CN103457238A - Method for detecting and protecting direct-current arc of photovoltaic power generation system and circuit - Google Patents
Method for detecting and protecting direct-current arc of photovoltaic power generation system and circuit Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for detecting and protecting a direct-current arc of a photovoltaic power generation system and a circuit, and belongs to the technical field of electronics. The implementation circuit of the method comprises a current detecting and collecting module, a signal amplifying module, a filter module, a voltage threshold comparison module, a CPU module and a system protection and execution module. Current signals are detected and filtered, the current signals are amplified through the signal amplifying module and filtered through the filter module, the current signals are transmitted to the voltage threshold comparison module and the CPU module, and are judged through a preset voltage threshold in the voltage threshold comparison module and sampled and analyzed through the voltages in the CPU module, arc faults are judged, instructions are sent to the system protection and execution module, and therefore the whole system is effectively protected. According to the technical scheme of the method for detecting and protecting the direct-current arc faults, the direct-current arc faults in the photovoltaic power generation system can be effectively detected, protection movement can be carried out timely, system fire disasters can be effectively prevented, and system reliability can be improved.
Description
Technical field
The technical program relates to a kind of arc fault detection and guard method and circuit, belongs to electronic technology field, relates in particular to photovoltaic generating system.
Background technology
Global energy crisis and climate warming etc. make the novel green regenerative resources such as photovoltaic, fuel cell obtain applying more and more widely.In photovoltaic generating system, due to the quality problems of actual installation or photovoltaic module, make photovoltaic module or photovoltaic side direct current cables that electrical fire easily occur.The main cause of breaking out of fire is mainly because the arc discharge fault is caused.Because original photovoltaic protection assembly can not effectively judge arc discharge, can't be detected and error protection arc discharge, therefore very easily cause the property loss of photovoltaic generating system and related facility.Therefore, how realizing arc discharge fault in photovoltaic generating system is effectively detected and realizes protecting timely, is the problem that the art is needed solution badly.
Summary of the invention
The technical program, for the deficiencies in the prior art, provides a kind of direct-current arc fault monitoring and protection method and circuit, is particularly useful for photovoltaic generating system.
The technical program is by the following technical solutions:
A kind of fault monitoring and protection of the direct-current arc for photovoltaic generating system method, step comprises:
1) first the detection photovoltaic module of photovoltaic generating system master loop of power circuit and the current signal between grid-connected power transformation device are sampled;
2) then this sampling is obtained to current signal and convert the sampled voltage signal to; This sampled voltage signal carries out step 3-a simultaneously) and processing 3-b):
3-a) sample voltage value of described sampled voltage signal and predefined threshold voltage compare; If sampled voltage surpasses threshold voltage, think arc fault has occurred, and provide arc fault generation signal (being hardware protection) to the system protection Executive Module of photovoltaic generating system;
3-b) to the line correlation analysis of going forward side by side of sampling of the sampled voltage of sampled voltage signal, in order to judge whether this sampled voltage reaches predefined threshold voltage or condition, if surpassing this threshold voltage or meet, sampled voltage imposes a condition, think arc fault has occurred, photovoltaic generating system is carried out to software protection, provide arc fault generation signal (being software protection) to the system protection Executive Module simultaneously;
4) the arc fault generation signal that described system protection Executive Module receiver voltage threshold values comparison module or CPU module are sent; control command as protection actuator; control is connected on the switching device in main loop of power circuit, thereby realizes the protection to whole photovoltaic generating system.
A kind of circuit of realizing said method, comprise current detecting acquisition module, signal amplification module, filter module, threshold voltage comparison module, CPU module and system protection Executive Module;
The current detecting acquisition module is connected with photovoltaic generating system master loop of power circuit; the output of current detecting acquisition module is connected in the input of signal amplification module; the output of signal amplification module is connected with the input of filter module; the output of filter module is connected with the input of CPU module with the input of threshold voltage comparison module respectively, and the output of the output of threshold voltage comparison module and CPU module is connected with the input of system protection Executive Module respectively.
