CN103337916B - Based on the wireless electric energy transmission device of low frequency composite electromagnetic Meta Materials - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of wireless electric energy transmission device based on low frequency composite electromagnetic Meta Materials, comprise low frequency electromagnetic energy emitter, low frequency electromagnetic energy receiver and low frequency electromagnetic Meta Materials array, electromagnetic emission coil place is provided with positive magnetic permeability electromagnetism Meta Materials array or/and negative magnetoconductivity electromagnetism Meta Materials array, the low frequency signal of the 50Hz-200kHz that power signal generator exports is to electromagnetic emission coil, electromagnetic emission coil by positive magnetic permeability electromagnetism Meta Materials array or/and electromagnetic signal is transmitted to electromagnetic energy receiver with the form in magnetic field by the effect of negative magnetoconductivity electromagnetism Meta Materials array.The resonance frequency point that the present invention utilizes is completely different from tradition, conventional magnetic resonance requires that transmitting terminal is identical with receiving terminal frequency, and the subcritical resonance region of compound use of the present invention and overcritical resonance region, radio energy transmission system performance can be made to be highly improved, improve transmission range and efficiency of transmission, reduce operating frequency, control electromagnetic energy direction, avoid electromagnetism to the radiation of human body.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wireless electric energy transmission device, particularly relate to a kind of wireless electric energy transmission device based on low frequency composite electromagnetic Meta Materials.
Background technology
At present, electromagnetism Meta Materials is the one of artificial material, and belong to the non-existent artificial composite material with property of nature, it has very special performance in electromagnetism field.Research shows, uses electromagnetism Meta Materials can focus near field, produces perfect lens, also likely for Magnetic resonance imaging.Dielectric constant
and magnetic permeability
describe two the most basic physical quantitys of medium electromagnetic property, under normal circumstances, material
with
be positive number.By the method for manual construction, people, by embedding the unit of certain structure in traditional dielectric material, can construct the artificial material with electromagnet characteristic that natural medium does not possess, be referred to as electromagnetism Meta Materials (Metamaterials).
The typical construction of electromagnetism Meta Materials has two kinds.1996, J.B.Pendry etc. proposed the structure (Rod) of metal wire cycle arrangement, achieve the equivalent negative dielectric constant of microwave frequency, as shown in Figure 1.1999, the people such as J.B.Pendry also been proposed open-circuit current ring resonator (SRR), achieved equivalent negative magnetic permeability, as shown in Figure 2.
Electromagnetism Meta Materials has near field amplification characteristic, therefore can obtain application in fields such as magnetic resonance wireless power transmission, nulcear magnetic resonance (NMR).Utilize the magnetic field amplification of Switzerland's ring (SwissRoll), the endoscope that the people such as M.C.K.Wiltshire utilize the high magnetic permeability of " nonmagnetic " magnetic Switzerland ring, low loss characteristic constructs a kind of Near-Field Radar Imaging.
Electronics research institute of the Mitsubishi current research of Cambridge University then relates to the application of Meta Materials in wireless power transmission field.The people such as BingnanWang, KoonHooTeo use the magnetic induction amplifier of similar SRR ring structure greatly to strengthen the distance of wireless power transmission, and improve the efficiency of wireless power transmission.This studies and delivers in June, 2011.
In addition, electromagnetism Meta Materials can change electromagnetic direction, realizes electromagnetic perfection and absorbs and reflection.Seminar of Cui iron army of Southeast China University achieves comprehensive electromagnetic wave absorber in microwave section.Research display, can reach 99% in its absorptivity of microwave frequency band, be called as in " electromagnetism black hole ".Therefore, have ample evidence to show, electromagnetism Meta Materials can be applied to wireless power transmission field, and obtains beneficial effect.
