CN103762842A - Adaptive compensation ramp generator - Google Patents

Adaptive compensation ramp generator Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103762842A
CN103762842A CN201310602370.8A CN201310602370A CN103762842A CN 103762842 A CN103762842 A CN 103762842A CN 201310602370 A CN201310602370 A CN 201310602370A CN 103762842 A CN103762842 A CN 103762842A
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voltage
equal
less
produces
signal
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不公告发明人
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Suzhou Baker Microelectronics Co Ltd
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Suzhou Baker Microelectronics Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention relates to an adaptive compensation ramp generator that applies a direct-current mode to a direct-current converter. In the circuit, a compensation ramp signal is generated in a switching regulator; and the switching regulator is sensitive to an unadjusted input voltage and provides an adjusted output voltage. The circuit includes a detection resistor, an energy storage device containing an inductor, and an amplification device having a predetermined gain (A). According to the invention, necessary ramps are generated in the whole input-output voltage ranged and the adjustable frequency system frequency range of the direct-current/direct-current converter; and the amplitude and inclination of the compensation ramp signal can be optimized. And under the current limiting condition, the maximum effective current can be obtained.

Description

A kind of adaptive equalization ramp generator
Technical field
The present invention relates to one compensation slope, more specifically, the present invention has about adaptive equalization ramp generator, for direct current pattern to DC converter.
Background technology
When reference voltage is crossing with current detection voltage, compensation slope changes gradient.DC-to-DC (DC/DC) converter of traditional Controlled in Current Mode and Based is operated in higher than 50% duty ratio, need a compensation ramp signal being superimposed upon on current detection signal, this signal is used as controlling parameter, avoids " open-loop unstable " or " subharmonic oscillation ".
For fear of subharmonic oscillation, when conducting, the gradient of current detection voltage
Figure 2013106023708100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
must be greater than the gradient of reflection
Figure 284201DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
, reflection gradient is the variation of end amplitude He its beginning amplitude when next cycle starts of current detection voltage, divided by opening time,
Figure 215248DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
conventionally be less than
Figure 343479DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
one is greater than 50% duty ratio.Therefore in order to make
Figure 18174DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
be greater than
Figure 416925DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
, a ramp signal with extra gradient is added on this current detection signal.
In the past, compensation ramp signal passes through the oscillator timing signal of expanding system, and it is added on current detection voltage or it and is removed from the output voltage of error amplifier.The necessary gradient of compensation ramp signal depends on the value of input and output voltage with the inductor using of DC to DC converter.In transformer coupled system, this necessary gradient also depends on the turn ratio of transformer.
The gradient that legacy system arranges ramp signal adapts to the condition under worst case: maximum output voltage (only at variable voltage output system) and minimum input voltage.The condition that adapts to worst case by design gradient, in normal working conditions, the amplitude on this gradient and slope is higher than required amplitude.For example, in wide input range system, this amplitude conventionally than for the required amplitude of stability high two or three times.
Compensation ramp signal has excessive gradient two main shortcomings.The first, system maximum available output power is restricted; Slope is steeper, under current restriction, just has lower effective current amount.The second, the phase margin of amplitude control loop reduces.
The invention provides a circuit, this circuit in the switching regulator of this type, produce one compensation ramp signal, switching regulator to unadjusted input voltage (
Figure 2013106023708100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
) sensitivity, and provide an output voltage regulating (
Figure 113615DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
).This circuit comprise one detect resistance (
Figure 2013106023708100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
), this resistance provides a signal, and this signal is proportional with the electric current that flows through switching regulator; The energy storage equipment that contains an inductance (L); There is the amplifying device of predetermined gain (A), be used for amplifying the signal from detecting resistance.This signal is used to the operation of control switch pressurizer.
This compensation ramp circuit comprises, produces the device of a compensation ramp voltage signal, this signal have gradient (
Figure 729142DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
), this gradient meets equation >(A*
Figure 523103DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
-B*
Figure 232171DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
) * C, wherein A≤1, B≤1, C is a constant, it depends on R, L and the magnetic coupling parameter relevant to energy storage equipment.Circuit comprises device, and this device is the compensation ramp voltage stack fool who produces from detecting on the signal of resistance, and like this, the stability of switching regulator can be guaranteed.
Parameter A, B, C chooses according to the type of switching regulator.At preferred version, for generation of thering is gradient
Figure 898775DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
the device of compensation ramp signal comprise, to the device of output voltage sensitivity, provide first signal, this signal and the output voltage result after divided by the first preset value equates; To the device of input voltage sensitivity, secondary signal is provided, this signal and the input voltage result after divided by the second preset value equates; Also have a device, its produce one to the proportional signal of difference of the first secondary signal.
Summary of the invention
Amplitude and gradient that a main purpose of the present invention is Optimization Compensation ramp signal, under limiting condition, can obtain maximum effective current.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an adaptive equalization ramp generator, and it has an outside spreading resistance, in the whole input and output voltage scope of DC to DC converter and the frequency range of adjustable frequency system, produces necessary slope.
Another object of the present invention is to adopt the fixing spreading resistance in inside in fixed frequency system and applicable inductor in limited range.
Technical solution of the present invention:
In the declarative procedure of following preferred version of the present invention, these objects and further object, and advantage of the present invention will get across.
