CN103747745B - 用于手术器械的刀片保持机构 - Google Patents

用于手术器械的刀片保持机构 Download PDF

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CN103747745B
CN103747745B CN201380002686.1A CN201380002686A CN103747745B CN 103747745 B CN103747745 B CN 103747745B CN 201380002686 A CN201380002686 A CN 201380002686A CN 103747745 B CN103747745 B CN 103747745B
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jaw member
passage
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surgical apparatus
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CN103747745A (zh
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J·A·凯西
K·C·爱德华兹
T·马苏萨提斯
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    • A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
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    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/0046—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets with a releasable handle; with handle and operating part separable
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Abstract

一种用于与冲洗流体源和抽吸源一起使用并且用于向诸如切割刀片的手术工具（20）提供动力的带动力手术设备（10）。该手术设备（10）包括手持件（30）和结合在该手持件（30）的通道（310）的远端（33）中的切割刀片保持组件（40）。该保持组件（40）包括在与手持件（30）的通道（310）的远端（33）连通的轴向延伸通道（35）中对准的一对对准的径向可移动按钮（410），该可移动按钮（410）可以接合夹头构件（430）并且使夹头构件（430）旋转运动，该夹头构件以可旋转的方式被支撑在手持件（33）的远端（33）的通道310中。夹头组件（50）包括多个滚动锁定构件（436），这些锁定构件可以由夹头构件（430）从第一或锁定位置移到第二或解锁位置，在该第一或锁定位置中，锁定构件（436）由通道（310）的壁压迫在夹头构件（430）内部延伸以接合手术工具（20）的凹槽，在该第二或解锁位置中，锁定构件（460）与通道（310）的壁中的凹部（38）对准并且未被迫在夹头构件（430）内部延伸。

Description

用于手术器械的刀片保持机构
技术领域
本发明涉及一种带动力手术设备以及使用该带动力手术设备的方法。具体地，本发明涉及这样的带动力手术设备，其能与诸如切割刀片组件的手术工具一起使用，以刮削、切割和/或去除组织、骨和/或任何其他身体材料，该手术设备包括刀片保持机构，该刀片保持机构能够快速且有效地使手术工具联接和脱开。
