CN103556993A - Simulation experimental analog method for low permeability oilfield planar five-spot well pattern carbon dioxide flooding - Google Patents
Simulation experimental analog method for low permeability oilfield planar five-spot well pattern carbon dioxide flooding Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a simulation experimental analog method for low permeability oilfield planar five-spot well pattern carbon dioxide flooding, which comprises the following steps: I. choosing a core and drilling five blind holes corresponding to five through holes (12) in a planar five-spot well pattern simulation holder (10) in the surface of the core; II. placing the core into the planar five-spot well pattern simulation holder (10); III. injecting water and raw oil into the planar five-spot well pattern simulation holder (10) in sequence, and establishing the irreducible water saturation; IV. injecting carbon dioxide into the planar five-spot well pattern simulation holder (10) by using a gas injecting device (31), and collecting and measuring experimental parameters through produced fluid collection and calibration equipment (21). The method can be used for simulating the displacement performance of a one-injection and four-production five-spot well pattern, and simulating the interwell fluid channeling with cracks so as to avoid the phenomenon of the overlarge starting pressure gradient of one-way flow, so that simulation is more proximate to a real situation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to oil exploitation experimental technique field, particularly a kind of low permeability oil field plane Five-point method pattern carbon dioxide flooding emulation experiment analogy method.
Background technology
Low permeability oil field because pore throat is tiny, specific area and Crude Oil in Boundary Layer thickness is large, Jamin effect and the effect of surface molecular power strong, its percolation law is not followed Darcy's law, has non-darcy type seepage flow characteristics.The reservoir communication of low permeability oil field is poor, filtrational resistance is large, and general limit, end water are all inactive, and elastic energy is very little, is consuming under natural energy mode mining conditions, and strata pressure significantly declines, and field output is sharply successively decreased.
At present, existing physical simulating method is mainly linear displacement modeling method, and the method can not fully reflect real radial flow process and feature thereof.The flow field of linear displacement model is flow model, and gesture is with equal pressure Gradient Propulsion, too simple.On-the-spot true block generally adopts well array displacement, five-spot is common hole pattern, its flow field is the complex flowfield of multi-source multi-destination, the suffered influence factor of the parameters such as the distribution of field, recovery percent of reserves, displacement efficiency will be more than linear displacement model, and therefore linear displacement model can not fully reflect real radial flow process and displacement characteristics thereof.Wherein, under hypotonic condition, there is unidirectional starting pressure gradient, huge on percolation law impact.So-called starting pressure gradient, refer to the barometric gradient of fluid when saturated rock core starts to occur to flow, and the starting pressure gradient of linear flow and radial fluid flow is different, and oil field permeability is lower, and starting pressure gradient is larger, larger on percolation law impact.Therefore existing physical simulating method can not be realized the simulation of well pattern injection process.
At present, the threedimensional model in existing physical simulating method is commonly sandpack column, and sandpack column porous media does not have cementing, exists microcrack structure as percolating medium, cannot simulate the pore structure of porous media.And the manufacturing process of existing back-up sand container or rock core chucking device is mainly casting manufacture.Common casting model bearing capacity poor (being generally no more than 0.5MPa), because low-permeability oilfield injection pressure is high, low-permeability oilfield injection pressure is generally more than 5MPa, cannot meet the pressure requirement of carbon dioxide flooding simulated experiment, and pressure can affect volume, the interfacial tension of solubility, carbon dioxide and the crude oil of carbon dioxide in crude oil or water and the possibility of carbon dioxide crude oil mixed phase of carbon dioxide, so pressure exists tremendous influence to the displacement effect of carbon dioxide flooding.
In China, carbon dioxide flooding is mainly used in low permeability pay, and general is all fracturing production in the development process of low permeability pay, increases the migration ability of fluid in reservoir by fracture technology, but while crack can produce serious carbon dioxide, alters ease.Along the oil well has channeling of fractuer direction, between the well of carbon dioxide channelling phenomenon very serious, common linear displacement model can not seal channelling process between the well of altering rear carbon dioxide by simulation fracture, and common displacement model can not seal channelling process between the well of altering rear carbon dioxide by simulation fracture.
For common, bearing capacity is poor, is generally no more than in 0.5MPa experimentation, and resin cast two dimension oil displacement model can not be realized the simulation of true well pattern injection process.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve existing analogy method, be not suitable for the technical problem of low permeability oil field carbon dioxide flooding emulation, the inventor provides a kind of low permeability oil field plane Five-point method pattern carbon dioxide flooding emulation experiment analogy method.The method can be simulated notes four, and to adopt Five-point method pattern displacement dynamic, simulation with channelling between crannied well, avoid the excessive phenomenon of starting pressure gradient of one-way flow, thereby more approach truth.
The present invention for solving the technical scheme of its technical problem employing is: a kind of low permeability oil field plane Five-point method pattern carbon dioxide flooding emulation experiment analogy method, comprises the following steps:
Step 1: select rock core and bore and five corresponding blind holes of five through holes on clamper for the emulation of plane Five-point method pattern at described core surface;
Step 2: pack described rock core the emulation of into plane Five-point method pattern with in clamper;
Step 3: to injected water and crude oil successively in clamper for the emulation of plane Five-point method pattern, set up irreducible water saturation;
Step 4: to injecting carbon dioxide in clamper for the emulation of plane Five-point method pattern, collect and calibration facility collection experiments of measuring parameter by produced fluid by gas injection apparatus.
