CN103309964A - High-efficiency visible monitoring analysis system for large-scale traffic data - Google Patents
High-efficiency visible monitoring analysis system for large-scale traffic data Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-efficiency visible monitoring analysis system for large-scale traffic data. The system is mainly based on a visible 'fingerprint' data model previously proposed by an inventor; the collected original traffic data is converted into the visible 'fingerprint' data model through a data conversion module under large-scale real-time data flow; and complex abstract conceptions such as periodic flow changes, track exceptions and hidden data errors in the traffic data can be visualized into simple and intuitional visual effects so as to provide automatic detection and analysis of city hot spot regions based on density, road traffic flow analysis based on historical traffic flow dynamic properties and real-time monitoring analysis of the traffic track exceptions based on vehicle historical data and statistic information for a user. The periodical flow change properties in the large-scale traffic data are analyzed in real time based on the historical data and the statistic information to find hidden rules and errors so as to provide analysis and support for the decision of the user. Therefore, the convenience is provided for an analyzer to quickly understand the data and the information, the analysis threshold is reduced, the application range is expanded, and the analysis efficiency and accuracy are improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of efficient visual monitoring analysis system at extensive traffic data.This system is based on viewdata model " fingerprint ", when supporting the real-time display monitoring of flow data, with some flow cyclical variations, the unusual and hiding complicated abstract concepts such as error in data of track that exists in the traffic data, be visualized as the simple and direct visual effect, make things convenient for analyst's fast understanding relatively, analyze threshold thereby reduce, enlarge range of application, improve analysis efficiency and accuracy.
Background technology
In recent years, GPS equipment, mobile communication equipment and various kinds of sensors equipment being extensive use of in the world is for traditional data collection has brought change.Along with the variation of all kinds of sensing equipments and miniaturization and with the develop rapidly of radio sensing network technology, make the researcher can collect the space-time data that comprises spatial geographical locations information, temporal information and other relevant information in a large number, its data volume often can reach TB level even PB level.Because these class data is in large scale, surpassed the scope that the traditional data treatment technology can effectively be handled, therefore, to being that the space-time data of representative carries out efficient analysis and tap/dip deep into traffic flow data and vehicle GPS data, become one of research focus in the present IT field.Traffic data is carried out data mining and Knowledge Discovery has important social benefit and economic benefit, is the direction of scientific rersearch that present national governments, enterprise and research institution very pay attention to.Through behind the mining analysis, the knowledge of obtaining from space-time data has very wide application prospect, and for example, traffic data can be applied to a plurality of fields such as city management, roading, traffic control, trip planning.
But the traffic data that portable terminal collects includes time, space characteristics simultaneously, can classify as space-time data.And in recent years along with the continuous expansion of data scale, stern challenge has been proposed for the analysis of space-time data.At first, because the complicacy of geographical space, when relating to the feature of space correlation in the data, traditional method such as statistics, data mining and machine learning can not be carried out complete analysis by full automatic method, whole process need expert participates in the overall process, utilize the people to the relevant understanding in space and zone, to the intrinsic attribute of space correlation and the implicit knowledge of relation.Secondly, the time correlation feature also is a complex phenomena.The mode of time with linearity itself changes, but the generation rule of event As time goes on but can be periodically to repeat, and repeatedly circulation repeats; Whole formation hierarchical structure, even have overlapping and inter-related characteristic on the time attribute between event and the event.And temporal characteristics also has the characteristics of isomery, and therefore, we must distinguish daytime and evening, working day and weekend, vacation and normal work period.These knowledge professionals or the user that participate in to analyze are had very deep understanding, but this is need sense and be difficult to convey to a kind of sensation of machine.Therefore, the data with temporal characteristics also need a large amount of participations of expert in analysis, by use appropriate expression-form analyze with mining data in relevant rule.
The mass data that produces of miscellaneous information source in recent years, head and shoulders above the ability of these data of human brain analysis interpretation, owing to lack effective analysis means of mass data, a large amount of computational resources are wasted, this has seriously hindered the progress of scientific research, and visual (Visualization) technology proposes thus.Modern data visualization (Data Visualization) technology refers to uses computer graphics and image processing techniques, data is changed to figure or image shows at screen, and carries out theory, method and the technology of interaction process.It relates to a plurality of fields such as computer graphics, image processing, computer-aided design (CAD), computer vision and human-computer interaction technology.The data visualization concept is at first from visualization in scientific computing (Visualization in Scientific Computing), scientists not only needs to analyze the data of being calculated by computing machine by graph image, and needs to understand the variation of data in computation process.In recent years, along with network technology and Development of E-business, the requirement of information visualization (Information Visualization) has been proposed.We can pass through the data visualization technology, find implicit rule in a large amount of finance, communication and the business data, thereby provide foundation for decision-making.This has become focus new in the data visualization technology.