Contrast patent documentation: CN200956562Y phase compensator 200620131372.9 for AC induction motor controller
Accompanying drawing explanation:
Fig. 1 is the theory diagram of conventional buck DC to DC converter, and this converter has a compensation ramp generator;
Fig. 2 is the sequential chart of circuit diagram in corresponding diagram 1;
Fig. 3 is the circuit diagram of buck converter in Fig. 1, the compensation ramp generator circuit that it contains a traditional fixed elevation;
Fig. 4 is the circuit diagram of ramp generator of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is another circuit diagram for the ramp generator of dc/dc boost converter of the present invention;
Fig. 6 a is another circuit diagram for the ramp generator of DC-DC buck converter of the present invention;
Fig. 6 b is the circuit diagram of another DC-DC buck converter, similar to Fig. 6 a, and Fig. 6 b has shown an error voltage source;
Fig. 7 is the block diagram of the DC-DC flyback converter that contains ramp generator of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the block diagram of the DC-DC buck-boost converter that contains ramp generator of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is the block diagram of the DC-DC forward converter that contains ramp generator of the present invention;
Figure 10 is also the circuit diagram of another ramp generator of the present invention.
Embodiment:
About Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, Fig. 1 is the theory diagram of current-mode step-down (or progressively reducing) DC to DC converter 10, and this converter is operated in and exceedes 50% duty ratio, and contains a compensation ramp generator 12.Fig. 2 is the sequential chart corresponding with circuit 10 in Fig. 1.Fig. 2 c has illustrated and has passed through resistance
Figure 915273DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
the gradient of current detection signal
Figure 849469DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
gradient with reflection
Figure 496482DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
,
Figure 384803DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
both end voltage is
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
.A DC to DC converter has the signal of specific DC level to be transformed into another DC level one.Buck converter 10 comprises a mains switch 14, and it can be a field-effect transistor; Detect resistance be connected to input voltage source
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
and between mains switch 14; A slope spreading resistance
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
, be connected to resistance
Figure 311138DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
and between switch 14, voltage
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
resistance
Figure 129052DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
the voltage drop at two ends,
Figure 504670DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
there is gradient ; Current amplifier
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
,
Figure 174555DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
and voltage
Figure 83342DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
it is its input; Filter assemblies 16, is connected to mains switch and load
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
between.Filter assemblies 16 comprises capacitor
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
, inductance L and diode D.Output voltage
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
an input at error amplifier 11 is provided.Error amplifier 11 is by an amplifier
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
composition, amplifier
Figure 315566DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
Figure 178480DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
with reference voltage
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
relatively.
Flow through the electric current of mains switch 14
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
(Fig. 2 is b) by resistance detect.The electric current detecting is used to disconnecting power switch 14.Resistance measurement has gradient
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
compensation ramp voltage , and much larger than detect resistance (
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE042
).
System clock 18 or oscillator, provide a clock pulse (Fig. 2 a) give master flip-flop FF40, within each cycle, actuating switch 14.Picture Fig. 2 a, 2b, what in 2c, illustrate is the same, clock pulse make switch 14 conductings, cause electric current to flow through switch
Figure 621072DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
and resistance
Figure 908965DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
.Voltage
Figure 379042DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
waveform and the waveform mirror image each other of source current.
The also timing signal of receiving system clock 18 of compensation ramp generator 12
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE046
and voltage
Figure 435991DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
with
Figure 999565DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
.Compensation ramp generator 12 produces a compensation ramp signal 21, and this signal has voltage (Fig. 2 with gradient is d) =
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE052
, wherein
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE054
it is the mutual conductance of voltage current transducer 42.
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE056
adjust ramp signal 21 and start transient voltage, voltage current transducer 42 moves horizontally compensation ramp signal until the voltage levvl of input voltage, and produces a compensation ramp signal 43 after moving horizontally.
The voltage of the compensation ramp signal 43 after moving horizontally is
Figure 961705DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
,
Figure 964034DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
it is slope spreading resistance
Figure 203385DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
the voltage drop at two ends.Compensation ramp generator 12 also can use ,
Figure 217924DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE058
, the output signal of trigger 40 and direct current threshold voltage
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE060
produce compensation ramp signal 21, depend on the structure of the compensation ramp generator circuit 12 of employing.
The output signal 15 of error amplifier 11, is input to comparator 13, in comparator 13, this output signal and amplifying signal 23(Fig. 2 g) compared with.Amplifying signal 23 is that switching current detects voltage
Figure 899310DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
with
Figure 665272DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
(Fig. 2 f) after amplifying and
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE062
.When improved current detection signal 23 equals the output signal 15 of error amplifier 11, comparator 13 is exported a comparison signal 17(Fig. 2 h).Comparison signal 17 is input to trigger 40 and replacement trigger 40.
Trigger 40 is exported a drive control signal 40(Fig. 2 i), and this signal is by driving 19 cut-off switch 16.Mention especially Fig. 2 h and Fig. 2 i, when comparison signal 17 is very high, the signal 41 in trigger 44 declines, and switch 14 is just disconnected.Trigger output signal 41 keeps low state until receive next clock pulse
Figure 836228DEST_PATH_IMAGE044
.Thereby the maximum available output power of error amplifier 11 has limited the obtainable maximum current of switch 14 (that is to say, maximum effectively limiting voltage has served as current limit).In most systems, the maximum output voltage of error amplifier is internal limitations, for current limit being set to required value
The condition of the power stability of tradition DC to DC converter is:
≥
Figure 493922DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
-
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE064
1
Wherein
Figure 878505DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
the compensation ramp voltage signal that equals to move horizontally
Figure 784144DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
gradient,
Figure 755642DEST_PATH_IMAGE064
current detection voltage while equaling conducting
Figure 909324DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
gradient,
Figure 712195DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
equal to reflect gradient (during namely conducting, the variation when end amplitude of current detection voltage and next turn-on cycle start between its beginning amplitude, divided by the value obtaining opening time).
The converter of the current-mode to a step-down DC-DC, in gradient formula 1
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE066
be defined as follows:
Figure 788735DEST_PATH_IMAGE064
=
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE068
*
Figure 746065DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
， 2
Figure 933464DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
=
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE070
， 3
Wherein
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE072
the saturation voltage of power field effect pipe,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE074
the voltage of forward biased diode.