Massachusetts Institute Technology is according to " magnetic Field Coupling resonance " principle, and the distance of 2 meters has been lighted the bulb of a 60W, and efficiency of transmission is greater than 40%, operating frequency is 10MHz, and its achievement is published in the online version of " science " magazine in June, 2007.Intel Company is in also illustrating the Wireless power transmission system based on magnetic resonance principle in August, 2008, and in the distance of 0.6 meter, lighted the bulb of a 60W, its efficiency reaches 75%.
Traditional wireless power transmission technology utilizes electromagnetic induction, and this power transmission technology is ripe, but electric power transfer distance is very short, and usually only have several centimetres, efficiency is also extremely low, cannot meet present social demand.This technology is used for mobile phone charging by some enterprises of the U.S. and Japan, and the technical problem that its emphasis solves is that the automatic identification of different mobile phone and voltage adjust automatically, is not suitable for the high-power electric transmission of medium and long distance.
Microwave transmission was once one of developing direction of wireless power transmission: American scientist was once attempted to collect solar energy by satellite, then deliver to ground by microwave and receive, the problem of microwave electric power transfer is, directivity is too strong, energy density is very large, and even without reception electrical equipment, reflector is also at consumed energy.The directivity of laser transmission is stronger, very large to the injury of people, does not also have large-scale promotion application.Although it is distant therefore to utilize microwave or laser technology to carry out electric power transfer, can only straightline propagation, and radiation is very large, can only apply in specific occasion.
According to existing data, present state-of-the-art wireless power transmission technology is based on magnetic resonance principle, and adopt distributed couplings resonator system, operating frequency is higher, likely produces radiation hazradial bundle to human body.And the direction of propagation of uncontrollable energy, focusing and the direction propagation of energy cannot be realized.The application of electromagnetism Meta Materials concentrates on microwave traditionally, and study hotspot concentrates on high frequency, and research method makes the method for use.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of wireless electric energy transmission device based on low frequency composite electromagnetic Meta Materials, the performance of magnetic resonance radio energy transmission system can be improved.
The present invention adopts following technical proposals: a kind of wireless electric energy transmission device based on low frequency composite electromagnetic Meta Materials, comprise low frequency electromagnetic energy emitter, low frequency electromagnetic energy receiver and low frequency electromagnetic Meta Materials array, described low frequency electromagnetic energy emitter comprises power signal generator and electromagnetic emission coil, described electromagnetic emission coil place is provided with positive magnetic permeability electromagnetism Meta Materials array or/and negative magnetoconductivity electromagnetism Meta Materials array, the low frequency signal of 50Hz ~ 200kHz that described power signal generator exports is to electromagnetic emission coil, electromagnetic emission coil by positive magnetic permeability electromagnetism Meta Materials array or/and electromagnetic signal is transmitted to electromagnetic energy receiver with the form in magnetic field by the effect of negative magnetoconductivity electromagnetism Meta Materials array.
Described low frequency electromagnetic Meta Materials array forms array structure by multiple electromagnetism metamaterial unit, described electromagnetism metamaterial unit comprises spiral inductance, low loss capacitance and ferrite column, described spiral inductance winding is around ferrite column, and the two ends of spiral inductance connect low loss capacitance.
Described low frequency electromagnetic Meta Materials array forms array structure by multiple electromagnetism metamaterial unit, and described electromagnetism metamaterial unit comprises spiral inductance, low loss capacitance, and the two ends of described spiral inductance connect low loss capacitance.
The operating frequency of described negative magnetoconductivity electromagnetism Meta Materials array
>
,
it is the tranmitting frequency of power signal generator; The operating frequency of described positive magnetic permeability electromagnetism Meta Materials array
<
.
The surrounding except front side of described electromagnetic emission coil is provided with negative magnetoconductivity electromagnetism Meta Materials array, the front side of described electromagnetic emission coil is provided with positive magnetic permeability electromagnetism Meta Materials array, the rear side of described electromagnetic energy receiver is provided with plus or minus magnetic permeability electromagnetism Meta Materials array, wherein with electromagnetic emission direction for front.