Described current detecting acquisition module is current sampling circuit, and this circuit comprises by sealing in the sampling inductance L in the photovoltaic cell loop
101, capacitor C
101and capacitor C
102the high pass filter formed; Described capacitor C
101a utmost point and capacitor C
102a utmost point be connected on respectively the sampling inductance L
101two ends; Capacitor C
101another utmost point and capacitor C
102another utmost point respectively as two outputs of the output difference sub-signal of current sampling circuit;
Described signal amplification module is voltage amplifier circuit, the voltage differential amplifier circuit of this circuit for consisting of operational amplifier; Two inputs of operational amplifier are connected respectively two outputs of the output difference sub-signal of current sampling circuit; The output of operational amplifier is as the output of voltage amplifier circuit;
Described threshold voltage comparison module is specially voltage comparator;
Described CPU module consists of digital control chip and peripheral circuit thereof.
Described filter module is low pass, high pass, band is logical or the filter circuit of band resistance type, by the signal leaching of desired frequency band in the output signal of signal amplification circuit out, passes to respectively threshold voltage comparison module and CPU module.
That described voltage comparator is hysteresis voltage comparator.
The technical program principle is described as follows:
The circuit of realizing of described arc fault detection and guard method comprises current detecting and acquisition module, signal amplification module, filter module, threshold voltage comparison module, CPU module and system protection Executive Module etc.Wherein, current detection module is connected with system master loop of power circuit, its output is connected in the input of current sample amplification module, the output of amplifier module is connected with the input of filter module, the output of filter module is connected with the input of threshold voltage comparison module, the input of CPU module respectively, and the output of threshold voltage comparison module and CPU module is connected with the input of system protection Executive Module;
The operation principle of described arc fault detection and guard method for by current signal is detected, filtering and through the signal amplification module amplify, after filtration module filtering; pass to threshold voltage comparison module and CPU module simultaneously; respectively by voltage sample and analysis in predefined threshold voltage judgement and CPU module in the threshold voltage comparison module; the generation of judgement arc fault also sends instruction to the system protection Executive Module, thereby effectively realizes the protection to whole system.
Described current detecting and acquisition module are specially corresponding current sampling circuit, form high pass filter for sampling inductance and electric capacity by sealing in the photovoltaic cell loop in the technical program, current noise signal with leaching when arc fault occurs, and using the difference form output input as the signal amplification module.
Described signal amplification module is specially voltage amplifier circuit, and the voltage differential amplifier circuit for consisting of operational amplifier in the technical program, amplified the current signal collected, its output access filter module.
Described filter module is specially filter circuit, it can be the filter circuit of the types such as low pass, high pass, band lead to, band resistance, by the signal leaching of desired frequency band in the output signal of signal amplification circuit out, pass to respectively threshold voltage comparison module and CPU module.
Described threshold voltage comparison module is specially voltage comparator; it in the technical program, is hysteresis voltage comparator; by predefined threshold voltage; whether the output voltage that judges filter module reaches this threshold voltage; if sampled voltage surpasses this threshold voltage; think arc fault has occurred, and provide arc fault generation signal to the system protection Executive Module.
Described CPU module specifically consists of as DSP and peripheral circuit thereof digital control chip; by the line correlation analysis of going forward side by side of sampling of the output voltage to filter module; in order to judge whether this sampled voltage reaches predefined threshold voltage or condition; if surpassing this threshold voltage or meet, sampled voltage imposes a condition; think arc fault has occurred; system is carried out to software protection, provide arc fault generation signal to the system protection Executive Module simultaneously.
The arc fault generation signal that described system protection Executive Module receiver voltage threshold values comparison module and CPU module are sent; control command as protection actuator; control is connected on switch, relay, solid-state contactor etc. in main loop of power circuit, realizes the protection to whole system.
The technical program has following technique effect:
(1) implementation method is simple, cost is low;
(2) can effectively realize the detection of arc fault;
(3) can when arc fault occurs, effectively realize the protection to system, improve the reliability of system.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing 1 is the theory diagram of the technical program direct-current arc fault monitoring and protection method;
Accompanying drawing 2 is that the technical program current detecting and acquisition module are realized circuit diagram;
Accompanying drawing 3 is that the technical program signal amplification module is realized circuit diagram;
Accompanying drawing 4 is that the technical program filter module is realized circuit diagram;
Accompanying drawing 5 is that the technical program threshold voltage comparison module is realized circuit diagram;
Designation in above accompanying drawing: 101 current detecting and acquisition module, 102 are that signal amplification module, 103 is that filter module, 104 is that threshold voltage comparison module, 105 is that CPU module and 106 is the system protection Executive Module; R
101～R
109for resistance; C
101～C
103for electric capacity; AMP is operational amplifier; COMP is voltage comparator; V
reffor predeterminated voltage; V
cCsupply power voltage for operational amplifier and voltage comparator; V
i+, V
i-for the differential amplifier circuit input voltage; V
ifor the differential amplifier circuit output voltage; V
i-ffor voltage after filtering, V
pfor guard signal voltage.