The visualized data analytical technology has been widened traditional figure table function, makes the user clearer to the analysis of data.For example the multidimensional data in the database is become multiple figure, this situation to reminder-data, inward nature and regularity have played very strong effect.When show to find as a result the time, map is shown as a setting simultaneously.The regularity of distribution that can show its knowledge feature on the one hand; Also can carry out visual explanation to the result who excavates on the other hand, thereby reach best analytical effect.Visualization technique makes the user see overall process, monitoring and the control data analysis process of data processing.And be accordingly, the conventional process analytical approach can only be applicable to data on a small scale, some abstract concepts that can not well represent the existence in the data analysis, and be difficult to show big data in the mode that a kind of people understands easily, the real-time demonstration of flow data can not be supported.
Find by retrieval, the traffic data that utilizes mobile terminal device to collect at present carries out system and the company of monitoring analysis, the secondary development vehicle monitoring system integral body that comprises various GPS/GIS/GSM/GPRS vehicle monitoring system softwares, GSM and GPRS intelligent movable car-mounted terminal, system is built scheme, all is not provided under the situation that extensive flow data shows the function of analyzing when traffic data monitored fully.Under unusual situation about taking place, the user expends more time and resource with needs, can make a policy.
The present invention has filled up this technological gap, with analysis efficiency and the accuracy to the detecting of hot-zone, city, road traffic flow analysis and the unusual real-time detection of traffic track that effectively improves in extensive traffic data monitoring.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, under the situation of extensive real time data stream, to the traffic data of collecting (these data are the higher-dimension space-time data), for the user provides hot spot region, city Auto-Sensing and analysis based on density, road traffic flow analysis based on the historical traffic flows dynamic perfromance, based on the unusual real-time monitoring analysis of the traffic track of vehicle historical data and statistical information, be flow cyclical variation characteristic in the extensive traffic data of basic real-time analysis with historical data and statistical information, find out hiding rule and mistake, thereby analyze and support for user's decision-making provides.
The present invention is intended to propose a kind of visual method for digging for vehicle GPS data analysis and exception monitoring, the viewdata model " fingerprint " that this system invented in the past based on the inventor, make the user can be in the traffic data monitoring detected result being carried out real-time analysis under the situation that extensive flow data shows, with the periodically dynamic change of some flows that exists in the traffic data, the complicated abstract concepts such as error in data that track is unusual and hiding, change and be shown as the simple and direct visual effect by three kinds of visualized data model " fingerprint " new fingerprint viewable design, make things convenient for analyst's fast understanding, improve analysis efficiency and accuracy.
The technical scheme that adopts of this visual monitoring analysis system comprises data preprocessing module, visualization model, user interactive module design for achieving the above object, earlier vehicle GPS data in the traffic data of collecting are carried out the error of map match in reducing to analyze by data preprocessing module, according to the definition of visual " fingerprint " data model the data after mating are carried out treatment conversion afterwards, make numeric data become visual element (shape intuitively, color, size etc.), then the data after the conversion are added index with real-time response user's interactive query; By visualization model the viewdata model is treated to the detecting of hot-zone, city and analyzes demonstration, road traffic flow analysis demonstration and the demonstration of vehicle-state monitoring analysis, the numeric data that complexity is loaded down with trivial details is shown as visual and understandable visual element; Realize abundant interactive operation by user interactive module, the user can be monitored and analyze, thereby analyze and support for user's decision-making provides.
