CN103777455B - Spherical immersion 3 D displaying method based on light field splicing and system - Google Patents
Spherical immersion 3 D displaying method based on light field splicing and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN103777455B CN103777455B CN201410064010.1A CN201410064010A CN103777455B CN 103777455 B CN103777455 B CN 103777455B CN 201410064010 A CN201410064010 A CN 201410064010A CN 103777455 B CN103777455 B CN 103777455B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of spherical immersion three-dimensional display system based on light field splicing, generate and control module including image, array of rear-projectors and ball curtain diffuser screen, image generates and the three dimensional display scene of required display is resolved to a series of image primitive needed for radius sensing centre of sphere direction projection by control module, and compression coding, by image split screen control module, each projector is distributed in each subimage transmission after coding pressure bag, projector projects image onto ball curtain two on diffuser screen, light is after two to scattering, it is positioned at the fine and smooth stereoscopic three-dimensional scene that the observer of ball curtain just can be observed to have binocular parallax.Present invention also offers a kind of spherical immersion 3 D displaying method based on light field splicing.The system structure of the spheroid immersion based on light field splicing of the present invention can realize the three-dimensional scenic effect around observer, enhances the sense of reality of three-dimensional scenic.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to dimension display technologies field, particularly to a kind of immersion three dimensional display side based on splicing light field
Method and system.
Background technology
Along with the development of modern science and technology, people obtain the channel of information and enrich constantly, it is thus achieved that quantity of information the most continuous
Improve.Obtaining mode compared to other, visually-perceptible is considered as again one of people's most important channel obtaining information, therefore
The research of Display Technique is the most increasingly paid attention to by educational circles.Compared to traditional two dimension display, three dimensional display is provided that more straight
The visual experience of sight, the scene of more rich details, more representability, can be widely used in many industries, be
The development trend of following Display Technique.
At present, non-holographic dimension display technologies is generally divided into: stereoscopic dimension display technologies, from stereoscopic dimension display technologies,
Body dimension display technologies, light field dimension display technologies.Body three dimensional display and stereoscopic three dimensional display have preferably display to set at present
Standby occur, but display device based on both approaches depends on greatly rotating screen and meets the demand of full visual angle viewing, institute
Relative complex with display device structure, cost is the highest.Traditional integration imaging dimension display technologies is then at view number, image string
Disturbing, there is a lot of problem needing to solve in the aspect such as the viewing area degree of depth and size.
At present, the plane having been developed over or the 3 D displaying method of the splicing light field of cylinder the most tentatively realize three-dimensional vertical
Body shows.The patent documentation of such as Publication No. CN101819375A discloses a kind of total parallax three-dimensional display device.It includes
Projector array, orthogonal cylindrical grating screen, orthogonal cylindrical grating screen includes the first cylindrical grating, the second cylindrical grating, puts successively
The projector array put, orthogonal cylindrical grating screen, projector array is to orthogonal cylindrical grating screen projection picture, orthogonal cylindrical grating
The first cylindrical grating and the grating orientation of the second cylindrical grating in screen are respectively parallel to x-axis and y-axis.It addition, Publication No.
The patent documentation of CN103048866A discloses a kind of suspension type 360-degree light field three-dimensional display device based on flat-panel screens, bag
Include: flat-panel screens array, the first lenslet array, the second lens and the diffuser screen being sequentially placed, wherein flat-panel screens battle array
Row are spliced by some flat-panel screens, and each flat-panel screens is for showing its of one week 360 ° of each subimage of three dimensional object
A middle part, i.e. one subimage sequence, each subimage, the first battery of lens battle array in the image sequence that flat-panel screens array shows
Each first battery of lens and each viewpoint one_to_one corresponding of observation area in row.Said apparatus is limited to the structure of system and device, three-dimensional article
Body is away from observer.
Summary of the invention
Present invention is primarily targeted at one autgmentability of structure strong, have be immersed in three-dimensional scenic surrounding effect based on
The spherical immersion three-dimensional display apparatus of splicing light field, the demand of many people various visual angles viewing in meeting spheroid；Spherical screen simultaneously
The structure of curtain can realize observer and is immersed in the effect of three-dimensional scenic, meet many people simultaneously, from various visual angles, touch, body can face it
The viewing demand in border.
