CN103833274A - Heavy metal-contaminated soil solidifying agent and application method thereof - Google Patents
Heavy metal-contaminated soil solidifying agent and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103833274A CN103833274A CN201310751031.6A CN201310751031A CN103833274A CN 103833274 A CN103833274 A CN 103833274A CN 201310751031 A CN201310751031 A CN 201310751031A CN 103833274 A CN103833274 A CN 103833274A
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
The invention discloses a heavy metal-contaminated soil solidifying agent and an application method thereof. The solidifying agent comprises the following components by mass: on the basis of the dry weight of heavy metal-contaminated soil, 10 to 15% of a binding material, 5% of biochar, 10% of vegetable fiber and 1% of a stabilizing agent. The components are added according a sequence of the stabilizing agent-the biochar-the vegetable fiber-the binding material. Addition of the chemical stabilizing agent and the biochar in the process of stabilization enables heavy metals to be absorbed and passivated and to lose mobility; preparation of heavy metal-contaminated soil slurry provides conditions for a later chemical reaction; the whole processing process is free of dust pollution and discharging of unwanted sewage. Addition of the vegetable fiber enables cracking of heavy metal-contaminated soil solidified by using a conventional solidifying agent to be effectively prevented and endurance of a solidified body to be improved. The method provided by the invention has the advantages of strong operability, low cost, extensive applicability, a high resource utilization rate, low environmental risk and easy large-scale popularization.
Description
Technical field
The invention discloses a kind of heavy metal polluted soil solidifying agent and using method thereof, belong to engineering materials and field of environment engineering technology.
Background technology
Along with the quickening of urbanization, process of industrialization, increasing soil suffers heavy metal contamination, and Urban strategy layout is readjusted, and a large amount of heavy metals is left over place urgent need and administered.At present, China is subject to nearly 2,000 ten thousand hectares of the cultivated area of the heavy metal contaminations such as chromium, cadmium, arsenic, lead, it is estimated, the whole nation is annual because the grain of soil pollution reaches 1,200 ten thousand tons, and the direct economic loss causing exceedes 20,000,000,000 yuan.The repairing and treating method of heavy metal polluted soil mainly contains the methods such as solidification and stabilization, drip washing, moving electric reparation, phytoremediation, vitrification and steam lixiviate, and in numerous restorative procedures, solidification and stabilization method is considered to the most effectively one of restorative procedure., there is following problem in current solidification and stabilization treatment technology: 1) solidifying agent addition is excessive; 2) cracking that cured body causes under long-term stress load and drying and watering cycle effect, has accelerated the leaching of heavy metal ion in cured body; 3) environmental risk is high.
According to statistics, the annual production of China's food wastes is not less than 6,000 ten thousand tons, municipal sludge amount is at least 140 ten thousand tons (dry mud) every year, and both cause huge threat for the environment of China and the mankind's health, how efficiently to process changing food waste and municipal sludge is extremely urgent.
There are many sugar refinery in China Sichuan, Guangxi, have a large amount of bagasse, belong to fiber from its composition, are the wastes in sugar refinery; The stalk of most of rich cellulose is used as that castoff burning falls or be only used as fuel, has not only caused the waste of natural resources, and has polluted the environment for human survival going from bad to worse, and this is just badly in need of a kind of more efficiently stalk treatment process.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned existing problems, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of heavy metal polluted soil solidifying agent and using method thereof, employing changing food waste, municipal sludge, bagasse and stalk is after treatment as additive, it is low that the method has cost, recycling rate is high, the advantage that environmental risk is low, for achieving the above object, its technical solution is:
A kind of heavy metal polluted soil solidifying agent and using method thereof, described heavy metal polluted soil solidifying agent is the combination of gelling material, biological carbon, vegetable fibre and stablizer.
Wherein, described gelling material is the one in cement or lime or gypsum.
Described biological carbon is the rubbish from cooking porous carbon that high temperature pyrolysis forms under 500 DEG C of anoxia conditions after municipal sludge or press filtration, and biological carbon particle diameter is less than 50 orders.
Described vegetable fibre is that bagasse or stalk obtain through alkaline-heating method.
Described stablizer is the one in potassium primary phosphate or sodium sulphite.
