CN103514084A - Test method for reflecting hard-disk read-write energy efficiency of computer equipment - Google Patents

Test method for reflecting hard-disk read-write energy efficiency of computer equipment Download PDF

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CN103514084A
CN103514084A CN201210224367.2A CN201210224367A CN103514084A CN 103514084 A CN103514084 A CN 103514084A CN 201210224367 A CN201210224367 A CN 201210224367A CN 103514084 A CN103514084 A CN 103514084A
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computer equipment
write
read
test event
file
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CN103514084B (en
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毛兴江
方行
谈骞
葛昌荣
陆肖元
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Shanghai Broadband Technology and Application Engineering Research Center
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Shanghai Broadband Technology and Application Engineering Research Center
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02DCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D10/00Energy efficient computing, e.g. low power processors, power management or thermal management

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Abstract

The invention provides a test method for reflecting hard-disk read-write energy efficiency of computer equipment. The test method for reflecting the hard-disk read-write energy efficiency of the computer equipment comprises the steps that (1) a test item of reading/writing hard disk files runs on the computer equipment, so that the operation rate of operation of the test item is obtained, and the power of the computer equipment in the process of operation of the test item is obtained; (2) the energy efficiency ratio of the computer equipment in the process of operation of the test item is determined on the basis of the ratio between the power and the operation rate. Therefore, the energy efficiency ratio, about the hard-disk read-write performance, of the computer equipment can be reflected in a targeted mode.

Description

The method of testing of reflection computer equipment disk read-write efficiency
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of efficiency test method, particularly relate to a kind of method of testing that reflects computer equipment disk read-write efficiency.
Background technology
Advocating green, low-carbon (LC) instantly, people pay close attention to inputoutput rate more, and also stricter control budget and cost, therefore selects the equipment with high energy efficiency ratio to become one of very important factor of people.Along with informationization going deep into from generation to generation, the efficiency of computer equipment is more and more subject to the attention of each side, and wherein, the multinucleation of processor becomes storage speed affects the bottleneck of its performance, is also larger one of energy resource consumption.The disk of traditional hard disk based on rotation done addressing radially, and then read and write data, there is larger access delay, even if disk running speed is high again, to the average response ability IOPS(of addressed command executable I/O operand per second) the high rotating speed that also cannot meet the demands meanwhile waits as long for and makes disk energy consumption huge.
Therefore, need to test the disk read-write efficiency of computer equipment, in order to solve the excessive problem of power consumption of the computer equipment using.
Summary of the invention
The shortcoming of prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of testing that reflects computer equipment disk read-write efficiency in view of the above, to save the power consumption of computing machine.
For achieving the above object and other relevant objects, the invention provides a kind of method of testing that reflects computer equipment disk read-write efficiency, it comprises step: the test event that 1) makes computer equipment operation read/write fixed disk file, to obtain the operating rate of the described test event of operation, and obtain the power of described computer equipment in the described test event process of operation; 2) ratio based on described power and described operating rate is determined the Energy Efficiency Ratio of the described computer equipment of reflection in disk read-write performance.
Preferably, the operating rate of obtaining the test event of computer equipment operation read/write fixed disk file in described step 1) comprises: 1-1) make computer equipment move the test event of described read/write fixed disk file because of the obtained test instruction that comprises read/write fixed disk file mode, and obtain described computer equipment and move the time that described test event spends after operation, and the quantity of the packet of institute's read/write; 1-2) quantity based on described packet obtains with the ratio of the time spending the operating rate that described computer equipment moves described test event.
Preferably, the operating rate of obtaining the test event of computer equipment operation read/write fixed disk file in described step 1) comprises: 1-a) make the test instruction of computer equipment a plurality of modes that comprise read/write fixed disk file based on obtained under the same density of load move the test event of read/write fixed disk file, and move each time based on described computer equipment the time that described test event spends, obtain the operation mean value of the time that once described test event spends; Quantity based on described test event packet of institute's read/write in operational process each time, obtains the once mean value of the quantity of the packet of described test event institute read/write of operation; 1-b) ratio of the mean value of the mean value of the quantity based on described packet and institute's spended time is obtained the operating rate that described computer equipment moves described test event.
