CN103424134A - Optical fiber sensing method allowing simultaneous measurement of multiple parameters - Google Patents
Optical fiber sensing method allowing simultaneous measurement of multiple parameters Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of sensors, particularly to an optical fiber sensing method allowing simultaneous measurement of multiple parameters. The optical fiber sensing method comprises collecting and obtaining one channel observed data through an optical fiber sensor which allows simultaneous action of multiple parameters; obtaining multichannel observed data through a method of delaying certain sampling points; preprocessing the obtained multichannel observed data, wherein the preprocessing comprises centralization and whitening; separating multiple parameters from observed signals by means of a traditional blind signal separation technology; performing corresponding signal processing on the separated multiple parameters to obtain effective information of the parameters. The optical fiber sensing method allowing the simultaneous measurement of the multiple parameters achieves the simultaneous measurement of the multiple parameters of an optical fiber sensing system by utilizing a single channel blind signal separation technology, and is high in accuracy and easy to achieve. Through the application of the optical fiber sensing method allowing the simultaneous measurement of the multiple parameters, the structure of the optical fiber sensing system allowing the simultaneous measurement of the multiple parameters is simplified, and the costs of the optical fiber sensing system allowing the simultaneous measurement of the multiple parameters are reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to sensor technical field, particularly the simultaneously-measured optical fiber sensing method of a kind of many reference amounts.
Background technology
Vibration, temperature, stress etc. are often to need some parameters of measuring in productive life.Under real productive life environment, often a plurality of parameters act on simultaneously, thereby, in order to adapt to real situation, study the simultaneously-measured method of a plurality of parameters and have important practical significance.
Take the SMS optical fiber sensing system as example, at present, at the SMS sensory field of optic fibre, for the simultaneously-measured method of many reference amounts, be based on multistage SMS optical fiber structure more, utilize the spectral characteristics such as wave length shift, the method structure is comparatively complicated, and need to use OSA, cost is higher, is not easy for real acquisition environment.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the prior art problem, the embodiment of the invention discloses the simultaneously-measured optical fiber sensing method of a kind of many reference amounts.The simultaneously-measured optical fiber sensing method of many reference amounts based on the single channel blind signal separation technology of the present invention comprises the following steps:
Step 1) collects a road observation data from a Fibre Optical Sensor acted on by many reference amounts simultaneously;
Step 2) obtain the multichannel observation data by the method that postpones certain sampled point;
Step 3) is carried out pre-service to the multichannel observation signal obtained, and pre-service comprises centralization and albefaction;
Step 4) is utilized traditional blind signal separation technology, isolates a plurality of parameters from observation signal;
Step 5) is done corresponding signal to isolated a plurality of parameters and is processed, and obtains the effective information of parameter.
Described step 2) specifically comprise: delay sampling point, for by the data array collected in the time period, postpones corresponding sampling number.
Described step 3) specifically comprise: it is zero that data center's processing is the average that makes signal.For stochastic variable x (t), its centralization is processed and can be expressed as
E[x (t) wherein] be the mathematical expectation of stochastic variable x (t).In actual signal processing, because the length N of the observation signal obtained by sensor measurement is limited, can replace with the mean value of sample data its mathematical expectation, formula (1) can be rewritten as
After centralization is processed, can reach the purpose of simplifying single channel Blind Signal Separation algorithm.Described whitened signal processing intent is the correlativity of removing between each component, makes between each component of signal after albefaction second-order statistics independent.Right
Carry out linear transformation P, obtain
And R
u=E[u (t) u
T(t)]=I.(3)
R wherein
uFor the covariance matrix of signal u (t) after albefaction, in u (t), each component is uncorrelated mutually.The main method of albefaction has three classes, is respectively principal component analysis (PCA) method, adaptive approach and sane whitening approach.Three kinds of methods are all applicable in the present invention, wherein detailed descriptionthe PCA method only.If
It is mean value signal
Covariance matrix,
It is carried out to Eigenvalues Decomposition, can obtain
From formula (4), we can obtain the albefaction matrix
P=D
(-1/2)FT， (5)
Wherein F is
Feature matrix, D is on diagonal line, to be the diagonal matrix of eigenwert, its diagonal element λ
12, λ
22..., λ
M2For
Eigenwert.Again
By formula (4), (5) are brought in formula (6), can obtain
R
u=(D
-1/2F
T)(FDF
T)(D
-1/2F
T)
T=I。(7)
Described step 4) specifically comprise: described traditional blind signal separation technology its objective is and recover source signal from observation signal, by finding a separation matrix W, by linear transformation
y(t)=Wx(t)， (8)
Wherein, x (t) is the multichannel observation signal, the estimated signal that y (t) is isolated source signal.The traditional blind signal separation technology used in the present invention is the FastICA algorithm, and the FastICA algorithm, based on non-Gauss's maximization principle, is used the theoretical W of searching of fixed-point iteration
TNon-Gauss's maximal value of x, this algorithm employing Newton iterative is carried out batch processing to a large amount of sampled points of observational variable x, usings and maximizes negentropy as objective function, isolates an independent component from observation signal at every turn.The iterative formula of FastICA algorithm is
w
+=E[Xg(w
Tu]-E[g'(w
Tu)]w， (9)
Wherein, u is the mixed signal matrix, and g is nonlinear function, and w is a line in separation matrix W.If be input as albefaction matrix u (t)=[u
1(t), u
2(t) ..., u
m(t)], be output as independent matrix y (t)=[y
1(t), y
2(t) ..., y
m(t)].