Embodiment
Technical scheme below in conjunction with accompanying drawing to the technical program is elaborated.
A kind of fault monitoring and protection of the direct-current arc for photovoltaic generating system method, step comprises:
1) first the detection photovoltaic module of photovoltaic generating system master loop of power circuit and the current signal between grid-connected power transformation device are sampled;
2) then this sampling is obtained to current signal and convert the sampled voltage signal to; This sampled voltage signal carries out step 3-a simultaneously) and processing 3-b):
3-a) sample voltage value of described sampled voltage signal and predefined threshold voltage compare; If sampled voltage surpasses threshold voltage, think arc fault has occurred, and provide arc fault generation signal (being hardware protection) to the system protection Executive Module of photovoltaic generating system;
3-b) to the sampled voltage of sampled voltage signal, the sample line correlation analysis of going forward side by side (for example, can be that sampled voltage is carried out to fast Fourier transform, signal decomposition be become to amplitude component and frequency component, and analyzed for the amplitude under different frequency.Due to when arc fault occurs, current harmonic content is abundanter, and frequency range and amplitude variation do not have strict defining, and needs through a large amount of tests and analyzes and could grasp experimental data.Find after consulting pertinent literature, it is generally acknowledged that the frequency range of current signal when arc fault occurs is at 10～100kHz.Certainly, for the ease of understanding and analyzing, can select a certain frequency range is that example describes, specific as follows:
Might as well select 1～20 order harmonic components as research object, obtain amplitude or the containing ratio of each harmonic by fast Fourier transform analysis, suppose in N continuous (it is 10 that N fixes tentatively) in the individual sampling period, when the amplitude ratio of 1～20 order harmonic components normally moves, amplification surpasses the 20%(threshold values, need measured data to determine, otherwise can cause erroneous judgement), think arc fault has occurred.
The technical program mainly is to provide method and the thinking of arc fault detection, concrete numerical value defines and need to determine according to actual test data), in order to judge whether this sampled voltage reaches predefined threshold voltage or condition, if surpassing this threshold voltage or meet, sampled voltage imposes a condition that (condition of setting refers to, harmonic component for different frequency, set different threshold voltages, amplitude amplitude under certain or a plurality of frequency reaches it simultaneously while setting threshold values, can think arc fault has occurred), think arc fault has occurred, photovoltaic generating system is carried out to software protection, provide the protection in arc fault generation signal (being software protection: refer to the DSP in the DSP(CPU module) program to the system protection Executive Module simultaneously, corresponding with above-mentioned hardware protection.When arc fault occurs, can trigger the defence program in DSP, carry out afterwards the operations such as the driving of lockout switch pipe, shutdown in program, realize the protection to system);
4) the arc fault generation signal that described system protection Executive Module receiver voltage threshold values comparison module or CPU module are sent; control command as protection actuator; control is connected on the switching device in main loop of power circuit, thereby realizes the protection to whole photovoltaic generating system.
A kind of circuit of realizing said method, comprise current detecting acquisition module, signal amplification module, filter module, threshold voltage comparison module, CPU module and system protection Executive Module;
The current detecting acquisition module is connected with photovoltaic generating system master loop of power circuit; the output of current detecting acquisition module is connected in the input of signal amplification module; the output of signal amplification module is connected with the input of filter module; the output of filter module is connected with the input of CPU module with the input of threshold voltage comparison module respectively, and the output of the output of threshold voltage comparison module and CPU module is connected with the input of system protection Executive Module respectively.
