences.In this embodiment, the context of subsequence can refer to the scope of the numerical value of data point included in subsequence.For example, when time series relates in the time that the temperature of predetermined time interval collection and each subsequence comprise N data point, context can refer to the scope [T between minimum and mxm. in N temperature value
min, T
max].
In an embodiment of the invention, for example specific subsequence, corresponding to node 1 in spatial sequence, can increase additional data items to this node 1 and describe the context relevant to this specific subsequence.In other words, content indexing can be integrated in spatial index.
It should be noted that if time series databases has been set up to spatial index, can be only for this database execution step S406A; If not yet for any index of Database, can synchronously carry out the step shown in S404A and S406A, or can also first perform step S406A and then perform step S404A.
In an embodiment of the invention, setting up content indexing for multiple subsequences comprises: the subsequence in multiple subsequences is mapped to the value of symbol corresponding with the context of subsequence.
For example, can set up the mapping table of context and value of symbol, suppose to store in time series databases measured value and be the temperature sequence of 0-20 ℃, can adopt mapping relations as shown in table 1 below:
Table 1
| Sequence number | Context | Value of symbol |
| 1 | 0℃≤T＜1℃ | a |
| 2 | 1℃≤T＜2℃ | b |
| ... | ? | ? |
| 20 | 19℃≤T≤20℃ | t |
It should be noted that table 1 has only schematically shown an example of mapping relations, those skilled in the art can also be according to the difference of data type in data point, designed, designed mapping relations.For example, in example above, the size of the scope that each value of symbol represents can be different, and for example, " a " can represent the scope of 0-2 ℃, and " b " can represent the scope of 2-6 ℃.
In an embodiment of the invention, the value of symbol corresponding with subsequence in multiple subsequences is stored as to the metadata being associated with spatial index.
Can with set up spatial index and synchronizedly obtain the value of symbol corresponding with subsequence.In mapping relations shown in table 1 above, value of symbol can be selected from a, b, c ..., these 20 characters of t.Particularly, for example time series is divided into 20 subsequences, the value of symbol being associated with each subsequence is respectively s, t..., and each subsequence in spatial index, correspond respectively to node 1, node 2 ..., node 20, can using with the value of symbol " s " of the 1st the sub-Serial relation connection metadata as node 1, using with the value of symbol " t " of the 2nd the sub-Serial relation connection metadata as node 2, etc.
In an embodiment of the invention, setting up spatial index for multiple subsequences comprises: based on linear discrete conversion (Linear Discrete Transform), multiple subsequences are converted to frequency field; And according to the characteristic frequency in frequency field, set up spatial index for multiple subsequences.
First, time series can be converted to frequency field, the characteristic frequency in selecting frequency territory is so that for setting up spatial index through the time series of simplifying then.In this embodiment, can ignore some the not too important fluctuating in time-serial position, and only consider to describe the factor of the main shape of curve, to reduce the various expenses while setting up spatial index.
In an embodiment of the invention, for example can time series be converted to frequency field based on Fourier transform.Those skilled in the art can designed, designed concrete methods of realizing, does not repeat them here.
In an embodiment of the invention, based on linear discrete conversion, multiple subsequences being converted to frequency field comprises: based on segmentation dimension reduction (Segmentation DimensionReduction, SDR), multiple subsequences are divided into segmentation (Segment); And based on segmentation, multiple subsequences are converted to frequency field.
Adopting segmentation dimension reduction method is in order further to improve the efficiency of setting up spatial index.Segmentation dimension reduction principle is, can be multiple segmentations by time series Further Division, and wherein each segmentation can comprise multiple data points; By asking for the representative value in each segmentation, can, before time series is converted to frequency field from time domain, further simplify time series.
For example, in the time that subsequence comprises 30 data points, this subsequence can be divided into 10 segmentations, each segmentation comprises 3 data points, and asks for the mean value of 3 data points in each segmentation.Now, the curve in time domain just comprises 10 data points from comprising that 30 data points are reduced to.Then, the time series after simplifying being converted to frequency field is further processed.
