CN103389482A - Digitalized simulator for SQUID (Superconducting QUantum Interference Device) - Google Patents
Digitalized simulator for SQUID (Superconducting QUantum Interference Device) Download PDFInfo
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- CN103389482A CN103389482A CN2012104279791A CN201210427979A CN103389482A CN 103389482 A CN103389482 A CN 103389482A CN 2012104279791 A CN2012104279791 A CN 2012104279791A CN 201210427979 A CN201210427979 A CN 201210427979A CN 103389482 A CN103389482 A CN 103389482A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a digitalized simulator for an SQUID. The digitalized simulator for the SQUID is characterized in that electrical characteristic simulation of the SQUID is achieved at normal temperature through digital circuits of an ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter), a microprocessor and a DAC (Digital-to-Analog Converter); an embedded system architecture is utilized in the simulator, magnetic flux conversion is performed on feedback signals of a reading circuit according to an on-line updating SQUID characteristic parameter library established inside a micro-controller through an analog-digital conversion mode, finally feedback output is performed according to a mathematical model created on the basis of an SQUID-phi characteristic curve, and accordingly hardware-in-loop simulation in a flux locked loop reading circuit of SQUIDs of different characteristics can be achieved on the same platform. The integrated level, the flexibility, the universality and the measurement range of the digitalized simulator for the SQUID are improved greatly, and the testing of the reading circuit of the SQUID can be simplified effectively.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of simulator of superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), especially a kind of by the simulation of digital circuit superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) electrical characteristics, and revise by serial ports the device that the simulator correlation parameter can complete different superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) hardware-in-loop simulations.Belong to the superconductor applications technical field.
Background technology
Superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) (SQUID:Superconducting QUantum Interference Device) is the highest Magnetic Sensor of current known sensitivity, have numerous application in fields such as biological magnetic, geophysics and low-field nuclear magnetic resonances, be mainly used in the detection of atomic low-intensity magnetic field.In the development of low temperature DC SQUID sensing circuit and test process, SQUID itself exists that the preliminary work time is long, experimentation cost is high and output signal is subject to the problems such as electromagnetic interference (EMI), especially the liquid helium of realizing low-temperature superconducting is rare non-renewable resources, serious dependence on import, thus the promotion and application of SQUID greatly affected.
Development superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) simulator is at present a kind of very practical method of its sensing circuit debugging and SQUID system testing that at room temperature can realize without access SQUID device, can analyze the circuit characteristic of SQUID sensing circuit, as magnetic flux Slew Rate, bandwidth, can greatly reduce the dependence to the scarce resource liquid helium, especially at the system development initial stage.Known SQUID simulator all adopts based on signal generator and totalizer but integrated level is low, the mimic channel of very flexible is realized.
" emulation of SQUID sensing circuit and the design of debug circuit thereof " (vol37 that " Rare Metals Materials and engineering " delivered, 2008) a kind of SQUID simulator based on analog devices such as reverser and totalizers is disclosed, introduced the method for according to SQUID sensing circuit mathematical model, carrying out circuit behavior emulation, and circuit is carried out to Module Division, set up the mathematical model of each module, affect the key parameter of circuit performance by simulation analysis, and then instruct the design of SQUID sensing circuit physical circuit to realize, introduced a kind of development of debug circuit simultaneously, can realize the magnetic flux locking-type sensing circuit debugging at normal temperatures based on ac modulation.Although the simulator proposed in this article can be realized the electrical characteristics simulation of superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), needs the external signal generator to coordinate, integrated level is not high; And need to modify to hardware circuit for the SQUID of different qualities, dirigibility is lower.In addition, this simulator only, for the magnetic flux locking-type sensing circuit of ac modulation, is not suitable for direct-reading, and versatility is not high; And can only simulate a Φ by simplified model
0within flux change, range and precision are also inadequate.
And for example, a kind of SQUID simulator that adopts totalizer, absolute value circuit and the triangular wave/mimic channels such as sine wave conversion realization announced in " data acquisition and processing " periodical " utilizing the SQUID signal simulator to measure Slew Rate and the frequency response of superconductive magnetometer " literary composition in the 7th volume in 1992, have advantages of with the open-loop gain of true superconductive magnetometer and equate, but its basic functional principle is similar with " emulation of SQUID sensing circuit and the design of debug circuit thereof ", therefore do not repeat them here.