Step 1 comprises the following steps:
1.1, choose natural core or artificial core, with sand paper or electric saw this rock core of polishing;
1.2, in the about coating of 0.2～0.4mm of the even coating thickness of core surface, be then placed on baking oven inner drying coating;
1.3, the upper surface at rock core bores described five blind holes, described five blind holes are 5 mouthfuls of wells, the diameter of this well is 3mm, the degree of depth of this well is about 5cm, the position of this well and distance are corresponding with the position of the through hole on the top cover of clamper with the emulation of plane Five-point method pattern, with mobile water, go out the powder of this Jing Chu, be then placed on drying in oven.
In step 1.2, described in be applied to scraping blade along single direction in core surface drawout coating.
2.1, clean clamping wall, and the rubber pad that on padding on piston, thickness is 1mm～40mm;
2.2, open top cover, pack described rock core the emulation of into plane Five-point method pattern with in the cavity of clamper;
2.3, make in 5 mouthfuls of wells that 5 pipelines are inserted into respectively described rock core, by pressure cap being fixed on to the assigned address of described pipeline, control the degree of depth of pit shaft;
2.4, with epoxy resin, build the rock core groove realization well cementation of described upper wellbore;
2.5, the rubber pad that thickness is 1mm～40mm on the upper surface pad of described rock core, lifting top cover, make 5 through holes of the vertical corresponding top cover in position of described well, make described pipeline smoothly through top cover, vertically fall top cover, and with bolt, top cover is pressed into plane Five-point method pattern emulation clamper, make top cover sealing;
2.6, from the axially extending bore of lower cover, in axial compression space, inject certain clear water, to rock core, provide certain axial compression;
2.7, from radial direction through hole, with hand pump, in the sealed cavity between clamping wall and rubber bush, inject a certain amount of clear water, control the confined pressure of described rock core.
Confined pressure described in step 2.7 is less than the axial compression described in step 2.6.
Step 3 comprises the following steps:
3.1, vacuum pump is connected to the through hole that is positioned at the center of circle on top cover by pipeline, this through hole, for flatly simulating producing well, was closed other four-hole well around, to described rock core vacuumizing 2～4 hours;
3.2, hand pump is connected to the through hole that is positioned at the center of circle on top cover by pipeline, closes other four-hole well, the through hole that is positioned at the center of circle to this injects formation water to saturation state, and the voids volume of this rock core equals the volume of injected water;
3.3, with injection pump, take and be positioned at the entrance that the through hole in the center of circle is Injection Well, an outlet that through hole is producing well in all the other four-hole through holes, surveys the permeability of this rock core, then changes extraction well, finally obtains the permeability on four direction;
3.4, to the emulation of plane Five-point method pattern, in a through hole with clamper, inject crude oil to saturation state, from another through hole recovered water and crude oil, close other through hole, the volume of metering recovered water simultaneously, and until then no longer water outlet changes the volume that through hole measures recovered water;
3.5,, under reservoir temperature, wait for and surpass 12 hours, aging crude oil.
Step 4 can comprise the following steps:
4.1, the through hole that is positioned at the top cover center of circle is connected to gas injection apparatus, gas injection apparatus comprises: the source of the gas being connected with the through hole that is positioned at the described center of circle, fluid conversion equipment and constant speed and constant pressure pump, remaining 4 through hole is connected to produced fluid to be collected and calibration facility, produced fluid is collected and calibration facility comprises: the back-pressure valve being connected with four through holes respectively, back-pressure valve control interface connects stabilized pressure pump, pressure buffer equipment and pressure test equipment, back-pressure valve outlet connects gas-liquid separator, the gas outlet end of gas-liquid separator connects gas flow monitor, the liquid outlet end of gas-liquid separator connects liquid metering device,
4.2, determine manufacturing parameter, the static bottom hole pressure of the oil well that setting back pressure is target block, the formation temperature that temperature is target block, described pressure is less than or equal to 50MPa, and described temperature remains on 0 ℃～100 ℃;
4.3, determine injection-production method, adopt constant voltage to the through hole injecting carbon dioxide that is arranged in the top cover center of circle, the positive five-spot injection-production method that simulation requires according to mining site carries out carbon dioxide flooding exploitation to the crude oil in rock core, from middle well injecting carbon dioxide, from 4 mouthfuls of wells around, exploit simultaneously, the pressure of described injecting carbon dioxide is 0～50MPa, and the pressure of described injecting carbon dioxide is less than over confined pressure;
4.4, by produced fluid, collect and calibration facility is measured manufacturing parameter, this manufacturing parameter comprises measures production fluid time, production fluid amount, gas production; This production fluid time adopts time supervision equipment or timing device metering, and this production fluid amount adopts the metering of volume metering equipment, and this gas production adopts the metering of gas dosing equipment.
