CN103697896A - Unmanned aerial vehicle route planning method - Google Patents
Unmanned aerial vehicle route planning method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103697896A CN103697896A CN201410012975.6A CN201410012975A CN103697896A CN 103697896 A CN103697896 A CN 103697896A CN 201410012975 A CN201410012975 A CN 201410012975A CN 103697896 A CN103697896 A CN 103697896A
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
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Abstract
The invention discloses an unmanned aerial vehicle route planning method. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, initializing a task map, marking a Start (xstart, ystart), a Goal (xgoal, ygoal) and the coordinate of a barrier, and calculating the minimum safety turning radius R of and unmanned aerial vehicle; secondly, setting the Start as a Node [0] and the Goal as a Node [-1], finding the coordinates of other nodes, and establishing a binary tree by using a structural body; and thirdly, reading the binary tree by using a depth-first lvalue traversing method, sequentially recording the sequences of the nodes, and storing connecting lines between every two adjacent nodes and a route into a matrix Path[], wherein the route is generated by using a Dijkstra algorithm. Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a concrete node calibration method; the diversity of the route is increased through drawing a vertical line on any position on a connecting line between two points; and a non-evolutional calculating method is adopted, so that the calculating time is shortened, the storage space is reduced, and the stability of the algorithm is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to unmanned plane technical field, relate in particular to a kind of unmanned plane paths planning method.
Background technology
Along with the development of informationization technology, unmanned plane (UAV) is applied obtaining in military field and civil area more gradually.One of gordian technique in unmanned plane application is path planning.The object of path planning (Path Planning) is between given area, finds out a connection source and terminal, the path of Least-cost.
Path planning is a NP-Complete problem, so far, does not have yet fixing optimal algorithm.The path planning algorithm of main flow has: Dijkstra, A*, evolution algorithm (Genetic Algorithm), Artificial Potential Field Method (Artificial Potential Field) etc.But the computation complexity of these algorithms is higher, its calculated amount is along with the increase of map is index rising.
In calendar year 2001, Cem Hocaoglu and Arthur C.Sanderson have proposed a kind of computation complexity and the big or small irrelevant path planning HOCAOGLU algorithm of map in < < Planning Multiple Paths with Evolutionary Speciation > >, HOCAOGLU algorithm computation complexity is only relevant to the barrier quantity of map, map is more complicated, the node that path needs is just more, the search volume of HOCAOGLU algorithm is just larger, thereby cause the lifting of algorithm calculation cost, if and for a kind of extreme case---the map of clear, the computation complexity of HOCAOGLU algorithm is constant, HOCAOGLU algorithm has been avoided the excessive problem of most of path planning algorithms operand on big map.
Although, still there is intrinsic defect in the above-mentioned multiple advantage of HOCAOGLU algorithm.HOCAOGLU algorithm does not provide the concrete grammar of establishing node, but adopts evolution algorithm to search for; Meanwhile, HOCAOGLU algorithm, in order to reduce the search volume of evolution algorithm, is only made vertical line on the mid point of 2 lines, and this has reduced the diversity in path, often can cause algorithm search less than feasible path.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of unmanned plane paths planning method, while utilizing HOCAOGLU algorithm calculating path to solve in prior art, cannot specifically the determining node and reduce Path diversity and then often cannot search out the problem of feasible path of existence.