Utilize formula 1, the condition of the stability of compensation slope gradient is:
Figure 230322DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
≥
Figure 477763DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
-
Figure 486171DEST_PATH_IMAGE064
= （
Figure 477260DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
-
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE078
+
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE080
）。4
In the high system of frequency,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE082
, therefore, negligible.So
Figure 566308DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
just become:
Figure 477327DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
>（A*
Figure 707451DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
-B*
Figure 502232DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
）*C 5
Wherein A≤1, B≤1, C is a constant, depends on
Figure 196518DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
, L, n(n=
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE086
/
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE088
turn ratio) and
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE090
(primary inductance of the transformer adopting in switching circuit).
Compensation ramp signal 43(Fig. 1 after moving horizontally) in required minimal slope, for the DC to DC converter type of most of Controlled in Current Mode and Based, this gradient can be expressed with the form of formula 5.Especially, for buck converter, booster converter, flyback converter, forward converter and buck-boost converter, the first-selected parameter of formula 5 is summarized as follows:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE092
The gradient on compensation slope
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE093
only have when it is positive number or zero just meaningful.
About Fig. 3, decompression converter circuit 31 and traditional compensation ramp generator circuit 33 are illustrated.The principle of other similar embodiments, refers to and has identical parameters/title.Transistor Q12 and resistance
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE095
realize and in Fig. 1, compensate ramp circuit piece 12 and voltage to power pack 42.In circuit 31,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE096
/
Figure 37960DEST_PATH_IMAGE095
timing signal with oscillator
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE098
gradient, be provided with compensation ramp voltage
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE099
gradient, compensation ramp voltage there is gradient
Figure 394861DEST_PATH_IMAGE093
.Except the compensation ramp voltage producing
Figure 727753DEST_PATH_IMAGE099
have this shortcoming of fixing gradient, circuit 31 has sensitive, because base stage-emitter voltage of transistor Q12 has the temperature coefficient of approximately-0.3%/° K.
About Fig. 4, together with 1, one of form, be used for producing a compensation ramp voltage signal
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE100
adaptive circuit 20, there is minimal slope
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE101
,
Figure 650447DEST_PATH_IMAGE101
=
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE102
, for the type of most of DC to DC converter, this circuit is illustrated.Circuit 20 has produced the best minimal slope that has
Figure 676172DEST_PATH_IMAGE101
compensation ramp signal 21, for the DC to DC converter of particular type, according to form 1, choose constant A, B, C.As long as choose A and B, they can be diversified, like this
Figure 880889DEST_PATH_IMAGE093
just be more than or equal to the required gradient obtaining according to form 1.(namely in order to guarantee the stability of system) C is also diversified and be greater than the value in table 1.But it is far away that the value of A and B departs from preferred value in table 1, the slope of generation is just higher, and the effective current under current limliting is just less, because the maximum output voltage of error amplifier is constant.
Adaptive equalization slope generating circuit 20 comprises two voltage dividers 22,24.First voltage divider 22 dividing potential drop input voltages
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE103
second voltage divider pressure-dividing output voltage
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE104
.For example,, for booster converter
Figure 408951DEST_PATH_IMAGE103
≤
Figure 812251DEST_PATH_IMAGE104
, to buck converter
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE106
.
Input voltage
Figure 445095DEST_PATH_IMAGE103
by the first voltage divider 22 dividing potential drops, voltage divider 22 has the resistance 26,28 of two series connection: first resistance 26 resistances are (1/B-1) * R ohm, and the second resistance 28 resistances are R ohm, and like this, the dividing potential drop on B point is
Figure 137108DEST_PATH_IMAGE103
* B, output voltage
Figure 874120DEST_PATH_IMAGE104
by the second voltage divider 24 dividing potential drops, voltage divider 24 has the resistance 29,30 of two series connection, and first resistance 29 resistances are (1/A-1) * R ohm, and the second resistance 30 resistances are R ohm, and like this, the dividing potential drop on A point is
Figure 335188DEST_PATH_IMAGE104
* A.Dividing potential drop
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE108
b*
Figure 138934DEST_PATH_IMAGE103
as two inputs of voltage-controlled current source 32, this voltage-controlled current source has two inputs and an output 38.
Voltage-controlled current source 32 comprises a buffer amplifier 34, and this amplifier is connected to spreading resistance
Figure 52663DEST_PATH_IMAGE095
with a feedback loop operation amplifier 36, this amplifier is connected to spreading resistance
Figure 593366DEST_PATH_IMAGE095
, between transistor Q and diode D1.Because operational amplifier 36 is feedback loop amplifiers, ideal situation, it is current sinking not, so flow through spreading resistance
Figure 174520DEST_PATH_IMAGE095
electric current be
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE110
=
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE112
.6
The output of current source 38 is connected to capacitor
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE114
, capacitor
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE116
voltage compensation ramp signal gradient
Figure 758954DEST_PATH_IMAGE101
become
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE118
, electric capacity
Figure 425558DEST_PATH_IMAGE116
by the collector current of transistor Q
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE120
charging.If transistor Q has very high β, so
Figure 884134DEST_PATH_IMAGE120
=
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE122
=
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE124
(for example β is approximately 100 or higher).Resistance
Figure 257477DEST_PATH_IMAGE095
control capacitance
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE126
the growth rate (the namely charge rate of electric capacity) of middle voltage.The voltage that the gradient of compensation ramp signal 21 has
Figure 137446DEST_PATH_IMAGE118
be:
Figure 291347DEST_PATH_IMAGE101
= =
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE130
= (A* -B*
Figure 775604DEST_PATH_IMAGE103
) 7
The wherein constant C in formula 5=
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE134
*
Figure 92054DEST_PATH_IMAGE096
.