Or step 4 also can comprise the following steps:
4.1, the through hole that is positioned at the top cover center of circle is connected to gas injection apparatus, gas injection apparatus comprises: the source of the gas being connected with the through hole that is positioned at the described center of circle, fluid conversion equipment and constant speed and constant pressure pump, remaining 4 through hole is connected to produced fluid to be collected and calibration facility, produced fluid is collected and calibration facility comprises: the back-pressure valve being connected with four through holes respectively, back-pressure valve control interface connects stabilized pressure pump, pressure buffer equipment and pressure test equipment, back-pressure valve outlet connects gas-liquid separator, the gas outlet end of gas-liquid separator connects gas flow monitor, the liquid outlet end of gas-liquid separator connects liquid metering device,
4.2, determine manufacturing parameter, the static bottom hole pressure of the oil well that setting back pressure is target block, the formation temperature that temperature is target block, described pressure is less than or equal to 50MPa, and described temperature remains on 0 ℃～100 ℃;
4.3, determine injection-production method, adopt constant current to the through hole injecting carbon dioxide that is arranged in the top cover center of circle, the positive five-spot injection-production method that simulation requires according to mining site carries out carbon dioxide flooding exploitation to the crude oil in rock core, from middle well injecting carbon dioxide, from 4 mouthfuls of wells around, exploits simultaneously; The injection rate of described injecting carbon dioxide is 0～2000ml/min, and the pressure of described injecting carbon dioxide is less than over confined pressure;
4.4, by produced fluid, collect and calibration facility is measured manufacturing parameter, this manufacturing parameter comprises measures production fluid time, production fluid amount, gas production; This production fluid time adopts time supervision equipment or timing device metering, and this production fluid amount adopts the metering of volume metering equipment, and this gas production adopts the metering of gas dosing equipment.
Or step 4 can also comprise the following steps:
4.1, take out saturated this rock core of crossing crude oil, this rock core is put into fracturing unit, pressure break is carried out in pressurization gradually, and post-fracturing this rock core is reloaded to the emulation of plane Five-point method pattern with in the cavity of clamper; This fracturing unit is high pressure fracture machine;
4.2, the through hole that is positioned at the top cover center of circle is connected to gas injection apparatus, all the other 4 through holes are connected to produced fluid and collect and calibration facility;
4.3, determine manufacturing parameter, the static bottom hole pressure of the oil well that setting back pressure is target block; Temperature is the formation temperature of target block, and described pressure is less than or equal to 50MPa, and described temperature remains on 0 ℃～100 ℃;
4.4, determine injection-production method, adopt constant voltage to the through hole injecting carbon dioxide that is arranged in the top cover center of circle, from 4 mouthfuls of wells around, exploit simultaneously, the pressure of described injecting carbon dioxide is 0～50MPa, and the pressure of described injecting carbon dioxide is less than over confined pressure;
4.5, by produced fluid, collect and calibration facility is measured manufacturing parameter, this manufacturing parameter comprises measures production fluid time, production fluid amount, gas production; This production fluid time adopts time supervision equipment or timing device metering, and this production fluid amount adopts the metering of volume metering equipment, and this gas production adopts the metering of gas dosing equipment.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: this low permeability oil field plane Five-point method pattern carbon dioxide flooding emulation experiment analogy method can be carried out physical analogy to the truth of oilfield reservoir, the DYNAMIC DISTRIBUTION of intuitive analysis water drive remaining oil, real time record profit volume, and objective appraisal is carried out in measure to various raising recovery ratio.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, to plane Five-point method pattern of the present invention, emulation is described in further detail with clamper and experimental facilities.
Fig. 1 is the front view of clamper for the emulation of plane Five-point method pattern.
Fig. 2 is the decomposing schematic representation of clamper for the emulation of plane Five-point method pattern.
Fig. 3 is the top view of clamper for the emulation of plane Five-point method pattern.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of plane Five-point method pattern nature imitation experiment device.
10. plane Five-point method pattern emulation clampers wherein, 11. cavitys, 12. through holes, 13. clamping walls, 131. radial direction through hole, 14. top covers, 15. lower covers, 151. axially extending bores, 16. rubber bushs, tensioner ring on 17., 18. pistons, 181. piston rods, 19. times tensioner rings, 21. produced fluids are collected and calibration facility, 31. gas injection apparatus.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, to plane Five-point method pattern of the present invention, emulation is elaborated with clamper.A kind of plane Five-point method pattern clamper 10 for emulation, the emulation of described plane Five-point method pattern is provided with for holding the sealed cavity 11 of rock core with the inside of clamper 10, the emulation of described plane Five-point method pattern is provided with five through holes 12 that described plane Five-point method pattern emulation can be communicated with outside and the cavity 11 of clamper with one end of clamper 10, a through hole 12 in described five through holes 12 is positioned at the central authorities of one end of clamper for described plane Five-point method pattern emulation, all the other four through holes 12 are uniformly distributed in the surrounding that is positioned at a described through hole 12 of central authorities, as Fig. 1, shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3.
The emulation of described plane Five-point method pattern is 3mm through hole 12 with only having bored 5 diameters on the top of clamper 10, through hole 12 is in the position in the center of circle, all the other 4 through holes 12 are uniformly distributed in the surrounding that is positioned at the through hole 12 in the center of circle, be that other 4 through holes 12 are positive cross distribution around in the center of circle, as shown in Figure 3, described 4 through holes 12 are 19cm apart from the distance in the center of circle, pipeline can be connected to the rock core of clamper 10 inside for described plane Five-point method pattern emulation by through hole 12, and then simulation Five-point method pattern carbon dioxide drive process.
The emulation of described plane Five-point method pattern comprises the clamping wall 13 of tubular by the external structure of clamper, the upper end of clamping wall 13 is sealedly connected with top cover 14 by mechanical snap, and the lower end of clamping wall 13 is sealedly connected with lower cover 15 by mechanical snap.There are a plurality of screw holes at top cover 14 edges, and top cover 14 and clamping wall 13 are bolted to connection, and in addition, in the present embodiment, on top cover 14, having bored 5 diameters is 3mm through hole 12.
