CN103630453B - One can control high-precision grinding study mechanism experimental provision - Google Patents
One can control high-precision grinding study mechanism experimental provision Download PDFInfo
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- CN103630453B CN103630453B CN201310554164.4A CN201310554164A CN103630453B CN 103630453 B CN103630453 B CN 103630453B CN 201310554164 A CN201310554164 A CN 201310554164A CN 103630453 B CN103630453 B CN 103630453B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to one and can control high-precision grinding study mechanism experimental provision, this experimental provision comprises following characteristics: the structure mutual deviation on matrix 120 ° distribution; Upper T-shaped slide block and lower T-shaped slide block are relatively arranged in the chute of matrix; Diamond tool and lower T-shaped slide block premise clearance fit; Round mouth fixture is positioned on matrix, adjoins T-shaped slide block; Axial screw dial gauge (resolution is 1 μm) is positioned on T-shaped slide block, cooperatively interacts with round mouth fixture; Three radial spiral dial gauge (resolution is 10 μm) mutual deviations 120 ° are distributed on matrix; Can control based on this device, the characteristic such as high precision, propose the new approaches of single abrasive particle, two abrasive particles and many abrasive particle Multi-angle omnibearing research grinding principle, especially study the affecting laws of the adjacent abrasive grains axial spacing different between abrasive particle and radial spacing effects on surface formation mechenism and Material Removal Mechanism.Structure of the present invention is simple, easy to operate, and research method is novel unique, and practicality is comparatively strong, and measuring accuracy is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to controlled high-precision grinding study mechanism experimental provision and the research method in a kind of Material Testing Technology and mechanical engineering Precision Machining field, interference effect when in particular grinding medium plain emery wheel linear velocity is greater than 30m/s between adjacent abrasive grains and abrasive particle is to the experimental provision of difficult-to-machine material precision/ultra-precision surface formation mechenism and Study on Material Removal Mechanism and method.
Background technology
Along with science and technology and industrial development, more and more higher to the requirement of engineering goods and parts usability thereof, as required, the specific strength of material is high, high temperature resistant, corrosion-resistant, low strain dynamic and surface/sub-surface low damnification even not damaged etc.For this reason, many novel difficult-to-machine materials have been there is, as new structure pottery, function ceramics, contemporary optics material, optical crystal and monocrystalline silicon piece etc.Because these difficult-to-machine materials have a series of excellent mechanical and physical performance, so it is all widely applied in laser technology, optical communication, photoelectron, Aero-Space navigation and national defense industry field.But these difficult-to-machine materials often easily produce the defects such as grinding force is large, grinding temperature is high, emery wheel is easy to wear, grinding ratio is lower, surface integrity is poor when grinding.If precision machined part exists harmful cutter trade such as surface tear, rough surface and larger surface/sub-surface damage, large residual tension or the defect such as compressive stress, Surface hardened layer and pollution layer, distortion of lattice layer after grinding, the precision component of high performance requirements will certainly be caused to reduce and even catastrophic consequence fatigue lifetime.Wherein, whether deeply understand difficult-to-machine material grinding principle and whether choose reasonable grinding process parameters all will produce vital impact to the surface integrity of part after grinding, surface formation mechenism and Material Removal Mechanism are determined by material behavior, abrasive material geometric configuration, abrasive material incision motion and the factor reciprocation such as the machinery acted on workpiece and abrasive particle and thermal force, and grinding process parameters is by the result of the combined factors effects such as grinding speed, table feed speed and grinding depth.In addition, emery wheel is the crucial executive component in Grinding Process, the surface appearance of emery wheel has significant impact to machined surface quality, the efficient removal of material, the high-quality of grinding skin are shaped and the effective supply of liquid coolant all requires that the abrasive particle on wheel face must have rational cutting edge spacing, surperficial contour and enough chip spaces, otherwise, easily cause work pieces process efficiency low, crudy is difficult to ensure, surface/sub-surface damage is large waits deficiency.
Grinding principle is all the difficult point in precision/Ultra-precision Turning research all the time.As a kind of simplified model of wheel grinding process, single grain grinding is the effective ways inquiring into complicated grinding principle.But on the one hand, compared with the grinding test of emery wheel, single grain grinding testing requirements test unit must have very high precision, meets the requirement of strength under high speed conditions simultaneously; On the other hand, grinding process is interacted with machined material by a large amount of abrasive particle simultaneously and completes the removal of material, in the process, owing to participating in that the abrasive particle quantity of grinding is many, the randomness of abrasive grain cutting tooth shape shape and position is large, grinding speed is high etc., and many factors influences each other, and only relies on single grain grinding to study surperficial formation mechenism and Material Removal Mechanism is inadequate.Distribution due to wheel face abrasive particle is rambling, interference effect is there is between abrasive particle and abrasive particle in grinding process, this to a certain extent will certainly effects on surface be shaped and material removal impact, in order to Multi-angle omnibearing study grinding principle, two abrasive particles and many abrasive particle grindings will become systematic study surface formation mechenism and the requisite research method of Material Removal Mechanism.Therefore, in order to improve difficult-to-machine material working (machining) efficiency, obtain higher Grindability and high-quality surface of the work integrality, by adamas single abrasive particle, two abrasive particles and many abrasive particle Experimental Research on Grinding, the affecting laws analysing in depth grinding parameter and the interference effect effects on surface formation mechenism between abrasive particle and abrasive particle and Material Removal Mechanism is research difficult-to-machine material grinding principle, process optimization and the important channel instructing emery wheel design and manufaction stage and the finishing of grinding process medium plain emery wheel etc.
