CN103344516A - Method for acknowledging rebound value of rebound instrument - Google Patents

Method for acknowledging rebound value of rebound instrument Download PDF

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CN103344516A
CN103344516A CN2013102498661A CN201310249866A CN103344516A CN 103344516 A CN103344516 A CN 103344516A CN 2013102498661 A CN2013102498661 A CN 2013102498661A CN 201310249866 A CN201310249866 A CN 201310249866A CN 103344516 A CN103344516 A CN 103344516A
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elastic
hammer
rebound
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elastic hammer
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曾利民
辛新
曾汉
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Abstract

The invention provides a method for acknowledging a rebound value of a rebound instrument. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) driving a springing hammer through a spring to strike a springing rod, and striking an object to be detected after the springing rod is struck; (2) reading an impact speed Vi, at which the springing hammer strikes the springing rod, through a sensor; (3) reading a rebound speed Vr of the springing hammer after the springing hammer strikes the springing rod through the sensor; (4) dividing the rebound speed Vr by the impact speed Vi to obtain a value which serves as the rebound value of the rebound instrument. By the adoption of the method, the detection accuracy of the rebound instrument can be improved.

Description

The rebound value confirmation method of reisilometer
Technical field
The present invention relates to use in the construction project field method of reisilometer test material, component strength, as detecting concrete, mortar compressive strength; Specifically refer to a kind of rebound value confirmation method of reisilometer.
Background technology
Its principle of work and Shore hardness tester principle were similar by Switzerland slip-stick artist E.Schmidt invention in 1948 for reisilometer, belonged to the dynamic stiffness mensuration.Scleroscope hardness test method 1907 is proposed by U.S. A.F.SHore, and widespread use in metallurgical, mechanical industry is particularly suitable at the scene large-scale metal specimen such as roll, bed piece, large gear are carried out hardness measurement.Ultimate principle is: having definite shape and quality and top is that adamantine impact body freely falls to specimen surface from level altitude (H), measures its height of rebound (h), the Shore hardness indicating value with
Figure BSA00000914235200011
Expression, as D scale scleroscope hardness test K=140, be characterized in: impact body directly clashes into determinand and makes its distortion, can be reduced to the monobasic impact system and calculate in the formula.
Reisilometer is used existing historical as a kind of nondestructive detecting instrument that detects engineering structure or concrete members compressive strength in China.Its principle and above-mentioned Shore hardness test philosophy are similar, drive elastic hammer and measure determinand skin hardness, rebound value by elastic stem bump determinand surface with spring
Figure BSA00000914235200012
Namely make elastic hammer drive pointer demonstrate snap-off-distance X with instantaneous elasticity distortion restoring force and characterize the loss of energy in the elastic hammer impact process with the preceding elastic hammer of collision to the percentage of the distance L of elastic stem, and then infer the concrete crushing strength of building structure or member according to the correlationship between rebound value R and concrete crushing strength.Because reisilometer has simple structure, dependable performance, proofread and correct easily, keep in repair, maintain, and detection technique is easy to grasp, and is easy and simple to handle, measures rapidly, structure and member there are not advantages such as damage, simultaneously the elastic hammer energy does not directly clash into determinand, makes its distortion but by elastic stem the energy of elastic hammer is passed to determinand, can be reduced to the binary impact system.
