CN103571766B - Liquid microbial leaf fertilizer, and production method and applications thereof - Google Patents
Liquid microbial leaf fertilizer, and production method and applications thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103571766B CN103571766B CN201210253951.0A CN201210253951A CN103571766B CN 103571766 B CN103571766 B CN 103571766B CN 201210253951 A CN201210253951 A CN 201210253951A CN 103571766 B CN103571766 B CN 103571766B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a bacillus edaphicus liquid. The bacillus edaphicus liquid is obtained via separated fermentation of bacillus edaphicus using fermentation equipment. A fermentation medium of the separated fermentation comprises following ingredients, by mass, 40 to 60% of yeast waste liquid, 1.4 to 1.8% of silkworm chrysalis powder, 0.7 to 0.9% of peptone, 0.35 to 0.45% of gelatinized corn flour, 0.21 to 0.27% of NaCl, 0.14 to 0.18% of KH2PO4, 0.07 to 0.09% of MgSO4, and water. The invention discloses a liquid microbial leaf fertilizer, and a production method thereof. According to the liquid microbial leaf fertilizer, advantages of leaf fertilizers and microbial fertilizers are combined, effects and supplement of nutrient elements required by a plurality of crops at specific growing periods are realized quickly, fertilizer utilization rate is increased, fertilizer dosage is reduced, and production cost is also reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to microbial fertilizer field, be specifically related to a kind of liquid microbe fertilizer and production method thereof.
Background technology
Most terrestrial plant relies on Root Absorption nutrient, but the blade of plant is while absorption moisture, also can absorb allogenic material as root, as gas, nutritive element, agricultural chemicals etc.As strengthening crop alimentary and some nutritional deficiency disease of control and regulation and control a kind of measures of fertilizer of growing, foliage fertilizer already use plant-growth regulator and micro-in be applied.Foliage fertilizer i.e. Absorbable rod more than 70% in 24 hours, consumption is only 1/10 ~ 1/5 of soil application, uses properly to reduce by 1/4 soil application, effectively alleviates and uses chemical fertilizer and the environmental pollution that causes and the wasting of resources because of excessive.But Present Domestic market foliage fertilizer product is main mainly with inorganic nutrients, be aided with trace element and plant growth hormones to correct crop nutritional deficiency disease, stimulation plant growth.Its composition is single, and the scope of application is restricted to a certain extent.
Microbial fertilizer is a kind of particular product containing micro-organisms living cell.Due to different types of microorganism can be added in product, there is different effects.Zeatin (Zeatin) is a kind of important phytocytomine, and it has the chlorophyllous formation of promotion, strengthens photosynthesis, stimulating plant cell fission, accelerates plant metabolism and protein synthesis; Promote crop early maturing and high yield, increase melon dish sugar degree, improve the features such as the anti-ageing cold tolerance of plant disease-resistant, not only increase production protection effect obvious, and adjustable plant growth, prevent plant early ageing and flowers and fruits from coming off.Bacterial classification and the fermented liquid (containing bacterial classification meta-bolites) thereof that can produce zeatin is added in microbial fertilizer, can while providing nutritive substance for crop, supplement natural plant growth hormones, thus better promote crop growth and sit flower to bear fruit.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, provides a kind of liquid microbe fertilizer that may be used for foliage-spray.Another technical problem that the present invention will solve is to provide the production method of this liquid microbe fertilizer.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of Soil Bacillus bacterium liquid, described bacterium liquid utilizes the independent fermentative production Soil Bacillus of fermentation equipment (Bacillus edaphicus) to obtain, it is characterized in that: the fermention medium in described fermentative production comprises the composition of following quality than per-cent: the yeast waste liquor of 40%-60%, dried silkworm chrysalis meal 1.4-1.8%, peptone 0.7-0.9%, gelatinization Semen Maydis powder 0.35-0.45%, NaCl 0.21-0.27%, KH
2pO
40.14-0.18%, MgSO
40.07-0.09% and water.
Yeast waste liquor: purchased from Angel Yeast Co., Ltd.The utilization of yeast fermentation broth is domestic and international many yeast factories insoluble problem for many years with administering always, administers yeast fermentation broth at present and mainly adopts aerobic treatment after anaerobic digestion.Because microorganism can not pigment in degradable fermented liquid, the waste liquid color after process is still reddish brown, and COD value exceeds standard greatly.Containing abundant Mierocrystalline cellulose in yeast fermentation waste liquid, the organism of the various complexity such as colloidalmaterial and caramel, make its viscosity comparatively strong, simultaneously containing abundant inorganic microelement and the organic substance such as humic acids, xanthohumic acid such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, iron, there is good fertilizer efficiency.Therefore utilize yeast waste liquor to produce and be rich in organic microbial fertilizer.Main component is as follows:
Table 1 yeast concentrated solution main nutrient composition table
Soil Bacillus (Bacillus edaphicus) bacterial strain is carried out liquid fermenting.Fermention medium optimizes matching component, and substitute 40%-60% water with equal-volume yeast waste liquor, pH maintains 6-8 simultaneously.
