CN103457029A - Dual-band antenna - Google Patents
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- CN103457029A CN103457029A CN2013103980990A CN201310398099A CN103457029A CN 103457029 A CN103457029 A CN 103457029A CN 2013103980990 A CN2013103980990 A CN 2013103980990A CN 201310398099 A CN201310398099 A CN 201310398099A CN 103457029 A CN103457029 A CN 103457029A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a dual-band antenna. The dual-band antenna is of a stacked structure and sequentially comprises a first patch antenna device, a first dielectric layer, a second patch antenna device, a second dielectric layer and a ground plane element from top to bottom, wherein the first patch antenna device is used for receiving and sending signals in a first frequency band, and the second patch antenna device is used for receiving and sending signals in a second frequency band; frequency of the first frequency band is larger than that of the second frequency band, and the dielectric constant of a dielectric material of the first dielectric layer is greater than that of a dielectric material of the second dielectric layer. According to the dual-band antenna, stacked layer media of the dual-band antenna can be thinned, cost is lowered, the size of the dual-band antenna is reduced, meanwhile, the coupling degree of two patches is reduced, and a good gain mode and polarization characteristics can be obtained.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to antenna, relate in particular to a kind of dual-band antenna.
Background technology
Navigation is the process of guiding carrier by a tramp-liner navigation, and its realization depends on certain equipment or system, and the equipment that can complete this guiding function just is called navigator or system.As the antenna of critical component in satellite navigation and location system, be the door of aerial electromagnetic wave turnover communication equipment, directly have influence on the performance of whole system.Therefore, the research for antenna in satellite navigation and location system just seems very necessary and meaningful.
Existing navigation system GNSS(GLONASS (Global Navigation Satellite System) (Global Navigation Satellite System), comprise GPS, the systems such as Glonass, the GNSS signal is at two frequency band L1 HeL2 centers, and antenna must cover these two frequency bands (RTK(Real-time kinematic) real time dynamic differential method to obtain) performance.Although GPS, than the Russian GLONASS system, is arranged in the lower frequency of two frequency bands, these two kinds of systems all need that light weight, low profile, manufacture are simple, easy conformal two-band/circular polarization thin type antenna.
Dual-frequency Patch Antennas refers to the paster antenna with two resonance frequencys, and it has some superiority of paster antenna itself, as little as volume, lightweight, section is low etc.But due to the feeding network of Dual-frequency Patch Antennas more complicated comparatively speaking, thereby few people note this class antenna for a long time.Along with the develop rapidly of modern communications, Dual-frequency Patch Antennas has caused more and more keen interest of people.Except the advantage on weight, space and expense, Dual-frequency Patch Antennas can also guarantee separation and the coupling receiving/post a letter.
The typical method that builds Dual-frequency Patch Antennas is to use the stacked patch built by pottery (dielectric constant is about 10).This has produced good compact solution, but due to high-k, smaller bandwidth, and they can not provide the good receiving feature for GPS and GLONASS, unless pottery is very thick.This has increased cost and has brought the problem of the coupling between two pasters, and this makes and be difficult to obtain correct gain mode and polarization characteristic.Another problem is to use single feed point on two pasters, impact with the feed point that reduces the upper strata paster on lower floor's paster, this depends on the differing of double resonance paster and this double resonance is accurate 90 degree at the centre frequency place, has also limited the bandwidth of antenna can be with correct polarization work the time.
Summary of the invention
Provide hereinafter about brief overview of the present invention, in order to the basic comprehension about some aspect of the present invention is provided.Should be appreciated that this general introduction is not about exhaustive general introduction of the present invention.It is not that intention is determined key of the present invention or pith, and nor is it intended to limit the scope of the present invention.Its purpose is only that the form of simplifying provides some concept, usings this as the preorder in greater detail of discussing after a while.
For the problems referred to above, the present invention proposes a kind of dual-band antenna, in order to reduce costs, improves performance.