背景技术
手术设备通常已知被装有动力以加强对于组织、骨和/或其他身体材料的刮削、切割和/或去除。带动力手术设备通常包括用于选择性地使工具或器械联接和脱开的联接机构，所述工具或器械包括但不限于用于刮削或切割组织或骨的器械，例如旋转刀片。旋转刀片器械可以联接或连接至由诸如外科医生的操作者保持的手持件。外科医生通过保持手持件因此可以操纵旋转刀片以刮削或切割期望的组织、骨和/或其他身体材料。此外，当使旋转刀片器械或其他工具与手持件联接或脱开时，操作者也可以联接其他连接件，诸如流体供应部或抽吸部。
美国专利No.5,492,527（下文“527专利”）；7,799,044（下文“044专利”）以及7,591,829（下文“829专利”）中公开了包括联接和脱开装置的手术设备的一般理解示例，这些美国专利的全部内容通过引用并入本文。527专利具体公开了用于内窥镜手术过程的手术刮刀，其驱动长形的可旋转手术器械并且从手术工作部位抽出材料，如527专利的图1至图5以及图14所示。手术刮刀包括具有远端的手持件，该远端包括用于将工具附接至手持件10的主体并将其从该主体拆卸的夹头组件，该手持件包括具有长形可旋转内刀片和长形外刀片的工具。527专利的夹头组件能手动旋转以使切割窗口能够旋转。
044专利公开了一种包括切割刀片组件的带动力手术设备，该切割刀片组件能与手柄连接，并且具有提供与系统的至少一个操作相关的至少一个信号的手动致动的输入装置和接收至少一个输入信号并且提供输出信号以执行系统的至少一个操作的控制器。829专利公开了用于与手术器械的手持件一起使用以执行手术治疗的手术器具。
尽管常规的手术器械通常被理解和认为是通常可靠的，但是这些现有技术组件在结构和操作方面仍相对复杂。附加的缺点在于，已知的设计通常结构复杂并且导致医疗器械的相对较高的制造成本。
尽管长期已知方案，但是仍显著需要提供一种能够提供改进的性能并且在手术设备与相关的器械和工具的效率、性能、成本和包装方面取得进步的手术设备。尽管长期已知方案，仍显著需要提供一种能克服现有技术的问题的手术设备。
发明内容
在一个示例性实施方式中，公开了一种手术设备，其包括用于快速联接和脱开诸如切割刀片工具的手术工具的主体。在一个示例性实施方式中，所述主体包括具有近端和远端的第一大致圆筒形通道，从该第一大致圆筒形通道延伸的第二径向延伸通道，以及进一步限定该第一大致圆筒形通道的沟槽。在一个示例性实施方式中，所述手术设备还包括被支撑用于在所述主体的所述第一大致圆筒形通道中的旋转运动的夹头构件，所述夹头构件包括第一内表面和通道，该通道具有第一长度以用于与在所述夹头构件的所述通道中对准的具有第二长度的锁定构件协作，所述锁定构件径向向内延伸超过所述夹头构件的所述内表面。在一个示例性实施方式中，所述手术设备还包括偏压装置，用于在所述主体的所述第一大致圆筒形通道内在第一旋转方向上偏压所述夹头构件，并且其中所述锁定构件的所述第二长度大于所述夹头构件的所述通道的所述第一长度，使得所述夹头构件限制所述锁定构件的运动并且将所述锁定构件保持在所述主体的所述第一大致圆筒形通道内。在一个示例性实施方式中，所述手术设备还包括致动器，所述致动器在所述主体的所述第二径向延伸通道中能径向移动并且所述致动器包括用于与所述夹头构件的所述第一表面接合的第二表面，其中，所述致动器的径向向内运动抵抗所述偏压构件的力而使所述夹头构件在所述第一大致圆筒形通道内旋转，并且将所述锁定构件从第一锁定位置移到第二解锁位置，其中所述锁定构件可以径向向外移动以至少部分地位于所述主体的所述沟槽中。
在另一示例性实施方式中，所述手术设备还包括与所述夹头构件的所述远端对准的盖构件，其用于覆盖所述夹头构件以及所述主体的所述第一大致圆筒形通道的所述远端的至少一部分。在又一示例性实施方式中，所述手术设备中，圆盘形盖构件包括第一突出部和第二突出部，每个突出部均在与所述主体的所述第一大致圆筒形通道的轴线对准的方向上延伸，并且所述第一突出部和所述第二突出部相对地间隔开。
