CN103790582A - Geostress measuring device and method - Google Patents
Geostress measuring device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103790582A CN103790582A CN201410036347.1A CN201410036347A CN103790582A CN 103790582 A CN103790582 A CN 103790582A CN 201410036347 A CN201410036347 A CN 201410036347A CN 103790582 A CN103790582 A CN 103790582A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering and provides a geostress measuring device and method. The device comprises a steering drill bit, a positioning device, a collecting device and a measuring and calculating device, wherein the steering drill bit is a directional drill, the positioning device comprises a position evaluation unit and a releasing unit, the collecting device comprises sensors, a recording unit and a transmission unit, the measuring and calculating device comprises a receiving unit, a control unit and a calculating unit, the positioning device controls the drilling depth and position of the steering drill bit and controls the releasing of the collecting device, and the measuring and calculating device receives parameters collected by the collecting device for analysis and calculation to determine geostress and the state of the broken rock zone of a roadway. According to the geostress measuring device and method, comprehensive analysis is conducted on the geostress and the state of the broken rock zone through comprehensive measurement achieved by means of multiple sensors arranged at any specified positions, and due to the adoption of multiple methods for joint observation, advantage complementation among different observation methods is achieved, and the credibility of measurement results is effectively improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Geotechnical Engineering field, particularly a kind of geostress survey Apparatus and method for.
Background technology
Geostatic stress is that earth's crust rock mass forms the geological structures such as fold, fracture, joint, to such an extent as to the basic active force of earthquake, geostatic stress is also the essential power that causes mining and other various underground constructions and destruction, its size and Orientation has conclusive impact to improving stability of surrounding rocks in roadway, along with the continuous intensification of the pit mining degree of depth, it is more and more important that the effect of geostatic stress shows.The geological disaster phenomenons such as the maintenance in high-ground stress tunnel, deep, bump, Gas Outburst are all inseparable with geostatic stress.Accurately record the geostatic stress regularity of distribution, size and direction within the scope of mining area, ground, be not only the foundation in reasonable Arrangement tunnel, also be the selection of roadway support design, maintenance scheme and the prerequisite of avoiding the generation of geological disaster, also can save a large amount of supportings and maintenance cost, economic benefit obviously improves.
In the sixties in 20th century, geostress survey theory and method present diversified development trend, stress relief method and hydraulic fracturing etc. account for main flow, also emerge in large numbers the method a series of indirect measurement geostatic stress such as acoustic-emission, strain restoring method, Borehole Breakout Data, core cake method, Tectonic Analysis method and stress inversion method.After the eighties in 20th century, geostress survey is subject to the extensive concern of countries in the world.
The method of measuring both at home and abroad wall rock loosening ring mainly contains earthquake and surveys in method, resistivity method, ultrasound method, hole Photographic technique etc., and the whole bag of tricks all has certain compliance.What conventionally adopt at present is ultrasound method, and the method is to utilize ultrasonic wave spread speed in rock mass principle relevant with crack situation with the suffered stress intensity of rock mass.By drawing the relation curve of " ultrasonic propagation time and the testing bore holes degree of depth ", determine the position of the each testing bore holes wall rock loosening point in test tunnel, connect each loosening point with the curve of a brilliance and be test Exploring Loose Rock Country in Tunnels.
In recent years, people recognize gradually, due to high complexity and the non-homogeneity of the earth's crust, in prior art, still do not have any earth stress measuring method can adapt to and be competent at the test of all objects and environment, measurement result has certain limitation, is difficult to meet the underground construction job requirements of high safety requirements under complex environment.
Summary of the invention
(1) technical problem to be solved by this invention:
For the above-mentioned defect of prior art, technical problem to be solved by this invention is how to realize the diversification geostress survey of flexibility and reliability.
(2) technical scheme
For achieving the above object, on the one hand, the invention provides a kind of geostress survey equipment, comprising: turn to drill bit, positioner, harvester and measuring and calculating device; Wherein, described in to turn to drill bit be Directional Drilling, described positioner comprises position estimation unit and throws in unit, described harvester comprises sensor, record cell and transmission unit, described measuring and calculating device comprises receiving element, control module and computing unit; Described in described positioner control, turn to drilling depth and the position of drill bit, and control and throw in described harvester; Described measuring and calculating device receives the parameter of described harvester collection and carries out analysis and calculation, definitely the state of stress and tunnel relaxation zone.