Present invention also offers a kind of spherical immersion 3 D displaying method based on light field splicing, the method processes letter
Single, when needing the scene of three dimensional display to utilize the method to show, realism is higher, decreases in conventional three-dimensional display packing simultaneously
The sense tired out that discontinuously brings of visual angle.
A kind of spherical immersion three-dimensional display system based on light field splicing, including: array of rear-projectors, ball curtain diffuser screen,
And image generates and control module；
Described ball curtain diffuser screen is used for showing stereoscopic three-dimensional scene, is viewing area in ball curtain diffuser screen；
Described image generates and control module is according to the mapping relations of planar two dimensional coordinate Yu Spatial Sphere coordinate system, need to
The scene wanting three dimensional display is resolved in spherical coordinate system from two-dimensional coordinate system, obtains a series of along radius of a ball sensing centre of sphere direction throwing
The image primitive of shadow；Then by image primitive coding pressure wrap, transmit, decompress after distribute in array of rear-projectors each projector；
Described array of rear-projectors is arranged around ball curtain diffuser screen periphery, and its drop shadow spread can cover the scattering of whole ball curtain
Screen, every projector optical axis is directed to the ball curtain diffuser screen centre of sphere；The image primitive of reception is projected to ball curtain by array of rear-projectors simultaneously
On diffuser screen, light, after two to scattering, is positioned at the observer of ball curtain and just can be observed to have the fine and smooth of binocular parallax
Stereoscopic three-dimensional scene.
As preferably, described array of rear-projectors is N shell annular array, N shell annular array along ball curtain diffuser screen same in
Axis is axial arranged, and each layer is uniformly distributed with the difference of latitude interval of waiting of 180o/N,
And every projector distance ball curtain diffuser screen is apart from equal；Wherein N is natural number, and:
(girth/the one projector of ball curtain diffuser screen.Projected picture longitudinal size).
Above-mentioned array of rear-projectors typically byPlatform projector is constituted, miRepresent i-th layer of number of projectors.Projector is usual
For projectors such as LCD, LCOS, DLP, it is used for providing the projection picture that on ball curtain diffuser screen, each subelement region is corresponding.Institute
Number of plies N of the array of rear-projectors stated is typically greater than the natural number of 3, it is ensured that the drop shadow spread of array of rear-projectors can cover whole ball
Curtain diffuser screen, it is to avoid shadow region occurs, affects the display effect of three-dimensional scenic.In described monolayer annular array, Mei Yitai
The relatively spherical longitude range of projector elementary area on ball curtain diffuser screen is θ 1, and θ 1 is a low-angle, and mi
Being worth the biggest, θ 1 is the least, and the three-dimensional scene images seen at viewing area is the finest and the smoothest.If monolayer annular array there being mi platform project
Instrument, then mi×θ1=360 °, and projector is spacedly distributed, the optical axis of projector points to the centre of sphere.
As further preferably, in described N shell annular array, topmost one layer of projector is positioned at latitude,
Bottom one layer of projector is positioned at latitude
Described ball curtain diffuser screen is the directional diffuser screen of transmission-type, to incident illumination globally warp bearing of trend wide-angle
Scattering, along parallel bearing of trend small angle scattering.
As preferred scheme, the described some sub-directional diffuser screen of ball curtain directional diffuser screen carry out spherical being spliced.
On the basis of this technical scheme, for realizing the splicing of various ways ball curtain, one further preferred version is: described son is fixed
It is symmetrical structure to the edge of diffuser screen, is made up of two symmetrical circular arcs.Now, sub-directional diffuser screen is similar Folium Salicis Babylonicae shape
Sub-directional diffuser screen.The longitude range of θ 2, Folium Salicis Babylonicae shape that q sheet is equal on every a piece of Folium Salicis Babylonicae shape directional diffuser screen correspondence ball curtain
Directional diffuser screen, and q × θ2=360 °, it is achieved ball curtain diffuser screen 360 ° seamless spliced.As another kind with the most preferably
Scheme, described ball curtain directional diffuser screen can also have multiple regular polygon to be spliced.Described sub-directional diffuser screen is just
The mixing of the one or two kinds of in pentagon, regular hexagon.Such as, 12 equilateral regular pentagons it is spliced, is spelling
When connecing regular pentagon, different regular pentagon subregions all meets on ball curtain, weft direction transmission, and warp direction wide-angle dissipates
Penetrate.Ball curtain directional diffuser screen can also be formed by 12 equilateral regular pentagons and 20 equilateral regular hexagonal splicings, different
Regular pentagon subregion all meet on ball curtain, weft direction transmission, warp direction large angle scattering.The invention provides many
Planting the joining method of the regular polygon of ball curtain diffuser screen, polygon connecting method meets Euler's formula: V-E+F=2, i.e. (fixed point-
Limit+face=2).