Described current detecting acquisition module is current sampling circuit, and this circuit comprises by sealing in the sampling inductance L in the photovoltaic cell loop
101, capacitor C
101and capacitor C
102the high pass filter formed; Described capacitor C
101a utmost point and capacitor C
102a utmost point be connected on respectively the sampling inductance L
101two ends; Capacitor C
101another utmost point and capacitor C
102another utmost point respectively as two outputs of the output difference sub-signal of current sampling circuit;
Described signal amplification module is voltage amplifier circuit, the voltage differential amplifier circuit of this circuit for consisting of operational amplifier; Two inputs of operational amplifier are connected respectively two outputs of the output difference sub-signal of current sampling circuit; The output of operational amplifier is as the output of voltage amplifier circuit;
Described threshold voltage comparison module is specially voltage comparator;
Described CPU module consists of digital control chip and peripheral circuit thereof.
(physical circuit of system protection Executive Module is realized: the device such as tandem tap, relay in main circuit is the contact conducting state during normal operation; When arc fault occurs, threshold voltage comparison module and/or CPU module can be sent the error protection signal; This signal is as the control signal of switch or relay etc., and the connection of cutting off circuit realizes the protection of system.）
Described filter module is low pass, high pass, band is logical or the filter circuit of band resistance type, by the signal leaching of desired frequency band in the output signal of signal amplification circuit out, passes to respectively threshold voltage comparison module and CPU module.
That described voltage comparator is hysteresis voltage comparator.
As shown in Figure 1, the circuit of realizing of the described arc fault detection of the technical program and guard method comprises current detecting acquisition module 101, signal amplification module 102, filter module 103, threshold voltage comparison module 104, CPU module 105 and system protection Executive Module 106 etc.Wherein, current detecting is connected with system master loop of power circuit with acquisition module 101, its output is connected in the input of signal amplification module 102, the output of signal amplification module 102 is connected with the input of filter module 103, the output of filter module 103 is connected with the input of threshold voltage comparison module 104, the input of CPU module 105 respectively, and the output of threshold voltage comparison module 104 and CPU module 105 is connected with the input of system protection Executive Module 106;
The operation principle of described arc fault detection and guard method is for being detected by current detecting and 101 pairs of current signals of acquisition module and after signal amplification module 102 amplifications, filter module 103 filtering; pass to threshold voltage comparison module 104 and CPU module 105 simultaneously; respectively by voltage sample and analysis in predefined threshold voltage judgement and CPU module 105 in threshold voltage comparison module 104; the generation of judgement arc fault also sends instruction to system protection Executive Module 106, thereby effectively realizes the protection to whole system.
As shown in Figure 2, described current sample module 101 is specially corresponding sample circuit, in the technical program, embodiment forms high pass filter for sampling inductance and electric capacity by sealing in the photovoltaic cell loop, current noise signal with leaching when arc fault occurs, and using the input of difference form as current sample amplification module 102.
As shown in Figure 3, described current sample amplification module 102 is specially voltage amplifier circuit, in the technical program, the voltage differential amplifier circuit of embodiment for consisting of operational amplifier, amplified the current signal collected, its output access filter module 103.
As shown in Figure 4, described filter module 103 is specially filter circuit, it can be the filter circuit of the types such as low pass, high pass, band lead to, band resistance, Fig. 4 provides the implementation of RC low pass filter, by the signal leaching of desired frequency band in the output signal of signal amplification circuit out, pass to respectively threshold voltage comparison module 104 and CPU module 105.
As shown in Figure 5; described threshold voltage comparison module 104 is specially voltage comparator; in the technical program, embodiment is hysteresis voltage comparator; by predefined threshold voltage; whether the output voltage that judges filter module reaches this threshold voltage; if sampled voltage surpasses this threshold voltage, think arc fault has occurred, to system protection Executive Module 106, provide arc fault generation signal.
Described CPU module 105 specifically consists of as DSP and peripheral circuit thereof digital control chip; by the line correlation analysis of going forward side by side of sampling of the output voltage to filter module 103; in order to judge whether this sampled voltage reaches predefined threshold voltage; if sampled voltage surpasses this threshold voltage; think arc fault has occurred; system is carried out to software protection, provide arc fault generation signal to system protection Executive Module 106 simultaneously.
The arc fault generation signal that described system protection Executive Module 106 receiver voltage threshold values comparison modules 104 and CPU module 105 are sent; control command as protection actuator; control is connected on switch, relay, solid-state contactor etc. in main loop of power circuit, realizes the protection to system.
Describe the course of work of the technical program arc fault detection and guard method in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 1～5.