The emulation of described plane Five-point method pattern is provided with rubber bush 16 as depicted in figs. 1 and 2 by the internal sleeve of clamper, and rubber bush 16 is set in clamping wall 13.The upper end of rubber bush 16 is tightly connected with top cover 14 by upper tensioner ring 17.In utilization, tensioner ring 17 is fixed on the upper end of rubber bush 16 top of clamping wall 13 and is connected with top cover 14; Utilize lower tensioner ring 19 that the lower end of rubber bush 16 is fixed on to the bottom of clamping wall 13 and is connected with piston 18; By the fixation of upper tensioner ring 17 and lower tensioner ring 19, clamping wall 13 forms a sealed cavity with rubber bush 16.Thereby realize the sealing of clamper 10 tops and bottom for described plane Five-point method pattern emulation.
In cavity 11, the bottom of rubber bush 16, lower cover 15 tops are provided with piston 18, piston 18 is connected by embedding the seal with elastometic washer that the single diameter of section of piston 18 is 3.5mm with lower cover 15, the seal with elastometic washer that lower cover 15 and piston rod 181 are 1mm by two diameter of sections that embed lower cover 15 through-hole walls is connected, and makes to form between piston 18 and lower cover 15 toroidal cavity of a sealing.
Clamping wall 13 is provided with the radial direction through hole 131 for injecting carbon dioxide in the cavity between clamping wall 13 and rubber bush 16.In the time of when a certain amount of liquid enters into the toroidal cavity forming between clamping wall 13 and rubber bush 16 from radial direction through hole 131 in, liquid will be full of the toroidal cavity forming between clamping wall 13 and rubber bush 16, and then controls the suffered confined pressure of rock core.
This plane Five-point method pattern emulation is that diameter is 40cm with the rock core that clamper can clamp, thickness is the disking of 4.9～5.1cm, wherein 5 blind holes are bored on rock core top, to simulate 5 mouthfuls of wells, it is corresponding with the position of 5 through holes 12 that bore on top cover 14 that the degree of depth of well is generally the position of 20% to 95%, 5 blind hole of rock core thickness.Specifically a bite well is in the position in the center of circle, other four-hole well spacing decentre well 19cm and be positive cross distribution.Wherein, for channelling rule between simulation well can be carried out frac treatment to rock core, described frac treatment is used fracturing unit processed by seam to carrying out rock core exactly.
A kind of plane Five-point method pattern nature imitation experiment device, this plane Five-point method pattern nature imitation experiment device comprises above-mentioned plane Five-point method pattern clamper 10 for emulation, this plane Five-point method pattern nature imitation experiment device also comprises the gas injection apparatus 31 being connected with a described through hole 12 that is positioned at central authorities, this plane Five-point method pattern nature imitation experiment device also comprises produced fluid collection and the calibration facility 21 being connected with described all the other four through holes 12, this plane Five-point method pattern nature imitation experiment device also comprises servicing unit, as shown in Figure 4.A bite well that is positioned at the center of circle is mainly used in the injection of carbon dioxide, and is positioned at the collection that four-hole well is around mainly used in simulated oil and water.
Servicing unit: insulating box, dioxide bottle, constant speed and constant pressure pump, intermediate receptacle, rock core coating.This system insulating box can guarantee constant test temperature, dioxide bottle can provide sufficient source of the gas, constant speed and constant pressure pump, intermediate receptacle can guarantee that the pressure of gas or flow keep stable, and rock core coating plays the object that prevents carbon dioxide corrosion core holding unit rubber bush (16).
Gas injection apparatus (31) generally comprises: be connected source of the gas, fluid conversion equipment and constant speed and constant pressure pump with a described through hole (12) that is positioned at central authorities, conventionally also need some pipelines, UNICOM's valve etc.Wherein source of the gas is carbon dioxide, and this device can complete saturated formation water, saturated crude oil, the experiments such as injecting carbon dioxide.
Produced fluid is collected and calibration facility (21) generally comprises: the back-pressure valve being connected with described all the other four through holes (12) respectively, back-pressure valve control interface connects stabilized pressure pump, pressure buffer equipment and pressure test equipment, back-pressure valve outlet connects gas-liquid separator, the gas outlet end of gas-liquid separator connects gas flow monitor, and the liquid outlet end of gas-liquid separator connects liquid metering device.This device can complete the separation to gas liquid output object, the collection to gas liquid output object, and measure the record of output time, liquid output object volume, gas output object instantaneous delivery or integrated flow, output pressure and other parameters.
Introduce plane Five-point method pattern emulation experiment method below.
Embodiment 1
For homogeneous low permeability oil field plane Five-point method pattern carbon dioxide constant voltage displacement of reservoir oil emulation experiment method, comprise the following steps:
Step 1: select rock core and bore and five corresponding blind holes of described five through holes 12 on clamper 10 for above-mentioned plane Five-point method pattern emulation at described core surface; Concrete, comprising:
1.1, choose natural core or artificial core, with sand paper or electric saw polishing rock core, guarantee that core surface is smooth, and moderate dimensions, can pack clamper into.
1.2, in the about coating of 0.2～0.4mm of the even coating thickness of core surface, be then placed on baking oven inner drying coating, the painting method that this method is recommended for scraping blade along single direction, by face by resin at core surface drawout.