Described image generates and control module is by computer and coupled image split screen control module, described
Image split screen control module is made up of the image split screen device of the most multistage connection；Described computer is by the field of three dimensional display
Scape resolves to a series of image primitive pointing in the spherical coordinate system needed for centre of sphere direction projection along ball curtain diffuser screen radius, passes through
After multi-level images split screen device, it is distributed into the subgraph pixel mated with number of projectors, finally subgraph pixel is defeated by each throwing
Shadow instrument.Described image split screen device is mainly by DVI interface, DVI decoding circuit, FPGA(Field Programmable Gate
Array, field programmable gate array), D/A converting circuit composition.Described computer passes through DVI interface output image signal,
Through DVI decoding circuit, picture signal is solved rgb signal and the row field sync signal of 24 bit wides, through FPGA, 3 tunnel digital-to-analogue conversions
Circuit, DVI interface, output image signal.
For realizing Dynamic Announce, image generates and control module is in addition to having transmission distribution diagram picture effect, in addition it is also necessary to right
The refreshing of the image of each projector carries out Synchronization Control, it is ensured that dynamic video show during the synchronization brush of image
Newly.
The present invention also provides for a kind of spherical immersion 3 D displaying method based on light field splicing, including:
(1) according to the mapping relations of planar two dimensional coordinate Yu Spatial Sphere coordinate system, it would be desirable to the scene of three dimensional display is from two
Dimension coordinate system is resolved in spherical coordinate system, obtains a series of image primitive pointing to centre of sphere direction projection along the radius of a ball；
(2) according to form and the feature of each image primitive, to image primitive coding pressure bag；
(3) after the image primitive transmission after coding pressure bag, decompression, each throwing is distributed to by image split screen control module
Shadow instrument；
(4) image primitive of reception is projected on ball curtain diffuser screen by projector, and light, after two to scattering, is positioned at ball curtain
Interior observer just can be observed the fine and smooth stereoscopic three-dimensional scene with binocular parallax.
The space three-dimensional that the present invention can build one, and expansion is strong, cost is controlled, have a biggest field range shows
Device, and meet observer and be immersed in display space the demand of (" on the spot in person ").Have an advantage in that and can occur in sphere
Watching the 3-D view suspension effect of concrete fine and smooth sphere broadwise parallax before directional scattering screen, three-dimensional scenic is surrounded on
Observer.Fine and smooth interval, visual angle, can bring the continuous three-dimensional perception without saltus step to observer, during minimizing conventional three-dimensional shows
The sense tired out that visual angle is discontinuously brought, immersion three-dimensional imaging enhances the realism of observer " on the spot in person ".Utilize simultaneously
The mode of modularity multi-screen splicing realizes the extension of spherical immersion three-dimensional display space, can be used for exhibition room three-dimensional display, military affairs
The fields such as scenario simulation, immersion 3D movie theatre.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of spherical immersion three-dimensional display apparatus schematic diagram based on light field splicing.
Fig. 2 is that the image of device described in Fig. 1 generates and control module schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the longitudinal sectional drawing of device described in Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is the transverse cross-sectional view of device described in Fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is in device described in Fig. 1, the schematic diagram being dislocatedly distributed of different layers projected array.
Fig. 6 is the spliced map of the ball curtain diffuser screen in device described in Fig. 1.
Fig. 7 be the ball curtain diffuser screen in device described in Fig. 1 two to scattering schematic diagram.
Fig. 8 be in device described in Fig. 1 ball curtain diffuser screen scatter incident light later light field splicing schematic diagram.