The method of affirmation rebound value is to draw by the snap-off-distance X that measures elastic hammer respectively and the number percent that collides the distance of preceding elastic hammer and elastic stem in the prior art, namely uses
Figure BSA00000914235200013
Expression, K=100 in the formula.Above-mentioned rebound value confirmation method has the following disadvantages in the actual detected: if the elastic stem quality is M, elastic hammer quality m, elastic hammer are at free state its impact velocity V that moves i, impact the back at free state its rebound velocity V that moves r, spring compressional stiffness k, spring active length L, elastic hammer resilience length X after rebound test process of reisilometer is finished, as shown in Figure 1; Produce vibration, acoustic energy, heat energy and deformation energy consume because elastic hammer 1 is accompanied by when colliding elastic stem 2, thus the kinetic energy work done of elastic hammer 1 equal the work of resistance W of elastic stem 2 injection determinands 3 (as concrete) and elastic hammer 1 collide elastic stem produce vibration consume energy W 1And energy W that friction is consumed takes place between each member of reisilometer 2Sum.The initial potential energy that elastic hammer 1 has is
Figure BSA00000914235200014
The potential energy that resilience has again behind the elastic hammer 1 impact concrete is
Figure BSA00000914235200015
The energy that elastic hammer 1 consumes in the attack process is Collide elastic stem generation vibration, acoustic energy, heat energy and deformation energy consume W if ignore elastic hammer 1 1And generation energy W that friction is consumed between each member of reisilometer 2, then elastic hammer 1 kinetic energy work done equals the work of resistance W of elastic stem penetration concrete, namely
Figure BSA00000914235200021
Before rebound test process can be divided into collision, collision, collision back (resilience) three phases.By the classic collision theory of binary impact system the rebound value of reisilometer in the prior art is determined method analysis below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 1 (reisilometer principle of work synoptic diagram), and its shortcoming is set forth.
(1) the collision last stage
The concrete bouncing back instrument hook unclamps, elastic hammer 1 movement velocity increases gradually by zero, it is that potential energy by elastic tension spring reduces to provide that elastic hammer 1 kinetic energy increases, consider that elastic hammer 1 has friction force to exist in motion process, thereby maximum kinetic energy reduces to some extent than the maximum potential of elastic tension spring, drive the influence of pointer friction force if only consider elastic hammer 1, suppose that elastic hammer 1 drives pointer friction force f in the elastic hammer 1 ballistic motion process 1Constant, according to conservation of energy principle then:
Figure BSA00000914235200022
(2) encounter stage
Owing to be accompanied by during elastic hammer 1 bump elastic stem 2 and produce vibration, acoustic energy, heat energy and deformation energy consume, thus collision system mechanical energy nonconservation, but can think momentum conservation.Because at collision initial equilibrium state elastic hammer 1 initial velocity V i, elastic stem 2 initial velocity are 0, and elastic hammer 1, elastic stem 2 synthetic whole backs collide concrete, thereby can think that elastic hammer 1, elastic stem 2 both speed equate that (establishing elastic stem 2 is subjected to elastic hammer 1 to collide the speed U that the back obtains i), (compression) momentum I=m (V between elastic hammer 1 and the elastic stem 2 i-U i)=MU i, namely elastic stem 2 is subjected to elastic hammer 1 to collide the speed that the back obtains
Figure BSA00000914235200023
Be subjected to the effect of concrete surface pressure-bearing resistance and elastic stem 2 resistances to compression in collision process, elastic hammer 1, elastic stem 2 are done retarded motion, thereby can think and stop the injection campaign at collision last current state elastic hammer 1, elastic stem 2.Suppose to synthesize whole with speed U when elastic hammer 1, elastic stem 2 i Elastic stem 2 movement velocitys are U after the concrete injection r, elastic hammer 1 movement velocity is V r, (recovery) momentum J=m (U between elastic hammer 1 and the elastic stem 2 then i-V r)=M (U r-U i).Suppose simultaneously that elastic hammer 1 and elastic stem 2 form and wholely collide that the collision coefficient of restitution is ε=J/I behind the concrete, namely satisfy
Figure BSA00000914235200024
Again according to principle of conservation of momentum, mV i=mV r+ MU r, then elastic hammer 1, elastic stem 2 synthetic integral body are with speed U i Elastic hammer 1 movement velocity after the concrete injection
Figure BSA00000914235200025
Elastic stem 2 movement velocitys
Figure BSA00000914235200026
Collision finishes the back because elastic stem 2 discharges with the elastic strain energy that concrete elastic compression produces, thereby forms elastic stem 2 and the recoil effect of concrete to elastic hammer 1, namely forms the resilience kinetic energy of elastic hammer 1, elastic stem 2.Suppose that the elastic strain energy that elastic stem 2 and concrete elastic compression produce is converted to elastic hammer 1 and elastic stem 2 kinetic energy efficiency factor ξ, then the resilience kinetic energy of elastic hammer 1, elastic stem 2 is
Figure BSA00000914235200027
Suppose that elastic hammer 1, elastic stem 2 synthetic integral body are with speed U iDegree of depth e after the concrete injection, the maximum pressure-bearing resistance of concrete surface F then can think the work of resistance of elastic stem 2 penetration concretes Be the work of resistance that elastic hammer 1 kinetic energy work done equals elastic stem 2 penetration concretes, namely 1 2 m V i 2 - 1 2 m V r 2 = 1 2 Fe .