在另一示例性实施方式中，公开了一种用于向诸如切割刀片的手术工具提供动力的带动力手术设备。所述手术设备包括手持件和结合在该手持件的远端的通道中的切割刀片保持组件。所述保持组件包括在与所述手持件的所述远端中的所述通道连通的径向延伸通道中对准的一对对准可动按钮，所述可动按钮能与被以可旋转的方式支撑在所述手持件的所述远端的通道中的夹头构件接合并且使该夹头构件作旋转运动。所述夹头组件包括多个滚动锁定构件，所述多个滚动锁定构件可以由所述夹头构件从第一或锁定位置移动到第二或解锁位置，在所述第一或锁定位置中，所述锁定构件由所述通道的壁压迫以从所述夹头构件向内延伸以接合所述手术工具的环形槽，在所述第二或解锁位置中，所述锁定构件与所述通道的所述壁中的凹部对准并且未被压迫在所述夹头构件内延伸。
附图说明
图1是手术设备和包括手枪式握把的刀片保持机构的替代实施方式的侧视图；
图2是示出拆下的切割刀片的手术设备和刀片保持机构的总立体图；
图3是手术设备的手持件和刀片保持机构的局部立体图；
图4是手术设备的手持件和刀片保持机构的分解立体图；
图5是手术设备的手持件和刀片保持机构的局部分解立体图；
图6是处于第一或锁定位置的手术设备的刀片保持机构的手持件的夹头构件组件的立体图；
图7是图6的夹头构件组件的端视图；
图8是处于第一或锁定位置的刀片保持机构和手术设备的剖面端视图；
图9是处于第一或锁定位置的刀片保持机构和手术设备的替代剖面端视图；
图10是处于第一或锁定位置的刀片保持机构和包括切割刀片的手术设备的替代剖面端视图；
图11是处于第二或解锁位置的手术设备的刀片保持机构的手持件的夹头构件组件的立体图；
图12是图11的夹头构件组件的端视图；
图13是处于第二或解锁位置的刀片保持机构和手术设备的替代剖面端视图；
图14是处于第二或解锁位置的刀片保持机构和包括切割刀片的手术设备的替代剖面端视图；
图15是根据本发明的示例性实施方式的刀片保持机构和包括手术工具切割刀片的手术设备的纵轴线剖面图；以及
图16是刀片保持机构中的夹头组件的剖面图。
具体实施方式
本申请要求于2012年6月29日提交的美国临时申请61/666131和于2012年9月5日提交的美国临时申请61/697,082的优先权，这两个美国临时申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文。
通常参看所有的图，公开了根据本发明的带动力手术设备10的示例性实施方式。所公开的手术设备10具体地用于执行手术，包括但不限于对人或其他动物实施手术，并且可以用于任何已知的或合适的手术过程。手术设备10能用来在各种手术过程中切割、刮削和/或去除组织、骨和/或任何其他身体材料，所述手术过程诸如为一般耳、鼻和咽喉（在下文“ENT”）、头和颈以及耳神经手术，并且具体地为窦清除器。然而，手术设备10能用于其他手术过程。更具体地，本发明能用于窦手术，诸如筛窦切除术/蝶筛切除术、息肉切除术、鼻中隔成形术、窦造口术、内窥镜DCR、额窦钻出、额窦环踞术和冲洗、中隔骨刺去除以及经蝶手术。手术设备10能用于鼻咽/喉部手术，例如增殖腺切除术、喉部损害消肿、喉部息肉切除术、气管手术，以及扁桃腺切除术。本发明还可用于头部和颈部的手术，例如，软组织刮削、鼻成形术(狭窄骨拱和修整骨锥)、面部上颌骨的和颚的区域的去除脂肪（多脂肪）组织（脂肪清创术)，以及听神经瘤去除。手术设备10还可用于耳科手术，例如，乳突切除术和乳突凿开术。