Described electromagnetic energy receiver is electromagnetism receiving coil, and the two ends of electromagnetism receiving coil connect load or connect load after over commutation.
Described ferrite column adopts low-loss Mn-Zn material.
The present invention can work in the composite electromagnetic Meta Materials of low frequency (KHz) by structure, and (magnetic permeability can for just, also can be negative), and by it according to certain arrayed, be applied in low frequency electromagnetic energy emitter (KHz rank) and electromagnetic energy receiver, in subcritical resonance frequency, this array of structures works in positive magnetic permeability resonance condition, can play and guides and strengthen the effect of wireless power transmission; In overcritical resonance frequency, this array operation, in negative magnetoconductivity resonance condition, can play the effect of the reflection magnetic line of force, radiation-screening, adjustment magnetic direction.The distance of wireless power transmission can be strengthened, reduce radiation and control energy transferring direction, thus improve the performance of magnetic resonance radio energy transmission system.Through overtesting, under the same conditions, transmission range more than 30% is increased; Under the same terms, improve efficiency of transmission more than 20%.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the essential structure Rod structural representation of electromagnetism Meta Materials in prior art;
Fig. 2 is the essential structure SRR structural representation of electromagnetism Meta Materials in prior art;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of electromagnetism metamaterial unit in the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of electromagnetism Meta Materials array in the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the specific embodiment of the present invention structure chart;
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of electromagnetism Meta Materials magnetic permeability saltus step near resonance point;
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of conventional wireless transmission of electricity;
Fig. 8 is the graph of a relation of d12 and efficiency of transmission;
Fig. 9 is the position relationship schematic diagram of transmitting coil and negative magnetoconductivity electromagnetism Meta Materials array.
Embodiment
The invention provides a kind of wireless electric energy transmission device based on low frequency composite electromagnetic Meta Materials, comprise low frequency electromagnetic energy emitter, low frequency electromagnetic energy receiver and low frequency electromagnetic Meta Materials array (50Hz ~ 200kHz), described low frequency electromagnetic energy emitter comprises power signal generator and electromagnetic emission coil, described electromagnetic emission coil place is provided with positive magnetic permeability electromagnetism Meta Materials array or/and negative magnetoconductivity electromagnetism Meta Materials array, the low-frequency square-wave of 50Hz ~ 200kHz that described power signal generator exports or sine wave signal are to electromagnetic emission coil, electromagnetic emission coil by positive magnetic permeability electromagnetism Meta Materials array or/and electromagnetic signal is transmitted to electromagnetic energy receiver with the form in magnetic field by the effect of negative magnetoconductivity electromagnetism Meta Materials array, described electromagnetic energy receiver is electromagnetism receiving coil, the two ends of electromagnetism receiving coil connect load.