At present, the mature equipment of carrying out surperficial formation mechenism and Study on Material Removal Mechanism mainly concentrates on scratching test unit: the ModelTR-102-M3 scratching instrument that the NanoTestTM Vantage nanometer mechanics test macro that the SMT scratching instrument that the TriboIndenter scratching instrument produced as the NanoIndenter XP scratching instrument of the production of American MTS company, Hysitron company of the U.S., NANOVEA company of the U.S. produce, MML company of Britain produce, Ducom company of India produce and Nano Scratch Tester (NST) scratching instrument etc. that CSM company of Switzerland produces.These special scratching test units being applied to testing of materials field have higher test accuracy and good stability and real time monitoring function, but, the scratching speed of these scratching test units is lower, and maximum scratching speed is 60mm/min, well below the grinding speed (being usually greater than 15m/s) during grinding, incomparable especially with the grinding speed in high speed/superhigh speed grinding situation.Therefore, when the grinding material removal mechanism that research engineering application is stronger, this type of scratching test unit cannot add the physical change process of surface of the work in man-hour by accurate simulation wheel grinding.
In addition, although Chinese scholars is some simple single grain grinding devices of designed, designed in process of experimental, and the linear velocity of these individual particle grinding attachments emery wheel when can reach grinding, even high speed/superhigh speed grinding can be simulated, such as: through finding the retrieval of existing patent and document, number of patent application: US7302831B2, Moyse Allan H discloses a kind of Scratch testing device; Number of patent application: the people such as 201010300985.1, Yao Zhenqiang disclose a kind of optical glass proving installation; The people such as literature search number: J.Am.Ceram.Soc.88 (2005) 918-925, G.Subhash disclose a kind of A new scratch resistance measure for structuralceramics; The people such as literature search number: J.Am.Ceram.Soc.88 (2005) 918-925, G.Subhash disclose a kind of Sensitivity of scratch resistance to grinding-induced damage anisotropy in siliconnitride; Kumamoto University T.Matsuo etc. devises single abrasive particle micro cutting and scratching test unit, adopts granularity to be that the CBN of 14/20# and diamond abrasive grain have carried out micro cutting and scratching test to steel and aluminium oxide; Y.Ohbuchi adopts negative rake to be that the CBN of-45 ° ,-60 ° ,-75 ° and diamond abrasive grain have carried out Orthogonal Machining Tests to S50C steel respectively; France scholar Matthieu etc. replaces single abrasive particle to carry out scratching test with lathe tool, studies plastic yield and the cutting mechanisms of material in grinding process; Tokyo Institute of Technology Zhang Bi etc. have studied the method for single diamond abrasive grain scratching when adamantine tip angle is respectively 85 °, 108 °, 128 ° and 65 ° to the impact of the surface fracture of aluminium oxide; Bremen, Germany university E.Brinksmeier have studied low-speed conditions place an order an abrasive particle scratching time grinding speed and chip thickness on the impact of the formation mechenism of hardened steel abrasive dust; Northwestern Polytechnical University is yellow very, Ren Jingxin etc. has carried out the experimental study of single grain grinding the earliest; Huaqiao University woods thinks the surface topography bright, Xu Xipeng has carried out single diamond abrasive grain scratching simple glass and grinding force research ... the cutting behavior that these invention disclosed patents and single classical abrasive particle scratching test study single abrasive particle for us provides meaningful guidance.
