CN103521768A - Manufacturing method of selective laser sintering composite material enhanced with nano-materials - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of selective laser sintering composite material enhanced with nano-materials Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a manufacturing method of a selective laser sintering composite material enhanced with nano-materials. The composite material is formed after one or more nano-materials are dispersed in one or more host materials and is shaped through selective laser sintering, the variety and distribution of the nano-materials in the host materials can be determined as needed, multiple types of nano-materials, such as nano-particles, nano-tubes, nano-wires, nano-fibers and the combination of the nano-particles, the nano-tubes, the nano-wires and the nano-fibers, can be used, and the host materials are materials suitable for the selective laser sintering technique such as metal, ceramics, polymer and the combination of the metal, the ceramics and the polymer. The method comprises multiple operating steps and is used for manufacturing the selective laser sintering composite material enhanced with the nano-materials. According to the method, the nano-materials are used for enhancing the selective laser sintering composite material, and therefore the performance of the selective laser sintering composite material is improved; meanwhile, due to the high speed and efficiency of the selective laser sintering technique, the manufacturing time of the nanocomposite is greatly shortened, the production efficiency of the nanocomposite is improved, and high-speed production of the nanocomposite is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of manufacture method that adopts the selective laser sintering (SLS) composite of nano material enhancing, be applicable to the quick manufacture of the industrial circles such as Aero-Space, boats and ships and vehicle.
Background technology
Nano material is that characteristic dimension is the material of nanometer scale at least in one direction.Because of its size minimum, nano material has different Electronic Structures and crystal structure, and there is the unexistent quantum effect of macro object, small-size effect, skin effect and interfacial effect, also therefore there is mechanics, electromagnetism and the chemical characteristic of the unexistent excellence of macro object.In field of compound material, nano material is desirable enhancing, toughness reinforcing phase, as nanotube, nano wire and nanofiber can split sharp bridging, forms crack arrest mechanism, improves the ability of material opposing fracture and fatigue rupture.
Selective laser sintering (SLS) technology belongs to the rapid shaping technique (RP, Rapid Prototyping) growing up since 1987.This technology is a kind of novel increasing material manufacturing technology, does not need to use any mould and Cutting Process, by piling up layer by layer, directly from CAD mathematical model, obtains the three-dimensional entity model of arbitrary shape.This technology has saving material, the features such as convenience and high-efficiency and intellectuality.
Although above-mentioned technology has obtained good effect, also there are some problems.On the one hand, although nano material is widely used in field of compound material, traditional manufacture method is difficult to be controlled at composite inner kind and the ratio of nano material everywhere, and the efficiency that causes nano material to be utilized is not high.On the other hand, selective laser sintering (SLS) adopts the manufacture method of successively piling up, the inner defective tightness of moulding material, and the various defects such as easily crack, and mechanical property is not high, especially fatigue and fracture poor-performing etc.So, design a kind of method by the advantages of nano material and selective laser sintering (SLS) technology, make up the deficiency of two kinds of technology, be an of great value job.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to: overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of manufacture method that adopts the selective laser sintering (SLS) composite of nano material enhancing is provided, by nano material, selective laser sintering (SLS) material is strengthened, manufacture high performance selective laser sintering (SLS) composite.The selective laser sintering (SLS) composite that the present invention comprises the enhancing of employing nano material and relevant manufacture method.This composite comprises one or more host materials and is dispersed in one or more nano materials that wherein play humidification.Host material can be selected metal, pottery, polymer or its combination, and nano material can be selected nano particle, nanotube, nano wire, nanofiber or its combination.
The technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of manufacture method that adopts the selective laser sintering (SLS) composite of nano material enhancing, described composite comprises at least one nanostructured and at least one host material, and the performing step that composite is manufactured is as follows:
The composite structure of step (1), design, is decomposed into a series of planes to be processed that have thickness by composite structure, and determines kind and the ratio of adding nano material in each processing plane everywhere;
Step (2), according to the design of step (1), in model cylinder, lay the mixed sintering powder of one deck nanostructured and host material;
Step (3), laser focusing be in plane to be processed, the mixed-powder that in heat-agglomerating plane, presumptive area has been completed;
The send behind thickness of plane to be processed of step (4), model cylinder piston, lays new one deck sintered powder, and repeating step (3), processes next plane to be processed;
Step (5), continuous repeating step (4) are processed next flat sided straight to be processed to the composite structure that forms design.
Wherein, host material is selected in metal, pottery and polymer any, or any two kinds of combinations, or three kinds of combinations.
Wherein, host material should be made powder, and the diameter upper limit of powder particle should be less than the lower thickness limit of plane to be processed.