According to Soil Bacillus bacterium liquid of the present invention, preferably, total viable count 3 × 10 of described microbial inoculum
8more than individual/milliliter.
Much zeatin can be produced in Soil Bacillus, but the zeatin amount produced is different.According to Soil Bacillus bacterium liquid of the present invention, preferably, in described fermention medium, zeatin concentration is at 0.01-0.87mg/mL.It is further preferred that the zeatin output of Soil Bacillus is at more than 0.75mg/mL, reach as high as 0.87mg/mL, can up to 0.75-0.87mg/mL.
A kind of liquid microbe foliage fertilizer, comprises the Soil Bacillus bacterium liquid of 15-30% mass ratio, the tensio-active agent of 0.5-1% mass ratio, the protective material of 1-15%, appropriate inorganic nutrients and water; The total nutrient N+P that described inorganic nutrients brings
2o
5+ K
2o>=4%.Because in liquid fertilizer, nutrient content is high, easier microbiological contamination and going mouldy, therefore needs to add protective material, extends the preservation period of fertilizer.Tensio-active agent can improve the surfactivity of spray liquid, be conducive to foliage fertilizer soaking, adhere to and permeating on crop blade face, increase crop leaf to the specific absorption of nutrient, tensio-active agent can select alkyl glycoside class or polyoxyethylene, and Surfactant kind is without strict demand.
Further, inorganic nutrients content is 5-20%.
Preferably, described protective material is selected from one or more in Sodium Benzoate, potassium sorbate, Sorbic Acid, calcium propionate.Because in liquid fertilizer, nutrient content is high, easier microbiological contamination and going mouldy, therefore needs to add protective material, extends the preservation period of fertilizer.
Further, described protectant mass percent is 8-15%, and described protective material also can comprise one or more of glycerine or molasses.As the mixture that protective material is Sodium Benzoate and glycerine, or the mixture of Sodium Benzoate and molasses, or Sodium Benzoate, glycerine and molasses three mixture.And Sodium Benzoate, potassium sorbate, Sorbic Acid, one or more and glycerine and/or molasses in calcium propionate mixture.Time in protective material containing glycerine or molasses, also can be beneficial microorganism activity and nutritive substance is provided.Its blending ratio is without particular requirement.
Present invention also offers a kind of production method of liquid microbe foliage fertilizer, the method comprises the following steps:
A, be formulated as follows the fermention medium of mass percent: the yeast waste liquor of 40%-60%, dried silkworm chrysalis meal 1.4-1.8%, peptone 0.7-0.9%, gelatinization Semen Maydis powder 0.35-0.45%, NaCl 0.21-0.27%, KH
2pO
40.14-0.18%, MgSO
40.07-0.09% and water;
B, utilize the independent fermentative production Soil Bacillus of fermentation equipment (Bacillus edaphicus), obtain Soil Bacillus bacterium liquid;
C, add water inorganic nutrients in steam-stirring machine mixing, cooling after mixing;
D, the Soil Bacillus bacterium liquid again protective material being joined 15-30% mass ratio add inorganic nutrients after stirring;
E, added by the tensio-active agent fully dissolved, mixing, makes liquid microbe foliage fertilizer.
According to the production method of liquid microbe fertilizer of the present invention, preferably, described inorganic nutrients is selected from one or more of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer or trace element fertilizer.Selection can be allocated according to actual needs.
Further, urea selected by described nitrogenous fertilizer; Described phosphate fertilizer select in monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate or ammonium polyphosphate one or more; Described potash fertilizer select in Repone K, saltpetre or potassium primary phosphate one or more; One or more to be selected in manganous sulfate, borax, chelated zinc by described trace element fertilizer.
Present invention also offers the application of aforesaid liquid microorganism foliage fertilizer on plant leaf surface sprays.
According to the requirement of " composite microbiological fertilizer " industry standard (NY/T789-2004) and detection method, product is tested, living bacteria count>=5 × 10 in standard-required qualified product
7individual/gram, total nutrient (N+P
2o
5+ K
2o)>=4%, miscellaneous bacteria rate≤15%, pH value is 3-8, proves through a large amount of tests, and mentioned microorganism foliage fertilizer can reach following table technical indicator, and heavy metal content does not exceed the innoxious index of Ministry of Agriculture's bio-feritlizer industry standard.
