CN103760607A - Geological exploration method and device - Google Patents
Geological exploration method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN103760607A CN103760607A CN201410037709.9A CN201410037709A CN103760607A CN 103760607 A CN103760607 A CN 103760607A CN 201410037709 A CN201410037709 A CN 201410037709A CN 103760607 A CN103760607 A CN 103760607A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a geological exploration method and device. The method includes the steps that a sound wave signal is transmitted by a transmitting transducer combination (namely, a phased array transducer combination) and arrives at an object to be explored through a stratum, and transducer array elements in the phased array transducer combination load exciting signals according to the amplitude and phase weighting mode; echo signals being reflected backwards by the object to be explored and passing through the stratum are received by a receiving transducer combination; the echo signals are processed by a control system, and accordingly information of the object to be explored is acquired. The device comprises the transmitting transducer combination, the receiving transducer combination and the control system. By means of the geological exploration method and device, geological conditions in front of an exploration drill bit can be explored in real time, strong-energy signals are transmitted to places in front of the drill bit by sound source signals provided through the directional sound wave technology, and therefore the purpose of accurate exploration is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to petroleum industry field, particularly relate to a kind of geology detecting method and device.
Background technology
In geologic steering drilling, drill bit front geological condition is carried out to accurate prediction in real time, at aspects such as ensureing drilling safety, raising prospect pit success ratio and protection reservoir, bringing into play irreplaceable effect.Wellhole measuring technique based on electrical method and nuclear physics, can survey wellhole strata condition around with higher resolution, but be not suitable for the stratal configuration in the larger distance range in drill bit front and parameter situation thereof to survey.By contrast, sound wave can be propagated in remote stratum, and the engineering that the principle of propagating in material based on sound wave grows up has certain advantage in the detection of drill bit front geological condition.
At present, two kinds of technology of acoustic wave that can be used for the drill bit front geological condition to carry out real-time detection are respectively: drill bit seismic technology and drilling measuring technology.Wherein, drill bit seismic technology adopts drill vibration in stratum, to launch acoustic signals as sound source, be placed into ground several wave detectors and receive from underground direct wave and reflection wave signal, by processing to received signal, obtain drill bit front geological structure situation.Measurement while drilling seismic technology is to apply the conventional focus in earth's surface as sound source, and receiving unit is integrated near make-up of string downhole drill bit, by the signal collecting is processed, obtains the structure situation of drill bit earth layer in front.In the prediction of these two kinds of technology strata condition before brill, play certain effect, but had some problems.On the one hand, all there is the problems such as the Fen Li signal attenuation causing of long distance of sound source and receiver is large, and the low resolution causing of frequency of source is low in these two kinds of technology; On the other hand, the result of use of drill bit seismic technology in the situations such as unconsolidated formation, long horizontal traverse well is poor, and drilling earthquake measuring method is easily subject to the restriction of the aspects such as data rate is low.
In addition, a kind of nearly drill bit acoustic signals transmitter-receiver device can be predicted situations such as the positions of the geologic body in drill bit front.The guided wave signals that wherein the former forms in boring take acoustic logging instrument is sound source, utilizes the interaction between this signal and drill bit earth layer in front and reaches the object of detection; The latter does not provide acoustic apparatus concrete signal transmitting and metering system.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is in order to solve signal attenuation that long propagation that current drill bit front geological exists in surveying causes and the problem of noise aliasing.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of geology detecting method, it is characterized in that, described method comprises:
Transmitting transducer combined transmit acoustic signals, by stratum, arrive and be detected thing, and described transmitting transducer is combined as phase array transducer combination, the transducer array element in described phase array transducer combination loads pumping signal according to the mode of amplitude and phase weighting;
Described in receiving, receiving transducer combination is detected the echoed signal of passing through described stratum that thing is reflected back;
Control system is processed described echoed signal, thereby described in obtaining, is detected the information of thing.
Further, described method also comprises, the phase weighting mode of described transducer array element is to realize the time delay that loads pumping signal by controlling array element, according to formula
calculate described time delay, wherein d
tfor time delay, d
1for the spacing of described transducer array element, V
ffor the fluid sound speed of the drilling fluid in drilling well, θ is that the acoustic beam deflection angle of sound wave and the borehole axis angle of cut of described drilling well are sent in the first combination of described transducer array.
Further, the transducer array element in the combination of described phase array transducer loads pumping signal according to the mode of amplitude and phase weighting and comprises: described transducer array element is loaded to the low frequency signal with identical time domain and frequency domain character.