Preferably, described step 1) comprises: add up the power of described computer equipment in repeatedly moving described test event process, to obtain the mean value of described power.
Preferably, described step 2) comprising: the mean value based on described power and the ratio of described operating rate are determined the Energy Efficiency Ratio of described computer equipment in disk read-write performance.
Preferably, make the corresponding described test event of the test instruction of described computer equipment based on comprising different read/write fixed disk file modes operation, to obtain described computer equipment, move the Energy Efficiency Ratio of test event described in each; Described method also comprises step 3): the weight of each read/write fixed disk file mode of the operation based on default obtains the Energy Efficiency Ratio of the described computer equipment of reflection in disk read-write performance.
Preferably, make described computer equipment in different loads intensity, and make described computer equipment under the identical density of load, the corresponding described test event of test instruction based on comprising different read/write fixed disk file modes operation, for execution step 1), step 2) and step 3).
Preferably, described read/write fixed disk file mode comprises: by file with the mode of the big or small random read/write of packet preset, by file with at least one in the mode of the big or small packet sequence read/write preset.
As mentioned above, the method of testing of reflection computer equipment disk read-write efficiency of the present invention, there is following beneficial effect: the ratio of power when the operating rate of test event that can be based on described computer equipment operation read/write fixed disk file and the test event of the described read/write fixed disk file of operation is determined the Energy Efficiency Ratio of the disk read-write performance of described computer equipment, so, can reflect targetedly the Energy Efficiency Ratio of described computer equipment in disk read-write performance.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is shown as the process flow diagram of the method for testing of reflection computer equipment disk read-write efficiency of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is shown as the process flow diagram of obtaining a kind of preferred implementation of arithmetic speed in the method for testing of reflection computer equipment disk read-write efficiency of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is shown as the process flow diagram of obtaining another preferred implementation of arithmetic speed in the method for testing of reflection computer equipment disk read-write efficiency of the present invention.
The structural representation of power when Fig. 4 is shown as the test event that obtains described upload/download file of computer equipment operation in the method for testing of reflection computer equipment disk read-write efficiency of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is shown as the process flow diagram of another preferred implementation of the method for testing of reflection computer equipment disk read-write efficiency of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is shown as the process flow diagram of another preferred implementation of the method for testing of reflection computer equipment disk read-write efficiency of the present invention.
Element numbers explanation
1 computer equipment
2 efficiency test systems
21 disk read-write Performance Analysis Softwares
22 power measurings
S1-S3, S11, S12, S13, S14, S15, S16 step
Embodiment
Below, by specific instantiation explanation embodiments of the present invention, those skilled in the art can understand other advantages of the present invention and effect easily by the disclosed content of this instructions.The present invention can also be implemented or be applied by other different embodiment, and the every details in this instructions also can be based on different viewpoints and application, carries out various modifications or change not deviating under spirit of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is shown as the process flow diagram of the method for testing of reflection computer equipment disk read-write efficiency of the present invention.The method of testing of described reflection computer equipment disk read-write efficiency is mainly carried out by efficiency test system, and described efficiency test system is the application module being arranged in computer equipment to be tested.Described computer equipment be a kind of can be according to the program of prior storage, automatically, the modernization intelligent electronic device that carries out at high speed massive values computation and various information processings, it includes but not limited to blade server, file server, Website server, tower server, rack-mount server, common desktop computer, notebook computer, embedded device etc.
In step S1, described efficiency test system makes the test event of computer equipment operation read/write fixed disk file, to obtain the operating rate of the described test event of operation, and obtains the power of described computer equipment in the described test event process of operation.Wherein, described test event comprises any test event that makes described computer equipment carry out read/write fixed disk file, and it includes but not limited to: HD Tach testing software.
Particularly, described efficiency test system obtains test event handled data volume within a period of time of the read/write fixed disk file in described computer equipment, and the ratio based on described data volume and described time period calculates the operating rate that described computer equipment moves the test event of described read/write fixed disk file.