FastICA iterative algorithm step based on the negentropy maximum is as follows:
4.1) making m=0, initialization weight vector w (0), choose an initial weight vector at random.
4.2)m=m+1。
4.3) w is adjusted to order
w(m+1)=E[ug(w
T(m)u)]-E[g'(w
T(m)u)]w(m), (11)
Nonlinear function need be chosen in advance.
4.4) normalized,
If algorithm is not restrained, return to 4.3).
4.5) algorithm convergence, obtain an independent component,
Described step 5) specifically comprise: described corresponding signal is processed, and comprises that oscillating component is made to FFT to be processed, and obtains vibration frequency information; The temperature component is done to the Hilbert conversion, obtain temperature information etc.
The present invention has following advantage compared to existing technology: use the single channel blind signal separation technology, realized that the many reference amounts of optical fiber sensing system are measured simultaneously, the method precision is high, and is easy to realize.Use the method to make fibre-optical multiparameter measure the designs simplification of sensor-based system, cost simultaneously.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is process flow diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is SMS fibre-optical sensing device figure.
Vibration and stress mixed signal curve that Fig. 3 obtains while for use SMS fibre-optical sensing device as shown in Figure 2, being used for while measuring vibrations and stress;
Fig. 4 is isolated stress signal curve after using the single channel blind signal separation technology to process the mixed signal shown in Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is isolated vibration signal curve after using the single channel blind signal separation technology to process the mixed signal shown in Fig. 3;
Fig. 6 is for being used FFT the vibration signal shown in Fig. 5 to be processed to the spectrogram obtained;
The Temperature Scaling curve that Fig. 7 is SMS fibre-optical sensing device as shown in Figure 2;
Fig. 8 is used the vibration and the temperature linearity that obtain when the SMS fibre-optical sensing device is for while measuring vibrations and temperature linearity variation as shown in Figure 2 to change Mixing Curve;
Fig. 9 is isolated temperature variation signal curve after using the single channel blind signal separation technology to process the mixed signal in Fig. 8;
Figure 10 is isolated vibration signal curve after using the single channel blind signal separation technology to process the mixed signal in Fig. 8;
Figure 11 obtains temperature variation curve after using the temperature variation signal shown in Hilbert transfer pair Fig. 9 to be processed;
The spectrogram of Figure 12 for obtaining after using FFT to be processed the vibration signal shown in Figure 10;
Figure 13 changes the mixed signal curve naturally for vibration and the temperature of using SMS fibre-optical sensing device as shown in Figure 2 to obtain when measuring vibrations and temperature change naturally simultaneously;
Figure 14 is isolated vibration signal curve after using the single channel blind signal separation technology to process the mixed signal in Figure 13;
Figure 15 is isolated temperature variation signal curve after using the single channel blind signal separation technology to process the mixed signal in Figure 13;
The spectrogram of Figure 16 for obtaining after using FFT to be processed the vibration signal shown in Figure 14;
Figure 17 obtains temperature variation curve after using the temperature variation signal shown in Hilbert transfer pair Figure 15 to be processed.
Embodiment
When considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, by the detailed description with reference to following, can more completely understand better the present invention and easily learn wherein many advantages of following, but accompanying drawing described herein is used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, forms a part of the present invention.
Referring to figs. 1 through Figure 17, embodiments of the invention are described.
For above-mentioned purpose, feature and advantage can be become apparent more, below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is further detailed explanation.
The present invention realizes in the SMS optical fiber sensing system that with the single channel Blind Signal Separation many reference amounts are measured as example simultaneously and are realized.