Described dual-band antenna adopts stepped construction, and each layer comprises successively from top to bottom: for the first patch antenna device of the signal of receiving and dispatching the first frequency band, the first dielectric layer, for the second patch antenna device, the second dielectric layer and the ground plane components of the signal of receiving and dispatching the second frequency band;
The frequency of the first frequency band is greater than the frequency of the second frequency band, and the dielectric constant of the dielectric material of described the first dielectric layer is greater than the dielectric constant of the dielectric material of described the second dielectric layer
Dual-band antenna of the present invention adopts the dielectric material of different size, can make the attenuation of aerial stack medium, reduced cost, reduced antenna volume, reduced the degree of coupling between two pasters simultaneously, can obtain good gain mode and polarization characteristic, so this antenna all have excellent polarization and signal receiving feature for GPS and GLONASS.
The accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will the accompanying drawing of required use in embodiment or description of the Prior Art be briefly described, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is only some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skills, under the prerequisite of not paying creative work, can also obtain according to these accompanying drawings other accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 a and Fig. 1 b are respectively the tangent plane schematic diagram of a kind of embodiment of dual-band antenna of the present invention, and wherein Fig. 1 a shows the feedback pin of two the first patch antenna devices, and Fig. 1 b shows the feedback pin of two the second patch antenna devices.
The vertical view that Fig. 2 a is dual-band antenna shown in Fig. 1 a, Fig. 1 b.The first patch antenna device and the second patch antenna device are all square.
Fig. 2 b is the vertical view after dual-band antenna shown in Fig. 1 b is removed the first patch antenna device and first medium layer.The first patch antenna device and the second patch antenna device are all square.
Fig. 2 c is the vertical view after the another kind of dual-band antenna of the present invention is removed the first patch antenna device and first medium layer.With the difference of dual-band antenna shown in Fig. 2 b, be, the first patch antenna device is square, and the second patch antenna device is circular.
Fig. 2 d is in a kind of four feed point embodiment of dual-band antenna of the present invention, removes the vertical view after the first patch antenna device and first medium layer.Wherein the first patch antenna device and the second patch antenna device are all square.
Fig. 2 e, 2f are in the another two kind of four feed point embodiment of dual-band antenna of the present invention, remove the vertical view after the first patch antenna device and first medium layer.The first patch antenna device is square, and the second patch antenna device is circular.
Polarization analogous diagram when the dual-band antenna that Fig. 3 is prior art adopts single feed point.
Polarization analogous diagram when Fig. 4 is dual-band antenna employing double feed point of the present invention.
Embodiment
For the purpose, technical scheme and the advantage that make the embodiment of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, obviously, described embodiment is the present invention's part embodiment, rather than whole embodiment.The element of describing in an accompanying drawing of the present invention or a kind of execution mode and feature can combine with element and feature shown in one or more other accompanying drawing or execution mode.It should be noted that for purposes of clarity, omitted expression and the description of unrelated to the invention, parts known to persons of ordinary skill in the art and processing in accompanying drawing and explanation.Embodiment based in the present invention, the every other embodiment that those of ordinary skills obtain under the prerequisite of not paying creative work, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
As shown in Fig. 1 a, 1b, it is respectively the tangent plane schematic diagram of a kind of embodiment of dual-band antenna of the present invention, the present embodiment comprises upper strata antenna 1, lower floor's antenna 2 and ground plane components 4, upper strata antenna 1 comprises the first patch antenna device 11 and the first dielectric layer 12, and wherein the first patch antenna device 11 is configured to receive and dispatch the signal in the first frequency band.Lower floor's antenna 2 comprises the second patch antenna device 21 and the second dielectric layer 22, and wherein the second patch antenna device 21 is configured to receive and dispatch the signal in the second frequency band.The frequency of the first frequency band is greater than the frequency of the second frequency band.This dual-band antenna adopts stepped construction, and each layer is followed successively by the first patch antenna device from top to bottom, the first dielectric layer, the second patch antenna device, the second dielectric layer and ground plane components.