For realizing object of the present invention, the invention provides a kind of unmanned plane paths planning method, described method comprises the steps:
The first step, initialization task map, mark starting point Start (x
start, y
start), terminal Goal (x
goal, y
goal) and the coordinate of barrier, calculate the minimum safe turning radius R of described unmanned plane;
Second step, setting starting point is node Node[0] and terminal be node Node[-1], search other node coordinate, with structure, set up binary tree, described structure comprises variable: node is at the position double Position, the node coordinate int X that belong to originally on line, Y, obstacle height double Height, left child node node*Child_Left,
Right child node node*Child_Right, left father node node*Father_Left, right father node node*Father_Right,
Wherein said other node coordinate of searching, comprises the steps:
(1) for any Node[i], i=-1,0,1 ... i, makes itself and Node[i-1] between carry out line, described line belongs to line originally described in being;
(2) judge described Node[i] and described Node[i-1] between line distance,
If be less than 6R and line, by described barrier, blocked, can be judged to be and enter dead angle, return to last layer and again choose Node[i] node;
If be greater than 6R and line is blocked by barrier, K (x sets up an office
k, y
k) upper at line (Node[i-1], Node[i]), make K (x
k, y
k) from Node[i-1] along this line stepping, move to Node[i], form array K[Len]; For K[Len] upper each some K[i in barrier region], to line both sides, make vertical line H[i], record it apart from the distance at barrier edge, if this barrier is extended to map M[Width] [Height] edge this side all refuse record;
(3) at array H[i] both sides among select respectively K[i] to a value of the distance absolute value maximum at barrier edge, be designated as respectively H
mAX1and H
mAX2, the point of its correspondence is designated as K (x
mAX1, y
mAX1) and K (x
mAX2, y
mAX2); At a K (x
mAX1, y
mAX1) and K (x
mAX2, y
mAX2) on all make height H eight=H
mAXvertical line, choose K (x
mAX1, y
mAX1) and K (x
mAX2, y
mAX2) the shortest one of 2 vertical lines is Node[i+1]; Judge Node[i+1] to Node[i] and Node[i-1] between line whether have barrier, if have, Node[i+1] replace with another one point, continue to judge Node[i+1] to Node[i] and Node[i-1] between line whether have barrier, if have, make Height with
for unit stepping (if 1 of less than take 1 as unit stepping), continue to judge Node[i+1] to Node[i] and Node[i-1] between line whether have barrier, until:
(3-A): if Node[i+1] to Node[i] and Node[i-1] between the equal clear of line block; By Height, K (x
mAX, y
mAX) count Node[i+1]; Return to upper level;
If (3-B) Height progressively increases and makes K (x
mAX, y
mAX) barriers to entry object area, select another one point repeating step (3), if still fail, find and Node[i] and Node[i-1] between the some Node[i+1 that stops of clear], carry out step (3-C);
If (3-C) both sides are all without can being directly communicated with Node[i] and Node[i-1] point, search for a some Node[i] make it to meet itself and Node[i] and Node[i-1] line in, the barrier region summation of passing through is minimum.And make multiplicity add one: Count=Count+1;
If multiplicity Count meets: Count >=Level_Max-Level+1, (Level is the binary tree number of plies at this node place, Level_Max is the maximum number of plies of binary tree when front construction), force to use dijkstra's algorithm, take Node[i] be starting point, Node[i-1] carry out path planning for terminal;
If generated feasible path, record path track, and carry out step (4).
If fail, generate feasible path, judge and entered dead angle.Return to step (1) and again choose Node[i] node.
(4) check node Node[i] and left side father node Node[i-2] between line on have clear.Method is with the step that checks left side.
(5) repeat above-mentioned steps, complete binary tree foundation;
The 3rd step, reads binary tree with depth-first lvalue traversal method, record successively node sequence, deposits the line between adjacent node and the path that adopted dijkstra's algorithm to generate in matrix Path[] among.
Preferably, carry out path smooth processing, upgrade described path matrix, described step of carrying out path smooth processing specifically comprises: for each node Node[i], the A that sets up an office, B, A, B point is from Node[i], along path respectively to two side shiftings, on A, B point, respectively inside angular direction work height is the vertical line of R, when the vertical line end of the two intersects, stops, and note intersection point is O, take O as the center of circle, R is that radius is justified, and gets arc AB and replaces A-Node[i]-B broken line, and upgrade Path[].