Be limited by the restriction of material structure, the research of electromagnetism Meta Materials and experiment at microwave frequency band comparative maturity, split ring resonator SRR(splitringresonator) be the Typical Representative of equivalent negative magnetic permeability electromagnetism Meta Materials.But, in low-frequency range of the present invention (kHz rank), be not yet constructed, be not actually applied wireless power transmission field.The present invention proposes a kind of composite electromagnetic metamaterial structure that can be operated in low frequency.As shown in Figure 3, Figure 4, low frequency electromagnetic Meta Materials array forms array structure by multiple electromagnetism metamaterial unit, described electromagnetism metamaterial unit comprises spiral inductance L, low loss capacitance C and high magnetic permeability power ferrite post Z, described spiral inductance L winding is around high magnetic permeability power ferrite post Z, the two ends of spiral inductance L connect low loss capacitance C, when frequency is higher (more than 30KHz), do not need obtain higher quality factor when ferrite column, then yet also can without Ferrite Material; The key of present patent application metamaterial unit forms LC resonance, and its quality factor are higher, and wireless power transmission performance is better, and in order to ensure the resonance of high quality factor, wherein the internal resistance of spiral inductance L is as far as possible little, coiling marshalling; Low loss capacitance C adopts high frequency, low ESR electric capacity; Ferrite column Z adopts low-loss Mn-Zn material.Electromagnetism metamaterial unit forms LC resonance structure, its resonance frequency
, resonance frequency can be regulated by regulating inductance L and electric capacity C
,
be the tranmitting frequency of power signal generator, work as operating frequency
be slightly less than
time (now operating frequency is
), be called subcritical resonance, now array of structures works in positive magnetic permeability resonance condition, and magnetic field intensity is enhanced, and the magnetic line of force direction that resonance produces is consistent with signal source, can play and guides and strengthen the effect of wireless power transmission; Operating frequency
slightly larger than
time (now operating frequency is
), be called overcritical resonance, now array operation is in negative magnetoconductivity resonance condition, and the magnetic line of force direction signal source that resonance produces is contrary, can play the effect of the reflection magnetic line of force, radiation-screening, adjustment magnetic direction.With traditional wireless power transmission based on resonance unlike, the subcritical resonance of our compound use and overcritical resonance frequency carry out work, and avoid resonance centre frequency as possible
.When wherein using, low frequency electromagnetic Meta Materials array is fixed on support.
As shown in Figure 5, electromagnetism Meta Materials space array is placed between power transmitter and power receiver as required, reasonable adjusting space array position, utilizes the near field characteristic of electromagnetism Meta Materials to realize the near field focus of wireless power transmission, thus realizes directed, fixed point transmission.The typical circuit of signal generator 1 forms sinewave power signal generator by large power triode, integrated circuit, and its signal frequency is adjustable (1KHz-100KHz); Signal generator 1 also can be the pulse square wave-generator using switching tube (as IGBT) to form, and its signal frequency is adjustable (1KHz-100KHz); Typically, the circuit such as complementary push-pull, half-bridge, full-bridge, LLC of traditional switch power supply all can be used as power signal generator.Electromagnetic emission coil 6 can use Low ESR, powerful solenoid, electromagnetic emission coil 6 can corresponding multiple electromagnetism receiving coil 5, electromagnetism receiving coil 5 also can corresponding multiple electromagnetic emission coil 6.As shown in Figure 8, the surrounding except front side of the electromagnetic emission coil 6 described in the present embodiment is provided with negative magnetoconductivity electromagnetism Meta Materials array 2, the axis of the ferrite column of the negative magnetoconductivity electromagnetism Meta Materials array 2 wherein placed on rear side of electromagnetic emission coil 6 is consistent with electromagnetic emission direction, the ferrite column of the negative magnetoconductivity electromagnetism Meta Materials array 2 around placed is axially perpendicular to electromagnetic emission direction, in a word, the bottom surface of ferrite column array is similar to the reflecting surface of mirror.Its beneficial effect is: the magnetic line of force can be reflected back, so both can prevent the magnetic interference to rear, the magnetic line of force intensity in front can be strengthened again, compared with directly using ferrite closed magnetic circuit with traditional electromagnetic oven, the method loss of this patent is very low, turn increases the distance of wireless power transmission simultaneously.The front side of described electromagnetic emission coil 6 is provided with positive magnetic permeability electromagnetism Meta Materials array 3, the axis of the ferrite column of positive magnetic permeability electromagnetism Meta Materials array 3 is consistent with electromagnetic emission direction, positive magnetic permeability electromagnetism Meta Materials array 3 can strengthen the intensity in magnetic field, increases wireless power transmission distance.The rear end of described electromagnetism receiving coil 5 is provided with plus or minus magnetic permeability electromagnetism Meta Materials array 4, and the axis of the ferrite column of plus or minus magnetic permeability electromagnetism Meta Materials array 4 is consistent with electromagnetic emission direction, so that the reception of energy.And the permutation arrangement mode of electromagnetism Meta Materials array is determined by concrete condition and requirement.