In this embodiment, the dielectric constant of the first dielectric layer 12 dielectric materials is greater than the dielectric constant of the second dielectric layer 22 dielectric materials.Paster for the lower frequency under the paster that is positioned at upper frequency is used lower dielectric constant, this lower dielectric constant is between 1-5, be preferably 3, generally, wavelength is proportional to the subduplicate inverse of dielectric constant, and the thickness of patch antenna device is generally wavelength half.Because the frequency of lower floor's antenna 2 is lower, the second dielectric layer 22 must be larger than the first dielectric layer 12 sizes, so that it can be used as the suitable ground level of upper strata antenna 1 of the upper frequency on top.The first dielectric layer 12 of the upper strata antenna 1 of upper frequency has high dielectric constant, and this higher dielectric constant, between 7-18, is preferably 10, so it is less than the second dielectric layer 22, and less for the impact of the resonance of the low structure of lower frequency.Correspondingly, the size of the first patch antenna device 11 is less than the size of the second patch antenna device 21, and wherein the size of the first paster is about 25mm to 40mm, and the size of the second paster is about 60mm to 80mm.
When the radiator plane at antenna and and ground plate between after filled media, medium increases " constraint " of field, the surface wave impact increases, frequency band narrows down.And not during filled media, be air entirely below flat board, electric wave is easy to radiation, has reduced the impact of surface wave, and the stored energy ratio of antenna has the situation of medium to reduce a lot, the antenna band spread.
In this embodiment, the thickness of upper strata antenna 1 is about 7mm, and the thickness of lower floor's antenna 2 is about 4mm, and these sizes can change with the requirement of signal bandwidth.
Generally, in paster antenna, baseplate material is thicker, and bandwidth is wider, but volume is also larger, and cost also can increase.Dual-band antenna of the present invention, according to the characteristics of two kinds of frequency signals, is selected different dielectric materials, when keeping antenna thinner, has expanded the beamwidth of antenna.
In this embodiment, preferably the dielectric material of the first dielectric layer is pottery, and the dielectric material of the first dielectric layer also can be a kind of in sapphire, silicon materials or glass.Preferably the dielectric material of the second dielectric layer is polytetrafluoroethylene, and the dielectric material of the second dielectric layer also can be air or foamed plastics.
General dual-band antenna adopts the single-point feedback mode, and distributing point is positioned on the central shaft of paster, has so just encouraged two degeneracy orthogonal modes, thereby realizes polarization.And the ratio of controlling two orthogonal modes is to guarantee the low axial ratio in operating frequency place, it is the key that realizes better polarization performance.In Practical Project, due to the restriction of design condition, or due to such as the dielectric-slab unstable properties, the mismachining tolerance that the objective factors such as the tolerance of patch size cause, it is not best likely making acquired results, also needs further to carry out tuning.Further embodiment of the present invention is improved the single-point feedback mode, thus convenient polarization.
The vertical view of dual-band antenna shown in Fig. 2 a presentation graphs 1a, 1b, Fig. 2 b is the vertical view after dual-band antenna shown in Fig. 1 b is removed the first patch antenna device 11 and first medium layer 12.As shown in Fig. 1 a, 1b, 2a, 2b, form two the first feed point 14 on the first patch antenna device 11, these two the first feed point 14 take on the circumference that the first patch antenna device 11 center 7 is the center of circle.Form two the second feed point 24 on the second patch antenna device 21, these two the second feed point 24 take on the circumference that the second patch antenna device 21 center 8 is the center of circle.
Take the first patch antenna device 11 centers 7 is summit, and the angle between two the first feed point 14 is 90 degree, and take the second patch antenna device 21 centers 8 is summit, and the angle between two the second feed point 24 is 90 degree.