Preferably, described barrier comprises enemy radar security area and highly protruding over the landform of unmanned plane during flying height.On map, enemy radar security area and the landform projection that highly surpasses UAV flying height are labeled as to barrier.
The present invention, compared with prior art, has proposed the concrete scaling method of a kind of node, by optional position on 2 lines, makes vertical line, has increased the diversity in path; Adopt the computing method of non-evolution, saved computing time and storage space, increased the stability of algorithm.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is method flow diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the method flow diagram that the present invention searches other node;
Fig. 3 is that the present invention judges K[i] to barrier edge value schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is that the present invention chooses Node[i+1] schematic diagram of node;
Fig. 5 is that the present invention chooses Node[i] schematic diagram of node;
Fig. 6 is the path example schematic diagram that the present invention plans;
Fig. 7 is smooth paths schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is specific embodiment of the invention schematic diagram;
Embodiment
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect clearer, below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be understood to specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, be not limited to protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, the invention provides a kind of unmanned plane paths planning method, described method comprises the steps:
Step S101, initialization task map, mark starting point Start (x
start, y
start), terminal Goal
(xgoal, y
goal) and the coordinate of barrier, calculate the minimum safe turning radius R of described unmanned plane;
Initialization map, is divided into grid by the mission area of this flight of UAV, and according to dividing mode, calculates the minimum safe turning radius of UAV.According to mission requirements and concrete condition, on map, enemy radar security area and the landform projection that highly surpasses UAV flying height are labeled as to barrier.
Step S102, setting starting point is node Node[0] and terminal be node Node[-1], search other node coordinate, with structure, set up binary tree, described structure comprises variable: node is at the position double Position, the node coordinate int X that belong to originally on line, Y, obstacle height double Height, left child node node*Child_Left, right child node node*Child_Right, left father node node*Father_Left, right father node node*Father_Right are as follows in detail, and with structure, Node sets up binary tree.
Wherein said other node coordinate of searching, comprises the steps, as shown in Figure 2:
Step S201, starts;
Step S202, Node[i] and Node[i-1] between line on whether have barrier if so, to jump to step S203; If not, jump to step S208;
(1) for any Node[i], i=-1,0,1 ... i, makes itself and Node[i-1] between carry out line, described line belongs to line originally described in being;
(2) judge described Node[i] and described Node[i-1] between line distance,
If be less than 6R and line, by described barrier, blocked, can be judged to be and enter dead angle, return to last layer and again choose Node[i] node;
Step S203, at Node[i] and Node[i-1] between line on find the highest point of perpendicular line and intersection, barrier edge;
If be greater than 6R and line is blocked by barrier, K (x sets up an office
k, y
k) upper at line (Node[i-1], Node[i]), make K (x
k, y
k) from Node[i-1] along this line stepping, move to Node[i], form array K[Len]; For K[Len] upper each some K[i in barrier region], to line both sides, make vertical line H[i], record it apart from the distance at barrier edge, if this barrier is extended to map M[Width] [Height] edge this side all refuse record; As shown in Figure 3, K[i] some upside numerical value be effective.
(3) at array H[i] both sides among select respectively K[i] to a value of the distance absolute value maximum at barrier edge, be designated as respectively H
mAX1and H
mAX2, the point of its correspondence is designated as K (x
mAX1, y
mAX1) and K (x
mAX2, y
mAX2); At a K (x
mAX1, y
mAX1) and K (x
mAX2, y
mAX2) on all make height H eight=H
mAXvertical line, choose K (x
mAX1, y
mAX1) and K (x
mAX2, y
mAX2) the shortest one of 2 vertical lines is Node[i+1]; As shown in Figure 4.