But, all have some limitations from test unit or from research method: from test unit, a kind of is diamond abrasive grain by the method for bonding or soldering and matrix consolidation, another kind is that single abrasive particle maintains static, workpiece to be contained on abrasive disc and to do gyration with emery wheel, and the diamond abrasive grain in these two kinds of test units is all in concretion state, can not carry out controlled adjustment needed for test, what is more important, can not install many abrasive particles simultaneously, from research method, the test of common individual particle abrasive particle scratching cuts based on single abrasive particle thickly to equal grinding depth, but single abrasive particle is cut thick in actual grinding depth in the grinding process of reality, what is more important, these researchs only take into account the impact of single abrasive particle effects on surface formation mechenism and Material Removal Mechanism, fundamentally can not to explain on actual grinding process medium plain emery wheel the impact of interference effect effects on surface formation mechenism between a two abrasive particle or many abrasive particles and Material Removal Mechanism, analyze theoretically, interference effect between two abrasive particles or many abrasive particles will not be out of shape thickness of cutting h to single abrasive particle is maximum
mhave an impact, and single abrasive particle is maximum is not out of shape thickness of cutting h
mdirect interact relation is had, the problem such as easily cause abrasion of grinding wheel, Grinding Machining Quality not good to the grinding force in grinding process, grinding temperature.For two abrasive particle Experimental Research on Grinding, even if there is the relevant report of this respect, doctor Gu Weibin as Shanghai Communications University has carried out scratching experimental study to optical glass BK7, and result shows: there is an optimal spacing between abrasive particle and make material removal volume reach maximal value; But, twice scratching in this research produces based in the time interval situation of can not ignore, and hard brittle material comes from stress raisers in the formation adding crackle in man-hour, once after crack nucleation and propagation completes, the stress of local is concentrated and will be weakened, so the formation of the beginning of scratching process and crackle must based in limited time interval, otherwise by the cutting mechanisms of material when being different from wheel grinding, therefore, the method by the radial spacing that is unfavorable for illustrating on emery wheel between abrasive particle and abrasive particle on the impact of grinding principle.
In addition, Italy scholar Alberto Carpinteri and Stefano Invernizzi have studied from the angle of numerical simulation radial spacing between two pressure heads goes to get mechanism affecting laws to hard brittle material material, result shows: when the spacing between two pressure heads is 3 ~ 4 times of indenter size, while obtaining high material removing rate and low grinding energy ratio, also greatly will reduce the surperficial damage in surface/Asia, thus provide effective guidance for optimization super hard abrasive instrument; But this research does not only carry out effective experimental verification based on numerical simulation, more do not have a set of can the experimental provision of interference effect between abrasive particle and abrasive particle on real simulation emery wheel.
For above present situation; be badly in need of developing a kind of simple structure, cheap, easy to operate, control is accurate, multifunction high-precision difficult-to-machine material grinding principle research device, the interference effect effects on surface formation mechenism especially when two abrasive particles or many abrasive particle grindings between abrasive particle and abrasive particle and the impact of Material Removal Mechanism of real simulation high-speed grinding.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned technical matters, the present invention can control high-precision grinding study mechanism experimental provision and research method by proposing one, overcomes the drawback of prior art, realizes the difficult-to-machine material single grain grinding study mechanism that wheel grinding linear velocity is greater than 30m/s, which solves can not near a difficult problem of installing because of abrasive particle too small (50 μm ~ 200 μm) simultaneously, be convenient to the two abrasive particle of the high spot reviews axial spacing different between adjacent abrasive grains from abrasive particle in grinding process with many abrasive particles and the interference effect effects on surface formation mechenism of radial spacing and the impact of Material Removal Mechanism, thus be surperficial formation mechenism during further investigation difficult-to-machine material grinding and Material Removal Mechanism, improve the working (machining) efficiency of material and surface integrity and further for the crushing in the design and manufaction of super-abrasive grinding wheel landforms and grinding process provides reliable basis.
The technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of experimental provision controlling high-precision grinding study mechanism, mainly comprise matrix, upper T-shaped slide block, lower T-shaped slide block, diamond tool, axial screw dial gauge, radial spiral dial gauge, round mouth fixture, wherein matrix is connected with machine tool chief axis connecting link, and fixed by anti-loosing flat gasket and hexagonal nut, the axis of described matrix overlaps with the axis height of machine tool chief axis connecting link, structure mutual deviation on described matrix 120 ° distribution, it has groove, there is symmetrical line slide rail the both sides of groove end face and bottom surface, for the motion of upper T-shaped slide block and lower T-shaped slide block, have the blind hole for mounting spring inside groove, the other end of described spring is connected with the groove on lower T-shaped slide block, forms small reverse pretightning force, for balancing the acting force of radial spiral dial gauge, the threaded hole for installing radial spiral dial gauge and unthreaded hole is had outside groove, be a plane outside described unthreaded hole, for locating radial spiral dial gauge, described matrix central hole location top is provided with projecting apertures, and bottom is provided with shoulder hole, described matrix end face indicates scale near groove part, corresponding with the scale on upper T-shaped slide block.
In addition, upper T-shaped slide block and lower T-shaped slide block are relatively arranged in the groove of matrix, connected, wherein go up T-shaped its center position and have through hole by interior hexagonal cylindrical screw, for axial screw dial gauge with the use of; Upper T-shaped slide block upper surface portion indicates scale, corresponding with the scale on matrix end face, and form vernier caliper, diamond tool can reach 12.5 μm at the degree of regulation of radial position; The motion of upper T-shaped slide block on matrix can meet level and smooth movement, produces without creeping phenomenon.