1.3, the upper surface at rock core carries out drilling well, by drilling blind hole, simulate drilling well, the diameter of well is 3mm, notice that the position of rock core well and distance are corresponding with the position of through hole 12 on top cover 14, to guarantee that pipeline can pass through the through hole 12 of top cover from well smoothly, with hydrofluoric acid treatment pit shaft, to prevent powder, stop up the borehole wall, then with mobile water, go out the powder at rock core wellhole place, be then placed on drying in oven.
Step 2: pack described rock core into above-mentioned plane Five-point method pattern emulation with in clamper 10; Concrete, comprising:
2.1, clean clamping wall 13, and on base piston 18, pad the rubber pad that thickness is 1mm～40mm, play protection rock core, prevent that metal from pressing against bad rock core coating and preventing the effect of Leakage Gas.
2.2, open top cover 14, pack described rock core into above-mentioned plane Five-point method pattern emulation with in the cavity 11 of clamper 10, and top cover 14 is installed, alternately to the emulation of plane Five-point method pattern, with clamper 10, add axial compression and ring pressure.
2.3, make 5 pipelines, be inserted in the well of rock core, by pressure cap being fixed on to the assigned address of pipeline, control the degree of depth of pit shaft, and prevent from stopping up rock core in well cementation and core surface coating process.
2.4, for preventing that CO2 gas from oozing out rock core by the borehole wall, and corrode clamper, with epoxy resin, build the rock core groove of upper wellbore to realize well cementation, but do not fill the well of rock core and the space between pipeline in order to avoid stop up rock core.
2.5, the rubber pad that thickness is 1mm～40mm on rock core upper surface pad; play protection rock core, prevent that metal from pressing against bad rock core coating and preventing the effect of Leakage Gas; lifting top cover 14; note 5 through holes 12 of the vertical corresponding top cover 14 in position of assurance well; guarantee that pipeline is smoothly through top cover 14; vertically fall top cover 14, and with bolt, top cover is pressed into clamper 11, thus the nut closed roof 14 tighting a bolt.
2.6, from the axially extending bore 151 of lower cover 15, in axial compression space, inject certain clear water, for rock core provides certain axial compression, thus fixing rock core.
2.7, from inlet 131 use hand pumps radially to clamping wall 13 with rubber bush 16 between sealed cavity in inject a certain amount of clear water, and then control the confined pressure of rock core, the confined pressure of attention rock core is less than axial compression.
Step 3: to injected water and crude oil successively in clamper for described plane Five-point method pattern emulation, set up irreducible water saturation; Concrete, comprising:
3.1, vacuum pump is connected to the through hole 12 that is positioned at the center of circle on top cover 14 by pipeline, this through hole 12, for simulating producing well flatly, was closed other four-hole well around, to rock core vacuumizing approximately 2～4 hours.
3.2, hand pump is connected to the through hole 12 that is positioned at the center of circle on top cover 14 by pipeline, close other four-hole well, the through hole 12 injection formation waters that are positioned at the center of circle to this are to saturation state, the voids volume of rock core equals the volume of injected water.
3.3, with injection pump take be arranged in entrance that the through hole 12 in the center of circle is Injection Well and all the other four-hole wells arbitrarily a bite producing well be outlet, survey the permeability of this direction of rock core, then change extraction well, finally obtain the permeability on four direction.
3.4, give the rock core saturated oils in clamper:
The interior injection crude oil of through hole 12 to the emulation of plane Five-point method pattern with clamper 10, from another through hole 12 recovered waters and crude oil, close other through hole 12, this process will be measured the volume of recovered water simultaneously, and until then no longer water outlet is changed through hole 12 and is repeated said process.Wherein, the cumulative volume of accumulation recovered water is the volume of crude oil in rock core, and voids volume and its difference are VBW.
Note in the process of whole saturated oils, keep fluid to flow as far as possible in the same direction, and want the top part of displacement direction to start displacement, then along displacement direction, change successively through hole 12 that notes adopt until terminal gradually.
3.5,, under reservoir temperature, wait for and surpass 12 hours, with aging crude oil.
Step 4: by above-mentioned injection device to injecting carbon dioxide in clamper for described plane Five-point method pattern emulation, by above-mentioned data acquisition and output carbon dioxide caliberating device, gather experiments of measuring parameter, in the present embodiment, to the emulation of described plane Five-point method pattern, with the carbon dioxide injecting in clamper, be now carbon dioxide.Concrete, comprising:
4.1, according to connection device shown in Fig. 4, the through hole 12 that is positioned at top cover 14 centers of circle is connected to gas injection apparatus 31, wherein, gas injection apparatus 31 generally comprises: be connected source of the gas, fluid conversion equipment and constant speed and constant pressure pump with a described through hole 12 that is positioned at central authorities, conventionally also need some pipelines, UNICOM's valve etc.; All the other 4 through holes 12 are connected to produced fluid to be collected and calibration facility 21, wherein, produced fluid is collected and calibration facility 21 generally comprises: the back-pressure valve being connected with four through holes 12 respectively, back-pressure valve control interface connects stabilized pressure pump, pressure buffer equipment and pressure test equipment, back-pressure valve outlet connects gas-liquid separator, the gas outlet end of gas-liquid separator connects gas flow monitor, and the liquid outlet end of gas-liquid separator connects liquid metering device.