In an embodiment of the invention, be multidimensional time series in response to time series, be multiple One-dimension Time Series by Time Series (decompose).Multidimensional time series refers to the time series that comprises polynary group in data point.Particularly, Fig. 5 A and 5B have schematically shown respectively according to the diagram of the data point/data event in the time series databases of one embodiment of the present invention.
The data structure 500A of data point/data event has been shown in Fig. 5 A, and wherein data point/data event 510A can comprise time 512A, pressure 514A and pressure 516A tri-parts.This data point/data event 510A represents, the pressure collecting in the time of time 512A is that 514A, pressure are 516A.When the time interval to equate is when image data, can also omit time 512A.Data structure 500B as shown in Figure 5 B, the implication of pressure 514B and pressure 516B is with identical shown in Fig. 5 A.
For example, the time series that is 4 for length, { p1, p2, p3, p4}
=(' 15:30:02 ', ' 2.3Pa ', ' 2.5N '), (' 15:30:03 ', ' 3.3Pa ', ' 1.5N '), (' 15:30:04 ', ' 2.6Pa ', ' 2.3N '), (' 15:30:05 ', ' 2.3Pa ', ' 2.9N ') }, wherein Section 1 represents timestamp, second and Section 3 represent respectively the pressure and the pressure that collect.Now this time series can be called two-dimensional time sequence.Can be two One-dimension Time Series by this two-dimensional time Series Decomposition:
(' 15:30:02 ', ' 2.3Pa '), (' 15:30:03 ', ' 3.3Pa '), (' 15:30:04 ', ' 2.6Pa '), (' 15:30:05 ', ' 2.3Pa ') }; With
{(′15:30:02′，′2.5N′)，(′15:30:03′，′1.5N′)，(′15:30:04′，′2.3N′)，(′15:30:05′，′2.9N′)}。
Now, can carry out method mentioned above for the each One-dimension Time Series after decomposing, and can be integrally called for multidimensional seasonal effect in time series spatial index and content indexing for spatial index and the content indexing of each One-dimension Time Series.
In an embodiment of the invention, spatial index is R-tree.R-tree is a kind of tree form data structure for space access method, for example, for multidimensional information is carried out to index.Those skilled in the art can the principle based on R-tree build spatial index, and concrete grammar refers to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R-tree.
In each embodiment mentioned above, provide the method for set up index for the time series of time series databases.Utilize according to double-layer cable guiding structure of the present invention, can utilize spatial index to obtain the Candidate Set that meets similarity searching condition, then by content indexing, Candidate Set is filtered to provide the Candidate Set more mating with search condition, quantity is less, and then improve search efficiency.It should be noted that for the time series in time series databases and set up the method for index and the method close association of inquiring about in time series databases, hereinafter by the description of omitting for same or similar concept.
Fig. 4 B has schematically shown according to the process flow diagram 400B of the method for inquiring about in time series databases of one embodiment of the present invention.As shown in Figure 4 B, a kind of method of inquiring about in time series databases is provided, comprise: the seasonal effect in time series spatial index based on in time series databases, the search locus corresponding with a search sequence in the time series in time series databases; Seasonal effect in time series content indexing based on in time series databases, obtains the context the subsequence at searched for locus place; And consistent with the context of search sequence in response to obtained context, the subsequence at the locus place that output is searched for, wherein spatial index is for the subsequence of definition time sequence in the locus of time series, and content indexing is for the context of the subsequence of definition time sequence.
It should be noted that the method for inquiring about providing is to introduce the method for row similarity searching based on double-layer cable in time series databases in this embodiment.Particularly, in step S402B, seasonal effect in time series spatial index based on in time series databases, the search locus corresponding with a search sequence in time series in time series databases, wherein spatial index is used for the subsequence of definition time sequence in the locus of time series.
In step S404B, the seasonal effect in time series content indexing based on in time series databases, obtains the context the subsequence at searched for locus place, and wherein content indexing is for the context of the subsequence of definition time sequence.In content indexing, owing to having recorded the context of each subsequence, thereby can obtain by the content indexing corresponding with spatial index the context of the subsequence at searched for locus place, and the context of these contexts and search sequence is compared.