A kind of heavy metal polluted soil solidifying agent using method, described using method is carried out according to following steps:
A) heavy metal polluted soil slurrying
Adopt oven drying method to measure the water ratio ω of heavy metal polluted soil
0, take heavy metal polluted soil m
0kg, and according to formula
In formula: m
w---prepare the required amount of water of heavy metal polluted soil mud (kg)
M
0---the quality (kg) of heavy metal polluted soil
ω
0---heavy metal polluted soil water ratio (%)
ω
1---heavy metal polluted soil mud moisture content (%), within the scope of 100-120%, choose
Calculate the required amount of water of heavy metal polluted soil slurrying, in heavy metal polluted soil, add water according to calculating required amount of water, stir and within 5-10 minute, form heavy metal polluted soil mud with machine,massing.
B) heavy metal polluted soil mud stabilization
According to formula
In formula: m
d---heavy metal polluted soil dry weight (kg)
M
0---the quality (kg) of heavy metal polluted soil
Calculate the dry weight of heavy metal polluted soil, to 1% stablizer adding according to heavy metal polluted soil dry weight in heavy metal polluted soil mud, stir 5-10 minute, in heavy metal polluted soil mud according to 5% biological carbon of adding of heavy metal polluted soil dry weight, stir 5-10 minute, leave standstill 30 minutes.
C) heavy metal polluted soil slurry curing
To through B) add respectively gelling material and vegetable fibre according to the 10-15% of heavy metal polluted soil dry weight and 10% in heavy metal polluted soil mud after step stabilization, strong stirring 20 minutes, leaves standstill.
Owing to having adopted above technical scheme, a kind of heavy metal polluted soil solidifying agent of the present invention uses the combination of gelling material, biological carbon, vegetable fibre and stablizer, in stabilization process, adopt the heavy metal reaction in chemical stabilizer and Polluted Soil mud, make heavy metal passivation, lose transport property, preparing heavy metal polluted soil mud provides condition for later stage chemical reaction, and whole treating processes no dust pollution, without sewage discharge more than needed.Adopt rubbish from cooking and municipal sludge to produce biological carbon through high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis process, for a processing difficult problem for changing food waste and municipal sludge provides outlet, biological carbon can be stablized the heavy metal ion in Polluted Soil by active adsorption, and biological carbon surface-area is large, there is micro aggregate effect, can reduce curing Polluted Soil porosity of later stage, improve and solidify Polluted Soil intensity.In solidification process, pass through to add the gelling material such as cement, heavy metal is wrapped in and is solidified in Polluted Soil, greatly reduce the transport property of heavy metal ion in Polluted Soil, reduce to solidify the leaching risk of heavy metal in Polluted Soil, and hydrated product can with biological carbon in activating oxide react, improve solidify Polluted Soil intensity.Adopt discarded bagasse and stalk to produce vegetable fibre, not only reduce the environmental pollution bringing because burning, also realize the recycling of waste, save the energy, in heavy metal polluted soil solidification process, add vegetable fibre, can effectively slow down the cracking of cured body under long-term stress load and drying and watering cycle effect, reduce the leaching risk of heavy metal in cured body, improve the weather resistance of cured body.Effectively curing heavy metal Polluted Soil of this kind of combination and solidification agent, has solved the processing difficult problem of waste, has also realized the recycling of waste, has reached the object of the treatment of wastes with processes of wastes against one another; The present invention is workable, and cost is low, and recycling rate is high, and suitability is strong, and environmental risk is low, is easy to large-scale promotion.
Embodiment
A kind of heavy metal polluted soil solidifying agent and using method thereof, described heavy metal polluted soil solidifying agent is the combination of gelling material, biological carbon, vegetable fibre and stablizer.
Wherein, described gelling material is the one in cement, lime or gypsum, gelling material is the one in cement, lime or gypsum, cement, lime and gypsum are all economy and all reasonable gelling material of engineering properties, in numerous reparation cases, these three kinds of gelling material can both meet the requirement of solidification and stabilization processing, and are widely used in domestic and international heavy metal polluted soil reparation case row in recent years.