(3) the resilience stage
Bump ending phase elastic hammer 1 back rebounds with certain speed.Elastic hammer 1 rebound velocity Vi reduces gradually up to 0, and the potential energy of elastic tension spring increase be by elastic hammer 1 kinetic energy reduce provide, consider that elastic hammer 1 also has friction force to exist in motion process, thereby the maximum potential of elastic tension spring reduces to some extent than elastic hammer 1 (free state) maximum kinetic energy, if the kinetic energy efficiency factor ζ of spring potential energy converting and energy elastic hammer 1 is according to conservation of energy principle
Figure BSA00000914235200033
Drive the influence of pointer friction force if only consider elastic hammer 1, and suppose that further elastic hammer 1 drive pointer friction force is f in the ballistic motion 2Constant, then satisfy: 1 2 m V i 2 = 1 2 k X 2 + f 2 X .
In sum, the reisilometer energy conversion can be expressed as:
Figure BSA00000914235200035
It is the loss of energy in rebound value R reflection elastic hammer 1 impact process, energy loss mainly comprises: 1. concrete is hit and produces the energy that plastic yield absorbs, 2. produce the energy that vibration consumes in impacting, 3. the energy that rubs and consume between each member of reisilometer.Thereby in the actual engineering detecting before the collision elastic hammer 1 to the distance L of elastic stem 2 are the fixed values that configure in advance, the snap-off-distance X of elastic hammer 1 drives a pointer blocks by elastic hammer 1 and moves to be shown to the user along the rule on the reisilometer, thereby can be able to not directly, accurately reflect the change over condition of determinand energy by the measured rebound value in the position of reading pointer piece, its accuracy is not high.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, a kind of rebound value confirmation method of reisilometer of the accuracy of detection that can improve reisilometer is provided.For solving the problems of the technologies described above, technical scheme provided by the invention is:
A kind of rebound value confirmation method of reisilometer, it comprises the steps:
1) drives elastic hammer with spring and clash into elastic stem, collide determinand after elastic stem is clashed into again;
2) with sensor read elastic hammer hit elastic stem the time impact velocity Vi;
3) read the rebound velocity Vr of elastic hammer behind the elastic hammer bump elastic stem again with sensor;
4) value that rebound velocity Vr is drawn divided by impact velocity Vi is as the rebound value of reisilometer.
Driving elastic hammer and colliding determinand by elastic stem with spring described in the step 1) refers to the step identical with the working specification of commercially available conventional reisilometer, namely give spring energy-storage earlier by elastic hammer, trigger spring exoergic hook then, spring drives elastic hammer and elastic stem moves to determinand, and elastic stem and determinand collide the resilience of rear drive elastic hammer.
The impact velocity Vi of described elastic hammer is that elastic stem is at the moment of impacting determinand, the maximum instantaneous velocity of elastic hammer.
The rebound velocity Vr of described elastic hammer is the maximum resilience instantaneous velocity at sensor installation site elastic hammer.
Described sensor is photoelectric sensor or electromagnetic induction coil etc.