Step S204, take k as Node[i+1], increase gradually vertical line height until intersect with barrier;
Whether step S205, there is Node[i+1] make itself and Node[i] and Node[i-1] between line on do not have barrier if not, jump to step S206; If so, jump to step S208;
Judge Node[i+1] to Node[i] and Node[i-1] between line whether have barrier, if have, Node[i+1] replace with another one point, continue to judge Node[i+1] to Node[i] and Node[i-1] between line whether have barrier, if have, make Height with
for unit stepping (if 1 of less than take 1 as unit stepping), continue to judge Node[i+1] to Node[i] and Node[i-1] between line whether have barrier, until:
Step S206, i=i-1, returns to last layer and reorientates; Jump to step S203;
(3-A): if Node[i+1] to Node[i] and Node[i-1] between the equal clear of line block; By Height, K (x
mAX, y
mAX) count Node[i+1]; Return to upper level;
If (3-B) Height progressively increases and makes K (x
mAX, y
mAX) barriers to entry object area, select another one point repeating step (3), if still fail, find and Node[i] and Node[i-1] between the some Node[i+1 that stops of clear], carry out step (3-C);
If (3-C) both sides are all without can being directly communicated with Node[i] and Node[i-1] point, search for a some Node[i] make it to meet itself and Node[i] and Node[i-1] line in, the barrier region summation of passing through is minimum.And make multiplicity add one: Count=Count+1; As shown in Figure 5,
If multiplicity Count meets: Count >=Level_Max-Level+1, (Level is the binary tree number of plies at this node place, Level_Max is the maximum number of plies of binary tree when front construction), force to use dijkstra's algorithm, take Node[i] be starting point, Node[i-1] carry out path planning for terminal;
Step S207, i=i+1, processes next node; Jump to step S202;
Step S208, Node[i+1] whether be that if so, terminal jumps to step S209; Jump to if not step S207;
Step S209, finishes.
If generated feasible path, record path track, and carry out step (4).
If fail, generate feasible path, judge and entered dead angle.Return to step (1) and again choose Node[i] node.
(4) check node Node[i] and left side father node Node[i-2] between line on have clear.Method is with the step that checks left side.
(5) repeat above-mentioned steps, complete binary tree foundation;
Step S103, reads binary tree with depth-first lvalue traversal method, record successively node sequence, deposits the line between adjacent node and the path that adopted dijkstra's algorithm to generate in matrix Path[] among.As shown in Figure 6.
The present invention determines to carry out path smooth processing according to particular problem, if desired processes, for each node Node[i], the A that sets up an office, B.A, B point is from Node[i], along path, respectively to two side shiftings, on A, B point, respectively inside angular direction work height is the vertical line of R, when the vertical line end of the two intersects, stops, note intersection point is O.Take O as the center of circle, and R is that radius is justified, and gets arc AB and replaces A-Node[i]-B broken line, as shown in Figure 7, and upgrade Path[], final, matrix Path[] be path.
As shown in Figure 8, be specific embodiments of the invention.
Test map: size 1000 * 1000, map center has the barrier of a radius 100, separately in random coordinates, generates the circular barrier of 5 radius 30-130, and total barrier area takes up an area 18.84% of figure.
Unmanned plane radius of turn is made as 10.