Further, described method also comprises: described in inciting somebody to action, be detected thing information and send ground control system to.
Further, described method also comprises: send described drill bit information to ground control system.
Further, the transducer array element in the combination of described phase array transducer loads pumping signal according to the mode of amplitude and phase weighting and also comprises: described transducer array element is loaded to the low frequency modulations high-frequency signal with identical time domain and frequency domain character.
Further, described in, be detected thing information and comprise the structural information, the positional information harmony impedance variation information that are detected thing.
Further, described echoed signal comprises: the reflection wave signal at direct-path signal, interface place, stratum and the reflection wave signal from stratum reflecting body.
On the other hand, the invention provides a kind of geology detecting device, it is characterized in that, described device comprises:
Transmitting transducer combination, be used for launching acoustic signals, by stratum, arrived and be detected thing, and described transmitting transducer is combined as phase array transducer combination, the transducer array element in described phase array transducer combination loads pumping signal according to the mode of amplitude and phase weighting;
Receiving transducer combination is detected the echoed signal of passing through described stratum that thing is reflected back described in receiving;
Control system, for described echoed signal is processed, thereby is detected the information of thing described in obtaining.
Further, described device also comprises sound insulator, for intercepting drill collar ripple signal.
Advantage of the present invention: real-time detection drill bit front geological condition, utilizes sound-source signal that directed technology of acoustic wave provides to the stronger signal of drill bit front emitted energy, thereby reaches the object of accurate detection.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The geology detecting method flow diagram that Fig. 1 provides for the embodiment of the present invention;
The geology detecting application of installation scene schematic diagram that Fig. 2 provides for the embodiment of the present invention;
The geology detecting device schematic diagram that Fig. 3 provides for the embodiment of the present invention;
The control system schematic diagram that Fig. 4 provides for the embodiment of the present invention;
The reception wave train schematic diagram when application phased-array technique that Fig. 5 provides for the embodiment of the present invention is launched sound wave;
The reception wave train schematic diagram when application parameter phased-array technique that Fig. 6 provides for the embodiment of the present invention is launched sound wave.
Embodiment
Below by drawings and Examples, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail.
The geology detecting method flow diagram that Fig. 1 provides for the embodiment of the present invention.As shown in Figure 1, the method comprises:
Step 101, transmitting transducer combined transmit acoustic signals, by stratum, arrived and be detected thing, and transmitting transducer is combined as phase array transducer combination, the transducer array element in phase array transducer combination loads pumping signal according to the mode of amplitude and phase weighting;
Step 102, receiving transducer combination receives and is detected the echoed signal of passing through stratum that thing is reflected back;
Step 103, control system is processed echoed signal, thereby obtains the information that is detected thing.
Preferentially, the method also comprises, the phase weighting mode of described transducer array element is to realize the time delay that loads pumping signal by controlling array element, according to formula
computing relay time, wherein d
tfor time delay, d
1for the spacing of transducer array element, V
ffor the fluid sound speed of the drilling fluid in drilling well, θ is that the acoustic beam deflection angle of sound wave and the borehole axis angle of cut of described drilling well are sent in the combination of transducer array unit.
Preferentially, the transducer array element in phase array transducer combination loads pumping signal according to the mode of amplitude and phase weighting and comprises: described transducer array element is loaded to the low frequency signal with identical time domain and frequency domain character.
Preferentially, the method also comprises: will be detected thing information and send ground control system to.
Preferentially, the method also comprises: send drill bit information to ground control system.
Preferentially, the transducer array element in phase array transducer combination loads pumping signal according to the mode of amplitude and phase weighting and also comprises: transducer array element is loaded to the low frequency modulations high-frequency signal with identical time domain and frequency domain character.
Preferentially, be detected thing information and comprise the structural information, the positional information harmony impedance variation information that are detected thing.
Preferentially, echoed signal comprises: the reflection wave signal at direct-path signal, interface place, stratum and the reflection wave signal from stratum reflecting body.
Preferably, be to guarantee to obtain signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) higher measuring-signal, the Best Times of transmitting/receiving is that drill bit suspends while creeping into jointed rod, now mud disturbance minimum is the most weak on transmitting and receiving the impact of signal.
Preferably, for guaranteeing that the acoustic signals propagating in stratum has higher resolution and larger investigation depth, need to meet the sound wave propagating in stratum and there is the frequency of sound wave that is greater than surface seismic and is less than traditional dipole acoustic logging.
Preferably, transmitting transducer combines by n
1(n
1>=2) the first composition of individual transducer array, the object of doing is like this to form to the acoustic beam of drill bit front transmitting acoustic wave energy, energy as much as possible to be transmitted in the stratum in the certain limit of drill bit front.