The Distance geometry efficiency of wireless power transmission and the placement location of metamaterial unit truly have very large relation.For traditional magnetic resonance wireless power transmission (Fig. 7), the distance change of d12 can affect the coupling coefficient between coil, thus affects the performance of wireless power transmission.As can be seen from the performance curve of Fig. 8, in different wireless power transmission distance situation, there is the optimum value of a d12.Therefore, the position of Meta Materials placement is relevant with concrete instructions for use.Negative magnetoconductivity electromagnetism Meta Materials array 2 in the present invention, positive magnetic permeability electromagnetism Meta Materials array 3 all should be placed on and the distance of transmitting coil 6 is between 1cm-25cm; Plus or minus magnetic permeability electromagnetism Meta Materials array 4 is also between 1cm-25cm apart from electromagnetism receiving coil 5.
Electromagnetism Meta Materials of the prior art encounters a lot of practical problem when being applied to low frequency frequency range.In KHz and following frequency range, wavelength will more than tens of km, and the size dimension of classical negative magnetoconductivity cell S RR will more than hundreds of rice, and this is can not be received in actual applications.For the application in wireless power transmission field, the present inventor thinks: system must work low frequency (KHz) frequency, effectively can reduce radiation hazradial bundle like this., nobody constructed so low-frequency electromagnetism Meta Materials, and more nobody is applied to wireless power transmission field.
The present invention makes full use of the low frequency characteristic of low frequency electromagnetic Meta Materials array, and its typical operating frequency is between 50Hz to 200KHz.Under this frequency, electromagnetic wavelength is very long, and what Energy Transfer utilized is radiationless near field in electromagnetic wave.After using low frequency electromagnetic Meta Materials array, traditional LC resonant circuit performance gets a promotion, wireless power transmission Distance geometry efficiency increases greatly, and can realize receiving at the wireless power of specific range, solves traditional wireless power technical transmission apart near and uncontrollable or that radiation field is large shortcoming.Of the present invention based on low frequency composite electromagnetic Meta Materials, can according to certain arrayed, and on this basis, radio energy transmission system performance can be made to be highly improved, improve transmission range, reduce operating frequency, control electromagnetic energy direction, avoid electromagnetism to the radiation of human body, and improve energy transmission efficiency.
Under low frequency (kHZ), Circuit theory is used to analyze it: the Meta Materials array be jointly made up of low-loss lumped parameter LC resonant circuit and high magnetic conductivity ferrite material has following characteristic:
1, near LC resonance frequency, can there is saltus step in the direction of the magnetic line of force and magnetic flux, work as frequency input signal
slightly larger than LC resonance frequency
time, the Meta Materials be made up of multiple resonant element array shows the positive permeability characteristics of equivalence; Work as frequency input signal
be slightly less than LC resonance frequency
time, this structural table reveals negative magnetoconductivity characteristic, as shown in Figure 6;
2, negative magnetoconductivity characteristic can the usable reflection magnetic line of force, and this can as a kind of shielding measure of magnetic field, and effect is better than traditional ferro-magnetic shield effect;
3, positive permeability characteristics can strengthen magnetic field intensity, increases wireless power transmission distance;
4, the resonance frequency point of wireless power transmission utilization of the present invention is completely different from tradition, and conventional magnetic resonance requires that transmitting terminal is identical with receiving terminal frequency, and the present invention is the subcritical resonance region of compound use and overcritical resonance region then.