In sum, not only there are the problems such as the not high and dirigibility of integrated level is lower in existing superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) simulator, also there are the problems such as the not high and range accuracy of versatility is inadequate, greatly affected widespread use and the popularization of superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) at industry, scientific research and medical field.
Summary of the invention
Loaded down with trivial details and need the problems such as external signal generator cooperation in order to overcome the parameter adjustment of existing SQUID simulator, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of by the superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) simulator of digital circuit, revise described simulator correlation parameter by serial ports and just can complete the hardware-in-loop simulation of different superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), this installs, and not only integrated level and dirigibility are high, and just can in Flux modulation formula and two kinds of different flux locked loop sensing circuits of direct-reading, the V-Ф characteristic in strict accordance with SQUID realize a plurality of Φ by software
0the simulation of flux change.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: the V-Ф characteristic of SQUID is non-linear, the cycle (cycle is a fluxon Ф
0), change in voltage only has tens uV, need to adopt based on flux locked loop FLL(Flux-Locked Loop) sensing circuit realize linearity, the conversion of high-precision magnetic flux voltage.The flux locked loop sensing circuit has two kinds of Flux modulation formula and direct-reading, and its difference is that the Flux modulation formula has increased modulation-demodulation circuit on direct reading basis and for the transformer of noise matching.The present invention is mainly for the direct-reading sensing circuit, but applicable equally for the Flux modulation formula, just after the feedback signal of simulator Flux modulation in gathering FLL, need to carry out demodulation, then needed output signal is modulated before the output of the V-Ф characteristic according to SQUID.
Described flux locked loop mainly consists of SQUID, front-end amplifier, bias regulator, analogue integrator, feedback resistance and tickler, wherein SQUID is connected to front-end amplifier by cryocable, then be connected in series successively bias regulator, analogue integrator and feedback resistance by front-end amplifier output, finally feedback resistance be connected with the tickler of SQUID.
The SQUID digital simulator that the present invention proposes adopts embedded system structure, mainly by analog to digital converter (ADC), microprocessor and digital to analog converter (DAC) three parts form, by analog-to-digital mode, but the feedback signal of SQUID sensing circuit is carried out to the magnetic flux conversion according to the SQUID characterisitic parameter storehouse of the inner online updating of setting up of microcontroller, carry out algebraic operation with built-in test magnetic flux signal again, the mathematical model that last basis is set up based on SQUID V-Φ family curve is fed back output, thereby realize the hardware-in-loop simulation of SQUID in the flux locked loop sensing circuit of different qualities at same platform.
ADC in described digitized simulation device and driving circuit thereof complete the digital conversion of flux locked loop outputting analog signal; Microprocessor has also needed three tasks outside the control that realizes ADC, DAC and attached device thereof, one, the signal gathered after SQUID flux locked loop sensing circuit locks is exported, according to the coefficient of mutual inductance of SQUID tickler in circuit and the resistance ratio of feedback resistance, calculate flux locked loop and feed back to the magnetic flux signal in SQUID superconduction loop; They are two years old, the magnetic flux signal that microprocessor is obtained in built-in test magnetic flux signal and task one carries out algebraic operation, and the V-Φ curve model that its result is set up according to the SQUID actual working characteristics or the transport function of approximate SQUID V-Φ curve are obtained corresponding magnitude of voltage; Its three, control the Slew Rate of DAC output signal at the magnetic flux locking initial stage, to realize the purpose of soft start, prevent the flux locked loop circuit because Slew Rate deficiency and losing lock; DAC completes the analog-converted of the digital negative-feedback signal obtained by SQUID V-Φ characteristic curve.In order to obtain better magnetic compensation Signal-to-Noise and to reduce the impact of the direct output signal of DAC on SQUID, can be as required at the output terminal of DAC connect successively a low-pass filter for signal smoothing and a follower for impedance matching.
In this process, by serial ports, download the electrical characteristics simulation that the transport function of revising the coefficient of mutual inductance be solidificated in the SQUID tickler in microprocessor and the V-Φ curve model of setting up according to the SQUID actual working characteristics or approximate SQUID V-Φ characteristic curve can complete dissimilar SQUID; The same feedback resistance resistance be solidificated in microprocessor of revising can complete the electrical characteristics simulation of flux locked loop at different feedback resistances under the prerequisite that need not change side circuit.