In step S406B, consistent with the context of search sequence in response to obtained context, the subsequence at the locus place that output is searched for.In this embodiment, by relatively whether context is consistent, can tentatively filter out the candidate subsequence that can not meet similarity searching condition, and then Candidate Set is more accurately provided.With respect to the method for in prior art usage space index, after obtaining one or more locus corresponding with search sequence, method of the present invention also will further verify that whether the context of subsequence at these locus places is consistent with the context of search sequence, thereby can greatly improve the accuracy of Candidate Set.
In an embodiment of the invention, content indexing comprises: the value of symbol corresponding with the context of seasonal effect in time series subsequence.According to the searching method of this embodiment, it is the method that spatial index based on as described above and content indexing are searched for, thereby for whole regulations of content indexing with mentioned above consistent, those skilled in the art can, referring to realizing described in table 1, not repeat them here.
In an embodiment of the invention, the value of symbol corresponding with subsequence in multiple subsequences is stored as the metadata being associated with spatial index.For example, the metadata in content indexing can be the extra data item that is affixed to each node in spatial index.
In an embodiment of the invention, seasonal effect in time series spatial index based on in time series databases, in the time series in time series databases, the search locus corresponding with search sequence comprises: based on linear discrete, search sequence is converted to frequency field by conversion; And according to the characteristic frequency in frequency field, the search locus corresponding with search sequence in the time series via spatial index in time series databases.Those skilled in the art can realize voluntarily according to the principle of spatial index, do not repeat them here.In an embodiment of the invention, linear discrete conversion can realize based on Fourier transform.
In an embodiment of the invention, based on linear discrete conversion, search sequence being converted to frequency field comprises: based on segmentation dimension, search sequence is divided into segmentation by reduction; And based on segmentation, search sequence is converted to frequency field.Be similar to degree of the being segmented into reduction using while setting up spatial index, in query script, also search sequence can be divided into segmentation, then in spatial sequence, inquire about.
In an embodiment of the invention, further comprise: search sequence is divided into multiple queries subsequence; And integration is for the locus of searching for of multiple queries subsequence output.In the time that search sequence length is longer, search sequence can be divided into multiple subsequences, and carry out querying method mentioned above for each subsequence, then again each Candidate Set is integrated.In one embodiment, can the length based on moving window divide.
For example, search sequence comprises 60 data points, and moving window length is 30, now search sequence can be divided into 2 inquiry subsequences.For example, be respectively S1 and S2 for the Candidate Set of two inquiry subsequences, integration step can comprise following content.For the each subsequence a in Candidate Set S1, whether the subsequence b that judgement follows this subsequence a closely is present in Candidate Set S2, if judged result is "Yes", and the member of the Candidate Set of the subsequence ab forming being connected by subsequence a and b after integrating.
In an embodiment of the invention, also comprise pre-treatment step: be multidimensional time series in response to search sequence, search sequence be decomposed into multiple one dimension search sequence.In an embodiment of the invention, spatial index is R-tree.Those skilled in the art can, referring to the description of method above, not repeat them here.
Fig. 6 has schematically shown according to the Organization Chart 600 of the technical scheme of setting up spatial index and content indexing of one embodiment of the present invention.Fig. 6 left side shows the diagram 610 of setting up spatial index, and right side shows the diagram 620 of setting up content indexing.In the process of setting up spatial index, for the time series 612 of real-time update, can first carry out segmentation dimension reduction 614, then the subsequence of dividing based on moving window be mapped to frequency field 616, finally set up the spatial index (as shown by arrow A) of R-tree representation.Content indexing based on subsequence can be when setting up spatial index based on subsequence corresponding, can obtain the value of symbol of subsequence, and the value of symbol corresponding with subsequence in multiple subsequences is stored as to the metadata (as shown by arrow B) being associated with spatial index, and then generate two layer indexs 630.
Fig. 7 has schematically shown according to the process flow diagram 700 of the method for the acquisition Query Result of one embodiment of the present invention.First,, in step S702, receive search sequence, and search sequence is divided into multiple queries subsequence in step S704.Can depend on the partiting step that the length of search sequence and the length of moving window determine whether to carry out S704.Then, in step S706, can adopt above and obtain the Candidate Set for each inquiry subsequence referring to the method for Fig. 4 B, and in step S708, each query candidate collection is integrated into Query Result.