According to a further aspect in the invention, lower T-shaped its center has ladder hole, upper shoulder hole be used for axial screw dial gauge with the use of, downstairs hole be used for diamond tool high-precision gap with the use of; Have groove on the left of it, for spring with the use of; Having threading steps hole on the right side of it, fixing diamond tool for installing holding screw.
According to a further aspect in the invention, upper T-shaped slide block and lower T-shaped slide block form a slide block group, and this slide block group sliding distance radially on matrix can reach 2mm, is enough to the radial spacing for characterizing on emery wheel between abrasive particle and abrasive particle.
According to a further aspect in the invention, diamond tool and lower T-shaped slide block premise clearance fit, by interior hexagonal cylindrical screw fastening, wherein the layout of diamond tool on matrix adopts arranged in concentric circles method; By rotary diamond instrument in the position of lower T-shaped slide block, the digging angle of diamond tool in grinding process can be selected; More abrasive particle grinding tests are realized by selecting the abrasive particle number on diamond tool.
According to a further aspect in the invention, round mouth fixture is positioned on matrix, adjoin T-shaped slide block, wherein the relative position of round mouth fixture and matrix immobilizes, when upper T-shaped slide block and lower T-shaped slide block and diamond tool overall mobile on groove after, the position of axial screw dial gauge also needs to change thereupon, and now round mouth fixture can realize the elasticity clamping of axial screw dial gauge.
According to a further aspect in the invention, axial screw dial gauge is through round mouth fixture, an end face on it is placed on T-shaped slide block, by three interior hexagonal cylindrical screws clamp of mutual deviation 120 ° distribution, for the relative position of minute adjustment diamond tool in axis; Radial spiral dial gauge mutual deviation 120 ° is distributed on matrix 1, be connected with matrix by self screw thread, by regulating the vernier adjustment knob on radial spiral dial gauge, make micrometric screw and upper T-shaped shoe contact and produce acting force, promote interconnective upper T-shaped slide block, lower T-shaped slide block and diamond tool entirety to slide in matrix groove, thus regulate diamond tool at the relative position of radial direction.
According to a further aspect in the invention, in order to ensure that axial screw dial gauge is with slide block group shift in position radially and changing on matrix, the through hole of round mouth fixture is the mobile space that axial screw dial gauge leaves 2mm, when diamond tool is after obtaining accurate abrasive particle axial spacing and abrasive particle radial spacing, axial screw dial gauge and round mouth fixture are unloaded from matrix.
The present invention compared to existing technology tool has the following advantages: apparatus of the present invention structure is simple, easy to operate, and research method is novel unique, and practicality is comparatively strong, and measuring accuracy is high.The present invention adopts the method design such as the distribution pattern of light-weighted structural design, structure mutual deviation 120 °, spiral micrometer fine setting technology, vernier caliper principle, diamond tool arranged in concentric circles and has manufactured a kind of device of multifunction high-precision grinding principle research of strong innovation, can control based on this device, the characteristic such as high precision, propose the new approaches of single abrasive particle, two abrasive particles and many abrasive particle Multi-angle omnibearing research grinding principle.The present invention can obtain different grinding speeds by the speed of adjusting tool main shaft, and grinding speed can reach 30m/s; Obtain different grinding depths by the feeding of adjusting tool Z axis, and resolution can reach 0.1 μm; In addition, the most important innovation of the present invention is: for surperficial formation mechenism during further investigation difficult-to-machine material grinding and Material Removal Mechanism, the working (machining) efficiency of raising material and surface integrity and further for the crushing in the design and manufaction of super-abrasive grinding wheel landforms and grinding process provides reliable basis.
Accompanying drawing explanation
To describe as preferred but nonrestrictive embodiment of the present invention now, these and other features of the present invention, aspect and advantage will become apparent when reading following detailed description in detail with reference to accompanying drawing, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the front elevation of experimental provision of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the vertical view of experimental provision of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the partial enlarged drawing of the vernier caliper part of experimental provision of the present invention.