The present invention is based on a kind of visualized data model " fingerprint " and come the extensive traffic data of monitoring analysis, the abnormality of the cyclical variation characteristic of flow and vehicle is converted to visual element intuitively shows analyst or expert.This system is intended to utilize visualized data model " fingerprint " and advanced visual techniques expert's wisdom to be included in the process of big data analysis, improve the accuracy of monitoring efficient and analysis, reduce the analysis threshold that is brought by large-scale data simultaneously, widen the scope of application of application.Visual structure according to the three orientations traffic data application-specific of visual " fingerprint " modelling in this system is shown as the method for visual element intuitively for the user provides a kind of with extensive traffic data, and supports the real-time demonstration of flow data.Three viewable design be used for monitoring, analyze and than fairly large traffic data, comprise the magnitude of traffic flow and vehicle GPS data, based on former fingerprint model concept, be space (S), time (T), and attribute (A) is to mapping: a S * T * A → Fingerprint of fingerprint model (Fingerprint)." fingerprint " data model (Fingerprint) is different from traditional data models, have two data structures, numeric data after the corresponding original data processing of abstract data structure (Abstract Form), the geological information that viewdata structure (Visual Form) corresponding data shows at screen.According to definition, at first select certain space scope (S), coordinate information and the size of record selection area in fingerprint model (F), in this scope (S) according to according to the time (T) with the row with row relations organize original gps data, delegation in the table represents a complete time period, such as one day, the burst of complete each regular length of time period is corresponding row all, such as hour of corresponding one day of each row, each field in the table has represented the respective value of attribute (A) at last, such as the statistical value in a hour.The fingerprint model can add corresponding geological information territory to generate viewdata model (Visual Form) for every attribute according to the abstract data structure that defines afterwards, built-in placement algorithm can generate corresponding geological information, as the size of visualized elements border rectangle, shape type, coordinate information etc.We use in conjunction with three functions of this visualized data model and system: for the user provides hot spot region, city Auto-Sensing and analysis based on density, based on the road traffic flow analysis of historical traffic flows dynamic perfromance, based on the unusual real-time monitoring analysis of the traffic track of vehicle historical data and statistical information; The visual structure that has designed a special use for each application reaches the design object of our expection pointedly.These three visual structures are respectively hot-zone data fingerprint die type, road traffic flow data fingerprint die type and vehicle status data fingerprint model.
Hot-zone data fingerprint die type has adopted the demonstration that realizes S * T * A → Fingerprint based on the placement algorithm of the ring-type nested structure of map, and the position of corresponding fingerprint has represented the spatial information (S) that this visual structure is analyzed on the map; Adopt the corresponding time attribute of the nested layout of many rings to show (T) in the structure, corresponding complete time period of each ring, as one day, time slicing of each fan-shaped burst correspondence was as one hour in one day on the ring; Fan-shaped burst comes corresponding attribute (A) to show with color.This kind realized based on the abstract data structure of table, can produce corresponding index, can improve the query rate of data greatly, supports the real time data query analysis thereby reach the optimization system performance.
Hot-zone data fingerprint die type is suitable for detection, analysis and the comparison of frequent rule (Frequent Pattern) and periodic law (Periodic Pattern) very much.At first, each ring represents a complete time period in the nested layout of many rings, each ring in the layout has identical start time and concluding time, each time slicing is with the fan-shaped burst correspondence on the ring, many rings are nested to make the position of fan-shaped burst of the identical time slicing of representative on each ring can be presented on the position adjacent, represent the data (7 rings are arranged) in a week as a fingerprint, a ring represents one day, a fan-shaped burst represents corresponding one hour (24 fan-shaped bursts are arranged on the ring), and all represent the fanning strip of 8pm near the position on the correspondence ring is all turning over 270 positions of spending clockwise so; The color of fan-shaped burst has represented corresponding property value again simultaneously.Therefore, whether have periodically as long as observe the variation of color on fingerprint, distribute similar as the fan-shaped burst of similar color at ring; Whether have frequent rule, repeat or concentrate on the last a certain section zone of ring such as some similar color and occur if changing.Abstract concept changes the visual information that is easy to analyst's understanding into like this.