手术操作和过程的上述目录并不旨在是详尽的，并且根据本发明的手术设备10旨在用于任何其他可应用的目前已知或者稍后开发的手术操作和过程。事实上，根据本发明的手术设备10不仅旨在用于人类用手术操作和过程，而且还能用于其他动物和其他有机物的手术操作和过程。然而，即使手术设备10旨在可用于各种其他应用，为了便于说明，下面在人类手术，诸如ENT手术的范围内进行描述。关于这点，根据本发明的手术设备10和方法可以遵守，但是可以不必需要遵守用于手术器械的标准，诸如以下通用的非官方标准：UL2601-1：医疗电气设备，卷1：安全性的一般要求，澳大利亚差异，CSA22.2No.601：加拿大标准，IEC601-1-1(EN60601-1)：医疗电气设备，卷1：安全性的一般要求，IEC601-1-2（EN60601-1-2）医疗安全设备，卷2：安全性的特别要求，IEC601-1-4(EN60601-1-2)医疗电子设备，卷1：安全性的一般要求4。间接的标准：可编程的电气医疗系统，IEC61000-4-2：电磁相容性(EMC)卷4：试验和测量技术-第2部分：静电放电抗干扰性试验，IEC61000-4-3：电磁相容性（EMC）卷4：试验和测量技术-第3部分：辐射的、射频、电磁场抗干扰性试验，IEC61000-4-4：电磁相容性（EMC）卷4：试验和测量技术-第4部分：电气快速瞬态/爆发抗干扰性，IEC61000-4-5：电磁相容性(EMC)-卷4：试验和测量技术-第5部分：喘振，IEC529：安装保护设备，ISO10993-1：医疗器材的生物评价，以及工业、科学以及医疗(ISM)射频设备的电磁骚扰特性的测量的EN55011限制和方法，B级。
根据本公开的手术设备10和方法也能被提供以遵守其他现行标准和/或任何稍后开发的标准。手术设备10和其部件（具体地包括手持件或手柄30，手柄组件，包括其切割刀片组件21和带动力设备组件的手术工具20）通常如Johnston等人的、2010年9月21日公布的、名称为带动力手术设备，制造带动力手术设备的方法以及使用带动力的手术设备的方法的美国专利No.7,799,044所说明的来理解，上述专利的全部内容出于所有目的通过引用并入本文。
现在具体地参看图1至图3，手术设备10由电动机提供动力并且可以包括管组（包括冲洗流体源和抽吸源，如图3中最佳示出的）和电连接件，该电连接件用于向电动机提供动力以操作包括切割刀片21的手术工具20。手术设备10包括手持件30和结合在该手持件30的远端33中的手术工具或刀片保持组件40。该保持组件40可操作为选择性地使手术工具20与手持件30联接或脱开。该保持组件40被手动且相对高效地操作以用于更快速且容易地使手术工具20和手持件30联接和脱开。手持件30优选地是铅笔式设计，使得手术设备10能由操作者使用并且以与如何保持铅笔类似的方式被保持。在如图1所示的一个替代示例性实施方式中，手持件30包括手枪式握把31，该握把沿大体上径向方向从手持件30的远端33的附近延伸，使得操作者可以在利用手术设备10时使用手枪式握把。
手术工具20包括第一轴环构件22，切割刀片组件21从该第一轴环构件沿一个轴向方向延伸，并且第二轴环构件23从该第一轴环构件沿相反轴向方向延伸。手术工具20和其部件都沿着手术工具20的纵向轴线大致对准。手术工具20还包括具有大致圆筒形外形表面的延伸构件24，该外形表面中可以包括环形槽25。延伸构件24的外形优选地被匹配使得其可以被接收在手持件30的远端中的通道中，如下面更充分描述的。手术工具20优选地通过将延伸构件24以单个动作插入手持件30的远端的通道中而固定至手持件30，该单个动作还将手术工具20的工作部件与手持件30的供应源联接。一旦延伸构件24被插入手持件30的远端33的通道中，则保持机构40可以操作以接合手术工具20的延伸构件24的环形槽25从而将手术工具20保持或固定至保持件30。特别参看图2、3，示出了手术工具20的延伸构件24插入通道310中并且保持机构40结合在手持件30的远端33中。
现在参看图4至图5，详述了保持机构40和手持件30的远端33的附加方面。远端33可以包括具有第一凹入台阶部311的大致圆筒形轴向延伸通道310。保持组件40也可以包括夹头组件50和一对对准的轴向可移动按钮410，该对按钮彼此大致对准并且分别位于手持件30的远端33的径向延伸通道35中。应该注意的是，重要的是，夹头组件50可以几乎完全设置在手持件30内。保持机构40和夹头组件50的在手持件30外部的唯一部分是按钮410。保持机构40和夹头组件50的所有其他特征都在保持件30内部。每个按钮410均可以从手持件30突出以由操作者操作。