In figure: 1-matrix; 2-round mouth fixture; 3-interior hexagonal cylindrical screw; 4-diamond tool; 5-hexagonal nut; 6-plain washer; 7-main shaft connecting link; 8-spring; 9-lower T-shaped slide block; 10-upper T-shaped slide block; 11-axial screw dial gauge; 12-interior hexagonal cylindrical screw; 13-interior hexagonal cylindrical screw; 14-interior hexagonal cylindrical screw; 15-radial spiral dial gauge.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiments of the invention are described in detail, following present detailed embodiment and concrete operating process, but protection scope of the present invention are not limited to following embodiment.The following description is only exemplary and be not to limit the disclosure, application or purposes in essence.Should be understood that, in whole accompanying drawing, corresponding Reference numeral represents identical or corresponding parts and feature.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2: the present embodiment comprises: matrix 1, upper T-shaped slide block 10, lower T-shaped slide block 9, diamond tool 4, axial screw dial gauge 11, radial spiral dial gauge 15, round mouth fixture 2.For convenience of description, the identical structure distribute to mutual deviation on device 120 ° or assembly carry out order label definition: as shown in Figure 2, certain part on handle assembly is defined as A, moves in the direction of the clock, and define B and C respectively.As diamond tool 4A, diamond tool 4B, diamond tool 4C.
Matrix 1 is connected with machine tool chief axis connecting link 7, and is fixed by anti-loosing flat gasket 6 and hexagonal nut 5, and the axis of matrix 1 overlaps with the axis height of machine tool chief axis connecting link 7.Wherein, the structure mutual deviation on matrix 1 120 ° distribution, it has groove, and there is symmetrical line slide rail the both sides of groove end face and bottom surface, for the motion of upper T-shaped slide block 10 and lower T-shaped slide block 9; Inside groove, (near axle center) has the blind hole for mounting spring 8, and the other end of spring 8 is connected with the groove on lower T-shaped slide block 9, forms small reverse pretightning force, for balancing the acting force of radial spiral dial gauge 15; Outside groove, (away from axle center) has threaded hole for installing radial spiral dial gauge 15 and unthreaded hole; Be a plane outside unthreaded hole, for locating radial spiral dial gauge 15; Matrix 1 central hole location top is provided with projecting apertures, and bottom is provided with shoulder hole; When design apparatus structure, consider that this device turns round at a high speed the huge centrifugal action produced, guarantee its safe and reliable operation under centrifugal action, the present invention adopts light-weighted structural design to matrix 1, hollow out inoperative part on matrix, as the fan groove part that circumference side lower notches part and mutual deviation 120 ° distribute; Matrix 1 end face indicates scale near groove part, corresponding with the scale on upper T-shaped slide block 10.
Upper T-shaped slide block 10 and lower T-shaped slide block 9 are relatively arranged in the groove of matrix, are connected by interior hexagonal cylindrical screw 12.Wherein, upper T-shaped slide block 10 centre has through hole, for axial screw dial gauge 15 with the use of; Upper T-shaped slide block 10 upper surface portion indicates scale, corresponding with the scale on matrix 1 end face, forms simple vernier caliper, and from vernier caliper principle, diamond tool 4 can reach 12.5 μm at the degree of regulation of radial position; The motion of upper T-shaped slide block 10 on matrix 1 can meet level and smooth movement, produces without creeping phenomenon.Lower T-shaped slide block 9 center has ladder hole, upper shoulder hole be used for axial screw dial gauge 11 with the use of, downstairs hole be used for diamond tool 4 high-precision gap with the use of; Have groove on the left of it, for spring 8 with the use of; Having threading steps hole on the right side of it, fixing diamond tool 4 for installing holding screw 14.In addition, upper T-shaped slide block 10 and lower T-shaped slide block 9 form a slide block group, and this slide block group sliding distance radially on matrix 1 can reach 2mm, is enough to the radial spacing for characterizing on emery wheel between abrasive particle and abrasive particle.
If desired study the impact of single grain grinding test effects on surface formation mechenism and Material Removal Mechanism, namely only have one to carry out grinding in three diamond tools, all the other two are only played equilibrium activity, if desired the impact of research two an abrasive particle effects on surface formation mechenism and Material Removal Mechanism in grinding process, namely the 3rd diamond tool plays equilibrium activity, now can accurately control the relative position of diamond tool 4 in axis by regulating axial screw dial gauge 11, can obtain diamond tool 4A and with it mutual deviation 120 ° distribution diamond tool 4B between axial spacing, be used for steadily promoting interconnective upper T-shaped slide block 10 by the effect of radial spiral dial gauge 15 and the opposite direction of spring 8, lower T-shaped slide block 9 and diamond tool 4 entirety are slided in matrix 1 groove, accurate adjustment diamond tool 4 is at the relative position of radial direction, the radial spacing between diamond tool 4A and diamond tool 4B can be obtained, in like manner, the situation of the similar two abrasive particle of impact of many abrasive particles effects on surface formation mechenism and Material Removal Mechanism in grinding process is studied.
Diamond tool 4 and lower T-shaped slide block 9 premise clearance fit, fastening by interior hexagonal cylindrical screw 14.Wherein, the layout of diamond tool 4 on matrix 1 adopts arranged in concentric circles method, can solve because of abrasive particle too small (50 μm ~ 200 μm) can not near a difficult problem of installing, and can radial spacing between free adjustment diamond tool 4A and diamond tool 4B and axial spacing; Consider the replacing problem of diamond tool 4 in test, for raising the efficiency, this device can realize the quick dispatch function of single abrasive particle easily; By rotary diamond instrument 4 in the position of lower T-shaped slide block 9, the digging angle of diamond tool 4 in grinding process can be selected; More abrasive particle grinding tests are realized by selecting the abrasive particle number on diamond tool 4.