For example, make described computer equipment operation read the test event of C dish file, described efficiency test system moves to that t1 starts constantly until t2 obtains the data volume a that reads this document constantly time at described computer equipment, and obtain the power of the described computer equipment between constantly to t2 constantly at t1, and constantly obtain described arithmetic speed with the ratio of t1 difference constantly based on described data volume a and described t2, then the ratio based on described power and described arithmetic speed is obtained Energy Efficiency Ratio.
Preferably, as shown in Figure 2, the operating rate of obtaining the test event of computer equipment operation read/write fixed disk file in described step S1 comprises: step S11 and step S12.
In step S11, described efficiency test system makes computer equipment move the test event of described read/write fixed disk file because of the obtained test instruction that comprises read/write fixed disk file mode, and obtain described computer equipment and move the time that described test event spends after operation, and the quantity of the packet of institute's read/write.Wherein, described read/write fixed disk file mode comprises any mode that makes described computer equipment carry out read/write fixed disk file, and it includes but not limited to: by file with the mode of the big or small random read/write of packet preset, by file with at least one in the mode of the big or small packet sequence read/write preset.
The mode that described computer equipment obtains described test instruction includes but not limited to: by human-computer interaction device, obtain described test instruction.For example, personnel select on the interface of the test event of read/write fixed disk file by mouse: the test instruction that described computer equipment is write stored file at random with the packet of 512KB, and offer described computer equipment.Thus, make described computer equipment based on obtained described test instruction, move the test event of corresponding read/write fixed disk file, for described efficiency test system, obtain described computer equipment and move the time that corresponding test event spends, and described test event handled data volume in operational process.
In step S12, the quantity of described efficiency test system based on described packet obtains with the ratio of the time spending the operating rate that described computer equipment moves described test event.
For example, described test instruction is: specified file A is write in disk C with the packet of 512K randomly, described computer equipment is write the test event of hard disk based on described test instruction operation, the test event of described efficiency test system based on described computer equipment operation written document A obtains the spent time and the quantity of the packet that writes; The ratio of the quantity of described efficiency test system based on described packet and institute's spended time is determined the Energy Efficiency Ratio of the described computer equipment of reflection in disk read-write performance.
Preferably, as shown in Figure 3, the mode of operating rate that obtains the test event of computer equipment operation read/write file in described step S1 also comprises: step S13, step S14.
In step S13, described efficiency test system makes computer equipment under the same density of load, based on obtained a plurality of test instructions that comprise read/write fixed disk file mode, move the test event of read/write fixed disk file, and move each time based on described computer equipment the time that described test event spends, obtain the operation mean value of the time that once described test event spends; Quantity based on described test event packet of institute's read/write in operational process each time, obtains the once mean value of the quantity of the packet of described test event institute read/write of operation.Wherein, the density of load refers to that described computer equipment moves the factor that the ability of described test event is changed, and it includes but not limited to: the size of the packet of read/write, described computer equipment are also processed the data volume of other data etc. in the described test event of operation.
For example, the test instruction that described computer equipment obtains is successively: the file B in D dish is read at random with the size of each packet 256B, the file C of appointment be take to each data package size sequentially to be write in hard disk E and hard disk F as 256B, described computer equipment moves the test event of reading fixed disk file successively, and the test event of writing fixed disk file, wherein, described efficiency test system first obtains the operation of described computer equipment and reads time t1 that the test event of fixed disk file spends and the quantity k1 of packet, then obtain the operation of described computer equipment and write time t2 that the test event of fixed disk file spends and the quantity k2 of packet, then, the quantity of described efficiency test system based on twice obtained packet obtains the once mean value k of the quantity of the packet of described test event institute read/write of operation, and obtain the operation mean value t of the time that once described test event spends based on twice obtained time.
Then,, in step S14, the ratio of the mean value of the quantity of described efficiency test system based on described packet and the mean value of institute's spended time is obtained the operating rate that described computer equipment moves described test event.
Continue the example in step S13, the mean value k of described efficiency test system based on described quantity and the mean value t of the time spending obtain the operating rate that described computer equipment moves the test event of read/write fixed disk file.