Preferably, receiving transducer combines by n
2(n
2>=2) the first composition of individual transducer array, is conducive to the extraction of drill bit front reflecting body and anomalous body information.In the present embodiment, n
2=4, the spacing d of receiving transducer combination
2=0.152m.
In the present embodiment, adopting array element is n
1linear array, in the array element of linear array, apply the regular hour postpone d
t, the direction that linear array is combined in drilling fluid to have a θ angle of cut with borehole axis is propagated.Time delay d
tby formula
determine d in formula
1spacing in representative graph 3 between the each array element of transmitting transducer, V
frepresent the velocity of sound of fluid in drilling fluid.In the present embodiment, establish transmitting transducer and combine the sound wave that sends and arrive behind the interface on drilling fluid and stratum, according to Snell's law, refraction wave is to spread in stratum with borehole axis ψ angle.For this reason, can obtain
v in formula
crepresent the longitudinal wave velocity on stratum, also can get the transverse wave velocity on stratum.
Need to illustrate especially, in the present embodiment, the sound wave that is loaded into each array element has two kinds, and the first is that each array element loads the emission sound source signal with identical time domain and frequency domain character, and establishing its frequency is f
0; The second is the principle according to acoustic parametric arrays, loads the close sound wave of two row frequencies, and its primary frequency is respectively f
1and f
2(establish f
1>f
2).According to the principle of acoustic parametric arrays, this two train wave can produce f
1-f
2difference frequency signal, the frequency of establishing difference frequency signal is also f
0.Meanwhile, in the second approach, also can according to parametric array sound field from demodulation effect, adopt the form of the former frequency ripple of load-modulate in an array element to form parametric array.The concrete mode adopting can comprise: transmission carrier frequency is former frequency f
1, frequency of modulated wave is difference frequency f
0the amplitude-modulated signal of unbalanced modulation, and transmission carrier frequency is former frequency f
1, the half (f that frequency of modulated wave is difference frequency
0/ 2) two kinds of modes of balanced signal.
In addition, for assurance sound wave is propagated larger distance, f in drill bit earth layer in front
0should be less than the transmission frequency (two KHz are following) of at present conventional dipole array acoustilog instrument device, be greater than the frequency (tens hertz) of conventional seismic prospecting sound source.
In the present embodiment, if the longitudinal wave velocity of drilling fluid is 1500m/s, density is 1000kg/m
3; The vertical transverse wave velocity on stratum is respectively 3500m/s and 2000m/s, and density is 2300m/s; The vertical transverse wave velocity of reflecting body is respectively 4600m/s and 2600m/s, and density is 2400kg/m
3.In embodiment, make
, the ripple propagating in stratum becomes the angle of cut of 30 ° with borehole axis, can obtain θ=21 °, and the time delay of each array element.In the present embodiment, used the load mode of two kinds of sound-source signals.First method, the number of transmitting transducer array element is n
1=4, each array element loads same frequency f
0the signal of=1.0kHz, the spacing d between array element
1=0.20m, time delay d
t=49us; Second method, array element number n
1=4, be loaded into the signal formation parametric array of array element, load signal is by the former frequency f of transmission carrier frequency
1=10.0kHz, the balanced signal composition of the half that frequency of modulated wave is difference frequency, forms the acoustic beam yawing moment identical with first method.
The geology detecting application of installation scene schematic diagram that Fig. 2 provides for the embodiment of the present invention.As shown in Figure 2, this device comprises:
Transmitting transducer combination 209, be positioned at drill collar 204, be used for launching acoustic signals, by stratum 206, arrive and be detected thing, and transmitting transducer combination 209 is phase array transducer combination, the transducer array element during phase array transducer combines loads pumping signal according to the mode of amplitude and phase weighting;
Receiving transducer combination 210, is positioned at drill collar 204, for receiving, is detected the echoed signal of passing through stratum that thing is reflected back;
Preferably, this device also comprises: computer control system 202, the derrick 201 that is positioned at ground is other, for receiving the information that is detected thing, and carries out accurate detection to being detected thing.