When each end cycle, electric capacity
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE136
switch S discharge capacity
Figure 467671DEST_PATH_IMAGE116
.Switch S in conducting state until the beginning (when main switch 14 conducting again) of next clock cycle or almost arrive the next clock cycle and go over half.
Electric capacity
Figure 763654DEST_PATH_IMAGE116
, resistance
Figure 604266DEST_PATH_IMAGE095
,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE138
be worth, obtained the essential value of constant C in formula 5.
In formula 7, constant must be more than or equal to according to the value of the constant C of converter in form 1.For example, booster converter,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE140
>
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE141
8
Therefore,
Figure 701404DEST_PATH_IMAGE095
<
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE143
About Fig. 5 and table 1, to DC to DC converter, A or B are 1.Therefore, circuit 20 can abbreviation, by removing buffer amplifier 34 and operational amplifier 36, and with single-transistor Q2 replacement amplifier 36.Compensation slope generating circuit 40 for booster converter is explained at Fig. 5.The ramp generator circuit 40 that boosts depends on the general compensation ramp generator circuit 20 of improved in Fig. 4, and general circuit 20 has been modified, to reflect booster converter A, and B, the preferred value of C.
At this preferred version, for boost converter circuit 40, A approximates 0.5, B and approximates 1, C and approximate 2
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE144
/ L.Booster converter ramp generator circuit 40 contains a voltage-controlled current source 42, and this current source is by two bipolar transistor Q1, and Q2 forms.Transistor Q1 is to output voltage
Figure 502001DEST_PATH_IMAGE104
sensitivity, transistor Q2 is to input voltage
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE146
responsive.At this preferred version, transistor Q1 is PNP transistor, and it is used as an emitter follower.The base stage of transistor Q1 is connected to the first voltage divider 44, and this voltage divider has first resistance
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE148
, its resistance is R ohm,
Figure 37893DEST_PATH_IMAGE148
with the second resistance
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE150
series connection,
Figure 302653DEST_PATH_IMAGE150
resistance is R ohm, and like this, the dividing potential drop that A is ordered is exactly 0.5
Figure 23222DEST_PATH_IMAGE104
.
The emitter of transistor Q1 passes through resistance
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE152
be biased into the first electromotive force
Figure 373432DEST_PATH_IMAGE104
,
Figure 73534DEST_PATH_IMAGE152
resistance is R ohm, guarantees that transistor Q1 is operated in linear work district.The collector electrode of transistor Q1 is connected to ground.
At this preferred version, transistor seconds Q2 is a disjoint set electrode PNP transistor.Two transistorized base stages and emitter link together and also can replace this disjoint set electrode PNP transistor.Circuit 40 is to flowing through many collector electrode C1 of transistor Q2, the sensitive of the electric current of C2.The emitter of transistor Q2 is connected to the emitter of transistor Q1, and like this, the base voltage of transistor Q2 is also 0.5 .A collector electrode of transistor Q2 is connected to its base stage and spreading resistance .
Transistor Q2 is as a current mirror job, because flow through resistance electric current be mirror image and output to electric capacity
Figure 431429DEST_PATH_IMAGE116
.Electric capacity
Figure 405202DEST_PATH_IMAGE116
by switch S, discharge and recharge, produce compensation ramp voltage .
At booster converter, due to B approximate 1, the second voltage divider voltage ratio be 1(namely, voltage divider is unnecessary (not existing)).Therefore voltage
Figure 792375DEST_PATH_IMAGE103
until be supplied to resistance
Figure 896598DEST_PATH_IMAGE095
just by dividing potential drop.Voltage
Figure 990456DEST_PATH_IMAGE103
pass through resistance be connected to transistor Q2.Resistance
Figure 770248DEST_PATH_IMAGE095
, electric capacity the split ratio of two PNP collector electrodes, together with
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE155
with
Figure 829787DEST_PATH_IMAGE096
, obtain the constant C in formula 5.
About Fig. 6 a, illustrated a compensation slope circuit for generating for buck converter 50.In circuit for generating 50 functions of voltage-dropping type compensation slope, be equivalent to the general indemnity ramp circuit 20 in Fig. 4, still, voltage-dropping type compensation ramp circuit object is preferred parameter definite in instruction card 1.Shown in picture table 1, for buck convertor, A approximates 1, B and approximately due to 0.5, C, approximates 2
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE157
.
Buck converter slope circuit for generating 50 is similar to booster converter compensation ramp circuit 40, is that voltage-dropping type slope circuit for generating 50 also has a voltage divider 52, and two bipolar transistor Q3, Q4, an electric capacity and spreading resistance
Figure 205460DEST_PATH_IMAGE095
.But at voltage-dropping type compensation slope circuit for generating 50, the emitter of transistor Q3 is connected to collector electrode and the base stage of transistor Q4.
Voltage divider 52 has the first resistance with the second resistance
Figure 719935DEST_PATH_IMAGE150
, resistance
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE159
series connection, each resistance is R ohm.The first voltage divider 52 is connected to the first electromotive force , the voltage that B is ordered is like this 0.5
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE161
.Therefore, the base voltage of transistor Q3 is 0.5* .The collector electrode of transistor Q3 is connected to
Figure 958782DEST_PATH_IMAGE103
.Resistance
Figure 881738DEST_PATH_IMAGE152
resistance is R ohm, and it guarantees that transistor Q3 is operated in linear work district.In buck converter, A approximates 1, so
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE163
be directly connected to transistor Q4.