Meanwhile, described efficiency test system also performs step S15.
In step S15, described efficiency test system obtains described computer equipment power in the test event process of read/write fixed disk file on operation is described.As shown in Figure 4, described efficiency test system 2 comprises: disk read-write Performance Analysis Software 21, power measuring 22.Described disk read-write Performance Analysis Software 21 is the application module in described computer equipment 1.Described power measuring 22 comprises any instrument that can test the power of described computer equipment in the test event process of the described read/write fixed disk file of operation.
For example, power measuring 22 is connected with described computer equipment 1, to gather the power of described computer equipment 1, and gathered power is offered to described disk read-write Performance Analysis Software 21 in real time, the power of described computer equipment is obtained in the test instruction that described disk read-write Performance Analysis Software 21 obtains based on described computer equipment 1.
And for example, power measuring 22 is connected with described computer equipment 1, when the test instruction of described computer equipment 1 based on obtained starts described power measuring 22, gather power, described power measuring 22 offers described disk read-write Performance Analysis Software 21 by gathered power.
Preferably, the mode that obtains the power in the test event process of computer equipment operation read/write fixed disk file in described step S1 also comprises that step S16(does not give diagram).
In step S16, the power of computer equipment in repeatedly moving described test event process described in described efficiency test system statistics, to obtain the mean value of described power.
Described in described efficiency test system statistics, the mode of the power of computer equipment in repeatedly moving described test event process includes but not limited to: 1) at described computer equipment, based on a test instruction, move in described test event process, described disk read-write Performance Analysis Software obtains the power that described power measuring 22 gathers for more than 21 time.2) at described computer equipment, based on test instruction repeatedly, move in described test event process, described disk read-write Performance Analysis Software obtains the power that described power measuring 22 gathers for more than 21 time.For described disk read-write Performance Analysis Software 21, obtain the average power of described computer equipment 1 in the described test event process of operation.
In step S2, the ratio of described efficiency test system based on described power and described operating rate is determined the Energy Efficiency Ratio of the described computer equipment of reflection in disk read-write performance.
For example, described efficiency test system obtains the operating rate that the test event of fixed disk file is write in described computer equipment operation, and the power of operation while writing the test event of fixed disk file, the ratio of described efficiency test system based on described power and described operating rate is determined and is reflected the Energy Efficiency Ratio of described computer equipment in disk read-write performance.
Preferably, described step S2 also comprises that step S21(does not give diagram).
In step S21, the mean value of described efficiency test system based on described power and the ratio of described operating rate are determined the Energy Efficiency Ratio of described computer equipment in disk read-write performance.
For example, described efficiency test system obtains the operating rate that the test event of file is read in described computer equipment operation, and move the average power in the test event process of reading file, the ratio of described efficiency test system based on described average power and described operating rate is determined the Energy Efficiency Ratio of the described computer equipment of reflection in disk read-write performance.
As a kind of preferred version, as shown in Figure 5, make the test instruction of the mode of described computer equipment based on comprising different read/write fixed disk files move the test event of the described read/write fixed disk file of different operations, to obtain the Energy Efficiency Ratio of the different described test events of described computer equipment operation; Described method also comprises step S3.
In step S3, the weight of the mode of operation each the read/write fixed disk file of described efficiency test system based on default obtains the Energy Efficiency Ratio of the described disk read-write performance of the described computer equipment of reflection.
For example, described test instruction comprises: in the packet random writing disk C by the file F of appointment with 512KB, file G in hard disk D is sequentially read with 512KB, described computer equipment moves successively the test event of written document F based on described test instruction and reads the test event of file G, described efficiency test system obtains according to the test event of operation written document F the time that written document F spends, write the quantity of the packet of described file F, and the power of computer equipment described in while writing described file F, the quantity of the first packet based on described file F of described efficiency test system and the ratio of the time that upload file F spends calculate the arithmetic speed of the test event of operation written document F, then, described in during based on written document F, the power of computer equipment and the ratio of described arithmetic speed are determined the Energy Efficiency Ratio P1 of described computer equipment, in like manner, the quantity of the time that the test event that described efficiency test system is read file G based on obtained described computer equipment operation spends, the packet of reading described file F and while reading file G described in the power of computer equipment obtain Energy Efficiency Ratio P2, then, the weight of the random written document mode of described efficiency test system based on default is that a1, the weight of sequentially reading file mode are the Energy Efficiency Ratio P=a1*P1+a2*P2 that a2 determines the disk read-write performance of the described computer equipment of reflection.