Described biological carbon is the rubbish from cooking porous carbon that high temperature pyrolysis forms under 500 DEG C of anoxia conditions after municipal sludge or press filtration, and biological carbon particle diameter is less than 50 orders.Biological carbon is that the porous carbon that high temperature pyrolysis forms was pulverized 50 mesh sieve gained screen underflows, select 500 DEG C of pyrolysis rubbishes from cooking and municipal sludge to be because lower temperature can make in rubbish from cooking and municipal sludge organic carbonization incomplete, and excess Temperature can cause the productive rate of biological carbon to reduce, reduced the adsorption effect of biological carbon simultaneously, and 500 DEG C of these temperature can be in taking into account charcoal productive rate, make organic a large amount of carbonization, and, can, by garbage carbonized class hard such as the bone in rubbish from cooking complete, be convenient to process for 500 DEG C.Being crushed to particle diameter, to be less than 50 orders are the specific surface areas in order to increase biological carbon, thereby strengthen the adsorptive power of biological carbon to heavy metal.
Described vegetable fibre is that bagasse or stalk obtain through alkaline-heating method, and bagasse and stalk are the waste of fiber-enriched, and conventional burning disposal is not only wasted resource, has also caused environmental pollution.Process bagasse and stalk by conventional alkaline-heating method, can extract cost-effectively the fiber in bagasse or stalk, as the matrix material of solidifying agent, can improve cured body tensile strength, prevent cured body cracking, thereby reach the object of recycling.
Described stablizer is the one in potassium primary phosphate or sodium sulphite, and potassium primary phosphate and sodium sulphite are effective heavy metal stabilizer.Phosphate anion and sulfonium ion all can react with the heavy metal ion of numerous kinds at heavy metal polluted soil mud and generate precipitation, reduce the transport property of heavy metal ion, thereby reduce the environmental risk of cured body.
A kind of heavy metal polluted soil solidifying agent using method, described using method is carried out according to following steps:
A) heavy metal polluted soil slurrying
Adopt oven drying method to measure the water ratio ω of heavy metal polluted soil
0, take heavy metal polluted soil m
0kg, and according to formula
In formula: m
w---prepare the required amount of water of heavy metal polluted soil mud (kg)
M
0---the quality (kg) of heavy metal polluted soil
ω
0---heavy metal polluted soil water ratio (%)
ω
1---heavy metal polluted soil mud moisture content (%), within the scope of 100-120%, choose
Calculate the required amount of water of heavy metal polluted soil slurrying, in heavy metal polluted soil, add water according to calculating required amount of water, stir and within 5-10 minute, form heavy metal polluted soil mud with machine,massing, the water ratio of heavy metal polluted soil mud is between 100%-120%, can ensure the mobility of mud in solidification process, can ensure that again each material composition of solidifying agent can stir under the condition of this water ratio.
B) heavy metal polluted soil mud stabilization
According to formula
In formula: m
d---heavy metal polluted soil dry weight (kg)
M
0---the quality (kg) of heavy metal polluted soil
Calculate the dry weight of heavy metal polluted soil, to 1% stablizer adding according to heavy metal polluted soil dry weight in heavy metal polluted soil mud, stir 5-10 minute, in heavy metal polluted soil mud according to 5% biological carbon of adding of heavy metal polluted soil dry weight, stir 5-10 minute, leave standstill 30 minutes.Stablizer is the one in potassium primary phosphate or sodium sulphite, and the heavy metal reaction in stablizer and Polluted Soil mud, makes heavy metal passivation, loses transport property, thereby has reduced the environmental risk of heavy metal ion in cured body.Biological carbon can adsorb in heavy metal ion in heavy metal polluted soil, after biological carbon has been adsorbed, solidifying of cement can be solidified the biological carbon of having adsorbed heavy metal in heavy metal polluted soil, thereby reduced the leaching risk of heavy metal ion in cured body.
C) heavy metal polluted soil slurry curing
To through B) add respectively gelling material and vegetable fibre according to the 10-15% of heavy metal polluted soil dry weight and 10% in heavy metal polluted soil mud after step is stable, strong stirring 20 minutes, leaves standstill.In cement solidification heavy metal polluted soil, add vegetable fibre, evenly mix and solidify in heavy metal polluted soil, vegetable fibre can be uniformly distributed in cured body after curing molding, the existence of vegetable fibre can improve curing tensile property greatly, the problem that the weather resistance that has effectively slowed down the cracking of cured body under long-term stress load and the drying and watering cycle effect and cause reduces, the environment that the cracking of cured body can increase heavy metal leaches risk, therefore, the interpolation of fiber can effectively reduce this problem, improve heavy metal polluted soil therefore the weather resistance of cured body.