At this preferred version, transistor Q4 is disjoint set electrode PNP transistor, and its a collector electrode C2 is connected to the emitter of transistor Q3 and its base stage.As previously mentioned, two transistors also can replace separation collector transistor.Another collector electrode C1 is connected to electric capacity
Figure 627715DEST_PATH_IMAGE116
.The emitter of transistor Q4 is connected to resistance , the emitter of transistor Q3 arranges resistance
Figure 627212DEST_PATH_IMAGE095
and the voltage between the Base-Emitter of transistor Q4.
Transistor Q4, as a diode operation, looks like a shunt in function.It is divided into two equal parts its emitter current
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE165
with
Figure 404675DEST_PATH_IMAGE120
(if C1, the split ratio of C2 is 1/2 to 1/2), resistance
Figure 321554DEST_PATH_IMAGE095
,
Figure 551678DEST_PATH_IMAGE104
be provided with this emitter current with the emitter voltage of transistor Q3.
Figure 346458DEST_PATH_IMAGE165
changed electric capacity
Figure 978428DEST_PATH_IMAGE116
.In this way, owing to flowing through resistance
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE167
by C1, be provided with electric capacity
Figure 66208DEST_PATH_IMAGE116
in electric current.About Fig. 6 b, another is for the compensation slope circuit for generating 100 of buck converter, similar to Fig. 6 a.But the reduction voltage circuit 100 of replacing, explained in equation 4 propose before ignore aspect.Especially, the reduction voltage circuit 100 of replacement comprises error voltage
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE170
, wherein
Figure 986890DEST_PATH_IMAGE170
=
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE172
.Error voltage source
Figure 761860DEST_PATH_IMAGE170
can be by using the metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor realization of connecting with a forward biased diode.
Fig. 7 has illustrated a reverse DC/DC converter 70, and this circuit has a compensation ramp generator 20 of the present invention.Filter assemblies 16 in backward current 70 comprises a transformer 72.This transformer has the number of turn to be
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE174
primary coil and the number of turn be
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE175
secondary coil, n=
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE177
(turn ratio of transformer).In addition, detect resistance refer to ground, the drain electrode of switch 14 is connected to primary inductance, and the source electrode of switch 14 passes through resistance
Figure 559921DEST_PATH_IMAGE179
be connected to ground.As shown in table 1, the compensation slope circuit for generating 20 in flyback converter, during n>1, A approximates 1/n, and when B approximates 1, n<1, A approximates 1, B and approximates n.Circuit 20 can improve for these preferred parameters.
Fig. 8 has illustrated buck DC/DC converter 80, and this circuit contains compensation ramp generator 20 of the present invention.Step-up/step-down circuit 80 is similar to the traditional decompression converter circuit 10 in Fig. 1, but in step-up/step-down circuit 80, inductance and diode transposition.As shown in table 1, for the slope circuit for generating 20 for buck-boost converter, A approximates 1, B and approximates 1, C and approximate
Figure 585646DEST_PATH_IMAGE144
/ L.For these preferred parameters, slope circuit for generating can improve again.
Fig. 9, has illustrated forward dc/DC converter circuit 90, and this circuit contains compensation ramp generator 20 of the present invention.Forward converter circuit 90 is similar to the circuit of Fig. 7, but the filter assemblies 16 of forward circuit 90 is except transformer 92, further comprises that is denoted as an inductance L of 94, and an extra diode D3.At forward circuit 90, detect resistance
Figure 852679DEST_PATH_IMAGE179
be connected to ground, the drain electrode of mains switch 14 is connected to transformer 92.The source electrode of switch 14 also passes through resistance be connected to ground.Transformer turn ratio is n=
Figure 330245DEST_PATH_IMAGE175
/
Figure 25406DEST_PATH_IMAGE174
.As shown in table 1, for the compensation slope circuit for generating 20 of forward dc/DC converter, during n>2, A approximates 2/n, and B approximates 1, C and approximates
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE181
*
Figure 389522DEST_PATH_IMAGE144
/ L, during n<2, A approximates 1, B and approximates n/2, and C approximates 2*n*
Figure 392113DEST_PATH_IMAGE144
/ L.
Figure 10 has illustrated the circuit diagram of another compensation ramp generator circuit 60, and this circuit has the ramp voltage signal 68 of a multiplier and a fixed elevation.The ramp voltage signal 68 of this fixed elevation is produced by oscillator 18, and this oscillator 18 is present in switching regulator circuit 10 together with accumulation of energy timing element, and this accumulation of energy timing element is an electric capacity in preferred version
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE183
.
Multiplier 62 is a difference input multiplier in this preferred version, and it has two difference to input (x1, x2) and (y1, y2), output voltage .Input y1 is equivalent to the ramp voltage signal 65 of this fixed elevation.The gain coefficient D=of multiplier 62
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE185
, wherein
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE187
it is the gradient of the ramp voltage signal 68 of fixed elevation in accumulation of energy timing element.C is the constant C in formula 5.
First pair of multiplier input (x1, x2) is connected respectively to the first voltage divider and the second voltage divider 64,66.First voltage divider 64 dividing potential drop the first current potentials
Figure 329031DEST_PATH_IMAGE104
, it has the resistance of two series connection, and resistance is respectively (1/A-1) * R and R.The dividing potential drop that A is ordered
Figure 508340DEST_PATH_IMAGE104
indicate with x2.
The second voltage divider 66, have two resistance (1/B-1) * R and , for dividing potential drop the second current potential
Figure 794976DEST_PATH_IMAGE103
.Resistance
Figure 395722DEST_PATH_IMAGE148
with
Figure 796748DEST_PATH_IMAGE150
there is substantially equal resistance R ohm.Dividing potential drop on B point
Figure 78824DEST_PATH_IMAGE103
indicate with x1.