Detailed description of the invention
Describe the present invention in detail below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, but summary of the invention is not limited only to this.
Such as Fig. 1, a kind of spherical immersion three-dimensional display apparatus based on light field splicing, including: array of rear-projectors 1, ball curtain
Diffuser screen 2, image generate and control module 3.
Array of rear-projectors 1 is typically made up of N shell annular array, and every layer of annular array includes mi projector, total mi×N
Platform projector is constituted, and projector is usually the projectors such as LCD, LCOS, DLP, is used for providing each height list on ball curtain diffuser screen
The projection picture that unit region is corresponding.The effect of ball curtain diffuser screen 2 is to be carried out by the projection picture of the projector in array of rear-projectors 1
Two to scattering, i.e. along weft direction transmission or low-angle alpha scattering (generally less than equal to 6 °), along warp direction wide-angle γ (γ
>=60 °) scattering.Image generates and control module 3, is made up of, by a computer computer and image split screen control module
Carry out coordinate transform, the scene of required three dimensional display is resolved to a series of institute pointing to centre of sphere O direction projection along the radius of a ball
Image primitive in the spherical coordinate system needed.In actual application, array of rear-projectors outside ball curtain is set according to actual needs
Number of plies N(N > 3, for natural number), it is ensured that the drop shadow spread of array of rear-projectors can cover whole ball curtain diffuser screen 2.Monolayer circular array
In row, the relatively spherical longitude range of each projector elementary area on ball curtain diffuser screen 2 is θ1, θ1It it is one
Low-angle, and miIt is worth the biggest, θ1The least, the three-dimensional scene images seen at viewing area 4 is the finest and the smoothest.If in monolayer annular array
There is miPlatform projector, then mi×θ1>=360 °, and projector is spacedly distributed.Different monolayer projector dislocation are arranged.
As in figure 2 it is shown, the image of a kind of spherical immersion three-dimensional display apparatus based on light field splicing generates and controls mould
Block schematic diagram.Image generates and control module 3 is made up of computer 5 and image split screen control module, image split screen control module
It is made up of the image split screen device 6 of the most multistage connection；By computer, the three dimensional display scene of required display is resolved to
Image primitive in a series of spherical coordinate systems needed for radius sensing centre of sphere O direction projection, and compression coding, by image split screen
Each subimage transmission after coding pressure bag is distributed to each projector by control module.Image generates and control module is except tool
Have outside transmission distribution diagram picture effect, in addition it is also necessary to the refreshing to the image of each projector carries out Synchronization Control, it is ensured that dynamic
The synchronous refresh of image in state video display process.Stand in the observer of viewing area 4 in ball curtain it will be seen that 3 D stereo field
Scape, and along with self rotation, movement, it is seen that objects different in scene.
Image split screen device is by DVI interface, DVI decoding circuit, FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array, existing
Field programmable gate array), D/A converting circuit composition.Computer is 2400*1800's by DVI interface output resolution ratio
T.M.D.S picture signal, through DVI decoding circuit, solves rgb signal and the row field sync signal of 24 bit wides by T.M.D.S signal,
Through FPGA, 3 way analog conversion circuits, DVI interface, output resolution ratio is the image of 800*1800.The image of computer, through too much
After level image split screen device, image is defeated by each projector.
As it is shown on figure 3, the longitudinal sectional drawing of a kind of spherical immersion three-dimensional display apparatus based on light field splicing.This enforcement
The projection that number of plies N=6 of the array of rear-projectors of example, the level arrangement of the projected array that lower semisphere curtain is peripheral and episphere curtain are peripheral
The arrangement of array is symmetrical about spheroid equatorial plane.If upper limit is to the level number difference of the monolayer annular array of lower limit
For: m1、m2、m3、m4、m5, m6, the i.e. topmost numbered m1 of single projected array, the bottom numbered m of single projected array6, point
Be not positioned at 75 ° of latitude, 45 °, 15 ° ,-15 ° ,-45 °, at-75 °.The projected image area of each layer projected array all with adjacent throwing
The projected image area coincident of shadow pattern matrix, i.e. m1Projected image area lower limb and m2Projected image area top edge
Coincidence, m2Projected image area lower limb and m3Projected image area top edge overlaps ... by that analogy, it is achieved that different levels
The projected image area of projected array seamless spliced, and m1、m6Projected array, the projection of each projector is as district
Territory all comprises the limit at respective place.In this embodiment, each layer of projector dislocation is arranged.Multilamellar projector presses Fig. 3 arrangement,
Achieve the image of many projected array projection at ball curtain diffuser screen without blind spot, seamless spliced.