虽然每个按钮410均具有大致四面的、总体上的梯形形状，使得存在单个敞开侧或缺失壁（missingwall），但是存在右侧按钮410和左侧按钮410。右侧按钮410和左侧按钮410中的每个按钮均包括成角度侧壁，该成角度侧壁的顶部更靠近手持件30的远端33，如图2和图6中最佳示出的。在壁的与按钮410的敞开或缺失壁相对的内侧上，存在朝着敞开或缺失壁延伸并且包括倾斜或斜坡表面413的延伸构件411。每个径向通道35可以大致成形为匹配相应的按钮410的外表面形状，该按钮能在径向通道35中轴向移动。每个径向通道35均与手持件30的远端33中的大致圆筒形、轴向延伸通道310连通。
每个按钮410均还包括一对向外对准的延伸构件416，以用于将按钮410保持在径向通道35内并且防止按钮410在径向通道35内旋转。每个径向通道35包括从其延伸的上部和下部局部环形槽36，但该局部环形槽不会轴向延伸到手持件30的远端33的外表面，从而每个局部环形槽36是止动件，以用于限制按钮410可以在径向通道35中轴向向外移动多远并且防止按钮410在径向通道35内旋转。因此，按钮410可以仅经由大致圆筒形、轴向延伸通道310而插入相应的径向通道35中。按钮410因它们被设计成用作装置的特定侧而不是相同的。因此，存在安装在相应的彼此以一百八十度（180）对准的径向通道35中的右侧按钮410和左侧按钮410。每个按钮410的斜坡表面413大体上彼此平行地大致对准。每个按钮410在每个径向通道35中均被径向向外地偏压直到每个延伸构件416接合每个槽36的相应端。
保持机构40还可以包括夹头组件50。该夹头组件50可以包括夹头构件430、锁定构件460、偏压构件470和盖构件480。夹头构件430具有远端462和近端463，以及内表面461和外表面464。通常，保持机构40位于保持件30内部并且夹头组件50也位于保持件30内部。具体地，夹头组件50可以位于手持件30的远端33的通道310中。夹头组件50可以以可旋转的方式支撑在通道310中以用于在第一或锁定（或联接）位置和第二或解锁（或脱开）位置之间移动锁定构件460。夹头组件50可以由偏压构件470的偏压力朝着锁定位置偏压。
因为每个径向通道35均与手持件30的远端33中的通道310连通，因此每个可移动按钮410均可以使夹头组件50抵抗偏压构件470的偏压力而进行旋转运动，该夹头组件以可旋转的方式被支撑在手持件30的远端33的通道310中。夹头组件50的夹头构件430优选地是大致圆筒形构件并且被设计成装配在手持件30的通道310内。夹头构件430可以包括一对相对定位的径向延伸构件或突出部431，该对径向延伸构件或突出部延伸进入通道310的局部环形槽320中。每个偏压构件470均可以具有与突出部431接触的一端和与凹部320的壁321接触的另一端。偏压构件470优选地是在压缩或偏压状态下设置在凹部320中的压缩弹簧或类似的压缩偏压装置，使得在夹头构件430安装时具有存在于偏压构件470中的内在偏压力，从而使夹头构件朝着第一或锁定位置被偏压，这被示出为处于图8中的逆时针方向并且在图7和图12中处于顺时针方向。
夹头构件430还可以包括一对相对设置的径向延伸构件或突出部432，每个延伸构件或突出部均包括斜坡或倾斜表面433，其可以成角度以大体上与按钮410的表面413互补，如图7至图10中最佳示出的，图7至图10示出了处于第一或锁定位置的夹头组件50，其中按钮410由于偏压构件470的偏压力而在每个径向通道35中处于他们的径向延伸极限。然而，不同于按钮410的斜坡表面413，每个径向延伸构件431的每个倾斜表面433可以优选地为弧形并且具有大约八（8）度的浅角，该浅角相当于非常大的半径以便大致好像是线性或平面的但是用来提供与斜坡表面413之间接触的操作量。因为夹头构件430的横截面大体上为圆形，并且倾斜表面433未布置成垂直于夹头构件430的圆形横截面，因此第一径向延伸构件431的倾斜表面433可以限定第一大致圆筒形通道310的弦。