The y1 of the second input centering of multiplier is connected to oscillator 18 and the electric capacity in switching regulator circuit 10
Figure 13020DEST_PATH_IMAGE183
.Just as previously discussed, produce constant ramp voltage
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE188
68.Another y2 of the second input centering of multiplier is connected to a DC reference voltage
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE190
, it produces a threshold voltage
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE192
.Along with voltage
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE194
, instantaneous can being conditioned of beginning on compensation slope.
Figure 984573DEST_PATH_IMAGE190
value be less than or equal substantially the ramp voltage of multiplier output
Figure 804761DEST_PATH_IMAGE116
mean value.
Resistance
Figure 94928DEST_PATH_IMAGE095
be the gain adjusting resistance of multiplier 62, constant C be set to suitable value.Multiplier 62 is got the poor of the difference of (x1, x2) input and (y1, y2) input, and they is multiplied by gain coefficient D, produces a compensation ramp signal
Figure 709581DEST_PATH_IMAGE118
.
Multiplier is only all that timing is just worked at difference input voltage (x1, x2) (y1, y2).Otherwise voltage
Figure 147515DEST_PATH_IMAGE118
be approximately 0.If input is to having a differential voltage for negative, voltage so in (x1, x2) (y1, y2)
Figure 269930DEST_PATH_IMAGE118
be about 0.
When duty ratio d≤0.5, just do not need to compensate slope.This means can be set to threshold voltage
Figure 403419DEST_PATH_IMAGE194
≤ (
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE196
-
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE198
)/2 or lower.
Figure 708410DEST_PATH_IMAGE196
it is the maximum of this voltage
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE200
it is the minimum value of this voltage.
Description of the invention, is recognized that, those people consummate in this technical field can make various improvement, or increase the preferred version of selecting in the present invention, and do not depart from the present invention, contribute the spirit and scope to this technical field.Therefore, it is to be understood that, provide in this prosecution requirement and should be considered to extend to the purport of claiming, and all equivalents within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. an adaptive equalization ramp generator, is characterized in that: switching regulator is to unadjusted input voltage V iNsensitivity, and the output voltage V regulating is provided oUT, the circuit on the generation compensation slope in switching regulator, has a controlled switch element and detects resistance R s, this resistance provides a signal, and this signal is proportional to the electric current that flows through switch element, this signal is used for the operation of control switch pressurizer, also have a device that is used for storage power and contains an inductance, compensation ramp circuit comprises: produce the device of compensation ramp voltage, it has a gradient m c, this gradient is in accordance with following equation m c≤ (A*V o-B*V iN) * C, wherein A≤1, B≤1, C is a constant, depends on R s, L and the magnetic coupling parameter relevant with energy storage equipment; With a device, this device is used for, detecting the compensation ramp signal that on ohmically signal, stack generates, relying on this device, can maintain the stability of switching regulator; A, B, C chooses according to the model of following switching regulator:
Figure DEST_PATH_FDA0000472891200000011
Switching regulator has an error voltage (V e) and an associated saturation voltage (V sAT), comprising a diode, it provides a paths, and when switch element disconnects, for emitting energy that energy storage device stores to an external loading, wherein diode has an associated forward biased diode voltage (V d), error voltage and V dand V sATrelevant, compensating like this ramp voltage is exactly m c=(A*V o-B* (V iN-V e)) * C; Error voltage (V e) the basis type setting of switching regulator as follows:
Switching regulator V e Voltage-dropping type ≈【V D+V SAT】 Booster type ≈【V D+V SAT】 Buck-boost type ≈【V D+V SAT】 Flyback type (n>1; N<1) ≈【V D／n+V SAT】 Forward type (n>2; N<2) ≈【2V D／n+V SAT】
Energy storage equipment is a transformer, and it contains a number of turn is n parmature winding and the number of turn be n ssecondary winding, turn ratio is n, wherein n=n s/ n p, the inductance coefficent of energy storage equipment is L p.Wherein A, B, C chooses according to following switching regulator:
2. a kind of adaptive equalization ramp generator according to claim 1, is characterized in that: wherein switching regulator is a flyback converter, and n is greater than 1, and A is greater than 1/n like this, and B is less than or equal to 1, C and is more than or equal to R s/ L p; N is less than 1, and A is less than or equal to 1, B and is less than n like this, and C is more than or equal to R s/ (n*L p); Switching regulator is a forward converter, and n is greater than 2, and A is greater than 2/n like this, and B is less than or equal to 1, C and is more than or equal to n 2* R s/ L; N is greater than 2, and A is less than or equal to 1, B and is less than n/2 like this, and C is more than or equal to 2*n*R s/ L; Switching regulator is buck-boost converter, and A is less than or equal to 1, B and is less than 1, C and is more than or equal to R s/ L; Switching regulator is buck converter, and A is less than or equal to 1, B and is less than 0.5, C and is more than or equal to 2*R s/ L; Switching regulator is booster converter, and A is less than 0.5, B and is less than or equal to 1, C and is more than or equal to 2*R s/ L.