The position relationship of each first feed point 14 and the second feed point 24 is set by the way, make two the first feed point 14 or 24 of the second feed point on same axle support a kind of polarization, effect to the another kind polarization is cancelled out each other, thereby has greatly improved the isolation performance between input.This allows to use mixer/separator to make the phase place of two resonance of paster be forced to accurate 90 degree.By doing like this rather than depend on single feed point, and the resonance depended on separately creates phase deviation, on wider bandwidth, kept polarization, and the great advantage of this structure is that isolation is high.
Further, as shown in Figure 2 b, two the first feed point 14 and two the second feed point 24 lay respectively at the relative both sides at the first patch antenna device 11 center 7 or the second patch antenna device 21 center 8 in the horizontal direction,, line between two the first feed point 14 is parallel in the horizontal direction with the line between two the second feed point 24, and the line between the line between the center of these two lines and the first patch antenna device 11 center 7 and the second patch antenna device 21 center 8 intersects.In this way, can make the margin maximization between the first feed point and the second feed point, interact between upper strata paster and lower floor's paster avoiding.
Particularly, dual-band antenna of the present invention also comprises two first feedback pins 13 and two second feedback pins 23, the feedback pin that the first feedback pin 13 is the first patch antenna device 11, the feedback pin that the second feedback pin 23 is the second patch antenna device 21, the first feedback pin 13 and second is presented all being connected with ground plane components 4 of pin 23.Two first feedback pins 13 are through the first dielectric layer 12 and the second dielectric layer 22, and be electrically connected to the first patch antenna device 11, the corresponding electric connection point that forms 14, two first feedback pins 13 of these two the first feed point and the first patch antenna device 11 specifically forms these two the first feed point 14.Two second feedback pins 23 pass the second dielectric layer 22 and are electrically connected to the second patch antenna device 21, the corresponding electric connection point that forms 24, two second feedback pins 23 of above-mentioned two the second feed point and the second patch antenna device 21 specifically forms these two the second feed point 24.
Because two the first feed point and two the second feed point must be through the pasters of lower floor, for fear of the impact on lower floor's paster, two the first feed point approach center very much, two the second feed point also approach center very much, this is because the center of 1/2nd wavelength pasters is high electric current, low-voltage position (Low ESR), so significantly short circuit can not affect it yet.Therefore, by the first feed point and the second feed point are approached to the center setting, can make the lower resonance paster of design more easily and reduce the tolerance dependence.
In the embodiment of above-mentioned two feed point, each first feed point 14 is about the first patch antenna device edge to 20% to 40% of the distance at the first patch antenna device center 7 from the distance at the first patch antenna device center 7.Each second feed point 24 is about the second patch antenna device edge to 20% to 40% of the distance at the second patch antenna device center 8 from the distance at the second patch antenna device center 8.
Fig. 2 c is the vertical view after a kind of dual-band antenna of the present invention is removed the first patch antenna device and first medium layer, it is the another kind of two feed point embodiment of dual-band antenna of the present invention, with the difference of dual-band antenna shown in Fig. 2 b, be, the first patch antenna device is square, and the second patch antenna device is circular.
Fig. 2 d is in a kind of four feed point embodiment of dual-band antenna of the present invention, removes the vertical view after the first patch antenna device and first medium layer, and in this embodiment, the first patch antenna device and the second patch antenna device are all square.Wherein show four the second feed point 24 and four first feedback pins 13.As shown in Figure 2 d, four the first feed point take on the circumference that the first patch antenna device 11 centers 7 are the center of circle, these four the second feed point 24 take on the circumference that the second patch antenna device 21 centers 8 are the center of circle, and, take the first patch antenna device center 7 is summit, angle between every two the first feed point is 90 degree, and take the second patch antenna device 21 centers 8 is summit, and the angle between every two the second feed point is 90 degree.Each first feed point and the alignment of the second feed point arrange, and every two the first relative feed point second feed point relative with two is in the horizontal direction in same straight line.