The technical indicator of table 2 microbial foliage fertilizer
Microorganism adds in liquid fertilizer by liquid microbe fertilizer of the present invention, not only can be crop and provides nutritive element, also can supplement various crop benefit materials, as small molecules amino acid, humic acids etc.Often different containing microbe species in different liqs microbial fertilizer, these microorganisms can act synergistically, and produce promoter action to plant growth.It is worth mentioning that, same microorganism is different to the effect that crop different sites produces, such as, in current microbial fertilizer conventional phosphate solubilizing bacteria (bacillus megaterium), the phosphorus be fixed can be converted into rapid available phosphorus, for crop utilization, its mechanism is microbiota metabolic activity release organic acid mainly, dissolve phosphorus ore containing, thus available phosphorus content in increase soil, improve phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency, reach growth-promoting effect.The fertilizer comprising this quasi-microorganism is by using onset to root system, if with foliage-spray, produces little effect.Therefore determine that in microorganism foliage fertilizer, microbe species is very necessary according to different administration mode.In the present invention, microorganism used therefor bacterial strain is different from general nutritional type bacterial strain in common microbiological fertilizer, for producing plant hormone---the bacterial strain of zeatin.Zeatin is a kind of important phytocytomine, can promote plant cell division and chlorophyllous synthesis, have obvious effect of increasing production to crop.At present because output is lower, also not popularizing application in agricultural.In the present invention, microbial fermentation solution contains a certain amount of zeatin, after spraying, can directly act on crop field top tissue, enter the direct onset of blade by osmosis as foliar nutrient, coordinates inorganic nutrients and organic matter, improves crop yield.
Microorganism foliage fertilizer combines both foliage fertilizer and microbial fertilizer advantage, not only rapid-onset, supplements the nutritive element of various crop needed for the particular growth phase fast, also can improve utilization rate of fertilizer, reduces fertilizer application amount, saves production cost.Take yeast waste liquor as the main organic composition of microbial fertilizer, can help to solve yeast production enterprise waste liquid handling problems, protection of the environment economizes on resources.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the production technological process of liquid microbe foliage fertilizer.
Embodiment
Embodiment one
1, microbial inoculum: strain fermentation culture medium prescription is yeast waste liquor 50% is dried silkworm chrysalis meal 1.4%, peptone 0.7%, gelatinization Semen Maydis powder 0.35%, NaCl 0.21%, KH
2pO
40.14%, MgSO
40.07%, pH is 7.In microbial inoculum, living bacteria count is 4.7 × 10
8individual/milliliter, zeatin content is about 0.69mg/mL.
2, composition of raw materials: add according to following formula.Trace element is borax and chelated zinc, and ratio is 2:3; Protective material is Sodium Benzoate and molasses, and ratio is 1: 1.
Table 3 microbial foliage fertilizer raw material adds formula
3, by inorganic nutrients and 40%(total mass) water mixes; Protective material is added in bacterium liquid, stir and again inorganic nutrients is added; Finally the tensio-active agent fully dissolved is added, and add all the other moisture, make microbial foliage fertilizer.Finished product fertilizer all technical is as follows.
Table 4 microbial foliage fertilizer the key technical indexes
4, microbial foliage fertilizer is through liquid filling device packing, sealing, warehouse-in.
Embodiment two
1, microbial inoculum: strain fermentation culture medium prescription is yeast waste liquor 60% is dried silkworm chrysalis meal 1.2%, peptone 0.6%, gelatinization Semen Maydis powder 0.3%, NaCl 0.18%, KH
2pO
40.12%, MgSO
40.06%, pH is 7.In microbial inoculum, living bacteria count is 4.2 × 10
8individual/milliliter, zeatin content is about 0.73mg/mL.
2, composition of raw materials: in table 5.Trace element, protective material are with example one.
Table 5 microbial foliage fertilizer raw material adds formula
3, mix composite: with example one.Microbial foliage fertilizer technical indicator is in table 6.
The technical indicator of table 6 microbial foliage fertilizer
4, packing warehouse-in: with example one.
Embodiment three
1, microbial inoculum: strain fermentation culture medium prescription is yeast waste liquor 55% is dried silkworm chrysalis meal 1.5%, peptone 0.75%, gelatinization Semen Maydis powder 0.4%, NaCl 0.2%, KH
2pO
40.15%, MgSO
40.08%, pH is 7.In microbial inoculum, living bacteria count is 3.6 × 10
8individual/milliliter, zeatin content is about 0.71mg/mL.
2, composition of raw materials: in table 7.Trace element is with example one, and protective material is glycerine and molasses, and ratio is 1:1.
Table 7 microbial foliage fertilizer raw material adds formula
3, mix composite: except inorganic nutrients adds 30% water premix, all the other are with example one.Microbial foliage fertilizer technical indicator is in table 8.
The technical indicator of table 8 microbial foliage fertilizer
4, packing warehouse-in: with example one.