3. a kind of adaptive equalization ramp generator according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the compensation ramp signal in the switching regulator of the type has a gradient m c, switching regulator is to unadjusted input voltage (V iN) responsive and an output voltage (V who regulated is provided oUT), it has one to detect resistance (R s), this resistance provides a signal, this signal is proportional to the electric current that flows through controlled switch element, for the operation of control switch pressurizer, also have an energy storage equipment that contains inductance (L), the method that produces compensation ramp signal comprises step: (A) produce first voltage proportional to output voltage; (B) produce a second voltage proportional to input voltage, wherein the proportionality coefficient of the first voltage and second voltage is chosen according to the type of switching circuit; (C) get the poor of the first voltage and second voltage, and itself and a factor are multiplied each other, this factor is by R s, L and the magnetic coupling parameter decision relevant to energy storage equipment, produce a gradient compensation ramp voltage, and this magnitude of voltage approximates the product of voltage difference and factor; (D) the compensation ramp voltage of generation is added to from detecting on the signal of resistance, this strengthens the stability of switching regulator; Energy storage equipment is a transformer, and it contains a number of turn is n parmature winding and the number of turn be n ssecondary winding, turn ratio is n, wherein n=n s/ n p, the inductance coefficent of energy storage equipment is L p, switching regulator is a flyback converter, and n is greater than 1, and so the first voltage producing is greater than 1/n, the second voltage that produces in step B and arrange is less than or equal to 1, and step C comprises the step that factor is set, it is more than or equal to R s/ L p; N is less than 1, so the first voltage that produces in steps A and arrange is less than or equal to 1, the second voltage that produces in step B and arrange is less than n, and step C comprises the step that factor is set, and it is more than or equal to R s/ (n*L p); Energy storage equipment is an inductor that is connected to switch element by transformer, and it contains a number of turn is n parmature winding and the number of turn be n ssecondary winding, turn ratio is n, wherein n=n s/ n p, switching regulator is a forward converter, and n is greater than 2, and the first voltage that produces in steps A and arrange is greater than 2/n, and the second voltage that produces in step B and arrange is less than or equal to 1, and step C comprises the step that factor is set, and it is more than or equal to n 2* R s/ L; N is less than 2, and the first voltage that steps A produces and arranges is less than or equal to 1, and the second voltage that produces in step B and arrange is less than n/2, and step C comprises the step that factor is set, and it is more than or equal to 2*n*R s/ L; Switching regulator is a buck-boost converter, and the first voltage that produces in steps A and arrange is less than or equal to 1, and the second voltage that produces in step B and arrange is less than 1, and step C comprises the step that factor is set, and it is more than or equal to R s/ L.
4. a kind of adaptive equalization ramp generator according to claim 3, is characterized in that: switching regulator has an error voltage (V e) and an associated saturation voltage V sAT, further comprising a diode, it provides a paths, when switch element disconnects, is used for emitting the energy being stored in energy storage equipment to external loading, and diode wherein has an associated forward biased diode voltage (V d), error voltage and V dand V sATrelevant, the step that produces second voltage in step B comprises: from input voltage, deduct error voltage, produce the voltage of a correction, like this, second voltage is just proportional with corrected voltage; The step that produces corrected voltage comprises, according to the type step-up error voltage of following switching regulator:
Switching regulator V e Voltage-dropping type ≈【V D+V SAT】 Booster type ≈【V D+V SAT】 Buck-boost type ≈【V D+V SAT】 Flyback type (n>1; N<1) ≈【V D／n+V SAT】 Forward type (n>2; N<2) ≈【2V D／n+V SAT】
Switching regulator is a booster converter, and the first voltage that produces in steps A and arrange is less than 0.5, and the second voltage that produces in step B and arrange is less than or equal to 1, and step C comprises the step that factor is set, and it is more than or equal to 2*R s/ L; Switching regulator is a buck converter, and the first voltage that produces in steps A and arrange is less than or equal to input voltage, and the second voltage that produces in step B and arrange is less than the half of output voltage, and step C comprises the step that factor is set, and it is more than or equal to 2*R s/ L.
5. a kind of adaptive equalization ramp generator according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in DC to DC converter, for generation of the circuit of compensation ramp signal, DC to DC converter receives an input voltage, and an output voltage is provided; Contain one and detect resistance (R s), this resistance provides a signal, and this signal is proportional with the electric current that flows through controlled switch element; Also have a device that is used for storage power and contains an inductance (L), circuit wherein comprises: to the device of output voltage sensitivity, be used to provide first signal, this signal and the output voltage numerical value after divided by first preset value equates; To the device of input voltage sensitivity, be used to provide secondary signal, this signal and the input voltage numerical value after divided by the second preset value equates; The device that produces a charging current, the difference of this electric current and first signal and secondary signal is proportional; To the device of charging current sensitivity, be used for producing a ramp signal with gradient, this gradient is chosen according to DC to DC converter; Wherein, the device that produces an electric current comprises: the first transistor, and its base stage is connected to bleeder mechanism, and bleeder mechanism is connected to output voltage, and the emitter of the first transistor is connected to output voltage by the second bleeder mechanism; Transistor seconds, have two collector electrodes at least, its the first collector electrode is connected to its base stage and input voltage by a spreading resistance, its emitter is connected to the emitter of output voltage and the first transistor, another voltage divider is selected, so input voltage does not change, the second collector electrode provides proportional electric current to the device to this electric current sensitivity, is used for producing ramp signal; The collector electrode of the first transistor is biased to the first current potential, and its emitter is biased to the second current potential, and the emitter base node of the first transistor is forward biased like this; Transistor seconds has two collector electrodes at least, wherein the first collector electrode is connected to its base stage and the emitter of the first transistor, the emitter of transistor seconds is connected to the 3rd current potential by a spreading resistance, the second collector electrode provides proportional electric current to the device to this electric current sensitivity, is used for producing ramp signal; The device that produces an electric current comprises: the first transistor, and its base stage is connected to bleeder mechanism, and this bleeder mechanism is connected to input voltage, and the collector electrode of the first transistor is connected to input voltage; Transistor seconds, it at least contains two collector electrodes, the first collector electrode is connected to its base stage and the emitter of the first transistor, the emitter of transistor seconds is connected to another bleeder mechanism, this bleeder mechanism is connected to output voltage by a spreading resistance, and another voltage divider is selected, and output voltage does not change like this, the second collector electrode provides a proportional electric current to the device to this circuit sensitive, is used for producing ramp signal.