Wherein, host material is metal or pottery, or its combination; Selection is carried out overlay film processing or is not carried out overlay film processing, and binding agent is selected in metal adhesive, plastic binder and inorganic binder any, or any two kinds of combinations, or three kinds of combinations.
Wherein, nano material is selected in nano particle, nanotube, nano wire and nanofiber any, or any two kinds of combinations, or any three kinds of combinations, or four kinds of combinations.
Wherein, the method that promotes nano material to disperse in matrix material comprises:
(1), supercritical ultrasonics technology; Or,
(2), mechanical agitation; Or,
(3), during preparation nano material powder, nano material powder is carried out to chemical surface modification processing; Or,
(4), in nano material powder, add dispersant; Or,
(5), the combination of above method.
Wherein, the method for mobile laser beam foucing position in plane to be processed comprises:
(1), adjust position and the angle of laser beam source, make laser beam foucing be positioned at diverse location in plane to be processed; Or,
(2), adjust the layout of optical element in laser beam light path, make laser beam foucing be positioned at diverse location in plane to be processed; Or,
(3), adjust the position of liner plate, make the focus of laser beam be positioned at diverse location in plane to be processed; Or,
(4), the combination of above 3 kinds of methods.
Wherein, mobile velocity magnitude can be according to the requirement adjustment of forming quality in plane to be processed for laser beam foucing.
Wherein, at least a portion of described method is carried out in inert atmosphere.
Wherein, inert atmosphere is at least selected a kind of gas in nitrogen, argon gas and carbon dioxide.
The composite structure of described step (1) design, is decomposed into a series of planes to be processed that have thickness by composite structure, and determines that kind and the ratio implementation procedure of in each processing plane, adding nano material are everywhere:
A) according to using, need to use CAD Software for Design composite structure, and set up corresponding 3D model;
B), according to the feature of composite, 3D model is decomposed into a series of planes to be processed;
C) mainly according to the use of composite, need to determine nano material kind and ratio, as surface, can select the nano material that increases hardness, the nano material of gaining in strength can be selected in inner force part.
Described step (2) is according to the design of step (1), and the mixed sintering powder implementation procedure of laying one deck nanostructured and host material in model cylinder is:
According to kind and the distribution of the definite nano material of step (1), use paving powder equipment on liner plate, to lay the mixed-powder of one deck host material and nano material.
Described step is by (3) laser focusing in plane to be processed, and the mixed-powder implementation procedure that in heat-agglomerating plane, presumptive area has been completed is:
A) according to the performance requirement of the shape of presumptive area and composite, track and the speed of the scanning of design laser spot;
B) by control system, send instruction, position and the state of the optical element on adjustment lasing light emitter, laser optical path and at least a portion of liner plate, so that laser beam foucing moving by the track of design and speed in plane to be processed completes the sintering to presumptive area.
The send behind thickness of plane to be processed of described step (4) model cylinder piston, lays new one deck sintered powder, and repeating step (3) is processed next Planar realization process to be processed and is:
A) wait for that one deck that sintering has processed solidifies completely;
B), according to kind and the distribution of the definite nano material of step (1), use paving powder equipment on liner plate, to lay the mixed-powder of one deck host material and nano material;
C) according to the method sintering host material of step (3) and the mixed-powder of nano material.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) the present invention adopts nano material to strengthen selective laser sintering (SLS) material, can improve the performance of selective laser sintering (SLS) material.The mechanical property of nano-particle material, nanotube, nano wire and nanofiber energy reinforcing material wherein for example, splitting sharp bridging toughness reinforcing, form crack arrest mechanism.Make to have more high performance selective laser sintering (SLS) material and can adapt to more application.
(2) the present invention adopts selective laser sintering (SLS) technology to carry out production nano composite material, has greatly shortened the manufacturing time of nano composite material, has improved the production efficiency of nano composite material, has realized the high-speed production of nano composite material.
(3) method that the present invention adopts can make nano material distribute as required in composite structure, has improved the efficiency that in composite, nano material is used.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the microcosmic schematic diagram of the selective laser sintering (SLS) material that strengthens of employing nano material involved in the present invention, and 1 is nano material, and 2 is matrix;
Fig. 2 is the flow chart that the present invention realizes.
The specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, material specific implementation of the present invention is that nano material is scattered in the composite that matrix material forms.Wherein matrix material plays a part to support and be connected, and forms the shape of whole composite, connects the nano material of disperseing in matrix and bears and transmit the inside and outside various load of material, and nano material plays humidification to matrix, improves the performance of total.