Preferably, this device also comprises:
Derrick 201 rest on the ground, and for meeting the requirement of drilling well drilling and casing job, plays a part to support and load-bearing.It is other that steam piano 203 is positioned at derrick 201, for pouring into mud to well 207, and reduces the friction force on drill bit 205 and stratum 206.Drilling rod 215 is positioned at below drilling well 201, for mud being transported to drill bit 205 places.Drill collar 204, is connected with drilling rod 215, for fixing drilling rod 215.Drill bit 205 is positioned at well 207 and 206 interface places, stratum, for boring earthward.Stratum 206 is positioned at drill bit 205 belows.Well 207 is positioned at drilling rod 215 tops and derrick 201 belows.Geologic anomaly body 213 is positioned at stratum 206.Incident wave 212 incides the incident wave of geologic anomaly body 213 for being arranged in stratum 206.Reflection wave 214 is for being arranged in the reflection wave of stratum 206 from geologic anomaly body 213.
Preferably, transmitting transducer combination and receiving transducer are combined in the concrete assembling mode in drill bit top and have diversity, can determine in conjunction with the directivity of the size of actual transducer combinations and acoustic emission and reception.For guaranteeing that acoustic apparatus is assembled on the drill collar of drill bit top smoothly, the size that need to meet acoustic apparatus is mated with the size of drill collar and drill bit.Wherein, spacing between spacing and the transducer array element of transmitting transducer combination and receiving transducer combination need be according to actual conditions adjustment, spacing can be between several meters to tens meters, the spacing of transmitting transducer array element need be satisfied when forming directional sound beams conditional decision, for guaranteeing the precision of signal processing, the spacing of receiving transducer array element should be less, can be suitable with the spacing of transmitting transducer.
The geology detecting device schematic diagram that Fig. 3 provides for the embodiment of the present invention.As shown in Figure 3, this device comprises:
Transmitting transducer combination 301, be positioned at drill collar 308, be used for launching acoustic signals, by stratum 310, arrive and be detected thing, and transmitting transducer combination 301 is phase array transducer combination, the transducer array element 314 during phase array transducer combines loads pumping signal according to the mode of amplitude and phase weighting.
Receiving transducer combination 302, be positioned at drill collar 308, for receiving, be detected the echoed signal of passing through stratum that thing is reflected back, receiving transducer combination 302 is comprised of at least two transducer array units, is conducive to like this extraction to drill bit front reflecting body and anomalous body information.
Preferably, this device also comprises:
The control system schematic diagram that Fig. 4 provides for the embodiment of the present invention.As shown in Figure 4, control system 400 comprises: receiver module 401, and for receiving being detected thing information.Memory module 402, for storing being detected thing information.Processing module 403, for processing being detected thing information.Sending module 404, for being detected the spread of the rumours of thing information to ground-based computer control system.
The reception wave train schematic diagram when application phased-array technique that Fig. 5 provides for the embodiment of the present invention is launched sound wave.As shown in Figure 5, Fig. 5 comprises the reflection wave signal 42 at direct-path signal 41, drill bit and interface place, stratum and the reflection wave signal 43 from stratum reflecting body.If being loaded into the pumping signal of the transducer array element in transmitting transducer combination in the present embodiment is 1.0kHz, receiving transducer combines the waveform receiving just for shown in Fig. 5.By analyzing and processing, can tentatively obtain reflecting body is 26.5m from the distance of drill bit.When the information such as the structure of reflecting body and orientation are more complicated, need to carry out data processing with more complicated algorithm.
The reception wave train schematic diagram when application parameter phased-array technique that Fig. 6 provides for the embodiment of the present invention is launched sound wave.As shown in Figure 6, Fig. 6 comprises the reflection wave signal 52 at direct-path signal 51, drill bit and interface place, stratum and the reflection wave signal 53 from stratum reflecting body.If being loaded into the pumping signal of the transducer array element in transmitting transducer combination in the present embodiment is modulation wave signal, receiving transducer combines the waveform receiving just for shown in Fig. 6.Reception waveform signal is herein filtered signal.
Above-described embodiment; object of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect are further described; institute is understood that; the foregoing is only the specific embodiment of the present invention; the protection domain being not intended to limit the present invention; within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any modification of making, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a geology detecting method, is characterized in that, described method comprises:
Transmitting transducer combined transmit acoustic signals, by stratum, arrive and be detected thing, and described transmitting transducer is combined as phase array transducer combination, the transducer array element in described phase array transducer combination loads pumping signal according to the mode of amplitude and phase weighting;
Described in receiving, receiving transducer combination is detected the echoed signal of passing through described stratum that thing is reflected back;
Control system is processed described echoed signal, thereby described in obtaining, is detected the information of thing.