This algorithm has carried out 100 tests on this map, is about 1.41 seconds average calculating operation time, and traditional dijkstra's algorithm needs 10.61 seconds consuming time.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a unmanned plane paths planning method, is characterized in that, described method comprises the steps:
The first step, initialization task map, mark starting point Start (x
start, y
start), terminal Goal (x
goal, y
goal) and the coordinate of barrier, calculate the minimum safe turning radius R of described unmanned plane;
Second step, setting starting point is node Node[0] and terminal be node Node[-1], search other node coordinate, with structure, set up binary tree, described structure comprises variable: node is at the position double Position, the node coordinate int X that belong to originally on line, Y, obstacle height double Height, left child node node*Child_Left, right child node node*Child_Right, left father node node*Father_Left, right father node node*Father_Right
Wherein said other node coordinate of searching, comprises the steps:
(1) for any Node[i], i=-1,0,1 ... i, makes itself and Node[i-1] between carry out line, described line belongs to line originally described in being;
(2) judge described Node[i] and described Node[i-1] between line distance,
If be less than 6R and line, by described barrier, blocked, can be judged to be and enter dead angle, return to last layer and again choose Node[i] node;
If be greater than 6R and line is blocked by barrier, K (x sets up an office
k, y
k) upper at line (Node[i-1], Node[i]), make K (x
k, y
k) from Node[i-1] along this line stepping, move to Node[i], form array K[Len]; For K[Len] upper each some K[i in barrier region], to line both sides, make vertical line H[i], record it apart from the distance at barrier edge, if this barrier is extended to map M[Width] [Height] edge this side all refuse record;
(3) at array H[i] both sides among select respectively K[i] to a value of the distance absolute value maximum at barrier edge, be designated as respectively H
mAX1and H
mAX2, the point of its correspondence is designated as K (x
mAX1,y
mAX1) and K (x
mAX2, y
mAX2); At a K (x
mAX1, y
mAX1) and K (x
mAX2, y
mAX2) on all make height H eight=H
mAXvertical line, choose K (x
mAX1, y
mAX1) and K (x
mAX2, y
mAX2) the shortest one of 2 vertical lines is Node[i+1]; Judge Node[i+1] to Node[i] and Node[i-1] between line whether have barrier, if have, Node[i+1] replace with another one point, continue to judge Node[i+1] to Node[i] and Node[i-1] between line whether have barrier, if have, make Height with
for unit stepping (if 1 of less than take 1 as unit stepping), continue to judge Node[i+1] to Node[i] and Node[i-1] between line whether have barrier, until:
(3-A): if Node[i+1] to Node[i] and Node[i-1] between the equal clear of line block; By Height, K (x
mAX, y
mAX) count Node[i+1]; Return to upper level;
If (3-B) Height progressively increases and makes K (x
mAX, y
mAX) barriers to entry object area, select another one point repeating step (3), if still fail, find and Node[i] and Node[i-1] between the some Node[i+1 that stops of clear], carry out step (3-C);
If (3-C) both sides are all without can being directly communicated with Node[i] and Node[i-1] point, search for a some Node[i] make it to meet itself and Node[i] and Node[i-1] line in, the barrier region summation of passing through is minimum.And make multiplicity add one: Count=Count+1;
If multiplicity Count meets: Count >=Level_Max-Level+1, (Level is the binary tree number of plies at this node place, Level_Max is the maximum number of plies of binary tree when front construction), force to use dijkstra's algorithm, take Node[i] be starting point, Node[i-1] carry out path planning for terminal;
If generated feasible path, record path track, and carry out step (4).
If fail, generate feasible path, judge and entered dead angle.Return to step (1) and again choose Node[i] node.
(4) check node Node[i] and left side father node Node[i-2] between line on have clear.Method is with the step that checks left side.
(5) repeat above-mentioned steps, complete binary tree foundation;
The 3rd step, reads binary tree with depth-first lvalue traversal method, record successively node sequence, deposits the line between adjacent node and the path that adopted dijkstra's algorithm to generate in matrix Path[] among.
2. unmanned plane paths planning method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, carry out path smooth processing, upgrade described path matrix, described step of carrying out path smooth processing specifically comprises: for each node Node[i], A, B set up an office, A, B point is from Node[i], along path, respectively to two side shiftings, on A, B point, respectively inside angular direction work height is the vertical line of R, when intersecting, the vertical line end of the two stops, note intersection point is O, take O as the center of circle, and R is that radius is justified, get arc AB and replace A-Node[i]-B broken line, and upgrade Path[].
3. unmanned plane paths planning method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described barrier comprises enemy radar security area and highly surpasses the landform projection of unmanned plane during flying height.On map, enemy radar security area and the landform projection that highly surpasses UAV flying height are labeled as to barrier.
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