As shown in Figure 2, implementation method of the present invention is specially:
(1) composite structure of design, is decomposed into a series of planes to be processed that have thickness by composite structure, and determines kind and the ratio of adding nano material in each processing plane everywhere;
According to using, need to use CAD Software for Design composite structure, and set up corresponding 3D model; According to the feature of composite, 3D model is decomposed into a series of planes to be processed; Mainly according to the use of composite, need to determine nano material kind and ratio, as surface, can select the nano material that increases hardness, the nano material of gaining in strength can be selected in inner force part.
(2), according to the design of step (1), in model cylinder, lay the mixed sintering powder of one deck nanostructured and host material;
According to kind and the distribution of the definite nano material of step (1), use paving powder equipment on liner plate, to lay the mixed-powder of one deck host material and nano material.
(3) laser focusing is in plane to be processed, the mixed-powder that in heat-agglomerating plane, presumptive area has been completed;
According to the performance requirement of the shape of presumptive area and composite, track and the speed of the scanning of design laser spot; By control system, send instruction, position and the state of the optical element on adjustment lasing light emitter, laser optical path and at least a portion of liner plate, so that laser beam foucing moving by the track of design and speed in plane to be processed completes the sintering to presumptive area.
(4) the model cylinder piston thickness of plane to be processed that sends behind, lays new one deck sintered powder, and repeating step (3), processes next plane to be processed;
Wait for that one deck that sintering has processed solidifies completely; According to kind and the distribution of the definite nano material of step (1), use paving powder equipment on liner plate, to lay the mixed-powder of one deck host material and nano material; According to the method sintering host material of step (3) and the mixed-powder of nano material.
(5) constantly repeating step (4) is processed next flat sided straight to be processed to the composite structure that forms design.
Start the first being processed of next plane to be processed, should first guarantee that manufactured plane solidifies completely.
Embodiment 1:
1. geometric description:
Composite is 1 cube
2. concrete implementation method:
(1) composite structure of design, is decomposed into a series of planes to be processed that have thickness by composite structure, and determines kind and the ratio that adds nano material in each processing plane everywhere
Utilize CAD software to set up the cube of a 10mm * 10mm * 10mm.In cube, matrix material is chosen as AerMet100 comminuted steel shot, its chemical composition (mass fraction, %) be 13.47Co, 11.38Ni, 2.96Cr, 1.23Mo, 0.23C, 0.048Si, 0.014Mn, 0.0074Al, 0.0007S, < 0.005P, < 0.005Ti, 0.0028O, Fe surplus.Nano material is selected football alkene nano particle, is uniformly distributed.Take a cubical summit is the origin of coordinates, take and as reference axis, sets up right hand rectangular coordinate system o-xyz from 3 ribs on this summit, and x axle and y axle are positioned at horizontal plane, and z axle straight up.Cube is decomposed into 10 planes to be processed that are parallel to xy plane, and the thickness of each plane is 1mm, long and wide 10mm and the 10mm of being respectively.
(2), according to the design of step (1), in model cylinder, lay the mixed sintering powder of one deck nanostructured and host material;
First nano material powder is fully mixed with the powder of matrix material, can select supercritical ultrasonics technology.Then the sintered powder mixing is put into paving powder equipment, lay one deck sintered powder according to the thickness of processing plane in model cylinder, the thickness of powder is 1mm.
(3) laser focusing is in plane to be processed, the mixed-powder that in heat-agglomerating plane, presumptive area has been completed;
First design the track of laser scanning for being 0 from y coordinate (mm), along x axle positive direction, being scanned up to y coordinate (mm) is the line segment at 10 places, and the x coordinate (mm) of track while scan is respectively 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 and 10.The speed of design scanning is 2mm/s.Then control laser spot along desired trajectory and velocity scanning.
(4) the model cylinder piston thickness of plane to be processed that sends behind, lays new one deck sintered powder, and repeating step (3), processes next plane to be processed;
By control system control piston, move down 1mm, use paving powder equipment to lay new one deck sintered powder, then with laser, the sintered powder of completing is carried out to sintering.
(5) constantly repeating step (4) is processed next flat sided straight to be processed to the composite structure that forms design;
Start the first being processed of next plane to be processed, should first guarantee that manufactured plane solidifies completely.After completing the processing of the 10th processing plane, complete the cubical manufacture work of selective laser sintering (SLS) composite that whole 10mm * 10mm * 10mm adopts nano material to strengthen.
The not detailed disclosed part of the present invention belongs to the known technology of this area.
Although above the illustrative specific embodiment of the present invention is described; so that the technical staff of present technique neck understands the present invention; but should be clear; the invention is not restricted to the scope of the specific embodiment; to those skilled in the art; as long as various variations appended claim limit and definite the spirit and scope of the present invention in, these variations are apparent, all utilize innovation and creation that the present invention conceives all at the row of protection.