Each first feed point is about the first patch antenna device edge to 20% to 40% of the distance at the first patch antenna device center from the distance at the first patch antenna device center.Each second feed point is about the second patch antenna device edge to 20% to 40% of the distance at the second patch antenna device center from the distance at the second patch antenna device center.
Fig. 2 e is in the another kind of four feed point embodiment of dual-band antenna of the present invention, removes the vertical view after the first patch antenna device and first medium layer.With the difference of dual-band antenna shown in Fig. 2 d, be, the first patch antenna device is square, and the second patch antenna device is circular.
Fig. 2 f is in the another kind of four feed point embodiment of dual-band antenna of the present invention, removes the vertical view after the first patch antenna device and first medium layer.With the difference of dual-band antenna shown in Fig. 2 e, be, each first feed point and the second feed point are spaced, and the distance between each first feed point and adjacent two the second feed point equates.
Four the first feed point and four the second feed point are set by the way, there is better symmetry, and can suppress better left-hand circular polarization (Left Hand circular polarization rejection).
Fig. 3 is the polarization analogous diagram of dual-band antenna while adopting single feed point.Polarization analogous diagram when Fig. 4 is dual-band antenna employing double feed point.As seen from Figure 3, two resonance frequencys are separated from each other, and a polarization frequency is only arranged near 1.585GZ.And, for double feed point in Fig. 4, although gain is slightly variant, two resonance frequencys are mutually basically identical, guaranteed the polarization in very wide frequency range.Visible, the existing good isolation of double feed point paster antenna of the present invention, have again wider frequency band.Ordinate in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 means yield value, and abscissa means frequency values.
Dual-band antenna of the present invention adopts stepped construction, and the different dielectric layer adopts the dielectric material of differing dielectric constant, the size of the first patch antenna device is less than the size of the second patch antenna device, can make the attenuation of aerial stack medium, reduced cost, reduced antenna volume, reduced the degree of coupling between two pasters simultaneously, there is isolation effect preferably, wider frequency band is arranged again, can also obtain good gain mode and polarization characteristic, so this antenna all have excellent polarization and signal receiving feature for GPS and GLONASS.
And the present invention arranges the two or four feed point separately for upper strata, lower floor's paster respectively, do not need to carry out frequency division by duplexer for filtering and amplification.
In addition, in dual-band antenna of the present invention, the first frequency band, in the 1575MHz left and right, comprises the first Big Dipper frequency of 1560MHz; The second frequency band, in the 1226MHz left and right, comprises the second Big Dipper frequency of 1260MHz.
In the embodiment such as apparatus and method of the present invention, obviously, each parts or each step reconfigure after can decomposing, combine and/or decomposing.These decomposition and/or reconfigure and should be considered as equivalents of the present invention.Simultaneously, in the above in the description to the specific embodiment of the invention, the feature of describing and/or illustrating for a kind of execution mode can be used in same or similar mode in one or more other execution mode, combined with the feature in other execution mode, or substitute the feature in other execution mode.
Should emphasize, term " comprises/comprises " existence that refers to feature, key element, step or assembly when this paper is used, but does not get rid of the existence of one or more further feature, key element, step or assembly or add.
Finally it should be noted that: described the present invention and advantage thereof in detail although above, be to be understood that in the situation that do not exceed the spirit and scope of the present invention that limited by appended claim and can carry out various changes, alternative and conversion.And scope of the present invention is not limited only to the specific embodiment of the described process of specification, equipment, means, method and step.The one of ordinary skilled in the art will readily appreciate that from disclosure of the present invention, can use according to the present invention and carries out with the essentially identical function of corresponding embodiment described herein or obtain process, equipment, means, method or step result essentially identical with it, that existing and will be developed future.Therefore, appended claim is intended to comprise such process, equipment, means, method or step in their scope.