Round mouth fixture 2 is positioned on matrix 1, adjoins T-shaped slide block 10.Wherein, round mouth fixture 2 immobilizes with the relative position of matrix 1, after upper T-shaped slide block 10 and lower T-shaped slide block 9 and this entirety of diamond tool 4 are mobile on groove, the position of axial screw dial gauge 11 also needs to change thereupon, and now round mouth fixture 2 can realize the elasticity clamping of axial screw dial gauge 11.
Axial screw dial gauge 11 (resolution is 1 μm) is through round mouth fixture 2, an end face on it is placed on T-shaped slide block 10, clamped, for the relative position of minute adjustment diamond tool 4 in axis by three interior hexagonal cylindrical screws 13 of mutual deviation 120 ° distribution; Radial spiral dial gauge 15 (resolution is 10 μm) mutual deviation 120 ° is distributed on matrix 1, be connected with matrix 1 by self screw thread, by regulating the vernier adjustment knob on radial spiral dial gauge 15, micrometric screw is made to contact with upper T-shaped slide block 10 and produce acting force, promote interconnective upper T-shaped slide block 10, lower T-shaped slide block 9 and diamond tool 4 entirety to slide in matrix 1 groove, thus regulate diamond tool 4 at the relative position of radial direction.In order to ensure that axial screw dial gauge 11 is with T-shaped slide block shift in position radially and changing on matrix 1, the through hole of round mouth fixture 2 is the mobile space that axial screw dial gauge 11 leaves 2mm.When diamond tool 4 is after obtaining accurate abrasive particle axial spacing and abrasive particle radial spacing, axial screw dial gauge 11 and round mouth fixture 2 are unloaded from matrix 1.
The present embodiment completes on the accurate digital control jig grinder MK2945C of high efficient grinding engineering center of country of Hunan University, and processing object is BK7 optical glass, and diamond tool 4 selects Vickers indenter V-2.Because single grain grinding process of the test is fairly simple, substantially without the need to carrying out too much adjustment to diamond tool, and part operation step is similar to a two abrasive particle grinding test, and in like manner, many abrasive particle grinding action steps are also similar to a two abrasive particle grinding test.
Therefore, the present embodiment selects a two abrasive particle grinding test to explain, and concrete test procedure is as follows:
(1) dynamometer is fixed on platen, vacuum cup is fixed on dynamometer, BK7 optical glass to be positioned on vacuum cup and to open vacuum pump and sucks, before two abrasive particle grinding tests, accurate grinding is carried out to surface of the work, to ensure that workpiece has certain flatness, its surface roughness Ra≤0.3 μm, and clean the surface of the work after grinding with acetone;
(2) matrix 1 is connected with main shaft connecting link 7, cover upper gasket 6, locking hexagonal nut 5, and main shaft connecting link 7 is arranged on machine tool chief axis;
(3) spring 8 is put into the correspondence position of matrix 1; Upper T-shaped slide block 10 and lower T-shaped slide block 9 are put into the groove of matrix 1, and connect with interior hexagonal cylindrical screw 12, ensure spring 8 and the fit depressions on lower T-shaped slide block 9 simultaneously;
(4) radial spiral dial gauge 15 is threaded connection on matrix 1, diamond tool 4 is encased in lower T-shaped slide block 9, regulate radial spiral dial gauge 15A and radial spiral dial gauge 15B, abrasive particle initial radial spacing L is set
0, initial radial spacing L
0value as far as possible bigger than normal, do not produce interference with the groove after ensureing two abrasive particle grindings, this initial radial spacing L
0scale value on the vernier caliper consisted of matrix 1 and upper T-shaped slide block 10 represents;
(5) initial radial spacing L is set
0after, tighten interior hexagonal cylindrical screw 12, upper T-shaped slide block 10 and lower T-shaped slide block 9 are fixed in the groove of matrix 1;
(6) round mouth fixture 2 is positioned on matrix 1, and locks with interior hexagonal cylindrical screw 3;
(7) by axial screw dial gauge 11 through round mouth fixture 2, upper T-shaped slide block 10 and lower T-shaped slide block 9, locking in hexagonal cylindrical screw 13; By range estimation, axial screw dial gauge 11 is regulated to make diamond tool 4A and diamond tool 4B in the distance of axial direction as far as possible near (with the top abrasive particle of diamond tool 4A for reference point), make diamond tool 4A and diamond tool 4B can both leave groove at BK7 optical glass surface, now there is an axial spacing in diamond tool 4A and diamond tool 4B, uses D