In sum, the present invention is directed in superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID:Superconducting QUantumInterference Device) sensing circuit development and test process SQUID self and have that the preliminary work time is long, experimentation cost is high and output signal is subject to the problems such as electromagnetic interference (EMI), described digital simulator, realize the electrical characteristics simulation of SQUID at normal temperatures by digital circuits such as ADC, microprocessor, DAC.Described digital simulator, adopt embedded system structure, by analog-to-digital mode, but the feedback signal of sensing circuit is carried out to the magnetic flux conversion according to the inner online updating SQUID characterisitic parameter storehouse of setting up of microcontroller, carry out algebraic operation with built-in test magnetic flux signal again, the mathematical model that last basis is set up based on SQUID V-Φ family curve is fed back output, thereby realizes the hardware-in-loop simulation of SQUID in the flux locked loop sensing circuit of different qualities in identical platform.The present invention can be when realizing SQUID electrical characteristics digitized simulation, just can realize the SQUID of different qualities and the hardware-in-loop simulation of sensing circuit feedback resistance thereof by the serial ports downloading mode easily without external signal generator, and can accurately simulate a plurality of Φ
0flux change, thereby greatly improved integrated level, dirigibility, versatility and the range of SQUID simulator, effectively simplify development and the test of SQUID sensing circuit.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further described.
Fig. 1 is the flux locked loop sensing circuit.
Fig. 2 is SQUID digitized simulation device schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is SQUID hardware-in-loop simulation schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is SQUID V-Ф family curve.
1.SQUID in figure, 2. front-end amplifier, 3. bias regulator, 4. analogue integrator, 5. flux locked loop working state control switch, 6. flux locked loop feedback resistance, 7.SQUID Feedback coil, 8.ADC, 9. microprocessor, 10.DAC, 11. smoothing filters and follower, 12. computing machines.
Embodiment
For making purpose of the present invention, concrete scheme and advantage more clear, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and, with reference to accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in more detail.
SQUID1 in Fig. 1 flux locked loop sensing circuit is the object that the present invention need to simulate.The device noise of SQUID1 hangs down one than front-end amplifier 2 will give full play to the advantage of SQUID1 in magnetic-field measurement precision and resolution more than the order of magnitude, need to both noises be mated.For the flux locked loop sensing circuit shown in Fig. 1, mainly contain at present two kinds of modes: Flux modulation formula and direct-reading, wherein the Flux modulation formula mainly realizes by increase the transformer that a turn ratio is 25 ~ 30 between SQUID1 and front-end amplifier 2, and direct-reading is that the mode by Noise Cancellation realizes.If Fig. 1 flux locked loop sensing circuit is divided into to the low-temperature superconducting Magnetic Sensor of needs simulations and normal temperature sensing circuit two parts of needs development, the two is distinguished and is that the Flux modulation formula has increased modulation-demodulation circuit on direct reading basis and for the transformer of noise matching so.The present invention describes mainly for the direct-reading sensing circuit, but applicable equally for the Flux modulation formula, just the ADC8 of simulator needs to carry out demodulation in gathering FLL after the feedback signal of Flux modulation, then before the output of the V-Ф characteristic according to SQUID1, needs output signal is modulated.
Flux locked loop sensing circuit as shown in Figure 1 has been used for the measurement of magnetic signal to be measured, it mainly is constructed as follows: the SQUID1 be positioned in the Dewar liquid helium is connected with front-end amplifier 2 by the low temperature cable, wherein SQUID1 has two kinds of mode of operations: current offset and voltage bias, the present invention adopts the voltage bias pattern, it is the sign-changing amplifier of 80～100dB that front-end amplifier 2 is selected gain, there is the DC voltage offset amount in its output meeting because of the electrical specification of SQUID1, therefore the output at front-end amplifier 2 connects the bias regulator 3 based on totalizer, for eliminating this DC voltage offset amount, the output of bias regulator 3 with form the degenerative Key Circuit analogue integrator 4 of PID and be connected, analogue integrator 4 also comprises reset function and SQUID1 is operated in the bypass functionality under the Tune state except can be used to regulate the PID negative feedback by its time constant, the output of analogue integrator 4 is connected with flux locked loop working state control switch 5, and the traditional flux locked loop sensing circuit shown in its control chart 1 is operated in Tune or Lock state.At the Lock state, flux locked loop working state control switch 5 is connected with SQUID Feedback coil 7 by series connection flux locked loop feedback resistance 6, and the magnetic flux feedback signal of flux locked loop is passed to SQUID1 in the mode be coupled.At the Tune state, make analogue integrator 4 in the situation that its amplitude output signal maximum of bypass by the running parameter (parameters such as bias voltage, amplifier gain) of adjusting SQUID1, thereby reach best working point.