Claims (6)
1. the wireless electric energy transmission device based on low frequency composite electromagnetic Meta Materials, it is characterized in that: comprise low frequency electromagnetic energy emitter, low frequency electromagnetic energy receiver and low frequency electromagnetic Meta Materials array, described low frequency electromagnetic energy emitter comprises power signal generator and electromagnetic emission coil, described electromagnetic emission coil place is provided with positive magnetic permeability electromagnetism Meta Materials array or/and negative magnetoconductivity electromagnetism Meta Materials array, the low frequency signal of 50Hz ~ 200kHz that described power signal generator exports is to electromagnetic emission coil, electromagnetic emission coil by positive magnetic permeability electromagnetism Meta Materials array or/and electromagnetic signal is transmitted to electromagnetic energy receiver with the form in magnetic field by the effect of negative magnetoconductivity electromagnetism Meta Materials array,
The operating frequency of described negative magnetoconductivity electromagnetism Meta Materials array
,
it is the tranmitting frequency of power signal generator; The operating frequency of described positive magnetic permeability electromagnetism Meta Materials array
.
2. the wireless electric energy transmission device based on low frequency composite electromagnetic Meta Materials according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described low frequency electromagnetic Meta Materials array forms array structure by multiple electromagnetism metamaterial unit, described electromagnetism metamaterial unit comprises spiral inductance, low loss capacitance and ferrite column, described spiral inductance winding is around ferrite column, and the two ends of spiral inductance connect low loss capacitance.
3. the wireless electric energy transmission device based on low frequency composite electromagnetic Meta Materials according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described low frequency electromagnetic Meta Materials array forms array structure by multiple electromagnetism metamaterial unit, described electromagnetism metamaterial unit comprises spiral inductance, low loss capacitance, and the two ends of described spiral inductance connect low loss capacitance.
4. the wireless electric energy transmission device based on low frequency composite electromagnetic Meta Materials according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described ferrite column adopts low-loss Mn-Zn material.
5. the wireless electric energy transmission device based on low frequency composite electromagnetic Meta Materials according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the surrounding except front side of described electromagnetic emission coil is provided with negative magnetoconductivity electromagnetism Meta Materials array, the front side of described electromagnetic emission coil is provided with positive magnetic permeability electromagnetism Meta Materials array, the rear side of described electromagnetic energy receiver is provided with plus or minus magnetic permeability electromagnetism Meta Materials array, wherein with electromagnetic emission direction for front.
6. the wireless electric energy transmission device based on low frequency composite electromagnetic Meta Materials according to claim 5, is characterized in that: described electromagnetic energy receiver is electromagnetism receiving coil, and the two ends of electromagnetism receiving coil connect load or connect load after over commutation.
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| CN106298212B (en) * | 2016-08-15 | 2018-12-28 | 上海交通大学 | Wireless power transmission coil device based on magnetic material plate |
| CN106101349A (en) * | 2016-08-19 | 2016-11-09 | 金陵科技学院 | A kind of smart mobile phone set of anti-electromagnetic-radiation |
| CN106941283A (en) * | 2017-04-07 | 2017-07-11 | 上海交通大学 | Wireless power transmission coil device based on displacement flat board |
| CN109841960B (en) * | 2019-03-18 | 2020-12-25 | 南京邮电大学 | Low-permeability metamaterial based on metal coil array |
| CN113300493B (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2022-11-01 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transmission system based on electromagnetic metamaterial |
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| CN102647029A (en) * | 2011-10-31 | 2012-08-22 | 深圳光启高等理工研究院 | Wireless energy transmission system |
| CN203589850U (en) * | 2013-06-24 | 2014-05-07 | 南阳防爆电气研究所有限公司 | A wireless electric energy transmission apparatus based on low frequency composite electromagnetic meta-materials. |
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| KR101829207B1 (en) * | 2011-11-29 | 2018-02-20 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Wireless power transmission system with enhanced magnetic field strength |
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| CN102647029A (en) * | 2011-10-31 | 2012-08-22 | 深圳光启高等理工研究院 | Wireless energy transmission system |
| CN203589850U (en) * | 2013-06-24 | 2014-05-07 | 南阳防爆电气研究所有限公司 | A wireless electric energy transmission apparatus based on low frequency composite electromagnetic meta-materials. |
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