Preferably, described Directional Drilling comprises rig, drilling rod and drill bit, and wherein, described drilling rod pierces after designated depth in a first direction can be to second direction deflection, and drive described drill bit in second direction, to continue boring.
Preferably, described second direction is vertical with described first direction.
Preferably, described first direction is horizontal direction, and described second direction is vertical direction.
Preferably, described drill bit also can install reamer additional.
Preferably, the combination that described sensor is multiple sensors.
Preferably, described harvester also comprises hydraulic system.
Preferably, harvester also comprises visual element, and described visual element is mobile layout in described tunnel.。
On the other hand, the present invention also provides a kind of earth stress measuring method that adopts the said equipment simultaneously, comprises step:
Estimation test position, turns to drill bit to pierce designated depth in rock mass body, and carries out directed reaming to test position;
Throw in sensor at described test position;
Gather the geostatic stress value of three directions, and obtain stress-strain, the strain-time graph of relaxation zone off-load; The geostatic stress that accurately record collects and the relevant parameter of relaxation zone also implement to be transferred to measuring and calculating device;
Receive parameter and also carry out analysis and calculation, the distribution of stress, size and Orientation definitely, and the diffusion velocity of the relaxation zone in tunnel, Diffusion Law.
Preferably, described method also comprises step: adopt hydraulic system to carry out decompression rate control according to default unloading range, simulate the impact that the Unloading Effect of different rock body types in roadway excavation process cause and gather corresponding parameter.
(3) technique effect
With respect to prior art, the invention provides a kind of geostress survey Apparatus and method for, carry out composite measurement by arrange multiple sensors in any given position, the state of geostatic stress and relaxation zone has been carried out to multianalysis, adopt several different methods joint observation owing to measuring, realize the mutual supplement with each other's advantages between different observation procedures, effectively improved measurement results reliability.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the hole effect schematic diagram of reaming of Directional Drilling in one embodiment of the present of invention;
Fig. 2 is the effect schematic diagram of stress loop acquisition parameter in one embodiment of the present of invention;
Fig. 3 is the effect schematic diagram that in one embodiment of the present of invention, hydraulic system is carried out amount of pressurization and release measurement dress.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out to clear, complete description, obviously, described embodiment is a part of embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiment.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, the every other embodiment that those of ordinary skills obtain under the prerequisite of not making creative work, belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
Geostatic stress is the constituent of rock mass mechanics characteristic, and it has duality, is rock mass on the one hand, and within it is composed again and deposits rock mass on the other hand, the same with rock mass constituent, left and right the character of rock mass.Rock mass internal stress has two kinds of compositions: structure residual stress is rock elasticity distortional stress; Freezing stresses is enclosed in the stress in mineral.Therefore, to compose the geostatic stress state of depositing inseparable for rock mass constitutive characteristics and rock mass.Show three aspects: the supporting capacity that affects rock mass; Affect rock mass deformation and failure mechanism; Affect stress propagation rule in rock mass.Geostatic stress all plays vital effect to productions such as mining, underground construction and energy developments.
China's geostress survey experiment and research start from later stage the 1950's, are taken the lead in organizing and implementing by Professor Li Siguang was and professor Chen Zongji.In the past few decades, even if China's original place stress test has obtained developing rapidly, can be divided into three major types according to measuring principle: (1) measuring strain in rock mass, be deformed into the Mechanical Method of foundation, as stress restoration, press magnetic stress solution division and hydraulic fracturing etc.; (2) be measure in rock mass, the geophysical method that is changed to foundation of On Acoustic Wave Propagation Character, resistivity or other physical quantitys; (3) be that the information providing according to geological structure and down-hole rock mass damage situation is determined stress direction.
Traditional earth stress measuring method is comparatively single, and result can only reflect the partial information of rock mass, has very strong limitation.In order to tackle the demand of safe construction under complex environment, technical scheme of the present invention provides a kind of Apparatus and method for that can carry out in any given position composite measurement, adopt several different methods joint observation owing to measuring, realize the mutual supplement with each other's advantages between different observation procedures, effectively improved measurement results reliability.