As shown in Figure 2, SQUID digitized simulation device mainly is composed in series successively by ADC8, microprocessor 9, DAC10, smoothing filter and follower 11.For function and the concrete annexation that its chief component is described better, the present invention intends first by the SQUID1 by flux locked loop sensing circuit shown in the digital simulator of SQUID shown in Fig. 2 replacement Fig. 1 and attached SQUID Feedback coil 7 thereof, being elaborated, i.e. SQUID hardware-in-loop simulation shown in Fig. 3.
As shown in Figure 3, the flux locked loop feedback resistance 6 in Fig. 1 flux locked loop sensing circuit no longer is connected with SQUID Feedback coil 7, and is connected with ADC8 and driving circuit thereof in Fig. 2 SQUID digital simulator.ADC8 mainly realizes the digital conversion of flux locked loop outputting analog signal, it adopts the mode of single-ended transfer difference to suppress common mode interference, and different input ranges is set to adapt to different testing requirements, here ADC8 select resolution and sampling rate all moderate 16 successively approach type, but in signal bandwidth and Slew Rate hour, can consider to select the high but Delta mono-Sigma type ADC that sampling rate is lower of resolution.
Microprocessor 9(DSP, the processors such as FPGA) universal serial bus or the parallel bus by standards such as SPI is connected with ADC8, and the image data Data that will read from ADC8 by digital communication, according to the coefficient of mutual inductance Mf of SQUID Feedback coil 7 in Fig. 1 flux locked loop sensing circuit and the resistance Rf ratio of flux locked loop feedback resistance 6, calculate flux locked loop and feed back to the magnetic flux signal Phi f in SQUID superconduction loop, Φ f=Data*Mf/Rf wherein, then after by microprocessor, built-in test magnetic flux signal Phi t is sampled according to the sampling rate of ADC8, carry out algebraic operation with the magnetic flux signal Phi f of feedback again, it is Φ r=Φ t – Φ f as a result, the V-Φ curve model of finally setting up according to the SQUID actual working characteristics or the transport function of approximate SQUID V-Φ curve are obtained corresponding output voltage values Ve, wherein the former utilizes the periodicity of SQUID V-Φ curve to set up the parameter model of one-period, then adopt and utilize the mode of look-up table to export fast, then the present invention selects the latter to describe, Fig. 4 is a kind of SQUIDV-Ф family curve that adopts Noise Cancellation direct access mode, is also modal SQUIDV-Ф family curve, and its approximate transfer function is cosine function: Vo=-Acos (2 ∏ * Φ
a/ Φ
0), wherein Vo is output voltage, A is half of signal peak peak value in SQUID V-Ф family curve, Φ
afor input magnetic flux signal, Φ
0it is a fluxon.As can be seen here, in Fig. 3 SQUID hardware-in-loop simulation, by the transport function of approximate SQUIDV-Φ curve, obtain corresponding output voltage values Ve=-Acos (2 ∏ * Φ
r/ Φ
0).
Characteristic parameter for online modification Fig. 2 SQUID digital simulator, microprocessor 9 is connected with computing machine 12 by isolated serial port, therefore can download the electrical characteristics simulation that the load transfer function coefficient of revising the coefficient of mutual inductance Mf that is solidificated in the SQUID tickler 7 in microprocessor 9 and approximate SQUID V-Φ characteristic curve can complete dissimilar SQUID by serial ports, the same resistance Rf that is solidificated in the flux locked loop feedback resistance 6 in microprocessor 9 that revises can complete flux locked loop and simulates in the electrical characteristics of different feedback resistances 6 under the prerequisite that need not change side circuit.
Above-described specific embodiment; purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect are further described; institute is understood that; the foregoing is only specific embodiments of the invention; be not limited to the present invention; within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any modification of making, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the digitized simulation device of a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), is characterized in that realizing at normal temperatures by ADC, microprocessor and DAC digital circuit the electrical characteristics simulation of SQUID; Described simulator, adopt embedded system structure, by analog-to-digital mode, the feedback signal of sensing circuit is carried out to the magnetic flux conversion according to the inner online updating SQUID characterisitic parameter storehouse of setting up of microcontroller, carry out algebraic operation with built-in test magnetic flux signal again, the mathematical model that last basis is set up based on SQUID V-Φ family curve is fed back output, thereby realizes the hardware-in-loop simulation of SQUID in the flux locked loop sensing circuit of different qualities in identical platform.