As another preferred version, as shown in Figure 6, make described computer equipment under the identical density of load, the corresponding described test event of test instruction based on comprising different read/write fixed disk file modes operation, so that described efficiency test system obtains the Energy Efficiency Ratio that described computer equipment moves test event described in each; Then, the weight of the mode of each read/write fixed disk file of the operation based on default obtains the Energy Efficiency Ratio of the described disk read-write performance of the described computer equipment of reflection.
For example, described test instruction comprises: by the file H of appointment, K with the packet of 64KB respectively order write disk C, by the file M in hard disk D, N reads respectively at random with the packet of 64KB, described computer equipment moves the test event of the corresponding read/write fixed disk file of described test instruction successively, described efficiency test system is based on described computer equipment operation written document H, the test event of K obtains respectively the time that upload file H and file K spend, power in the quantity of the packet of file H and file K and respectively upload file H and file K process, the quantity of the packet of the file H based on obtained and file K obtains the mean value of quantity of the test event of a written document of described computer equipment operation again, simultaneously, the time that upload file H based on obtained and file K spend is determined the mean value of the time that the test event of a written document of described computer equipment operation spends, and the ratio of the mean value based on described quantity and described time average obtains the operating rate of the test event of a written document of described computer equipment operation, meanwhile, the power of described efficiency test system during also based on upload file H and file K is obtained the average power of the test event of a written document of described computer equipment operation, the ratio of the average power of described efficiency test system based on obtained and operating rate is determined the Energy Efficiency Ratio P3 of described computer equipment, Energy Efficiency Ratio P4 when in like manner, described efficiency test system obtains described computer equipment and moves successively the test event of reading file M, N, then, the weight of the sequential write mode of described efficiency test system based on default is that the weight of a3, random read mode is the Energy Efficiency Ratio P4=a3*P3+a4*P4 that a4 determines the described disk read-write performance of the described computer equipment of reflection.
It should be noted that, those skilled in the art should understand that, above-mentioned test instruction is only for giving an example, in fact, described computer equipment can move corresponding test event simultaneously and obtains arithmetic speed according to comprising different test instructions, and move in corresponding test event process at described computer equipment simultaneously, the power that utilizes described power measuring once to gather is obtained the Energy Efficiency Ratio of each test event of operation, then, according to the weight of default read/write mode, determine the Energy Efficiency Ratio of the described disk read-write performance of the described computer equipment of reflection.
As another kind of optimal way, make described computer equipment in different loads intensity, described efficiency test system execution step S1, step S2 and step S3.
For example, change the size of the packet of described computer equipment read/write, make described computer equipment move different test events, described efficiency test system obtains the Energy Efficiency Ratio of the disk read-write performance of the described computer equipment of reflection under different loads intensity, can be beneficial to thus user based on the disk read-write performance Energy Efficiency Ratio under different loads intensity to different computer equipments to recently selecting suitable computer equipment.
In sum, the method of testing of reflection computer equipment disk read-write efficiency of the present invention, the ratio of the power when operating rate of test event based on described computer equipment operation read/write fixed disk file and the test event of the described read/write fixed disk file of operation is determined the Energy Efficiency Ratio of the disk read-write performance of described computer equipment, can reflect targetedly the Energy Efficiency Ratio of described computer equipment in disk read-write performance; In addition, first make described computer equipment move the test event of a plurality of read/write fixed disk files, try to achieve the described computer equipment of reflection Energy Efficiency Ratio under different loads intensity in disk read-write performance, the weight of the test event of each the read/write fixed disk file based on default determines that described computer equipment is in the Energy Efficiency Ratio of disk read-write performance again, can determine for the handling characteristics of computer equipment the Energy Efficiency Ratio of computer equipment, can facilitate thus user to select suitable computer equipment, to reach corresponding disk read-write performance requirement.The Energy Efficiency Ratio of computer equipment has reflected whether computer device power is used effectively, so that the utilize situation of staff based on computer device power formulated corresponding energy-saving scheme, simultaneously, contribute to staff to select the performance of each assembly of computer equipment, make the disk read-write performance of whole computer equipment reach optimum, also make staff based on computer equipment the Energy Efficiency Ratio under different loads intensity, select the lower computer equipment of power, to save the energy.So the present invention has effectively overcome various shortcoming of the prior art and tool high industrial utilization.