As shown in Figure 4, the transverse cross-sectional view of a kind of spherical immersion three-dimensional display apparatus based on light field splicing.This is real
Execute in example, the ball curtain corresponding to each projector orthographic projection be central angle be θ1Arc area, each monolayer annular array
Number of projectors be respectively 96,264,360,360,264,96.The image of each projector has coincidence, multiple projections
Instrument projected light line each point in ball curtain diffuser screen, just produces binocular parallax when observer watches, form stereopsis
Feeling, observer moves in ball curtain region, rotates, just can be appreciated that the different piece in three-dimensional scenic, will produce and immerse and three
The sensation of dimension scene.
As it is shown in figure 5, in a kind of spherical immersion three-dimensional display apparatus based on light field splicing, different layers annular array
The schematic diagram being dislocatedly distributed.Fig. 5 is with m1、m2、m3As a example by 9 adjacent projectors adjacent in three layers, m1In adjacent two throwings
The spacing of shadow instrument A, B is l, m2Projector C and m1In the spacing along weft direction of projector A be l/3, m3In projection
Instrument D and m2The spacing along weft direction of projector C be l/3, m1Middle projector B and m3In the spacing of projector D be l/3.
Being dislocatedly distributed of projector so that in light field, light distribution is more uniform, it is to avoid shadow striped.
As shown in Figure 6, the splicing of the ball curtain diffuser screen of a kind of spherical immersion three-dimensional display apparatus based on light field splicing
Figure.In this embodiment, ball curtain directional diffuser screen is formed by multi-disc Folium Salicis Babylonicae shape subregion screen splicing, every a piece of Folium Salicis Babylonicae Zhuan Zi district
θ on the screen correspondence ball curtain of territory2Longitude range, the Folium Salicis Babylonicae shape directional diffuser screen that q sheet is equal, and q × θ2=360 °, it is achieved ball curtain
Diffuser screen 360 ° seamless spliced.This embodiment q=12, Folium Salicis Babylonicae shape sub-screen be both sides be the circular arc of radius R=1.5m, center
Width Delta d=0.786m, geometry substantially symmetrical about its central axis.
As it is shown in fig. 7, a kind of based on light field splicing spherical immersion three-dimensional display apparatus ball curtain diffuser screen two to
Scattering schematic diagram.The light of projector is incident from side, and after diffuser screen, light dissipates along warp bearing of trend wide-angle
Penetrate, along parallel bearing of trend small angle scattering.If incidence point is zero O ', pointing to centre of sphere direction is Z axis, ball curtain diffuser screen
When expanding into Folium Salicis Babylonicae shape concatenation module, warp bearing of trend is X-axis, and parallel bearing of trend is Y-axis.Described ball curtain diffuser screen is i.e.
Being formed to the in-plane scatter screen splicing of scattering properties by two, this two dissipates to in-plane scatter screen symmetrical low-angle in YO ' Z plane
Penetrate, symmetrical large angle scattering in XO ' Z face, it is achieved that to the two of incident ray to scattering so that observer is in viewing area
Observe in viewing area that there is binocular parallax, fine and smooth three-dimensional scenic.
As shown in Figure 8, a kind of spherical immersion three-dimensional display apparatus based on light field splicing, the scattering incidence of ball curtain diffuser screen
The light field splicing schematic diagram that light is later.Minimum dashed rectangle unit represents projector light after ball curtain two is to diffuser screen
Field scope, narrow limit represents that, along the light field scope after weft direction small angle scattering, broadside represents along longitudinal large angle scattering
After light field scope, projector dislocation layout make each sub-light field dislocation splicing, laterally realize the uniformity of light field.The most sub-light field
After splicing, define the three-dimensional scenic of suspension in diffuser screen viewing area side.