After adopting said method, the present invention has following advantage: 1, measure rebound value with tachometric method and replaced traditional measuring rebound value with displacement method, adopt sensor, need not contact elastic hammer, effectively avoid the error that the displacement method rebound value is confirmed to be hit by a bullet and influenced by friction force when elastic hammer drives hand motion in the hammer impacts motion process to produce.2, directly detect instantaneous velocity, effectively avoided rub in the resilience stage and between other members of the reisilometer energy that consumes of elastic hammer and caused snap-off-distance to reduce and the error that produces.The confirmation method of the rebound value of this reisilometer that relates in sum, the i.e. dynamic perfromance that tachometric method can truer reflection determinand.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the principle schematic of the rebound value confirmation method of reisilometer of the prior art.
Fig. 2 is the principle schematic of the rebound value confirmation method of the reisilometer that relates among the present invention.
Shown in the figure: 1, elastic hammer, 2, elastic stem, 3, determinand, 4, guide rod, 5, resiliometer casing, 6, sensor, Vi, impact velocity, Vr, rebound velocity.
Embodiment
Concrete enforcement and theoretical foundation below in conjunction with the rebound value confirmation method of 2 pairs of reisilometers that the present invention relates to of accompanying drawing are described in further detail.
A kind of confirmation method of rebound value of reisilometer, it comprises the steps:
1) drives elastic hammer 1 with spring and clash into elastic stem 2, collide determinand 3 again after elastic stem 2 is clashed into;
2) with sensor 6 survey read elastic hammer 1 hit elastic stem 2 time impact velocity Vi;
3) survey the rebound velocity Vr that reads elastic hammer 1 bump elastic stem 2 back elastic hammers again with sensor 6;
4) value that rebound velocity Vr is drawn divided by impact velocity Vi is as the rebound value of reisilometer.
Driving elastic hammer 1 and colliding determinand 3 by elastic stem 2 with spring described in the step 1) refers to the step identical with the working specification of commercially available conventional reisilometer, namely give spring energy-storage earlier by elastic hammer 1, trigger spring exoergic hook then, spring drives elastic hammer 1 and does ballistic motion by 2 pairs of determinands 3 of elastic stem, and elastic stem 2 drives elastic hammer 1 resilience again with the reflection of determinand 3 energy afterwards.
The impact velocity Vi of described elastic hammer 1 is that elastic stem 2 is at the moment of impacting determinand 3, the maximum instantaneous velocity of elastic hammer 1.
The rebound velocity Vr of described elastic hammer is the maximum instantaneous rebound velocity of elastic hammer.
Described sensor 6 is photoelectric sensor or electromagnetic induction coil etc.
Said method in the specific implementation, the commercially available reisilometer of routine need be reequiped, original pointer blocks is driven syndeton with corresponding pointer blocks to be removed, a sensor 6 is installed between elastic hammer 1 and elastic stem 2 then, specifically can adopt photoelectric sensor, electromagnetism to test the speed or the laser velocimeter device, this class tachogenerator all has ripe commercially available prod, it is purchased to return to be installed between elastic hammer 1 and the elastic stem 2 get final product, described sensor preferably is installed in from the distance of the end face 1mm～3mm of elastic stem 2.Sensor 6 detected instantaneous velocity values can be transferred to computing machine and carry out computing, or carry out manual computing by the display screen demonstration.The method that wherein reads the instantaneous velocity of elastic hammer specifically comprises: method one: survey the maximum impact speed V that reads elastic hammer by photoelectric sensor iWith maximum rebound velocity V r, and with V rDivided by V iThe value that draws is as the rebound value of reisilometer, and direct elastic hammer periphery at existing reisilometer arranges detection part and gets final product.Method two a: inductive coil is installed at distance elastic stem and elastic hammer surface of contact 2mm place, elastic hammer coil in the attack process produces electromagnetic induction, thereby can produce corresponding induced voltage in the inductive coil, because the speed of induced voltage and impact body is proportional, the corresponding induced voltage signal of spot speed Vi that is elastic hammer impact elastic stem is Ei, the corresponding induced voltage signal of the spot speed Vi of elastic hammer resilience is Er, thereby Vi is equal to Ei than Er than Vr, and handling through electronic technology to provide rebound value.