In one embodiment of the invention, geostress survey equipment comprises: turn to drill bit, positioner, harvester and measuring and calculating device; The described drill bit that turns to is Directional Drilling, and described positioner comprises position estimation unit and input unit, and described harvester comprises sensor, record cell and transmission unit, and described measuring and calculating device comprises receiving element, control module and computing unit; Wherein, turn to drilling depth and the position of drill bit described in described positioner control, and control and throw in described harvester; Described measuring and calculating device receives the parameter of described harvester collection and carries out analysis and calculation, definitely the state of stress and tunnel relaxation zone.
Wherein, described Directional Drilling comprises rig, drilling rod and drill bit, and wherein, described drilling rod pierces after designated depth in a first direction can be to second direction deflection, and drive described drill bit in second direction, to continue boring.Preferably, second direction is vertical with first direction.More preferably, as shown in Figure 1, first direction is horizontal direction, and second direction is vertical direction.In addition, described drill bit also can install reamer additional, for getting out after pilot hole, carries out directed reaming to the test position of specifying.
Physical location is estimated and calculated in boring procedure in the position estimation unit of described positioner to test position, stop boring in the time reaching nominative testing position; Throw in unit and in reaming or after reaming, harvester is rendered to nominative testing position.
Harvester comprises multiple sensors, preferably as pressure sensor, ultrasonic sensor, electromagnetic sensor etc.As shown in Figure 2, have strain ring to gather multiple strain parameter at multiple position of sound production in the main aperture having bored or a hole, strain ring couples mutually with external record unit, the information that real time record collects.In harvester, also can comprise monitoring means and alarm, according to Information Monitoring Real-Time Monitoring operating environment, and warn accordingly for different situations.More preferably harvester also comprises hydraulic system, and as shown in Figure 3, hydraulic system is for carrying out decompression rate control according to default unloading range, simulates the impact that the Unloading Effect of different rock body types in roadway excavation process cause and gathers corresponding parameter; Wherein, the unloading setting of range and the control of decompression rate complete by calculating unit.
Measuring and calculating device is usually placed in outside tunnel, communicates by letter with harvester by wired or wireless mode, receives the next parameter information of harvester transmission and carries out analytical calculation, the state of stress and relaxation zone definitely.Typical measuring and calculating comprises the geostatic stress test value of three directions that gather according to test position, calculates maximum, minimum and the intermediate stress value of this test position, thus the distribution of stress, size and Orientation definitely; According to the data of relaxation zone and curve, determine diffusion velocity, the Diffusion Law etc. of the relaxation zone in tunnel.Preferably, also can be according to the load-deformation curve under Unloading Effect, strain-time graph, record relaxation zone radially, load-deformation curve and the time-displacement curve of normal direction, determine issuable relaxation zone spread scenarios and expansion rate.In addition, measuring and calculating device also carries out analysis and control to the duty of harvester, and integration test result is determined range and the precision of harvester, repeatedly debugs, and obtains the every comprehensive parameters of various rock mass under stress condition correspondingly.Calculate where necessary device and also control harvester finish the work monitoring and the warning of environment.
Preferably, harvester also comprises visual element, and visual element can suitably move layout in hole, in gathering hole, image parameters is calculated, and the each working condition of installing of Real-Time Monitoring can also and test in boring time.To be placed in the time of another depth, then proceed next round test and monitoring, thus accurately, fast, reliably complete the test experiments of different depth rock mass geostatic stress and relaxation zone.
Based on the said equipment, the present invention also provides a kind of earth stress measuring method simultaneously, comprises step:
Estimation test position, turns to drill bit to pierce designated depth in rock mass body, and carries out directed reaming to test position;
Throw in sensor at described test position;
Gather the geostatic stress value of three directions, and obtain stress-strain, the strain-time graph of relaxation zone off-load; The geostatic stress that accurately record collects and the relevant parameter of relaxation zone also implement to be transferred to measuring and calculating device;
Receive parameter and also carry out analysis and calculation, the distribution of stress, size and Orientation definitely, and the diffusion velocity of the relaxation zone in tunnel, Diffusion Law.
With respect to prior art, the invention provides a kind of geostress survey Apparatus and method for, carry out composite measurement by arrange multiple sensors in any given position, the state of geostatic stress and relaxation zone has been carried out to multianalysis, adopt several different methods joint observation owing to measuring, realize the mutual supplement with each other's advantages between different observation procedures, effectively improved measurement results reliability.