大体上互补的斜坡或倾斜表面413和433可以将夹头构件430和夹头组件50的由偏压构件470的偏压力造成的旋转运动转变成每个按钮410在通道35中的径向向外运动。类似地，当足够的力被施加以在每个通道35中径向向内地移动每个按钮410（即，力足以克服偏压构件470的偏压力）时，大体上互补的斜坡或倾斜表面413和433可以将按钮410的径向向内运动转变为夹头构件430在通道310内的旋转运动以将夹头组件50从如图7至图10所示的第一或锁定位置朝着如图11至图14所示的第二或解锁位置移动并且移动到该第二或解锁位置。虽然大体上互补的斜坡或倾斜表面413和433用于在夹头构件430和按钮410之间传递运动，但是应该理解的是，任何已知的稍后开发的和合适的接口可以用来将两个按钮410的运动转变为夹头组件50在锁定位置和解锁位置之间的运动。例如，可以预期的是，非倾斜表面可以代替倾斜表面413和433使用但是将需要更大的努力以在操作中致动夹头组件50。于是附加结构或装置可以用来减小传递运动所需的增加的努力。
夹头组件50可以包括多个滚动锁定构件460，这些滚动锁定构件可以由夹头构件430从第一或锁定位置移动到第二或解锁位置，在第一或锁定位置中，锁定构件由通道的壁压迫在夹头构件430内部延伸以接合手术工具20的环形槽25，在第二或解锁位置中，锁定构件460与通道的壁中的凹部对准并且未被压迫在夹头构件430内部延伸。每个锁定构件460均为具有直径或第一长度的大致圆的、球形构件。夹头构件430可以包括多个均等地间隔开的径向延伸孔436，每个孔均可以具有与其相关联的锁定构件460，如图9和图13中最佳示出的。每个孔436均可以具有位于夹头构件430的内表面处的直径，孔436的直径可以具有第二长度，其中孔436的第二长度小于锁定构件460的第一长度以限制锁定构件460的径向向内运动，使得锁定构件460被捕获在通道310的表面和夹头构件430的孔436之间。
保持机构40（鼻部）还可以包括具有大致环形或圆盘形的盖构件480并且可以包括一对相对设置的轴向延伸突出部482，这对轴向延伸突出部具有弧形延伸部以用于插入通道310的凹部中。盖构件480可以位于手持件30的远端33的凹部311中，以在用于夹头构件430的远端处将夹头组件50保持在通道310中。盖构件480可以固定至手持件30的远端33并且可以另选地以可移除的方式固定以允许维修夹头组件。盖构件480的圆盘部的内边缘可以与夹头构件430的内表面461对准，以提供用于接收手术工具20的端部24的相对连续表面。
手持件30的通道310还可以由均等地间隔开并且与夹头构件430的相应的锁定构件460和相应孔（通道）436略微偏移对准的多个凹部38（沟槽）。当夹头构件430处于第一或锁定位置时，每个锁定构件460均可以偏移到每个相应的凹部38的端部，使得每个锁定构件460均可以接合通道310的壁并且可以被径向向内压迫使得锁定构件460相对固定就位，锁定构件460的至少一部分径向向内延伸超过夹头构件460的内表面以接合手术工具或装置20的端部24的环形槽25，从而将手术工具20保持在手持件30中。夹头组件50的致动可以旋转夹头构件430，该夹头构件可以使每个锁定构件460朝着通道310中的每个相应的凹部38移动（即，在顺时针或逆时针方向上旋转），使得通道310的壁不再能将锁定构件径向向内压迫如图11至图14所示的第二或解锁（或解开）位置。凹部38可以呈主体30的径向和周向延伸沟槽的形式。如本文所述的，通过按压按钮410，夹头构件430抵抗偏压构件470的偏压力通过倾斜表面413和433的相互作用而旋转。