That 4.2, according to analog simulation, tests need to determine manufacturing parameter, wherein, and the static bottom hole pressure (being strata pressure) of the oil well that setting back pressure is target block; Temperature is the formation temperature of target block, but notices that pressure does not surpass 50MPa, and temperature should remain in 0 ℃～100 ℃.
4.3, determine injection-production method, adopt constant voltage to through hole 12 injecting carbon dioxides that are arranged in top cover 14 centers of circle, according to the positive five-spot injection-production method of the requirement of mining site simulation, the crude oil in rock core is carried out to carbon dioxide flooding exploitation, from intermediate wells injecting carbon dioxide, from around 4 mouthfuls exploitation simultaneously; Wherein injection pressure is generally 0～50MPa as required, but notes not surpassing confined pressure.
4.4, by produced fluid, collect and calibration facility 21 is measured manufacturing parameters, as measured production fluid time, production fluid amount, gas production; Wherein, the production fluid time adopts time supervision equipment or timing device metering, as stem-winder, electronic watch etc.; Production fluid amount adopts the metering of volume metering equipment, as graduated cylinder, or the metering of mass metrology equipment, as electronic balance; Gas production adopts the metering of gas dosing equipment, as mass-flow gas meter.
In the specific period of production simulation experiment, as serious channelling period occurs carbon dioxide, can carry out well stimulation according to requirement of experiment, as profile control, water blockoff.
For homogeneous low permeability oil field plane Five-point method pattern carbon dioxide constant flow displacement of reservoir oil emulation experiment method, comprise the following steps:
Step 1: select rock core and bore and above-mentioned plane Five-point method pattern corresponding five blind holes of described five through holes (12) on clamper (10) for emulation at described core surface;
Step 2: pack described rock core into above-mentioned plane Five-point method pattern for emulation in clamper (10);
Step 3: to described plane Five-point method pattern injected water and crude oil successively in the rock core in clamper (10) for emulation, set up irreducible water saturation;
Step 4: by above-mentioned gas injection apparatus (31) to the emulation of described plane Five-point method pattern with injecting fluid in clamper, by above-mentioned produced fluid, collect and calibration facility (21) collection experiments of measuring parameter, in the present embodiment, to the emulation of described plane Five-point method pattern, with the fluid injecting in clamper, be now carbon dioxide.
In four steps in the present embodiment and embodiment 1, four steps are basic identical, and difference is only in step 4, specifically: in the step 4 of the present embodiment,
4.3, determine injection-production method, adopt constant current to through hole (12) injecting carbon dioxide that is arranged in top cover (14) center of circle, according to the positive five-spot injection-production method of the requirement of mining site simulation, the crude oil in rock core is carried out to carbon dioxide flooding exploitation, from intermediate wells injecting carbon dioxide, from around 4 mouthfuls exploitation simultaneously; Wherein injection pressure is generally 0～2000ml/min as required, but notes not surpassing confined pressure.
Remaining details is all identical with embodiment 1, no longer repeats.
Embodiment 3
For crack low permeability oil field plane Five-point method pattern carbon dioxide constant voltage displacement of reservoir oil emulation experiment method, comprise the following steps:
Step 1: select rock core and bore and above-mentioned plane Five-point method pattern corresponding five blind holes of described five through holes (12) on clamper (10) for emulation at described core surface;
Step 2: pack described rock core into above-mentioned plane Five-point method pattern for emulation in clamper (10);
Step 3: to described plane Five-point method pattern injected water and crude oil successively in the rock core in clamper (10) for emulation, set up irreducible water saturation;
The details of above-mentioned three steps is identical to step 3 with the step 1 in embodiment 1, no longer repeats, and only has step 4 different, introduces the step 4 in the present embodiment below.
Step 4: by above-mentioned gas injection apparatus (31) to the emulation of described plane Five-point method pattern with injecting fluid in clamper, by above-mentioned produced fluid, collect and calibration facility (21) collection experiments of measuring parameter, in the present embodiment, to the emulation of described plane Five-point method pattern, with the fluid injecting in clamper, be now carbon dioxide.Concrete, comprising:
4.1, take out the saturated rock core of crossing crude oil, rock core is put into fracturing unit, pressure break is carried out in pressurization gradually, rock core after pressure break is reloaded in the cavity (11) of plane Five-point method pattern clamper (10) for emulation; Wherein, fracturing unit is generally high pressure fracture machine.
4.2, according to connection device shown in Fig. 4, the through hole (12) that will be positioned at top cover (14) center of circle connects gas injection apparatus (31), all the other 4 through holes (12) is connected to produced fluid and collect and calibration facility (21).
That 4.3, according to analog simulation, tests need to determine manufacturing parameter, wherein, and the static bottom hole pressure (being strata pressure) of the oil well that setting back pressure is target block; Temperature is the formation temperature of target block, but notices that pressure does not surpass 50MPa, and temperature should remain in 0 ℃～100 ℃.
4.4, determine injection-production method, adopt constant voltage to through hole (12) injecting carbon dioxide that is arranged in top cover (14) center of circle, according to the positive five-spot injection-production method of the requirement of mining site simulation, the crude oil in rock core is carried out to carbon dioxide flooding exploitation, from intermediate wells injecting carbon dioxide, from around 4 mouthfuls exploitation simultaneously; Wherein injection pressure is generally 0～50MPa as required, but notes not surpassing confined pressure.