0represent, the stagnant sky of diamond tool 4C;
(8) characterizing method of diamond tool 4A and the axial spacing needed for diamond tool 4B is as follows: after step (7), round mouth fixture 2 and axial screw dial gauge 11 are unloaded from matrix 1, in regulating, diamond tool 4 locked by hexagonal cylindrical screw 14, then two pre-grinding test of an abrasive particle is carried out, obtain two grooves corresponding with diamond tool 4A and diamond tool 4B, be expressed as groove a and groove b, by workpiece as the degree of depth measuring groove a and groove b under microscope, obtain an initial depth difference DELTA D, this initial depth difference D
01the diamond tool 4A obtained after being initial adjustment axial screw dial gauge 11 and the primitive axis of diamond tool 4B are to space D
0;
(9) at primitive axis to space D
0when, round mouth fixture 2 and axial screw dial gauge 11 are reinstalled on matrix 1, regulates axial screw dial gauge 11 that the axial spacing D of diamond tool 4A and diamond tool 4B is set
1.Analyze theoretically, the micro-sword quantity in the same degree of depth of wheel face is more, contour better, will be conducive to material and efficiently remove and surface quality improvement; But the distribution of its Abrasive Grain is disorderly and unsystematic in the actual grinding process of emery wheel, its abrasive particle contour is difficult to ensure, and the micro-sword being distributed in emery wheel top layer is generally formed by the meticulous finishing of emery wheel.Therefore, can by axial spacing D between research abrasive particle and abrasive particle
1change to the affecting laws of grinding principle, thus provide reliable basis for the crushing in the design and manufaction of super-abrasive grinding wheel landforms and grinding process.After adjustment, hexagonal cylindrical screw 14 in locking;
(10) accurate abrasive particle axial spacing D is being obtained
1after, more required abrasive particle radial spacing L is set
1; Round mouth fixture 2 and axial screw dial gauge 11 are unloaded from matrix 1, unscrews interior hexagonal cylindrical screw 12, regulate radial spiral dial gauge 15A and radial spiral dial gauge 15B that required abrasive particle radial spacing L is set
1, after being provided with, tighten interior hexagonal cylindrical screw 12;
(11) so far, accurate abrasive particle axial spacing D is being obtained
1with abrasive particle radial spacing L
1after, whole test unit regulates complete;
(12) arrange grinding parameter, in process of the test, controllable technological parameter comprises: speed of mainshaft n (4500r/min-20000r/min), table feed speed V
w(30mm/min-5000mm/min), grinding depth a
p(regulating resolution to be 0.1 μm); By arranging different grinding process parameterses, orthogonal experiment method is adopted to carry out the experimental study of system of going deep into;
(13) CNC jig grinding machine MK2945C is started, device is High Rotation Speed under the effect of machine tool chief axis, diamond tool 4 carries out grinding with the grinding method of vertical shaft grinding at K9 optical glass surface to be measured, thus produces the arc groove of two distributions in concentric circles in single test; Under same parameters under condition, the position of adjusting operating platform in XY face, repeats twice;
(14) to study different abrasive particle radial spacing L
2l
nwith abrasive particle axial spacing D
2d
nthe impact of effects on surface formation mechenism and Material Removal Mechanism, returns step (9); Record is good has tested rear abrasive particle radial spacing L at every turn
nwith abrasive particle axial spacing D
n, in order to the initial value L as test next time
0and D
0, avoid the repeatedly repetition of step (4)-(8);
(15) grinding force in grinding process is gathered, Treatment Analysis data;
(16) after grinding test, collect abrasive dust, and analyze abrasive dust form with super depth-of-field microscope and sem observation;
(17) for the ease of observing groove pattern, BK7 optical glass after grinding is put into supersonic wave cleaning machine acetone clean, then the strong phosphoric acid exemplar cleaned being placed in 65% is corroded 17 hours, exemplar is cleaned up, under finally the test specimen of oven dry being placed on super depth-of-field microscope and scanning electron microscope, observes flute surfaces pattern and surface crack;
(18) for the ease of observing the sub-surface crack produced in grinding process, at Nanopoli-100 type nano-polishing machine, grinding and polishing is carried out to the BK7 optical glass after grinding, BK7 optical glass after polishing is done similar process to (17), observes sub-surface crack form and the sub-surface crack degree of depth.