Claims (15)
1. a dual-band antenna, is characterized in that,
Described dual-band antenna adopts stepped construction, and each layer comprises successively from top to bottom: for the first patch antenna device of the signal of receiving and dispatching the first frequency band, the first dielectric layer, for the second patch antenna device, the second dielectric layer and the ground plane components of the signal of receiving and dispatching the second frequency band;
The frequency of the first frequency band is greater than the frequency of the second frequency band, and the dielectric constant of the dielectric material of described the first dielectric layer is greater than the dielectric constant of the dielectric material of described the second dielectric layer.
2. dual-band antenna according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the size of described the first patch antenna device is less than the size of the second patch antenna device.
3. dual-band antenna according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the dielectric material of described the first dielectric layer is a kind of in pottery, sapphire, silicon materials or glass.
4. dual-band antenna according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the dielectric material of described the second dielectric layer is a kind of in polytetrafluoroethylene, air or foamed plastics.
5. dual-band antenna according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the dielectric constant of the first dielectric layer dielectric material is 7-18, and the dielectric constant of the second dielectric layer dielectric material is 1-5.
6. dual-band antenna according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the dielectric constant of the dielectric material that the dielectric constant of the dielectric material of described the first dielectric layer is 10, the second dielectric layers is 3.
7. dual-band antenna according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the first patch antenna device is of a size of 25mm to 40mm, and the second patch antenna device is of a size of 60mm to 80mm.
8. dual-band antenna according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described the second patch antenna device is square or circular.
9. according to the arbitrary described dual-band antenna of claim 1 to 8, it is characterized in that, form two or four the first feed point on described the first patch antenna device, described two or four the first feed point take on the circumference that the center of the first patch antenna device is the center of circle; Form two or four the second feed point on described the second patch antenna device, described two or four the second feed point take on the circumference that the center of the second patch antenna device is the center of circle.
10. dual-band antenna according to claim 9, it is characterized in that, the feedback pin that also comprises two or four the first patch antenna device, the feedback pin of two or four the second patch antenna device, the feedback pin of the first patch antenna device all is connected with the element on ground plane with the feedback pin of the second patch antenna device, the feedback pin of the first patch antenna device passes the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer and is electrically connected to the first patch antenna device, described two or four the first feed point of corresponding formation, the feedback pin of the second patch antenna device passes the second dielectric layer and is electrically connected to the second patch antenna device, described two or four the second feed point of corresponding formation.
11. dual-band antenna according to claim 9, it is characterized in that, when the quantity of the first feed point and the second feed point is respectively two, described two the first feed point and two the second feed point lay respectively at the relative both sides at described the first patch antenna device center or the second patch antenna device center in the horizontal direction.
12. dual-band antenna according to claim 9, it is characterized in that, take the first patch antenna device center is summit, and the angle between every two the first feed point is 90 degree, take the second patch antenna device center is summit, and the angle between every two the second feed point is 90 degree.
13. dual-band antenna according to claim 12, is characterized in that, when the quantity of the first feed point and the second feed point is respectively four, and each first feed point and the second feed point is spaced or alignment arranges; When spaced, the distance between each first feed point and adjacent two the second feed point equates; Alignment is while arranging, and every two the first relative feed point second feed point relative with two is in the horizontal direction in same straight line.
14. dual-band antenna according to claim 9, it is characterized in that, when the quantity of the first feed point and the second feed point is respectively two, each first feed point is about the first patch antenna device edge to 20% to 40% of the distance at the first patch antenna device center from the distance at the first patch antenna device center, and each second feed point is about the second patch antenna device edge to 20% to 40% of the distance at the second patch antenna device center from the distance at the second patch antenna device center.
15. dual-band antenna according to claim 9, it is characterized in that, when the quantity of the first feed point and the second feed point is respectively four, each first feed point is about the first patch antenna device edge to 20% to 40% of the distance at the first patch antenna device center from the distance at the first patch antenna device edge, and each second feed point is about the second patch antenna device edge to 20% to 40% of the distance at the second patch antenna device center from the distance at the second patch antenna device edge.
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