Above-described embodiment is illustrative principle of the present invention and effect thereof only, but not for limiting the present invention.Any person skilled in the art scholar all can, under spirit of the present invention and category, modify or change above-described embodiment.Therefore, such as in affiliated technical field, have and conventionally know that the knowledgeable, not departing from all equivalence modifications that complete under disclosed spirit and technological thought or changing, must be contained by claim of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. a method of testing that reflects computer equipment disk read-write efficiency, is characterized in that, comprises step:
1) make the test event of computer equipment operation read/write fixed disk file, to obtain the operating rate of the described test event of operation, and obtain the power of described computer equipment in the described test event process of operation;
2) ratio based on described power and described operating rate is determined the Energy Efficiency Ratio of the described computer equipment of reflection in disk read-write performance.
2. the method for testing of reflection computer equipment disk read-write efficiency according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the operating rate of obtaining the test event of computer equipment operation read/write fixed disk file in described step 1) comprises:
Make computer equipment move the test event of described read/write fixed disk file because of the obtained test instruction that comprises read/write fixed disk file mode, and obtain described computer equipment and move the time that described test event spends after operation, and the quantity of the packet of institute's read/write;
Quantity based on described packet obtains with the ratio of the time spending the operating rate that described computer equipment moves described test event.
3. the method for testing of reflection computer equipment disk read-write efficiency according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the operating rate of obtaining the test event of computer equipment operation read/write fixed disk file in described step 1) comprises:
Make the test instruction of computer equipment a plurality of modes that comprise read/write fixed disk file based on obtained under the same density of load move the test event of read/write fixed disk file, and move each time based on described computer equipment the time that described test event spends, obtain the operation mean value of the time that once described test event spends; Quantity based on described test event packet of institute's read/write in operational process each time, obtains the once mean value of the quantity of the packet of described test event institute read/write of operation;
The ratio of the mean value of the mean value of the quantity based on described packet and institute's spended time is obtained the operating rate that described computer equipment moves described test event.
4. according to the method for testing of arbitrary described reflection computer equipment disk read-write efficiency in claims 1 to 3, it is characterized in that, described step 1) comprises:
Add up the power of described computer equipment in repeatedly moving described test event process, to obtain the mean value of described power.
5. the method for testing of reflection computer equipment disk read-write efficiency according to claim 4, it is characterized in that described step 2) comprising: the mean value based on described power and the ratio of described operating rate are determined the Energy Efficiency Ratio of described computer equipment in disk read-write performance.
6. according to the method for testing of the reflection computer equipment disk read-write efficiency described in claim 2 or 3, it is characterized in that, make the corresponding described test event of the test instruction of described computer equipment based on comprising different read/write fixed disk file modes operation, to obtain described computer equipment, move the Energy Efficiency Ratio of test event described in each; Described method also comprises step 3): the weight of each read/write fixed disk file mode of the operation based on default obtains the Energy Efficiency Ratio of the described computer equipment of reflection in disk read-write performance.
7. the method for testing of reflection computer equipment disk read-write efficiency according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, make described computer equipment in different loads intensity, and make described computer equipment under the identical density of load, the corresponding described test event of test instruction based on comprising different read/write fixed disk file modes operation, for execution step 1), step 2) and step 3).
8. the method for testing of reflection computer equipment disk read-write efficiency according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described read/write fixed disk file mode comprises: by file with the mode of the big or small random read/write of packet preset, by file with at least one in the mode of the big or small packet sequence read/write preset.
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