In this embodiment, only be schematically illustrated in the example flow of the method for inquiring about in time series databases, those skilled in the art can increase or delete step voluntarily according to disclosed content, or the execution sequence of each step is adjusted.
Fig. 8 A has schematically shown the Organization Chart 800A that sets up the device of index according to the time series in time series databases of one embodiment of the present invention.Particularly, show a kind of device of setting up index for the time series in time series databases, comprising: divide module 810A, be configured for based on moving window the time series in time series databases is divided into multiple subsequences; Spatial index is set up module 820A, is configured for for multiple subsequences and sets up spatial index, and spatial index is the locus in time series for the subsequence that defines multiple subsequences; And content indexing sets up module 830A, be configured for for multiple subsequences and set up content indexing, content indexing is for defining the context of subsequence of multiple subsequences.
In an embodiment of the invention, spatial index is set up module and is comprised: mapping block, is configured for the subsequence in multiple subsequences is mapped to the value of symbol corresponding with the context of subsequence.
In an embodiment of the invention, also comprise: storage, according to module, is configured for the value of symbol corresponding with subsequence in multiple subsequences is stored as to the metadata being associated with spatial index.
In an embodiment of the invention, spatial index is set up module and is comprised: modular converter, is configured for the conversion based on linear discrete multiple subsequences are converted to frequency field; And set up module, and be configured for according to the characteristic frequency in frequency field, set up spatial index for multiple subsequences.
In an embodiment of the invention, conversion module comprises: segmentation module, is configured for the reduction based on segmentation dimension multiple subsequences are divided into segmentation; And segmentation modular converter, be configured for based on segmentation multiple subsequences are converted to frequency field.
In an embodiment of the invention, also comprise: decomposing module, being configured in response to time series is multidimensional time series, is multiple One-dimension Time Series by Time Series.
In an embodiment of the invention, spatial index is R-tree.
Fig. 8 B has schematically shown according to the Organization Chart 800B of the device of inquiring about in time series databases of one embodiment of the present invention.Particularly, show a kind of device of inquiring about in time series databases, comprise: search module, be configured for the seasonal effect in time series spatial index based on in time series databases, the search locus corresponding with a search sequence in the time series in time series databases; Acquisition module, is configured for the seasonal effect in time series content indexing based on in time series databases, obtains the context the subsequence at searched for locus place; And output module, be configured in response to obtained context consistent with the context of search sequence, the subsequence at the locus place that output is searched for, wherein spatial index is for the subsequence of definition time sequence in the locus of time series, and content indexing is for the context of the subsequence of definition time sequence.
In an embodiment of the invention, content indexing comprises: the value of symbol corresponding with the context of seasonal effect in time series subsequence.
In an embodiment of the invention, the value of symbol corresponding with subsequence in multiple subsequences is stored as the metadata being associated with spatial index.
In an embodiment of the invention, search module comprises: modular converter, is configured for the conversion based on linear discrete search sequence is converted to frequency field; And frequency search module, be configured for according to the characteristic frequency in frequency field the search locus corresponding with search sequence in the time series via spatial index in time series databases.
In an embodiment of the invention, modular converter comprises: segmentation module, is configured for the reduction based on segmentation dimension search sequence is divided into segmentation; And segmentation modular converter is converted to frequency field based on segmentation by search sequence.
In an embodiment of the invention, further comprise: divide module, be configured for search sequence and be divided into multiple queries subsequence; And integrate module, be configured for the locus of searching for of integrating for the output of multiple queries subsequence.
In an embodiment of the invention, also comprise: decomposing module, being configured in response to search sequence is multidimensional time series, search sequence is decomposed into multiple one dimension search sequence.
In an embodiment of the invention, wherein spatial index is R-tree.
In an embodiment of the invention, the method of a kind of administrative time of sequence library is provided, comprise: the time series in time series databases is as described above set up the method for index, and the method for inquiring about in time series databases as described above.