When arc fault occurs, can produce larger current noise or spike in the cable loop of photovoltaic cell string, when current peak is larger, can produce spark, cause fire.This current noise is after sample inductance and electric capacity form high pass filter collection, leaching, with difference form input V
i+, V
i-to the voltage differential amplifier circuit; Through the voltage differential amplifier circuit, the current noise signal is changed into to the voltage signal V that amplitude is larger
i; Pass to again hysteresis voltage comparator circuit and CPU module after filter simultaneously.When the detection voltage of input surpasses default threshold values, hysteresis voltage comparator can produce level upset, the signal V occurred as arc fault
p, export to the system protection Executive Module.In addition, the voltage V of filter output
i-fthrough the peripheral AD sample circuit of CPU, send as DSP, can carry out the correlation analyses such as amplitude judgement or fast Fourier transform, sampled signal is resolved into to fundametal compoment and each higher harmonic components, then under different frequencies, each component is analyzed respectively, when meeting predefined condition, can think arc fault has occurred; After having judged, at first in program, make action and realize software protection, as converter in the blockade system drives signal etc., send arc fault generation signal to the system protection Executive Module simultaneously.The system protection Executive Module is after receiving the arc fault generation signal that threshold voltage comparison module or CPU module send; using this as control command of protecting actuator; control is connected on main loop of power circuit repeat circuit, solid-state contactor etc., realizes the protection to whole system.
Claims (5)
1. the fault monitoring and protection of the direct-current arc for a photovoltaic generating system method is characterized in that:
1) first the detection photovoltaic module of photovoltaic generating system master loop of power circuit and the current signal between grid-connected power transformation device are sampled;
2) then this sampling is obtained to current signal and convert the sampled voltage signal to; This sampled voltage signal carries out step 3-a simultaneously) and processing 3-b):
3-a) sample voltage value of described sampled voltage signal and predefined threshold voltage compare; If sampled voltage surpasses threshold voltage, think arc fault has occurred, and provide arc fault generation signal to the system protection Executive Module of photovoltaic generating system;
3-b) sampled voltage of sampled voltage signal is sampled and analyzed, in order to judge whether this sampled voltage reaches predefined threshold voltage or condition, if surpassing this threshold voltage or meet, sampled voltage imposes a condition, think arc fault has occurred, photovoltaic generating system is carried out to software protection, provide arc fault generation signal to the system protection Executive Module simultaneously;
4) the arc fault generation signal that described system protection Executive Module receiver voltage threshold values comparison module or CPU module are sent; control command as protection actuator; control is connected on the switching device in main loop of power circuit, thereby realizes the protection to whole photovoltaic generating system.
2. a circuit of realizing the described method of claim 1, is characterized in that: comprise current detecting acquisition module, signal amplification module, filter module, threshold voltage comparison module, CPU module and system protection Executive Module;
The current detecting acquisition module is connected with photovoltaic generating system master loop of power circuit; the output of current detecting acquisition module is connected in the input of signal amplification module; the output of signal amplification module is connected with the input of filter module; the output of filter module is connected with the input of CPU module with the input of threshold voltage comparison module respectively, and the output of the output of threshold voltage comparison module and CPU module is connected with the input of system protection Executive Module respectively.
3. circuit according to claim 2, is characterized in that described current detecting acquisition module is current sampling circuit, and this circuit comprises by sealing in the sampling inductance L in the photovoltaic cell loop
101, capacitor C
101and capacitor C
102the high pass filter formed; Described capacitor C
101a utmost point and capacitor C
102a utmost point be connected on respectively the sampling inductance L
101two ends; Capacitor C
101another utmost point and capacitor C
102another utmost point respectively as two outputs of the output difference sub-signal of current sampling circuit;
Described signal amplification module is voltage amplifier circuit, the voltage differential amplifier circuit of this circuit for consisting of operational amplifier; Two inputs of operational amplifier are connected respectively two outputs of the output difference sub-signal of current sampling circuit; The output of operational amplifier is as the output of voltage amplifier circuit;
Described threshold voltage comparison module is specially voltage comparator;
Described CPU module consists of digital control chip and peripheral circuit thereof.
4. circuit according to claim 2, it is characterized in that described filter module is low pass, high pass, band is logical or the filter circuit of band resistance type, by the signal leaching of desired frequency band in the output signal of signal amplification circuit out, pass to respectively threshold voltage comparison module and CPU module.
5. circuit according to claim 2, is characterized in that described voltage comparator is hysteresis voltage comparator.
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