Experimental example
Experimental design
Supplying to study thing is cucumber, kind " Tianjin spring No. two ";
For examination, composite fertilizer is commercial, and the happy microorganism foliage fertilizer of Deere is fertilizer in example one.
Three process are established in experiment altogether, and repeat for 3 times, plot area is 20m
2, random district group arranges.45% composite fertilizer (15-15-15) 50kg/ mu all used by each process base manure, fertilizer 200kg/ mu.Microorganism foliage fertilizer and sterilization matrix formula, with example one, spray in early stage of bearing fruit according to after 1:300 thin up.Difference imposes process and arranges as follows:
Process A: fresh water spraying replaces topdressing;
Treatments B: the happy microorganism foliage fertilizer sterilization matrix of Deere;
Process C: the happy microorganism foliage fertilizer of Deere;
Table 9 different fertilization is on the impact of cucumber economical character and output
Test-results shows, sprays microbial foliage topdress and can significantly improve output before bearing fruit to cucumber.Although three process are more or less the same in plant height, the thick index of stem, weigh and significant difference in per mu yield at single melon.Compared with the control, treatments B and process C increase production 5% and 12.95% respectively.And processing C comparatively treatments B volume increase 7.56, this illustrates, microorganism foliage fertilizer is after high-temperature sterilization process, and it makes the factor of crop yield reduce.A part may be due to microbial death, in addition also may due to the at high temperature loss of activity of the active substance in fermented liquid.Absolutely prove like this, the Yield-increasing Factors of microorganism foliage fertilizer is not only the effect of nutritive element.
Claims (10)
1. a Soil Bacillus bacterium liquid, described bacterium liquid utilizes the independent fermentative production Soil Bacillus (Bacillusedaphicus) of fermentation equipment to obtain, it is characterized in that: the fermention medium in described fermentative production is become to be grouped into by following: the yeast waste liquor of 40%-60% volume ratio, dried silkworm chrysalis meal 1.4-1.8wt%, peptone 0.7-0.9wt%, gelatinization Semen Maydis powder 0.35-0.45wt%, NaCl 0.21-0.27wt%, KH
2pO
40.14-0.18wt%, MgSO
40.07-0.09wt% and water.
2. Soil Bacillus bacterium liquid according to claim 1, is characterized in that: total viable count 3 × 10 of described bacterium liquid
8more than individual/milliliter.
3. Soil Bacillus bacterium liquid according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described bacterium liquid, zeatin concentration is 0.01-0.87mg/mL.
4. a liquid microbe foliage fertilizer, it is characterized in that: the Soil Bacillus bacterium liquid according to claim 1 comprising 15-30% mass ratio, the protective material of the tensio-active agent of 0.5-1% mass ratio, the prolongation fertilizer preservation period of 1-15% mass ratio, appropriate inorganic nutrients and water; The total nutrient N+P that described inorganic nutrients brings
2o
5+ K
2o>=4%.
5. liquid microbe foliage fertilizer according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described protective material be selected from Sodium Benzoate, potassium sorbate, Sorbic Acid, calcium propionate one or more.
6. liquid microbe foliage fertilizer according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described protectant mass percent is 8-15%, and described protective material also comprises one or more of glycerine or molasses.
7. a production method for liquid microbe foliage fertilizer, is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
A, be formulated as follows fermention medium: the yeast waste liquor of 40%-60% volume ratio, dried silkworm chrysalis meal 1.4-1.8wt%, peptone 0.7-0.9wt%, gelatinization Semen Maydis powder 0.35-0.45wt%, NaCl 0.21-0.27wt%, KH
2pO
40.14-0.18wt%, MgSO
40.07-0.09wt% and water;
B, utilize the independent fermentative production Soil Bacillus of fermentation equipment (Bacillus edaphicus), obtain Soil Bacillus bacterium liquid;
C, add water inorganic nutrients in steam-stirring machine mixing, cooling after mixing;
D, the Soil Bacillus bacterium the liquid again protective material extending fertilizer preservation period being joined 15-30% mass ratio add inorganic nutrients after stirring;
E, added by the tensio-active agent fully dissolved, mixing, makes liquid microbe foliage fertilizer.
8. the production method of liquid microbe fertilizer according to claim 7, is characterized in that: described inorganic nutrients is selected from one or more of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer or trace element fertilizer.
9. the production method of liquid microbe fertilizer according to claim 8, is characterized in that: urea selected by described nitrogenous fertilizer; Described phosphate fertilizer select in monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate or ammonium polyphosphate one or more; Described potash fertilizer select in Repone K, saltpetre or potassium primary phosphate one or more; One or more to be selected in manganous sulfate, borax, chelated zinc by described trace element fertilizer.
10. the application of the described liquid microbe foliage fertilizer of one of claim 4-6 on plant leaf surface sprays.
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