2. geology detecting method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described method also comprises, the phase weighting mode of described transducer array element is to realize the time delay that loads pumping signal by controlling array element, according to formula
calculate described time delay, wherein d
tfor time delay, d
1for the spacing of described transducer array element, V
ffor the fluid sound speed of the drilling fluid in drilling well, θ is that the acoustic beam deflection angle of sound wave and the borehole axis angle of cut of described drilling well are sent in the first combination of described transducer array.
3. geology detecting method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the transducer array element in described phase array transducer combination loads pumping signal according to the mode of amplitude and phase weighting and comprises: described transducer array element is loaded to the low frequency signal with identical time domain and frequency domain character.
4. geology detecting method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described method also comprises: described in inciting somebody to action, be detected thing information and send ground control system to.
5. geology detecting method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described method also comprises: send described drill bit information to ground control system.
6. geology detecting method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the transducer array element in described phase array transducer combination loads pumping signal according to the mode of amplitude and phase weighting and also comprises: described transducer array element is loaded to the low frequency modulations high-frequency signal with identical time domain and frequency domain character.
7. geology detecting method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described in be detected thing information and comprise the structural information, the positional information harmony impedance variation information that are detected thing.
8. geology detecting method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described echoed signal comprises: the reflection wave signal at direct-path signal, interface place, stratum and the reflection wave signal from stratum reflecting body.
9. a geology detecting device, is characterized in that, described device comprises:
Transmitting transducer combination, be used for launching acoustic signals, by stratum, arrived and be detected thing, and described transmitting transducer is combined as phase array transducer combination, the transducer array element in described phase array transducer combination loads pumping signal according to the mode of amplitude and phase weighting;
Receiving transducer combination is detected the echoed signal of passing through described stratum that thing is reflected back described in receiving;
Control system, for described echoed signal is processed, thereby is detected the information of thing described in obtaining.
10. geology detecting device according to claim 9, is characterized in that, described device also comprises sound insulator, for intercepting drill collar ripple signal.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410037709.9A CN103760607A (en) | 2014-01-26 | 2014-01-26 | Geological exploration method and device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410037709.9A CN103760607A (en) | 2014-01-26 | 2014-01-26 | Geological exploration method and device |
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| CN201410037709.9A Pending CN103760607A (en) | 2014-01-26 | 2014-01-26 | Geological exploration method and device |
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| CN104453854A (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2015-03-25 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Acoustic logging while drilling method and device based on double-source flyback technology |
| CN104594878A (en) * | 2014-11-20 | 2015-05-06 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Double-source flyback through-casing acoustic logging method and device |
| CN106321060A (en) * | 2015-07-02 | 2017-01-11 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | Double-frequency adjustable-spacing dipole acoustic remote exploration sound source transmitting device |
| CN107316650A (en) * | 2016-04-26 | 2017-11-03 | 诺基亚技术有限公司 | Method, device and the computer program of the modification of the feature associated on the audio signal with separating |
| CN107420094A (en) * | 2017-05-27 | 2017-12-01 | 成都理工大学 | With the detection method and device for boring radar real-time prediction bed boundary position in well |
| CN109869142A (en) * | 2017-12-01 | 2019-06-11 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of downhole data transmission device and method |
| CN110805433A (en) * | 2018-08-06 | 2020-02-18 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | While-drilling sound wave remote detection system and method |
| CN110988980A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-04-10 | 山东大学 | Phased array sound wave advanced geological detection system and method carried by shield tunneling machine |
| WO2020118975A1 (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2020-06-18 | 山东科技大学 | Gradual medium interface detection method |
| CN112630764A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-04-09 | 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Pile bottom karst detection method, device and system, electronic equipment and storage medium |
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| CN107420094A (en) * | 2017-05-27 | 2017-12-01 | 成都理工大学 | With the detection method and device for boring radar real-time prediction bed boundary position in well |
| CN109869142A (en) * | 2017-12-01 | 2019-06-11 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of downhole data transmission device and method |
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| CN110805433A (en) * | 2018-08-06 | 2020-02-18 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | While-drilling sound wave remote detection system and method |
| CN110805433B (en) * | 2018-08-06 | 2022-08-12 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | While-drilling sound wave remote detection system and method |
| WO2020118975A1 (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2020-06-18 | 山东科技大学 | Gradual medium interface detection method |
| CN110988980A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-04-10 | 山东大学 | Phased array sound wave advanced geological detection system and method carried by shield tunneling machine |
| US11640007B2 (en) | 2019-12-23 | 2023-05-02 | Shandong University | System and method for phased array sound wave advanced geological exploration for shield tunneling machine |
| CN112630764A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-04-09 | 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Pile bottom karst detection method, device and system, electronic equipment and storage medium |
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