实际上，手术设备10的操作者可以以任何合适的方式握持手持件30，以呈现远端33并且在握持手术设备10的同时，还按压两个按钮410以将夹头组件50从第一或锁定位置移到第二或解锁位置。在夹头组件处于解锁位置的情况下，操作者因此可以将手术工具20的端部24插入保持件30的远端33中并且释放按钮410。在释放按钮410时，偏压构件470的偏压力将通过旋转夹头构件430而使夹头组件50朝着第一或锁定位置移动，该夹头构件使锁定构件460朝着凹部38的端部移动直到通道310的壁使锁定构件在夹头构件430的孔436中沿径向向内移动。偏压构件470的力可以使夹头构件430旋转并且由此可以迫使每个锁定构件460在每个孔或通道436中径向向内移动直到每个锁定构件460的第二长度均干涉其相应的孔436的长度并且被锁定在第一或锁定位置中，此时锁定构件460的一部分突出到手术工具的环形槽25中。锁定构件460的突出到环形槽25中的部分可以限制和/或防止手术工具20从手持件30被移除。手术工具20将由保持机构40保持在手持件30的通道310中，直到操作者致动两个按钮410。图16示出了设置在刀片保持机构中的夹头构件430的剖面图，其中剖面贯穿位于径向延伸通道35中的轴向可移动按钮。
只要在任何较低值和任何较高值之间存在至少2个单位的间隔，本文所述或图中的任何数值均旨在包括从下限值到上限值以一个单位的增量的所有值。作为示例，如果说组分的量或过程变量的值（例如，温度、压力、时间等）例如从1至90，优选地从20至80，更优选地从30至70，则在本说明书中也要列举表达值（诸如15至85、22至68、43至51、30至32等）。对于小于一的值，一个单位视情况而定被认为是0.0001、0.001、0.01或0.1。这些仅是具体所要表达的内容的示例，并且列举的最低值和最高值之间的数值的所有可能组合被认为是在本申请中以类似方式表达叙述。如可以看到的，本文表示为“重量份”的量的教导也预期以重量百分比来表达的相同的范围。因此，以“所形成的聚合混合料的‘X’重量份”表达的范围的本发明的详述中的表达也预期所形成的聚合混合料的“X”重量百分比的相同叙述量的范围的教导。
除非另作说明，所有范围包括两个端点和端点之间的所有数字。与范围结合使用的“大约”或“近似”适用于范围的两端。因此，“大约20至30”旨在涵盖“大约20至大约30”，包括至少指定的端点在内。
包括专利申请和公开的所有文章和参考文献的公开出于所有目的通过引用并入。描述组合的术语“基本上包括”应该包括确定的元件、成分、部件或步骤，以及不会显著地影响组合的基本和新颖特征的那些其他元件、成分、部分或步骤。本文描述元件、成分、部件或步骤的组合的术语“包括着”或“包含着”的使用旨在为开放式术语并且还预期基本包括元件、成分、部件或步骤的实施方式。本文通过使用术语“可以”，任何描述的属性“可以”被包括在内旨在是可选的。
多个元件、成分、部件或步骤可以由单个集成的、成分、部件或步骤提供。另选地，单个集成的元件、成分、部件或步骤可以被分成单独的多个元件、成分、部件或步骤。描述元件、成分、部件或步骤的“一”或“一个”的公开并不旨在排除附加的元件、成分、部件或步骤。
将理解的是，上述描述制造是例证性的而不是限制性的。除提供的示例之外许多实施方式以及许多应用对于本领域技术人员在阅读上述描述时将是显而易见的。本发明的范围应该因此不仅参照上述描述来确定，而且应该代替地参照所附权利要求，连同这样的权利要求给予权利的等同要求的全部范围内来确定。本文公开的主题的任何方面的权利要求中的省略不是这样的主题的放弃，也不应被看作，本发明不会将这样的主题考虑为所公开的发明的主题的一部分。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于选择性地将手术工具(20)保持到手术设备(10)的联接组件，该联接组件包括保持构件(40)，其中该保持构件包括：i)夹头组件(50)，该夹头组件包括具有第一倾斜表面(433)的夹头构件(430)；以及ii)按钮(410)，该按钮具有与所述夹头构件(430)的所述第一倾斜表面(433)互补的倾斜表面(413)；其中所述按钮(410)的径向运动使所述夹头构件(430)作旋转运动以将所述手术工具(20)从所述手术设备(10)脱开。