4.5, by produced fluid, collect and calibration facility (21) is measured manufacturing parameter, as measured production fluid time, production fluid amount, gas production; Wherein, the production fluid time adopts time supervision equipment or timing device metering, as stem-winder, electronic watch etc.; Production fluid amount adopts the metering of volume metering equipment, as graduated cylinder, or the metering of mass metrology equipment, as electronic balance; Gas production adopts the metering of gas dosing equipment, as mass-flow gas meter.
In the specific period of production simulation experiment, as serious channelling period occurs carbon dioxide, can carry out well stimulation according to requirement of experiment, as profile control, water blockoff.
Claims (10)
1. a low permeability oil field plane Five-point method pattern carbon dioxide flooding emulation experiment analogy method, is characterized in that, described low permeability oil field plane Five-point method pattern carbon dioxide flooding emulation experiment analogy method comprises the following steps:
Step 1: select rock core and bore and plane Five-point method pattern corresponding five blind holes of five through holes (12) on clamper (10) for emulation at described core surface;
Step 2: pack described rock core into plane Five-point method pattern for emulation in clamper (10);
Step 3: to plane Five-point method pattern injected water and crude oil successively in clamper (10) for emulation, set up irreducible water saturation;
Step 4: to plane Five-point method pattern injecting carbon dioxide in clamper (10) for emulation, collect and calibration facility (21) gathers experiments of measuring parameter by produced fluid by gas injection apparatus (31).
2. low permeability oil field plane Five-point method pattern carbon dioxide flooding emulation experiment analogy method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, step 1 comprises the following steps:
1.1, choose natural core or artificial core, with sand paper or electric saw this rock core of polishing;
1.2, in the about coating of 0.2～0.4mm of the even coating thickness of core surface, be then placed on baking oven inner drying coating;
1.3, the upper surface at rock core bores described five blind holes, described five blind holes are 5 mouthfuls of wells, the diameter of this well is 3mm, the degree of depth of this well is about 5cm, the position of this well and corresponding apart from the position of the through hole (12) on the top cover (14) with plane Five-point method pattern clamper (10) for emulation, with mobile water, go out the powder of this Jing Chu, be then placed on drying in oven.
3. low permeability oil field plane Five-point method pattern carbon dioxide flooding emulation experiment analogy method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, in step 1.2, described in be applied to scraping blade along single direction in core surface drawout coating.
4. low permeability oil field plane Five-point method pattern carbon dioxide flooding emulation experiment analogy method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, step 2 comprises the following steps:
2.1, clean clamping wall (13), and on piston (18), pad the rubber pad that upper thickness is 1mm～40mm;
2.2, open top cover (14), described rock core is packed in the cavity (11) of plane Five-point method pattern clamper (10) for emulation;
2.3, make in 5 mouthfuls of wells that 5 pipelines are inserted into respectively described rock core, by pressure cap being fixed on to the assigned address of described pipeline, control the degree of depth of pit shaft;
2.4, with epoxy resin, build the rock core groove realization well cementation of described upper wellbore.
5. low permeability oil field plane Five-point method pattern carbon dioxide flooding emulation experiment analogy method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, step 2 is further comprising the steps of:
2.5, the rubber pad that thickness is 1mm～40mm on the upper surface pad of described rock core, lifting top cover (14), make 5 through holes (12) of the vertical corresponding top cover in position (14) of described well, make described pipeline smoothly through top cover (14), vertically fall top cover (14), and with bolt, top cover (14) is pressed into plane Five-point method pattern clamper (10) for emulation, make top cover (14) sealing;
2.6, from the axially extending bore (151) of lower cover (15), in axial compression space, inject certain clear water, to rock core, provide certain axial compression;
2.7, from radial direction through hole (131), with hand pump, in the sealed cavity between clamping wall (13) and rubber bush (16), inject a certain amount of clear water, control the confined pressure of described rock core.
6. low permeability oil field plane Five-point method pattern carbon dioxide flooding emulation experiment analogy method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the confined pressure described in step 2.7 is less than the axial compression described in step 2.6.
7. low permeability oil field plane Five-point method pattern carbon dioxide flooding emulation experiment analogy method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, step 3 comprises the following steps:
3.1, vacuum pump is connected to the through hole (12) that is positioned at the center of circle on top cover (14) by pipeline, this through hole (12), for flatly simulating producing well, was closed other four-hole well around, to described rock core vacuumizing 2～4 hours;
3.2, hand pump is connected to the through hole (12) that is positioned at the center of circle on top cover (14) by pipeline, closes other four-hole well, the through hole (12) that is positioned at the center of circle to this injects formation water to saturation state, and the voids volume of this rock core equals the volume of injected water;
3.3, with injection pump, take and be positioned at the entrance that the through hole (12) in the center of circle is Injection Well, the outlet that a through hole (12) in all the other four-hole through holes (12) is producing well, survey the permeability of this rock core, then change extraction well, finally obtain the permeability on four direction;
3.4, in a through hole (12) of plane Five-point method pattern clamper (10) for emulation, inject crude oil to saturation state, simultaneously from another through hole (12) recovered water and crude oil, close other through hole (12), the volume of metering recovered water, and until then no longer water outlet changes the volume that through hole (12) measures recovered water;
3.5,, under reservoir temperature, wait for and surpass 12 hours, aging crude oil.