In an embodiment of the invention, the device of a kind of administrative time of sequence library is provided, comprise: the time series in time series databases is as described above set up the device of index, and the device of inquiring about in time series databases as described above.
Process flow diagram in accompanying drawing and block diagram have shown according to architectural framework in the cards, function and the operation of the system of multiple embodiment of the present invention, method and computer program product.In this, the each square frame in process flow diagram or block diagram can represent a part for module, program segment or a code, and a part for described module, program segment or code comprises one or more for realizing the executable instruction of logic function of regulation.Also it should be noted that what the function marking in square frame also can be marked to be different from accompanying drawing occurs in sequence in some realization as an alternative.For example, in fact two continuous square frames can be carried out substantially concurrently, and they also can be carried out by contrary order sometimes, and this determines according to related function.Also be noted that, the combination of the square frame in each square frame and block diagram and/or process flow diagram in block diagram and/or process flow diagram, can realize by the special hardware based system of the function putting rules into practice or operation, or can realize with the combination of specialized hardware and computer instruction.
Below described various embodiments of the present invention, above-mentioned explanation is exemplary, not exhaustive, and be also not limited to disclosed each embodiment.In the case of not departing from the scope and spirit of illustrated each embodiment, many modifications and changes are all apparent for those skilled in the art.The selection of term used herein, is intended to explain best principle, practical application or the technological improvement to the technology in market of each embodiment, or makes other those of ordinary skill of the art can understand the each embodiment disclosing herein.
Claims (26)
1. a method of setting up index for the time series in time series databases, comprising:
Based on moving window, the time series in described time series databases is divided into multiple subsequences;
Set up spatial index for described multiple subsequences, described spatial index is the locus in described time series for the subsequence that defines described multiple subsequences; And
Set up content indexing for described multiple subsequences, described content indexing is used for the context of the subsequence that defines described multiple subsequences.
2. method according to claim 1, wherein set up content indexing for described multiple subsequences and comprise:
Subsequence in described multiple subsequences is mapped to the value of symbol corresponding with the context of described subsequence.
3. method according to claim 2, also comprises:
The value of symbol corresponding with subsequence in described multiple subsequences is stored as to the metadata being associated with described spatial index.
4. according to the method described in any one in claim 1-3, wherein set up spatial index for described multiple subsequences and comprise:
Based on linear discrete, described multiple subsequences are converted to frequency field by conversion; And
According to the characteristic frequency in described frequency field, set up spatial index for described multiple subsequences.
5. method according to claim 4, is wherein converted to frequency field based on linear discrete conversion by described multiple subsequences and comprises:
Based on segmentation dimension, described multiple subsequences are divided into segmentation by reduction; And
Based on described segmentation, described multiple subsequences are converted to frequency field.
6. according to the method described in any one in claim 1-3, also comprise pre-treatment step:
Being multidimensional time series in response to described time series, is multiple One-dimension Time Series by described Time Series.
7. a method of inquiring about in time series databases, comprising:
Seasonal effect in time series spatial index based on in described time series databases, the search locus corresponding with a search sequence in the time series in described time series databases;
Seasonal effect in time series content indexing based on in described time series databases, obtains the context the subsequence at searched for locus place; And
Consistent with the context of described search sequence in response to obtained context, the subsequence at the locus place that output is searched for,
Wherein said spatial index is for defining described seasonal effect in time series subsequence in the locus of described time series, and described content indexing is for defining the context of described seasonal effect in time series subsequence.
8. method according to claim 7, wherein said content indexing comprises: the value of symbol corresponding with the context of described seasonal effect in time series subsequence.
9. method according to claim 8, wherein:
The value of symbol corresponding with subsequence in described multiple subsequences is stored as the metadata being associated with described spatial index.
10. according to the method described in any one in claim 7-9, the wherein seasonal effect in time series spatial index based on in described time series databases, in the time series in described time series databases, the search locus corresponding with above-mentioned search sequence comprises:
Based on linear discrete, described search sequence is converted to frequency field by conversion; And
According to the characteristic frequency in described frequency field, the search locus corresponding with described search sequence in the time series via described spatial index in described time series databases.