Road traffic flow data fingerprint die type has adopted the demonstration that realizes S * T * A → Fingerprint based on the placement algorithm of the ring-type nested structure in highway section, and the highway section of corresponding fingerprint has represented the spatial information (S) that this visual structure is analyzed on the map; Adopt the corresponding time attribute of the nested topological design of many rings of similar hot-zone data fingerprint die type to show (T) in the structure, one-piece construction toroidal radially, according to the rules angle (360/7 °) cuts out the fan-shaped of seven identical sizes on the annulus, each is fan-shaped to should one day the sequential in highway section showing, be divided into 24 little sections during each is fan-shaped, in corresponding one day of each section one hour; Section in fan-shaped comes corresponding attribute (A) to show with color, and different attribute (A) value will be according to the color table that designs and color of the corresponding distribution of mapping function, then to the painted different property value of distinguishing of cutting into slices.While road traffic flow data fingerprint die type has added two kinds of new structures and helped analyze: daily behavior display structure and abnormal behaviour detect display structure.Wherein the daily behavior display structure is positioned at the position at this fingerprint model circular ring structure center, come the value of daily behavior pattern in this highway section that display device study or data mining find out 24 hours with histogram, use simultaneously with data model attribute (A) to show that identical color table is painted, make things convenient for analysts by distinguishing the similarities and differences that color contrasts historical data and daily behavior model fast.Abnormal behaviour detects the position that display structure is positioned at this fingerprint model circular ring structure outermost, distribute equally radially, each fan-shaped arc area (this zone and the corresponding fan-shaped equal angular on the annulus that is in) that a correspondence is arranged in this structure in the annulus, this arc area is divided into 24 sections 24 hours of coming in corresponding a day, and the time increases according to clockwise direction.If should the corresponding fan-shaped burst value in zone surpass the value that the daily behavior pattern calculates, can generate one so to the shape of annulus outer projection, the degree of projection to should hour with the difference size of this one hour value of daily behavior; If otherwise less than, then generate the shape to internal protrusion.This data model remains based on the abstract data structure of table and realizes, can produce corresponding index, improves the query rate of data, thereby the optimization system performance is to support the real time data query analysis.
Vehicle status data fingerprint model adopted visual in " bionical " design philosophy (Metaphor), conveniently analyze and compare by abstract concept being can be considered things that people are familiar with.The visual structure here shows immediate status and the historical information of vehicle by the vehicle Bionic Design being become the shape of cell, this placement algorithm also can be realized the demonstration of S * T * A → Fingerprint, the position of corresponding fingerprint has represented the position of this vehicle on the map, i.e. spatial information (S); Time attribute shows the immediate status of (T) corresponding vehicle, and shows the vehicle historical data with the shape of cell afterbody; Other attribute (A) of vehicle is showed with color and cell body shape, such as this vehicle instantaneous velocity, simultaneously with the manned state of nucleus color shows vehicle, with the statistical information of this vehicle of nucleus position display.Though vehicle status data fingerprint model has adopted the cytoid Bionic Design of class, but the abstract data structure that also is based on table is realized, can produce corresponding index, and the optimization system performance is supported the real time data query analysis, simultaneously can support dynamic demonstration well, as animation etc.
After data preprocessing module receives that traffic data is as input, can at first handle correction to the GPS raw data that transmits, mainly come the GPS positioning error, the numerical map sum of errors coordinate projection mapping fault that exist in the data collection are revised by map-matching algorithm, got up with the road net informational linkage in the numerical map in the position that the GPS of vehicle shows, and definite vehicle produces to reduce uncertain factor in the analysis with respect to the position of map thus.To revise GPS numeric data later then and be converted to visual " fingerprint " data model, generate a series of data directories simultaneously, be used for online (Online) real-time response user interactions.
Receive the data directory and vehicle viewdata model of generation when visualization model after, to remove the abstract data that noise changes in the raw data to these, change into the visual form of data by built-in placement algorithm, again it is played up on screen at last.Placement algorithm provides three kinds of functions of the corresponding system of three types view design to select and switching for the user, be respectively the detecting of hot-zone, city and analyze demonstration, road traffic flow analysis demonstration and the demonstration of vehicle-state monitoring analysis, the numeric data that complexity is loaded down with trivial details is shown as visual and understandable visual element.This module strengthens the readability that data visualization shows by the demonstration with abstract data model and relationship map map on the analytic system, is beneficial to the user and compares the combining cartographic information analysis.Therefore the data after handling are carried out visually, the user can monitor in real time to the variation of the data collected.By offering the user based on hot spot region, the city demonstration of density, road traffic flow based on the historical traffic flows dynamic perfromance shows, based on the unusual real-time monitoring of the traffic track of vehicle historical data and statistical information, because all being based on visualized data model " fingerprint " designs, therefore can be when guaranteeing monitoring effect, the assisted user analysis.