Be described in further detail below in conjunction with concrete case study on implementation:
Case study on implementation 1
The water ratio that adopts oven drying method to record pending heavy metal polluted soil is 15%, weigh to such an extent that heavy metal polluted soil quality is 300kg, while solidifying, heavy metal polluted soil mud moisture content is 100%, calculating amount of water according to formula (1) is 182.61kg, calculate heavy metal polluted soil dry weight 260.87kg according to formula (2).Load weighted 182.61kg water is mixed with heavy metal polluted soil, stir and form heavy metal polluted soil mud in 5 minutes, then 2.61kg sodium sulphite is dissolved in heavy metal polluted soil mud, stir 5 minutes; Stirring completes after 30 minutes and adds 13.04kg biological carbon, again stirs 5 minutes; After 30 minutes, add 26.09kg bagasse fibre and 26.09kg cement, strong stirring 20 minutes.
Case study on implementation 2
The water ratio that adopts oven drying method to record pending heavy metal polluted soil is 18%, weigh to such an extent that heavy metal polluted soil quality is 300kg, while solidifying, heavy metal polluted soil mud moisture content is 110%, calculating amount of water according to formula (1) is 188.14kg, calculates heavy metal polluted soil dry weight 254.24kg according to formula (2).Load weighted 188.14kg water is mixed with heavy metal polluted soil, stir and form heavy metal polluted soil mud in 7 minutes, then 2.54kg potassium primary phosphate is dissolved in heavy metal polluted soil mud, stir 7 minutes; Stirring completes after 30 minutes and adds 12.71kg biological carbon, again stirs 7 minutes; After 30 minutes, add 25.42kg stalk fibre and 25.42kg lime, strong stirring 20 minutes.
Case study on implementation 3
The water ratio that adopts oven drying method to record pending heavy metal polluted soil is 21%, weigh to such an extent that heavy metal polluted soil quality is 300kg, while solidifying, heavy metal polluted soil mud moisture content is 120%, calculating amount of water according to formula (1) is 193.39kg, calculates heavy metal polluted soil dry weight 247.93kg according to formula (2).Load weighted 193.39kg water is mixed with heavy metal polluted soil, stir and form heavy metal polluted soil mud in 8 minutes, then 2.48kg sodium sulphite is dissolved in heavy metal polluted soil mud, stir 8 minutes; Stirring completes after 30 minutes and adds 12.40kg biological carbon, again stirs 8 minutes; After 30 minutes, add 24.79kg bagasse fibre and 24.79kg gypsum, strong stirring 20 minutes.
Case study on implementation 4
The water ratio that adopts oven drying method to record pending heavy metal polluted soil is 23%, weigh to such an extent that heavy metal polluted soil quality is 300kg, while solidifying, heavy metal polluted soil mud moisture content is 100%, calculating amount of water according to formula (1) is 131.71kg, calculates heavy metal polluted soil dry weight 243.90kg according to formula (2).Load weighted 131.71kg water is mixed with heavy metal polluted soil, stir and form heavy metal polluted soil mud in 5 minutes, then 2.44kg potassium primary phosphate is dissolved in heavy metal polluted soil mud, stir 5 minutes; Stirring completes after 30 minutes and adds 12.20kg biological carbon, again stirs 5 minutes; After 30 minutes, add 24.39kg stalk fibre and 26.83kg cement, strong stirring 20 minutes.
Case study on implementation 5
The water ratio that adopts oven drying method to record pending heavy metal polluted soil is 19%, weigh to such an extent that heavy metal polluted soil quality is 300kg, while solidifying, heavy metal polluted soil mud moisture content is 110%, calculating amount of water according to formula (1) is 181.51kg, calculates heavy metal polluted soil dry weight 252.10kg according to formula (2).Load weighted 181.51kg water is mixed with heavy metal polluted soil, stir and form heavy metal polluted soil mud in 10 minutes, then 2.52kg sodium sulphite is dissolved in heavy metal polluted soil mud, stir 10 minutes; Stirring completes after 30 minutes and adds 12.61kg biological carbon, again stirs 10 minutes; After 30 minutes, add 25.21kg bagasse fibre and 27.73kg lime, strong stirring 20 minutes.