In addition, be that dynamic stiffness is measured (claiming tachometric method again) about rebound value assay method of the present invention, measuring principle and lee ' hardness are similar.Lee ' hardness 1978 is proposed by Switzerland Leeb, with the impact body of regulation shape and quality under the elastic force effect with the direct impact specimen of certain speed surface, lee ' hardness is with the rebound velocity (V of impact body at 1mm place, test coupon surface r) and impact velocity (V i) the numeric representation that calculates of ratio, namely
Figure BSA00000914235200051
Expression, K=1000 in the formula.Its characteristics: impact body directly clashes into determinand and makes its distortion, is the monobasic impact system.And characteristics of the present invention: reisilometer is by percussion mechanism, and display device and pen recorder are formed, and its most critical parts are percussion mechanisms.Elastic hammer does not directly clash into determinand, makes its distortion but by elastic stem the energy of elastic hammer is passed to determinand, thereby analyzes by the binary impact system, and the tachometric method rebound value is used in the rebound velocity (V apart from elastic stem and elastic hammer surface of contact 2mm place r) and impact velocity (V i) ratio represent, namely
Figure BSA00000914235200052
K=100 is got in expression in the formula.Specifically carry out class test by the material category difference.For the ease of Wave dynamics analysis, binary impact system shown in Figure 2 is simplified.Specifically ignore the gravity effect, and make the following assumptions:
1. elastic stem, elastic hammer are prismatic member, and both wave impedance equate;
2. elastic stem is more much longer than elastic hammer, i.e. the elastic stem length L MThan elastic hammer length L mMuch bigger, incident wave propagates into elastic stem and determinand unchangeably;
3. only consider that the first reflection ripple of elastic stem working end in the impact system is to the elastic hammer influence springback;
Reisilometer operating technology parameter and symbol because the determinand mechanical model comprises two stages of loading and unloading, are established the loading stiffness K as shown in Figure 2, unloading rigidity 6K, and then acting force can be expressed as: F = Ke F max - δKe , E is displacement in the formula, F MaxBe maximum displacement e MaxCorresponding acting force.Suppose to wait the elastic hammer of impedance and elastic stem collision generation duration to be
Figure BSA00000914235200054
The rectangle incident wave, according to wave theory, first incident wave will reflect in the working end, and satisfies wave equation:
P + Q = F P - Q Z = de dt
P, Q are respectively incident wave and reflection wave in the formula;
Figure BSA00000914235200062
Wave impedance for elastic stem or elastic hammer.And then etc. wave resistance bump the incident wave P, the reflection wave Q that produce be respectively:
P = 0.5 z V i , 0 < t &le; t m 0 , t > t m
Q = 0.5 z V i ( 1 - 2 exp ( - &xi;t ) ) , 0 < t &le; t m z V i ( 1 - exp ( - 2 r ) ) exp ( - &delta;&xi; ( t - t m ) ) , t > t m
ξ=K/z in the formula,
Figure BSA00000914235200065
So the basis for estimation of resilience is:
Figure BSA00000914235200066
Namely work as impact parameter
Figure BSA00000914235200067
Unloading coefficient δ satisfies
Figure BSA00000914235200068
The time elastic hammer generation resilience and separate with elastic stem.Its conclusion: tachometric method rebound value Z of the present invention is relevant with elastic hammer, elastic hammer and determinand, and its influence is interrelated, namely
Figure BSA00000914235200069
More big, rebound velocity is more little.For a concrete reisilometer, determinand is more soft, and rebound velocity is more little, and determinand is more hard, and rebound velocity is more big.Thereby tachometric method rebound value and determinand dynamic perfromance relation is more clear and definite, more can truly reflect the dynamic perfromance of determinand.