As shown in Figure 1, the simultaneously-measured optical fiber sensing method of a kind of many reference amounts based on the single channel Blind Signal Separation comprises the following steps:
Step 1) collects a road observation data from a Fibre Optical Sensor acted on by many reference amounts simultaneously;
Step 2) obtain the multichannel observation data by the method that postpones certain sampled point;
Step 3) is carried out pre-service to the multichannel observation signal obtained, and pre-service comprises centralization and albefaction;
Step 4) is utilized traditional blind signal separation technology, isolates a plurality of parameters from observation signal;
Step 5) is done corresponding signal to isolated a plurality of parameters and is processed, and obtains the effective information of parameter.
As shown in Figure 2, the SMS fibre-optical sensing device, comprise laser instrument 201, SMS optical fiber, PIN pipe 207, data collecting card 208 and signal processor 209, described SMS optical fiber is formed by the first single-mode fiber 202, multimode optical fiber 204 and the second single-mode fiber 206 cascades, wherein said multimode optical fiber 204 comprises again the multimode optical fiber 203,204 for acting on respectively different parameters, and a plurality of parameters also can act on same section multimode optical fiber simultaneously herein; Described laser instrument 201 outputs connect the first single-mode fiber 202 of an end of SMS optical fiber, the second single-mode fiber 206 is connected with 207 inputs of PIN pipe, 207 outputs of PIN pipe are connected with data collecting card 208 inputs, data collecting card 208 outputs connect signal processor 209, described signal processor 209 utilizes SMS optical fiber Output optical power to carry intermode relative phase change information, obtains vibration, strain measurements.
As shown in Figures 3 to 6, the groundwork process of experiment is: by sound equipment, play the 10Hz audio frequency, make to be pasted on multimode optical fiber on the sound vibration film with this frequency vibration, while is at other position stress applications of multimode optical fiber, the stress application time is the 6s left and right while starting to measure, and the vibration collected and the mixed signal of stress are as shown in Figure 3.After the single channel blind signal separation technology is processed, obtain stress signal as shown in Figure 4, the vibration signal obtained as shown in Figure 5, carries out FFT to the vibration signal in Fig. 5, and the spectrogram obtained is as shown in Figure 6.Experimental result shows, the method is at the same time when measuring vibrations and stress, and the stress signal action time obtained and observation signal coincide, and the vibration signal frequency is 10.17Hz, and error is 0.17Hz.
As shown in Figure 7, before carrying out temperature survey, need be calibrated the k beta coefficient for thermometric multimode optical fiber in the SMS optical fiber sensing system.Its course of work is as follows: will be placed in uniform temperature water for thermometric multimode optical fiber, and its temperature be reduced along with water temperature is linear, and use thermometer measure water temperature, every 40s to read and the recording thermometer reading.Carry out 6 groups of scaling experiments, as shown in Figure 7, the matched curve obtained is the calibration curve obtained
R
2=0.9941, calibration coefficient is k β=2.546.
As shown in Figure 8, the groundwork process of experiment is: will be placed in for the multimode optical fiber of temperature sensing the warm water of 70 ℃, fiber optic temperature is along with water temperature descends gradually, and after 600s, water temperature drops to 55 ℃ (thermometer measure values); Use sound equipment to play the 10Hz audio frequency makes the SMS optical fiber vibration sensing portion shown in accompanying drawing 2 with this frequency vibration simultaneously.
As shown in Fig. 9 to Figure 12, Fig. 9 and Figure 10 are respectively the mixed signal in Fig. 8 are carried out to the temperature variation signal and the vibration signal that obtain after the single channel Blind Signal Separation.Figure 11 and Figure 12 are respectively Fig. 9 and Figure 10 are carried out to the temperature variation curve and the rumble spectrum figure that obtain after Hilbert conversion and FFT.Experimental result shows, the method is when measuring vibrations and temperature linearity change at the same time, and recording temperature variation is 14.70 ℃, with reading 15 ℃ of temperature variation, differs 0.3 ℃, and error is 2%; Recording vibration frequency is 10.17Hz, with the vibration source vibration frequency, differs only 0.17Hz.
As shown in figure 13, the groundwork process of experiment is: will be placed in tank for the multimode optical fiber of temperature sensing, the warm water that a small amount of temperature is 19.5 ℃ is now arranged in tank, by pour fast hot water in tank, make fiber optic temperature naturally increase, final water temperature arrives 50 ℃.Carrying out the thermometric while, using sound equipment to play the audio frequency of 30Hz, making vibrating sensing optical fiber with this frequency vibration.