Claims (10)
1. a manufacture method that adopts the selective laser sintering (SLS) composite of nano material enhancing, described composite comprises at least one nanostructured and at least one host material, it is characterized in that, the method comprises the following steps:
The composite structure of step (1), design, is decomposed into a series of planes to be processed that have thickness by composite structure, and determines kind and the ratio of adding nano material in each processing plane everywhere;
Step (2), according to the design of step (1), in model cylinder, lay the mixed sintering powder of one deck nanostructured and host material;
Step (3), laser focusing be in plane to be processed, the mixed-powder that in heat-agglomerating plane, presumptive area has been completed;
The send behind thickness of plane to be processed of step (4), model cylinder piston, lays new one deck sintered powder, and repeating step (3), processes next plane to be processed;
Step (5), continuous repeating step (4) are processed next flat sided straight to be processed to the composite structure that forms design.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, wherein, host material is selected in metal, pottery and polymer any, or any two kinds of combinations, or three kinds of combinations.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, wherein, nano material is selected in nano particle, nanotube, nano wire and nanofiber any, or any two kinds of combinations, or any three kinds of combinations, or four kinds of combinations.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, wherein, nano material can be dispersed in matrix material well, promotes the method for disperseing to comprise:
(1), supercritical ultrasonics technology; Or,
(2), mechanical agitation; Or,
(3), during preparation nano material powder, nano material powder is carried out to chemical surface modification processing; Or,
(4), in nano material powder, add dispersant; Or,
(5), the combination of above method.
5. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, wherein, the method for mobile laser beam foucing position in plane to be processed comprises:
(1), adjust position and the angle of laser beam source, make laser beam foucing be positioned at diverse location in plane to be processed; Or,
(2), adjust the layout of optical element in laser beam light path, make laser beam foucing be positioned at diverse location in plane to be processed; Or,
(3), the position of adjustment model case, make the focus of laser beam be positioned at diverse location in plane to be processed; Or,
(4), the combination of above 3 kinds of methods.
6. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, wherein, mobile velocity magnitude can be according to the requirement adjustment of forming quality in plane to be processed for laser beam foucing.
7. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the composite structure of described step (1) design, composite structure is decomposed into a series of planes to be processed that have thickness, and determines that kind and the ratio implementation procedure of in each processing plane, adding nano material are everywhere:
A) according to using, need to use CAD Software for Design composite structure, and set up corresponding 3D model;
B), according to the feature of composite, 3D model is decomposed into a series of planes to be processed;
C) mainly according to the use of composite, need to determine nano material kind and ratio, as surface, can select the nano material that increases hardness, the nano material of gaining in strength can be selected in inner force part.
8. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described step (2) is according to the design of step (1), and the mixed sintering powder implementation procedure of laying one deck nanostructured and host material in model cylinder is:
According to kind and the distribution of the definite nano material of step (1), use paving powder equipment on liner plate, to lay the mixed-powder of one deck host material and nano material.
9. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described step (3) laser focusing is in plane to be processed, and the mixed-powder implementation procedure that in heat-agglomerating plane, presumptive area has been completed is:
A) according to the performance requirement of the shape of presumptive area and composite, track and the speed of the scanning of design laser spot;
B) by control system, send instruction, position and the state of the optical element on adjustment lasing light emitter, laser optical path and at least a portion of liner plate, so that laser beam foucing moving by the track of design and speed in plane to be processed completes the sintering to presumptive area.
10. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described step (4) model cylinder piston moves down the thickness of a plane to be processed, lays new one deck sintered powder, and repeating step (3) is processed next Planar realization process to be processed and is:
A) wait for that one deck that sintering has processed solidifies completely;
B), according to kind and the distribution of the definite nano material of step (1), use paving powder equipment on liner plate, to lay the mixed-powder of one deck host material and nano material;
C) according to the method sintering host material of step (3) and the mixed-powder of nano material.
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| CN106862566A (en) * | 2017-03-14 | 2017-06-20 | 西安科技大学 | The preparation method of carbon fiber metal material and the manufacture method of carbon fiber metal article |
| CN107352999A (en) * | 2017-07-21 | 2017-11-17 | 成都职业技术学院 | A kind of analog detection method of the laser sintered performance of 3D printing inorganic material powders |
| CN108247053B (en) * | 2018-01-15 | 2019-07-16 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of method that 3D printing prepares complex-shaped composite material hot-work die |
| CN108247053A (en) * | 2018-01-15 | 2018-07-06 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of method that 3D printing prepares complex-shaped composite material hot-work die |
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