2. digitized simulation device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the output signal that gathers flux locked loop by ADC, under the condition of input built-in testing magnetic flux signal, by microprocessor, the two is carried out to the relational algebra computing, then the V-Ф family curve according to SQUID carries out the conversion of magnetic flux to voltage, finally, by the voltage after DAC output conversion, complete the simulation of SQUID.
3. digitized simulation device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: revise related Feedback coil mutual inductance coefficient, flux locked loop feedback resistance and the characteristic mathematical model parameter of V-Ф of simulation SQUID by the serial ports downloading mode, realize loading online SQUID to be simulated.
4. digitized simulation device according to claim 1, is characterized in that described SQUID digitized simulation device is in series successively by ADC, microprocessor, DAC and smoothing filter and follower.
5. digitized simulation device according to claim 4, it is characterized in that universal serial bus or parallel bus that microprocessor passes through the SPI standard are connected with ADC, and the image data Data that will read from ADC by digital communication, by the coefficient of mutual inductance Mf of SQUID Feedback coil in the flux locked loop sensing circuit and the resistance Rf ratio of flux locked loop feedback resistance, calculate flux locked loop and feed back to the magnetic flux signal Phi f in SQUID superconduction loop, Φ f=Data*Mf/Rf wherein, then after by microprocessor, built-in test magnetic flux signal Phi t is sampled according to the sampling rate of ADC, carry out algebraic operation with the magnetic flux signal Phi f of feedback again, it is Φ r=Φ t – Φ f as a result, the V-Φ curve model of finally setting up according to the SQUID actual working characteristics or the transport function of approximate SQUID V-Φ curve are obtained corresponding output voltage values Ve, wherein the former utilizes the periodicity of SQUID V-Φ curve to set up the parameter model of one-period, then adopt and utilize the mode of look-up table to export fast.
6. digitized simulation device according to claim 5, the characteristic parameter that it is characterized in that online modification SQUID digital simulator is that microprocessor is connected with computing machine by isolated serial port, by serial ports, downloads the electrical characteristics simulation that the load transfer function coefficient of revising the coefficient of mutual inductance Mf be solidificated in the SQUID tickler in microprocessor and approximate SQUID V-Φ characteristic curve can complete dissimilar SQUID; The same resistance Rf that is solidificated in the flux locked loop feedback resistance in microprocessor that revises can complete the electrical characteristics simulation of flux locked loop at different feedback resistances under the prerequisite that need not change side circuit.
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| CN104698406A (en) * | 2013-12-05 | 2015-06-10 | 中国科学院上海微系统与信息技术研究所 | Offset voltage regulating circuit and superconducting quantum interference sensor which offset voltage regulating circuit is applicable to |
| CN104950268A (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2015-09-30 | 中国科学院上海微系统与信息技术研究所 | Superconducting quantum interference device magnetic sensor |
| CN110850341A (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2020-02-28 | 中国科学院上海微系统与信息技术研究所 | SQUID detection module and SQUID sensor |
| CN111208452A (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2020-05-29 | 中国计量大学 | Direct-reading type reading system for multiferroic magnetic sensor |
| CN114035130A (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2022-02-11 | 苏州卡迪默克医疗器械有限公司 | Method and device for testing field resolution of weak magnetic probe of superconducting magnetometer |
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| CN104698406A (en) * | 2013-12-05 | 2015-06-10 | 中国科学院上海微系统与信息技术研究所 | Offset voltage regulating circuit and superconducting quantum interference sensor which offset voltage regulating circuit is applicable to |
| CN104698406B (en) * | 2013-12-05 | 2018-06-26 | 中国科学院上海微系统与信息技术研究所 | Offset voltage adjusts circuit and the superconductive quantum interference sensor being applicable in |
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| CN111208452A (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2020-05-29 | 中国计量大学 | Direct-reading type reading system for multiferroic magnetic sensor |
| CN110850341A (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2020-02-28 | 中国科学院上海微系统与信息技术研究所 | SQUID detection module and SQUID sensor |
| CN114035130A (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2022-02-11 | 苏州卡迪默克医疗器械有限公司 | Method and device for testing field resolution of weak magnetic probe of superconducting magnetometer |
| CN114035130B (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2024-02-27 | 苏州卡迪默克医疗器械有限公司 | Method and device for testing magnetic field resolution of weak magnetic probe of superconducting magnetometer |
| CN114281315A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-04-05 | 中科南京信息高铁研究院 | Visual software development system and method applied to superconducting computer |
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