8. low permeability oil field plane Five-point method pattern carbon dioxide flooding emulation experiment analogy method according to claim 7, is characterized in that, step 4 comprises the following steps:
4.1, the through hole (12) that will be positioned at top cover (14) center of circle connects gas injection apparatus (31), gas injection apparatus (31) comprising: the source of the gas being connected with the through hole (12) that is positioned at the described center of circle, fluid conversion equipment and constant speed and constant pressure pump, remaining 4 through hole (12) is connected to produced fluid to be collected and calibration facility (21), produced fluid is collected and calibration facility (21) comprising: the back-pressure valve being connected with four through holes (12) respectively, back-pressure valve control interface connects stabilized pressure pump, pressure buffer equipment and pressure test equipment, back-pressure valve outlet connects gas-liquid separator, the gas outlet end of gas-liquid separator connects gas flow monitor, the liquid outlet end of gas-liquid separator connects liquid metering device,
4.2, determine manufacturing parameter, the static bottom hole pressure of the oil well that setting back pressure is target block, the formation temperature that temperature is target block, described pressure is less than or equal to 50MPa, and described temperature remains on 0 ℃～100 ℃;
4.3, determine injection-production method, adopt constant voltage to through hole (12) injecting carbon dioxide that is arranged in top cover (14) center of circle, the positive five-spot injection-production method that simulation requires according to mining site carries out carbon dioxide flooding exploitation to the crude oil in rock core, from middle well injecting carbon dioxide, from 4 mouthfuls of wells around, exploit simultaneously, the pressure of described injecting carbon dioxide is 0～50MPa, and the pressure of described injecting carbon dioxide is less than over confined pressure;
4.4, by produced fluid, collect and calibration facility (21) is measured manufacturing parameter, this manufacturing parameter comprises measures production fluid time, production fluid amount, gas production; This production fluid time adopts time supervision equipment or timing device metering, and this production fluid amount adopts the metering of volume metering equipment, and this gas production adopts the metering of gas dosing equipment.
9. low permeability oil field plane Five-point method pattern carbon dioxide flooding emulation experiment analogy method according to claim 7, is characterized in that, step 4 comprises the following steps:
4.1, the through hole (12) that will be positioned at top cover (14) center of circle connects gas injection apparatus (31), gas injection apparatus (31) comprising: the source of the gas being connected with the through hole (12) that is positioned at the described center of circle, fluid conversion equipment and constant speed and constant pressure pump, remaining 4 through hole (12) is connected to produced fluid to be collected and calibration facility (21), produced fluid is collected and calibration facility (21) comprising: the back-pressure valve being connected with four through holes (12) respectively, back-pressure valve control interface connects stabilized pressure pump, pressure buffer equipment and pressure test equipment, back-pressure valve outlet connects gas-liquid separator, the gas outlet end of gas-liquid separator connects gas flow monitor, the liquid outlet end of gas-liquid separator connects liquid metering device,
4.2, determine manufacturing parameter, the static bottom hole pressure of the oil well that setting back pressure is target block, the formation temperature that temperature is target block, described pressure is less than or equal to 50MPa, and described temperature remains on 0 ℃～100 ℃;
4.3, determine injection-production method, adopt constant current to through hole (12) injecting carbon dioxide that is arranged in top cover (14) center of circle, the positive five-spot injection-production method that simulation requires according to mining site carries out carbon dioxide flooding exploitation to the crude oil in rock core, from middle well injecting carbon dioxide, from 4 mouthfuls of wells around, exploit simultaneously; The injection rate of described injecting carbon dioxide is 0～2000ml/min, and the pressure of described injecting carbon dioxide is less than over confined pressure;
4.4, by produced fluid, collect and calibration facility (21) is measured manufacturing parameter, this manufacturing parameter comprises measures production fluid time, production fluid amount, gas production; This production fluid time adopts time supervision equipment or timing device metering, and this production fluid amount adopts the metering of volume metering equipment, and this gas production adopts the metering of gas dosing equipment.
10. low permeability oil field plane Five-point method pattern carbon dioxide flooding emulation experiment analogy method according to claim 7, is characterized in that, step 4 comprises the following steps:
4.1, take out saturated this rock core of crossing crude oil, this rock core is put into fracturing unit, pressure break is carried out in pressurization gradually, post-fracturing this rock core is reloaded in the cavity (11) of plane Five-point method pattern clamper (10) for emulation; This fracturing unit is high pressure fracture machine;
Through hole (12) the connection gas injection apparatus (31) that 4.2, will be positioned at top cover (14) center of circle, connects produced fluids by all the other 4 through holes (12) and collects and calibration facility (21);
4.3, determine manufacturing parameter, the static bottom hole pressure of the oil well that setting back pressure is target block; Temperature is the formation temperature of target block, and described pressure is less than or equal to 50MPa, and described temperature remains on 0 ℃～100 ℃;
4.4, determine injection-production method, adopt constant voltage to through hole (12) injecting carbon dioxide that is arranged in top cover (14) center of circle, from 4 mouthfuls of wells around, exploit, the pressure of described injecting carbon dioxide is 0～50MPa simultaneously, and the pressure of described injecting carbon dioxide is less than over confined pressure;
4.5, by produced fluid, collect and calibration facility (21) is measured manufacturing parameter, this manufacturing parameter comprises measures production fluid time, production fluid amount, gas production; This production fluid time adopts time supervision equipment or timing device metering, and this production fluid amount adopts the metering of volume metering equipment, and this gas production adopts the metering of gas dosing equipment.
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