Case study on implementation 6
The water ratio that adopts oven drying method to record pending heavy metal polluted soil is 18%, weigh to such an extent that heavy metal polluted soil quality is 300kg, while solidifying, heavy metal polluted soil mud moisture content is 120%, calculating amount of water according to formula (1) is 213.56kg, calculates heavy metal polluted soil dry weight 254.24kg according to formula (2).Load weighted 213.56kg water is mixed with heavy metal polluted soil, stir and form heavy metal polluted soil mud in 9 minutes, then 2.54kg potassium primary phosphate is dissolved in heavy metal polluted soil mud, stir 9 minutes; Stirring completes after 30 minutes and adds 12.71kg biological carbon, again stirs 9 minutes; After 30 minutes, add 25.42kg stalk fibre and 27.97kg gypsum, strong stirring 20 minutes.
Case study on implementation 7
The water ratio that adopts oven drying method to record pending heavy metal polluted soil is 18%, weigh to such an extent that heavy metal polluted soil quality is 300kg, while solidifying, heavy metal polluted soil mud moisture content is 100%, calculating amount of water according to formula (1) is 162.71kg, calculates heavy metal polluted soil dry weight 254.24kg according to formula (2).Load weighted 162.71kg water is mixed with heavy metal polluted soil, stir and form heavy metal polluted soil mud in 6 minutes, then 2.54kg sodium sulphite is dissolved in heavy metal polluted soil mud, stir 6 minutes; Stirring completes after 30 minutes and adds 12.71kg biological carbon, again stirs 6 minutes; After 30 minutes, add 25.42kg bagasse fibre and 30.51kg cement, strong stirring 20 minutes.
Case study on implementation 8
The water ratio that adopts oven drying method to record pending heavy metal polluted soil is 19%, weigh to such an extent that heavy metal polluted soil quality is 300kg, while solidifying, heavy metal polluted soil mud moisture content is 110%, calculating amount of water according to formula (1) is 181.51kg, calculates heavy metal polluted soil dry weight 252.10kg according to formula (2).Load weighted 181.51kg water is mixed with heavy metal polluted soil, stir and form heavy metal polluted soil mud in 7 minutes, then 2.52kg potassium primary phosphate is dissolved in heavy metal polluted soil mud, stir 7 minutes; Stirring completes after 30 minutes and adds 12.61kg biological carbon, again stirs 7 minutes; After 30 minutes, add 25.21kg stalk fibre and 30.25kg lime, strong stirring 20 minutes.
Case study on implementation 9
The water ratio that adopts oven drying method to record pending heavy metal polluted soil is 15%, weigh to such an extent that heavy metal polluted soil quality is 300kg, while solidifying, heavy metal polluted soil mud moisture content is 120%, calculating amount of water according to formula (1) is 234.78kg, calculates heavy metal polluted soil dry weight 260.87kg according to formula (2).Load weighted 234.78kg water is mixed with heavy metal polluted soil, stir and form heavy metal polluted soil mud in 10 minutes, then 2.61kg sodium sulphite is dissolved in heavy metal polluted soil mud, stir 10 minutes; Stirring completes after 30 minutes and adds 13.04kg biological carbon, again stirs 10 minutes; After 30 minutes, add 26.09kg bagasse fibre and 31.30kg gypsum, strong stirring 20 minutes.
Case study on implementation 10
The water ratio that adopts oven drying method to record pending heavy metal polluted soil is 17%, weigh to such an extent that heavy metal polluted soil quality is 300kg, while solidifying, heavy metal polluted soil mud moisture content is 100%, calculating amount of water according to formula (1) is 169.23kg, calculates heavy metal polluted soil dry weight 256.41kg according to formula (2).Load weighted 169.23kg water is mixed with heavy metal polluted soil, stir and form heavy metal polluted soil mud in 5 minutes, then 2.56kg potassium primary phosphate is dissolved in heavy metal polluted soil mud, stir 5 minutes; Stirring completes after 30 minutes and adds 12.82kg biological carbon, again stirs 5 minutes; After 30 minutes, add 25.84kg stalk fibre and 33.33kg cement, strong stirring 20 minutes.