Need to prove that in addition in the accompanying drawing, elastic hammer 1 is that slip cap is combined on the guide rod 4, do not embody in schematic diagram as for structures such as springs, but these conventional components possess during actual the use.
More than the present invention and embodiment thereof are described; this description does not have restricted; if those of ordinary skill in the art is enlightened by it; under the situation that does not break away from the invention aim; without the creationary frame mode similar to this technical scheme and the embodiment of designing, all should belong to protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. the rebound value confirmation method of a reisilometer, it is characterized in that: it comprises the steps:
1) drives elastic hammer (1) with spring and clash into elastic stem (2), collide determinand (3) again after elastic stem (2) is clashed into;
2) with sensor (6) read elastic hammer (1) hit elastic stem (2) time impact velocity Vi;
3) read the rebound velocity Vr that elastic hammer (1) clashes into elastic stem (2) back elastic hammer (1) again with sensor (6);
4) value that rebound velocity Vr is drawn divided by impact velocity Vi is as the rebound value of reisilometer.
2. the rebound value confirmation method of reisilometer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: driving elastic hammer (1) and colliding determinand (3) by elastic stem (2) with spring described in the step 1) refers to identical with the operation of commercially available conventional reisilometer, namely give spring energy-storage earlier by elastic hammer (1), trigger spring exoergic hook then, spring drives elastic hammer (1) and moves to determinand (3) with elastic stem (2), and elastic stem (2) drives elastic hammer (1) resilience after colliding with determinand (3) again.
3. according to the confirmation method of the rebound value of claim 1 and 2 described reisilometers, it is characterized in that: the impact velocity Vi of described elastic hammer (1) is the maximum instantaneous velocity of elastic hammer (1) when impacting elastic stem.
4. the confirmation method of the rebound value of reisilometer according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the maximum instantaneous velocity when the rebound velocity Vr of described elastic hammer (1) is the elastic hammer resilience.
5. the rebound value confirmation method of reisilometer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described sensor (6) is photoelectricity, laser velocimeter sensor or electromagnetic induction coil etc.
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CN105352686A (en) * 2015-12-17 2016-02-24 天朗科技有限公司 Detection device used for detecting air tightness of container online
CN106604884A (en) * 2014-09-11 2017-04-26 三菱电机株式会社 Inspection method and inspection device for resin shock absorber
CN110346229A (en) * 2019-07-29 2019-10-18 宁波运生工贸有限公司 A kind of oil rule hardness detecting instrument
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CN117782786A (en) * 2024-02-26 2024-03-29 福建省计量科学研究院（福建省眼镜质量检验站） Improved Shore hardness machine

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103630458A (en) * 2013-12-12 2014-03-12 曾汉 Rebound value calibration device
CN106604884A (en) * 2014-09-11 2017-04-26 三菱电机株式会社 Inspection method and inspection device for resin shock absorber
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CN105241770A (en) * 2015-10-09 2016-01-13 北京智博联科技股份有限公司 Magnetic inductive type rebound sensor
CN105352686A (en) * 2015-12-17 2016-02-24 天朗科技有限公司 Detection device used for detecting air tightness of container online
CN110346229A (en) * 2019-07-29 2019-10-18 宁波运生工贸有限公司 A kind of oil rule hardness detecting instrument
CN110346229B (en) * 2019-07-29 2024-03-19 宁波运生工贸有限公司 Hardness detector for oil level gauge
CN113670754A (en) * 2021-09-06 2021-11-19 中国化学工程第三建设有限公司 Electromagnetic power concrete quality detection resiliometer device
CN113670754B (en) * 2021-09-06 2023-08-04 中国化学工程第三建设有限公司 Electromagnetic power concrete quality detection resiliometer device
CN117782786A (en) * 2024-02-26 2024-03-29 福建省计量科学研究院（福建省眼镜质量检验站） Improved Shore hardness machine
CN117782786B (en) * 2024-02-26 2024-05-14 福建省计量科学研究院（福建省眼镜质量检验站） Improved Shore hardness machine

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