2.根据权利要求1所述的联接组件，其中，所述第一倾斜表面(433)具有非平坦部表面。
3.根据权利要求2所述的联接组件，其中，所述非平坦部表面具有大约8度角。
4.一种手术设备(10)，该手术设备包括：
a.手持件(30)，该手持件包括：
i.具有近端和远端(33)的第一大致圆筒形通道(310)；
ii.从所述第一大致圆筒形通道(310)延伸的第二径向延伸通道(35)；以及
iii.凹部(38)；
b.根据权利要求1至3中的任一项所述的联接组件，其中所述夹头构件(430)被支撑以在所述手持件(30)的所述第一大致圆筒形通道(310)中旋转运动，所述夹头构件(430)包括：
i.具有第一长度的通道(436)；以及
ii.内表面(461)；
c.偏压构件(470)，该偏压构件在所述手持件(30)的所述第一大致圆筒形通道(310)内在第一旋转方向上偏压所述夹头构件(430)；以及
d.锁定构件(460)，该锁定构件具有第二长度，所述锁定构件(460)对准在所述夹头构件(430)的所述通道(436)中并且沿径向向内延伸超过所述夹头构件(430)的所述内表面(461)，所述锁定构件(460)的所述第二长度大于所述夹头构件(430)的所述通道(436)的所述第一长度，其中所述夹头构件(430)限制所述锁定构件(460)并且将所述锁定构件(460)保持在所述手持件(30)的所述第一大致圆筒形通道(310)内，
其中，所述按钮(410)在所述手持件(30)的所述第二径向延伸通道(35)中能够沿径向移动，并且所述按钮(410)的所述倾斜表面(413)接合所述夹头构件(430)的所述第一倾斜表面(433)，并且
其中所述按钮(410)的抵抗所述偏压构件(470)的力的径向向内运动使所述夹头构件(430)在所述第一大致圆筒形通道(310)内旋转并且将所述锁定构件(460)从第一锁定位置移动到第二解锁位置，其中所述锁定构件(460)能够沿径向向外移动以至少部分地位于所述手持件(30)的所述凹部(38)中。
5.根据权利要求4所述的手术设备，所述手术设备包括两个所述按钮(410)，其中所述第二径向延伸通道(35)包括位于所述第一大致圆筒形通道(310)的相对两侧上的两个径向延伸部，并且其中所述两个按钮(410)中的每个按钮均定位在所述第二径向延伸通道(35)的所述两个径向延伸部中的一个中，其中所述两个按钮(410)的径向向内运动使所述夹头构件(430)在所述第一大致圆筒形通道(310)内旋转。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的手术设备，其中，所述锁定构件(460)包括滚珠，并且其中当所述手术设备从所述第一锁定位置向所述第二解锁位置移动时，所述滚珠在所述通道(436)中沿径向移动。
7.根据权利要求4或5所述的手术设备，该手术设备还包括盖构件(480)，该盖构件与所述夹头构件(430)的远端(462)对准以用于覆盖所述夹头构件(430)并覆盖所述手持件(30)的所述第一大致圆筒形通道(310)的所述远端(33)的至少一部分。
8.根据权利要求7所述的手术设备，其中，所述盖构件(480)为圆盘形并且包括第一突出部和第二突出部(482)，每个突出部均在与所述手持件(30)的所述第一大致圆筒形通道(310)的轴线对准的方向上延伸并且所述第一突出部和第二突出部(482)相对地间隔开。
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