Case study on implementation 11
The water ratio that adopts oven drying method to record pending heavy metal polluted soil is 20%, weigh to such an extent that heavy metal polluted soil quality is 300kg, while solidifying, heavy metal polluted soil mud moisture content is 110%, calculating amount of water according to formula (1) is 175.00kg, calculates heavy metal polluted soil dry weight 250.00kg according to formula (2).Load weighted 175.00kg water is mixed with heavy metal polluted soil, stir and form heavy metal polluted soil mud in 9 minutes, then 2.50kg sodium sulphite is dissolved in heavy metal polluted soil mud, stir 9 minutes; Stirring completes after 30 minutes and adds 12.50kg biological carbon, again stirs 9 minutes; After 30 minutes, add 25.00kg bagasse fibre and 32.50kg lime, strong stirring 20 minutes.
Case study on implementation 12
The water ratio that adopts oven drying method to record pending heavy metal polluted soil is 20%, weigh to such an extent that heavy metal polluted soil quality is 300kg, while solidifying, heavy metal polluted soil mud moisture content is 120%, calculating amount of water according to formula (1) is 200.00kg, calculates heavy metal polluted soil dry weight 250.00kg according to formula (2).Load weighted 200.00kg water is mixed with heavy metal polluted soil, stir and form heavy metal polluted soil mud in 10 minutes, then 2.50kg potassium primary phosphate is dissolved in heavy metal polluted soil mud, stir 10 minutes; Stirring completes after 30 minutes and adds 12.50kg biological carbon, again stirs 10 minutes; After 30 minutes, add 25.00kg stalk slag fiber and 32.50kg gypsum, strong stirring 20 minutes.
Claims (2)
1. heavy metal polluted soil solidifying agent and a using method thereof, is characterized in that: described heavy metal polluted soil solidifying agent is the combination of gelling material, biological carbon, vegetable fibre and stablizer;
Wherein, described gelling material is the one in cement or lime or gypsum;
Described biological carbon is the rubbish from cooking porous carbon that high temperature pyrolysis forms under 500 DEG C of anoxia conditions after municipal sludge or press filtration, and biological carbon particle diameter is less than 50 orders;
Described vegetable fibre is that bagasse or stalk obtain through alkaline-heating method;
Described stablizer is the one in potassium primary phosphate or sodium sulphite.
2. a heavy metal polluted soil solidifying agent using method, is characterized in that, described using method is carried out according to following steps:
A) heavy metal polluted soil slurrying
Adopt oven drying method to measure the water ratio ω of heavy metal polluted soil
0, take heavy metal polluted soil m
0kg, and according to formula
In formula: m
w---prepare the required amount of water of heavy metal polluted soil mud (kg)
M
0---the quality (kg) of heavy metal polluted soil
ω
0---heavy metal polluted soil water ratio (%)
ω
1---heavy metal polluted soil mud moisture content (%), within the scope of 100-120%, choose
Calculate the required amount of water of heavy metal polluted soil slurrying, in heavy metal polluted soil, add water according to calculating required amount of water, stir and within 5-10 minute, form heavy metal polluted soil mud with machine,massing;
B) heavy metal polluted soil mud stabilization
According to formula
In formula: m
d---heavy metal polluted soil dry weight (kg)
M
0---the quality (kg) of heavy metal polluted soil
Calculate the dry weight of heavy metal polluted soil, to 1% stablizer adding according to heavy metal polluted soil dry weight in heavy metal polluted soil mud, stir 5-10 minute, in heavy metal polluted soil mud according to 5% biological carbon of adding of heavy metal polluted soil dry weight, stir 5-10 minute, leave standstill 30 minutes;
C) heavy metal polluted soil slurry curing
To through B) add respectively gelling material and vegetable fibre according to the 10-15% of heavy metal polluted soil dry weight and 10% in heavy metal polluted soil mud after step stabilization, strong stirring 20 minutes, leaves standstill.
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