Claims (10)
1. a spherical immersion three-dimensional display system based on light field splicing, it is characterised in that including: array of rear-projectors, ball
Curtain diffuser screen and image generate and control module；
Described ball curtain diffuser screen is used for showing stereoscopic three-dimensional scene, is viewing area in ball curtain diffuser screen；
Described image generates and control module is according to the mapping relations of planar two dimensional coordinate Yu Spatial Sphere coordinate system, it would be desirable to three
The scene of dimension display is resolved in spherical coordinate system from two-dimensional coordinate system, obtains a series of pointing to centre of sphere direction projection along the radius of a ball
Image primitive；Then by image primitive coding pressure wrap, transmit, decompress after distribute in array of rear-projectors each projector；
Described array of rear-projectors is arranged around ball curtain diffuser screen periphery, and its drop shadow spread can cover whole ball curtain diffuser screen, often
Platform projector optical axis is directed to the ball curtain diffuser screen centre of sphere；The image primitive of reception is projected to ball curtain diffuser screen by array of rear-projectors simultaneously
On, light, after two to scattering, is positioned at the solid three that the observer of ball curtain diffuser screen just can be observed to have binocular parallax
Dimension scene.
Spherical immersion three-dimensional display system based on light field splicing the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described
Array of rear-projectors be N shell annular array, N shell annular array is axial arranged along the same axis of ball curtain diffuser screen, each layer with
The difference of latitude interval of waiting of 180 °/N is uniformly distributed, and every projector distance ball curtain diffuser screen is apart from equal；Wherein N is nature
Number, and:
Spherical immersion three-dimensional display system based on light field splicing the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that described
N shell annular array in, topmost one layer of projector is positioned at latitudeBottom one layer of projector is positioned at latitude
Spherical immersion three-dimensional display system based on light field splicing the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described
Ball curtain diffuser screen be the directional diffuser screen of transmission-type, to incident illumination globally warp bearing of trend large angle scattering, along parallel
Bearing of trend small angle scattering.
Spherical immersion three-dimensional display system based on light field splicing the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described
Ball curtain diffuser screen carried out spherical being spliced by some sub-directional diffuser screen.
Spherical immersion three-dimensional display system based on light field splicing the most according to claim 5, it is characterised in that described
The edge of sub-directional diffuser screen be symmetrical structure, be made up of two symmetrical circular arcs.
Spherical immersion three-dimensional display system based on light field splicing the most according to claim 5, it is characterised in that described
The mixing that sub-directional diffuser screen is the one or two kinds of in regular pentagon, regular hexagon.
Spherical immersion three-dimensional display system based on light field splicing the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described
Image generate and control module be made up of computer and coupled image split screen control module, described image split screen
Control module is made up of the image split screen device of the most multistage connection；The scene of three dimensional display is resolved to by described computer
Image primitive in a series of spherical coordinate systems needed for ball curtain diffuser screen radius sensing centre of sphere direction projection, through multi-level images
After split screen device, it is distributed into the subgraph pixel mated with number of projectors, finally subgraph pixel is defeated by each projector.
Described spherical immersion three-dimensional display system based on light field splicing the most according to claim 1, its feature exists
Generate and control module refreshing to the image of each projector simultaneously carries out Synchronization Control in, described image, protect
Demonstrate,prove the synchronous refresh of image during dynamic video shows.
10. a spherical immersion 3 D displaying method based on light field splicing, it is characterised in that including:
(1) according to the mapping relations of planar two dimensional coordinate Yu Spatial Sphere coordinate system, it would be desirable to the scene of three dimensional display is sat from two dimension
Mark system is resolved in spherical coordinate system, obtains a series of image primitive pointing to centre of sphere direction projection along the radius of a ball；
(2) according to form and the feature of each image primitive, to image primitive coding pressure bag；
(3) after the image primitive transmission after coding pressure bag, decompression, each projector is distributed to by image split screen control module；
(4) image primitive of reception is projected on ball curtain diffuser screen by projector, and light, after two to scattering, is positioned at the scattering of ball curtain
Observer in screen just can be observed the stereoscopic three-dimensional scene with binocular parallax.
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| CN201410064010.1A CN103777455B (en) | 2014-02-25 | 2014-02-25 | Spherical immersion 3 D displaying method based on light field splicing and system |
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