11. methods according to claim 10, are wherein converted to frequency field based on linear discrete conversion by described search sequence and comprise:
Based on segmentation dimension, described search sequence is divided into segmentation by reduction; And
Based on described segmentation, described search sequence is converted to frequency field.
12. according to the method described in any one in claim 7-9, further comprises:
Described search sequence is divided into multiple queries subsequence; And
Integrate the locus of searching for for described multiple queries subsequence output.
13. according to the method described in any one in claim 7-9, also comprises pre-treatment step:
Be multidimensional time series in response to described search sequence, described search sequence be decomposed into multiple one dimension search sequence.
Set up the device of index for the time series in time series databases, comprising for 14. 1 kinds:
Divide module, be configured for based on moving window the time series in described time series databases is divided into multiple subsequences;
Spatial index is set up module, is configured for for described multiple subsequences and sets up spatial index, and described spatial index is the locus in described time series for the subsequence that defines described multiple subsequences; And
Content indexing is set up module, is configured for for described multiple subsequences and sets up content indexing, and described content indexing is used for the context of the subsequence that defines described multiple subsequences.
15. devices according to claim 14, wherein said spatial index is set up module and is comprised:
Mapping block, is configured for the subsequence in described multiple subsequences is mapped to the value of symbol corresponding with the context of described subsequence.
16. devices according to claim 15, also comprise:
Storage, according to module, is configured for the value of symbol corresponding with subsequence in described multiple subsequences is stored as to the metadata being associated with described spatial index.
17. according to the device described in any one in claim 14-16, and wherein said spatial index is set up module and comprised:
Modular converter, is configured for the conversion based on linear discrete described multiple subsequences is converted to frequency field; And
Set up module, be configured for according to the characteristic frequency in described frequency field, set up spatial index for described multiple subsequences.
18. devices according to claim 17, wherein said conversion module comprises:
Segmentation module, is configured for the reduction based on segmentation dimension described multiple subsequences is divided into segmentation; And
Segmentation modular converter, is configured for based on described segmentation described multiple subsequences is converted to frequency field.
19. 1 kinds of devices of inquiring about in time series databases, comprising:
Search module, is configured for the seasonal effect in time series spatial index based on in described time series databases, the search locus corresponding with a search sequence in the time series in described time series databases;
Acquisition module, is configured for the seasonal effect in time series content indexing based on in described time series databases, obtains the context the subsequence at searched for locus place; And
Output module, be configured in response to obtained context consistent with the context of described search sequence, the subsequence at the locus place searched for of output,
Wherein said spatial index is for defining described seasonal effect in time series subsequence in the locus of described time series, and described content indexing is for defining the context of described seasonal effect in time series subsequence.
20. devices according to claim 19, wherein said content indexing comprises: the value of symbol corresponding with the context of described seasonal effect in time series subsequence.
21. devices according to claim 20, wherein:
The value of symbol corresponding with subsequence in described multiple subsequences is stored as the metadata being associated with described spatial index.
22. according to the device described in any one in claim 19-21, and wherein said search module comprises:
Modular converter, is configured for the conversion based on linear discrete described search sequence is converted to frequency field; And
Frequency search module, is configured for according to the characteristic frequency in described frequency field, the search locus corresponding with described search sequence in the time series via described spatial index in described time series databases.
23. devices according to claim 22, wherein said modular converter comprises:
Segmentation module, is configured for the reduction based on segmentation dimension described search sequence is divided into segmentation; And
Segmentation modular converter, is configured for based on described segmentation described search sequence is converted to frequency field.
24. according to the device described in any one in claim 19-21, further comprises:
Divide module, be configured for described search sequence and be divided into multiple queries subsequence; And
Integrate module, is configured for the locus of searching for of integrating for described multiple queries subsequence output.
25. 1 kinds administrative time sequence library method, comprising:
The method of setting up index for the time series in time series databases according to claim 1, and method of inquiring about in time series databases according to claim 7.
26. 1 kinds administrative time sequence library device, comprising:
The device of setting up index for the time series in time series databases according to claim 14, and the device of inquiring about in time series databases according to claim 19.
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