Although below invention has been described in conjunction with the preferred embodiments, but it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art, method and system of the present invention is not limited to the embodiment described in the specific embodiment, in the case of not deviating from the spirit and scope of the invention being limited by appended claims, can the present invention be made various modifications, increase and be replaced.
Claims (10)
1. a geostress survey equipment, is characterized in that, described equipment comprises: turn to drill bit, positioner, harvester and measuring and calculating device; Wherein,
The described drill bit that turns to is Directional Drilling, and described positioner comprises position estimation unit and input unit, and described harvester comprises sensor, record cell and transmission unit, and described measuring and calculating device comprises receiving element, control module and computing unit;
Described in described positioner control, turn to drilling depth and the position of drill bit, and control and throw in described harvester; Described measuring and calculating device receives the parameter of described harvester collection and carries out analysis and calculation, definitely the state of stress and tunnel relaxation zone.
2. equipment as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described Directional Drilling comprises rig, drilling rod and drill bit, and wherein, described drilling rod pierces after designated depth in a first direction can be to second direction deflection, and drive described drill bit in second direction, to continue boring.
3. equipment as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, described second direction is vertical with described first direction.
4. equipment as claimed in claim 2 or claim 3, is characterized in that, described first direction is horizontal direction, and described second direction is vertical direction.
5. equipment as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, described drill bit also can install reamer additional.
6. equipment as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the combination that described sensor is multiple sensors.
7. equipment as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described harvester also comprises hydraulic system.
8. equipment as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, harvester also comprises visual element, and described visual element is mobile layout in described tunnel.
9. an earth stress measuring method, is characterized in that, described method comprises step:
Estimation test position, turns to drill bit to pierce designated depth in rock mass body, and carries out directed reaming to test position;
Throw in sensor at described test position;
Gather the geostatic stress value of three directions, and obtain stress-strain, the strain-time graph of relaxation zone off-load; The geostatic stress that accurately record collects and the relevant parameter of relaxation zone also implement to be transferred to measuring and calculating device;
Receive parameter and also carry out analysis and calculation, the distribution of stress, size and Orientation definitely, and the diffusion velocity of the relaxation zone in tunnel, Diffusion Law.
10. method as claimed in claim 9, it is characterized in that, described method also comprises step: adopt hydraulic system to carry out decompression rate control according to default unloading range, simulate the impact that the Unloading Effect of different rock body types in roadway excavation process cause and gather corresponding parameter.
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| CN201410036347.1A CN103790582A (en) | 2014-01-26 | 2014-01-26 | Geostress measuring device and method |
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Cited By (7)
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| CN109577971A (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2019-04-05 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Detecting earth stress device and test method |
| CN110107306A (en) * | 2019-03-16 | 2019-08-09 | 重庆大学 | The hot broken rock method of disposal of boulder in a kind of shield-tunneling construction |
| CN110374584A (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2019-10-25 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of tunnel relaxation zone and the area visualization detection method that leaks out that drills |
| CN110440964A (en) * | 2018-05-04 | 2019-11-12 | 中国地震局地质研究所 | Method, system and the device changed using temperature observation crustal stress |
| CN113008125A (en) * | 2021-02-25 | 2021-06-22 | 安徽省交通控股集团有限公司 | Tunnel surrounding rock internal deformation monitoring method |
| CN114215503A (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2022-03-22 | 中煤科工开采研究院有限公司 | Equipment and method for testing roadway surrounding rock loosening ring |
| CN117189092A (en) * | 2023-08-16 | 2023-12-08 | 中国矿业大学 | Soft rock ground stress testing method based on drilling cuttings particle size distribution |
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| CN114215503A (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2022-03-22 | 中煤科工开采研究院有限公司 | Equipment and method for testing roadway surrounding rock loosening ring |
| CN117189092A (en) * | 2023-08-16 | 2023-12-08 | 中国矿业大学 | Soft rock ground stress testing method based on drilling cuttings particle size distribution |
| CN117189092B (en) * | 2023-08-16 | 2024-04-09 | 中国矿业大学 | Soft rock ground stress testing method based on drilling cuttings particle size distribution |
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Inventor after: Zheng Mengyu Inventor after: Meng Da Inventor after: Dai Chenggang Inventor after: Meng Xiangchong Inventor before: Zheng Mengyu Inventor before: Meng Da Inventor before: Dai Chenggang Inventor before: Meng Xiangchong Inventor before: Yi Ruixiang |
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