6. a kind of adaptive equalization ramp generator according to claim 5, is characterized in that: foregoing circuit, wherein: the emitter of transistor seconds is connected to output voltage by spreading resistance; The device that produces ramp signal comprises a device, and this device has an electric capacity, and this electric capacity is L and R sfunction; When this proportional electric current is used to capacitor charging, ramp signal be exactly contain electric capacity device two ends produce voltage; The device that produces an electric current comprises: the first transistor, its base stage is connected to a bleeder mechanism, its emitter is biased to the first current potential, collector electrode is connected to the second current potential, the emitter base node of the first transistor is exactly forward biased like this, and collector base junction point is back-biased; Transistor seconds has at least two collector electrodes, wherein the first collector electrode is connected to its base stage, its emitter is connected to the emitter of the first transistor, the first collector electrode is connected to another bleeder mechanism by spreading resistance, the second collector electrode provides proportional electric current to the device to this electric current sensitivity, is used for producing ramp signal; Wherein, the first preset value is less than or equal to 1, the second preset value and is also less than or equal to 1; Current device is wherein voltage-controlled current source; Device to electric current sensitivity comprises capacity cell, and capacitance is R sfunction with L.
7. a kind of adaptive equalization ramp generator according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the switching regulator of this type, and to unadjusted input voltage (V iN) responsive and provide and regulate output voltage (V later oUT), it has one to detect resistance (R s), this resistance provides a signal, and this signal is proportional with the electric current flowing through, and this signal is used to the operation of control switch pressurizer, also has an energy storage equipment that contains inductance (L), and design has gradient m cthe method of compensation ramp signal, comprise step: (A) produce first voltage proportional to output voltage; (B) produce a second voltage proportional to input voltage, wherein the proportionality coefficient of the first voltage and second voltage is chosen according to the type of switching circuit; (C) get the poor of the first voltage and second voltage, and itself and a factor are multiplied each other, this factor is by R s, L and the magnetic coupling parameter decision relevant to energy storage equipment, produce a gradient compensation ramp voltage, and this magnitude of voltage approximates the product of voltage difference and factor; (D) the compensation ramp voltage of generation is added to from detecting on the signal of resistance, this strengthens the stability of switching regulator; Energy storage equipment is a transformer, and it contains a number of turn is n parmature winding and the number of turn be n ssecondary winding, turn ratio is n, wherein n=n s/ n p, the inductance coefficent of energy storage equipment is L p, switching regulator is a flyback converter, and n is less than 1, and the first voltage that produces in steps A and arrange is less than or equal to 1, and the second voltage that produces in step B and arrange is less than n, and step C comprises the step that factor is set, and its value is more than or equal to R s/ (n*L p); Energy storage equipment is an inductance, and it is connected to switch element by a transformer, and it is n that this transformer has a number of turn parmature winding and the number of turn be n ssecondary winding, turn ratio is n, wherein n=n s/ n p, switching regulator is a forward converter, and n is less than 2, and the first voltage that produces in steps A and arrange is less than or equal to 1, and the second voltage that produces in step B and arrange is less than n/2, and step C comprises the step that factor is set, and it is more than or equal to 2*n*R s/ L; Wherein step B comprises the step that second voltage is set, and this voltage is less than 1, and step C comprises the step that factor is set, and this factor is more than or equal to R s/ L; Wherein energy storage equipment is a transformer, and it contains a number of turn is n parmature winding and the number of turn be n ssecondary winding, turn ratio is n, wherein n=n s/ n p, the inductance coefficent of energy storage equipment is L p, switching regulator is a flyback converter, and n is greater than 1, and the first voltage that produces in steps A and arrange is greater than 1/n, and the second voltage that produces in step B and arrange is less than or equal to 1, and step C comprises the step that factor is set, and this factor is more than or equal to R s/ L p; Switching regulator is a booster converter, and the first voltage that produces in steps A and arrange is less than 0.5, and the second voltage that produces in step B and arrange is less than or equal to 1, and step C comprises the step that factor is set, and this factor is more than or equal to 2*R s/ L; Switching regulator is a buck converter, and the first voltage that produces in steps A and arrange is less than or equal to input voltage, and the second voltage that produces in step B and arrange is less than the half of output voltage, and step C comprises the step that factor is set, and this factor at least equals 2*R s/ L.
8. a kind of adaptive equalization ramp generator according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: a circuit produces a compensation ramp voltage in DC to DC converter, this circuit receives the output voltage of an input voltage and a converter, and circuit wherein comprises: the device output voltage divided by the first preset value; Device input voltage divided by the second preset value; Produce the device of an electric current, this electric current is proportional with the difference of removing input voltage afterwards and output voltage; The difference of the input voltage after removing and output voltage is multiplied by the ramp voltage of a fixed elevation, is used for producing compensation ramp signal.
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CN106026616A (en) * 2016-06-15 2016-10-12 中山大学 Adaptive slope compensation circuit without capacitor structure
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108040506A (en) * 2015-06-25 2018-05-15 英特尔Ip公司 A kind of apparatus and method for being used to amplify input signal
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CN108040506B (en) * 2015-06-25 2021-12-28 英特尔公司 Apparatus and method for amplifying an input signal
CN106560986A (en) * 2015-09-30 2017-04-12 中兴通讯股份有限公司 Slope compensating circuit and method
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CN105896972B (en) * 2016-04-22 2018-05-01 电子科技大学 A kind of Adaptive Second slope compensation circuit for BUCK converters
CN106026616A (en) * 2016-06-15 2016-10-12 中山大学 Adaptive slope compensation circuit without capacitor structure
CN112787667A (en) * 2019-11-11 2021-05-11 宁波飞芯电子科技有限公司 Slope generator and analog-to-digital converter

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