As shown in Figure 14 to Figure 17, in the detachment process of vibration and natural intensification signal, at first get the data of 0-50s and carry out the single channel blind signal processing, by isolated vibration signal as shown in figure 14, carry out the FFT processing, the rumble spectrum figure obtained, as shown in figure 16.Recording vibration frequency is 30.48Hz, with the vibration source vibration frequency, differs only 0.48Hz.Get isolated natural intensification signal temperature action part, the 6-24s data, obtain the curve shown in Figure 15 after processing after filtering, then carry out the Hilbert conversion, obtains temperature changing curve diagram 17.Recording temperature variation is 28.13 ℃, with reading temperature variation, differs 0.87 ℃, and error is 3.00%.
Although more than described the specific embodiment of the present invention, but those skilled in the art is to be understood that, these embodiments only illustrate, those skilled in the art in the situation that do not break away from principle of the present invention and essence, can carry out various omissions, replacement and change to the details of said method and system.For example, merge the said method step, thereby the identical identical function of method execution essence belongs to scope of the present invention to realize the result that essence is identical according to essence.Therefore, scope of the present invention is only limited by appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. the simultaneously-measured optical fiber sensing method of many reference amounts is characterized in that comprising following steps:
Step 1) collects a road observation data from a Fibre Optical Sensor acted on by many reference amounts simultaneously;
Step 2) obtain the multichannel observation data by the delay sampling point;
Step 3) is carried out pre-service to the multichannel observation signal obtained, and pre-service comprises centralization and albefaction;
Step 4) is utilized traditional blind signal separation technology, isolates a plurality of parameters from observation signal;
Step 5) is done corresponding signal to isolated a plurality of parameters and is processed, and obtains the effective information of parameter.
2. the simultaneously-measured optical fiber sensing method of a kind of many reference amounts according to claim 1, is characterized in that described step 2) specifically comprise: delay sampling point, for by the data array collected in the time period, postpones corresponding sampling number.
3. the simultaneously-measured optical fiber sensing method of a kind of many reference amounts according to claim 1, is characterized in that described step 3) specifically comprise: it is zero that data center's processing is the average that makes signal; For stochastic variable x (t), its centralization is processed and can be expressed as
E[x (t) wherein] be the mathematical expectation of stochastic variable x (t).In actual signal processing, because the length N of the observation signal obtained by sensor measurement is limited, can replace with the mean value of sample data its mathematical expectation, formula (1) can be rewritten as
After centralization is processed, can reach the purpose of simplifying single channel Blind Signal Separation algorithm.Described whitened signal processing intent is the correlativity of removing between each component, makes between each component of signal after albefaction second-order statistics independent; Right
Carry out linear transformation P, obtain
R wherein
uFor the covariance matrix of signal u (t) after albefaction, in u (t), each component is uncorrelated mutually; The main method of albefaction has three classes, is respectively principal component analysis (PCA) method, adaptive approach and sane whitening approach; Three kinds of methods are all applicable in the present invention, wherein detailed descriptionthe PCA method only; If
It is mean value signal
Covariance matrix,
It is carried out to Eigenvalues Decomposition, can obtain
From formula (4), we can obtain the albefaction matrix
P=D
(-1/2)FT， (5)
Wherein F is
Feature matrix, D is on diagonal line, to be the diagonal matrix of eigenwert, its diagonal element λ
12, λ
22..., λ
M2For
Eigenwert; Again
By formula (4), (5) are brought in formula (6), can obtain
R
u=(D
-1/2F
T)(FDF
T)(D
-1/2F
T)
T=I。(7)。
4. the simultaneously-measured optical fiber sensing method of a kind of many reference amounts according to claim 1, is characterized in that described step 4) specifically comprise:
Traditional blind signal separation technology adopts the FastICA algorithm, usings and maximizes negentropy as objective function, isolates an independent component from observation signal at every turn, and the FastICA iterative algorithm step based on the negentropy maximum is as follows:
4.1) making m=0, initialization weight vector w (0), choose an initial weight vector at random;
4.2)m=m+1；
4.3) w is adjusted to order
w(m+1)=E[ug(w
T(m)u)]-E[g'(w
T(m)u)]w(m), (11)
Nonlinear function need be chosen in advance;
4.4) normalized,
If algorithm is not restrained, return to 4.3).
4.5) algorithm convergence, obtain an independent component,
5. the simultaneously-measured optical fiber sensing method of a kind of many reference amounts according to claim 1, is characterized in that described step 5) specifically comprise: described corresponding signal is processed, and comprises that oscillating component is made to FFT to be processed, and obtains vibration frequency information; The temperature component is done to the Hilbert conversion, obtain temperature information etc.
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