Claims (8)
1. one kind can control the experimental provision of high-precision grinding study mechanism, comprise matrix, upper T-shaped slide block, lower T-shaped slide block, diamond tool, axial screw dial gauge, radial spiral dial gauge, round mouth fixture, wherein matrix is connected with machine tool chief axis connecting link, and fixed by anti-loosing flat gasket and hexagonal nut, the axis of described matrix overlaps with the axis height of machine tool chief axis connecting link, structure mutual deviation on described matrix 120 ° distribution, it has groove, there is symmetrical line slide rail the both sides of groove end face and bottom surface, for the motion of upper T-shaped slide block and lower T-shaped slide block, have the blind hole for mounting spring inside groove, the other end of described spring is connected with the groove on lower T-shaped slide block, forms small reverse pretightning force, for balancing the acting force of radial spiral dial gauge, the threaded hole for installing radial spiral dial gauge and unthreaded hole is had outside groove, be a plane outside described unthreaded hole, for locating radial spiral dial gauge, described matrix central hole location top is provided with projecting apertures, and bottom is provided with shoulder hole, described matrix end face indicates scale near groove part, corresponding with the scale on upper T-shaped slide block.
2. can control the experimental provision of high-precision grinding study mechanism as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, upper T-shaped slide block and lower T-shaped slide block are relatively arranged in the groove of matrix, connected by interior hexagonal cylindrical screw, wherein go up T-shaped its center position and have through hole, for axial screw dial gauge with the use of; Upper T-shaped slide block upper surface portion indicates scale, corresponding with the scale on matrix end face, and form vernier caliper, diamond tool is 12.5 μm at the degree of regulation of radial position; The motion of upper T-shaped slide block on matrix meets level and smooth mobile, produces without creeping phenomenon.
3. can control the experimental provision of high-precision grinding study mechanism as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, lower T-shaped its center has ladder hole, upper shoulder hole be used for axial screw dial gauge with the use of, downstairs hole be used for diamond tool high-precision gap with the use of; Have groove on the left of it, for spring with the use of; Having threading steps hole on the right side of it, fixing diamond tool for installing holding screw.
4. can control the experimental provision of high-precision grinding study mechanism as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, upper T-shaped slide block and lower T-shaped slide block form a slide block group, this slide block group sliding distance radially on matrix is 2mm, is enough to the radial spacing for characterizing on emery wheel between abrasive particle and abrasive particle.
5. can control the experimental provision of high-precision grinding study mechanism as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, diamond tool and lower T-shaped slide block premise clearance fit, by interior hexagonal cylindrical screw fastening, wherein the layout of diamond tool on matrix adopts arranged in concentric circles method; By the position of rotary diamond instrument at lower T-shaped slide block, select the digging angle of diamond tool in grinding process; More abrasive particle grinding tests are realized by selecting the abrasive particle number on diamond tool.
6. can control the experimental provision of high-precision grinding study mechanism as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, round mouth fixture is positioned on matrix, adjoin T-shaped slide block, wherein the relative position of round mouth fixture and matrix immobilizes, when upper T-shaped slide block and lower T-shaped slide block and diamond tool overall mobile on groove after, the position of axial screw dial gauge also needs to change thereupon, and now round mouth fixture can realize the elasticity clamping of axial screw dial gauge.
7. can control the experimental provision of high-precision grinding study mechanism as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, axial screw dial gauge is through round mouth fixture, an end face on it is placed on T-shaped slide block, by three interior hexagonal cylindrical screws clamp of mutual deviation 120 ° distribution, for the relative position of minute adjustment diamond tool in axis; Radial spiral dial gauge mutual deviation 120 ° is distributed on matrix, be connected with matrix by self screw thread, by regulating the vernier adjustment knob on radial spiral dial gauge, make micrometric screw and upper T-shaped shoe contact and produce acting force, promote interconnective upper T-shaped slide block, lower T-shaped slide block and diamond tool entirety to slide in matrix groove, thus regulate diamond tool at the relative position of radial direction.
8. can control the experimental provision of high-precision grinding study mechanism as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, in order to ensure that axial screw dial gauge is with slide block group shift in position radially and changing on matrix, the through hole of round mouth fixture is the mobile space that axial screw dial gauge leaves 2mm, when diamond tool is after obtaining accurate abrasive particle axial spacing and abrasive particle radial spacing, axial screw dial gauge and round mouth fixture are unloaded from matrix.
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| CN105717041B (en) * | 2016-02-04 | 2018-04-17 | 华侨大学 | The single abrasive particle that a kind of acted as reference mutual method repaiies hard crisp test specimen in advance continuously scratches test method |
| CN105716978B (en) * | 2016-02-04 | 2018-05-25 | 华侨大学 | The single abrasive particle that a kind of spherical mounted point repaiies hard crisp test specimen in advance continuously scratches test method |
| CN105738281B (en) * | 2016-02-04 | 2018-05-25 | 华侨大学 | The single abrasive particle that a kind of spherical mounted point repaiies hard crisp test specimen in advance continuously scratches act of interference test method |
| CN108225962B (en) * | 2018-02-06 | 2023-12-29 | 华侨大学 | Single abrasive grain pendulum type scratch test equipment |
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