Hot spot region, city Auto-Sensing based on density adopts geographical map as display background with analysis, at first pretreated vehicle GPS data are carried out cluster analysis during processing, the different cluster structures that will excavate are then put on different colors and are presented on the map and distinguish.Here we to give tacit consent to each cluster structures be a hot spot region in the city, next corresponding demonstration of hot-zone data fingerprint die type that each hot spot region is generated correspondence can be given tacit consent to by system, these fingerprints are positioned at each center, hot spot region, what of data in the corresponding hot-zone of size, this demonstration can effective ratio than the size of vehicle flow density.
Be demand according to the user based on the road traffic flow analysis of historical traffic flows dynamic perfromance, demonstration is amplified in the appointed area on map, after amplification, divide the road traffic flow data fingerprint die type that become correspondence next life at the highway section that exists in the zone simultaneously, historical data is converted to visual element intuitively, make things convenient for analyst's fast understanding and find rule, thereby analyze unusually, improve analysis efficiency.
Be query requests with user input based on the unusual real-time monitoring analysis of the traffic track of vehicle historical data and statistical information, as " vehicle-state that XX highway section XX order ", be treated to visible results help Traffic monitoring intuitively and abnormality detection.This process at first can be being queried the highway section amplification and being shown on the screen map, interference in analyze, only show main highway section, behind the vehicle data result who waits to obtain in the database query requests being returned, generate corresponding vehicle status data fingerprint model according to system build-in function module, the user can carry out performance analysis and operates in real time vehicle-state afterwards.
When providing user data to show, realize abundant alternately by user interactive module, and with data-switching and visualization model that these operational feedback arrive, allow the user in time the data after handling be carried out space attribute analysis and time series analysis.In analytic process, the user can be to interested or feel to be undertaken alternately by the visualization structure to selection area in valuable zone, thereby further understand the space-time characteristic of this area's data.After finishing, the user can check or carries out correlation inquiry according to existing analysis result raw data, thereby result of study is compared and puts in order, finally analyzes and supports for user's decision-making provides.
The present invention utilizes a kind of efficient visual monitoring analysis system at extensive traffic data, and the beneficial effect that can reach is as follows:
1) a kind of extensive traffic data monitoring and analytic system based on visualization technique;
2) dynamic higher-dimension space-time data signature analysis, and be with good expansibility, go for small data and show and inquiry to large-scale data stream;
3) Feng Fu expert's interaction.System can guarantee to provide more statistical information when flow data shows, historical data is converted to the visual element of readability from numerical value knowledge, as shape, and color, size etc.The purpose of this way is to keep the analyst to participate in all the time in the process of whole analysis, and utilizes their analysis ability to adjust parameter and sum up research.
4) user can excavate the correlativity between the different attribute fast and compares by visual display intuitively, and can and get rid of incoherent track by filtering data, and interested result or set of properties cooperation are are further researched and analysed.System provides multiple interactive mode, has guaranteed the operability of user to data, makes the progressively parameter of refinement modification analysis of user, finally obtains desirable analysis result.
Description of drawings
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Fig. 1 is the configuration diagram to the efficient visual monitoring analysis system of extensive traffic data.
Fig. 2 is the synoptic diagram of hot-zone data fingerprint die type of three visual structures of the correspondence that generates according to system design functions in this visual monitoring analysis system of visualized data structure " fingerprint ".
Fig. 3 is the synoptic diagram of road traffic flow data fingerprint die type of three visual structures of the correspondence that generates according to system design functions in this visual monitoring analysis system of visualized data structure " fingerprint ".
Fig. 4 is the synoptic diagram of vehicle status data fingerprint model of three visual structures of the correspondence that generates according to system design functions in this visual monitoring analysis system of visualized data structure " fingerprint ".
Fig. 5 is the synoptic diagram of traffic data visual analysis flow process.
Fig. 6 is the synoptic diagram based on hot spot region, the city demonstration of density.
Fig. 7 is the synoptic diagram based on the road traffic flow demonstration of historical traffic flows dynamic perfromance.
Fig. 8 is the synoptic diagram based on the unusual real-time monitoring display of traffic track of vehicle historical data and statistical information.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, data preprocessing module has defined visualized data structure " fingerprint " and the corresponding interface that is applied in the visual monitoring analysis system of this traffic data, necessary I/O operation-interface also is provided simultaneously, the user can read original traffic data easily in the middle of file, database and network flow, and is converted into abstract structures such as table, figure, tree.Comprised two parts content in the visualization model, visualized data is handled and layout processing.Visualized data is handled the abstract data element that defines from data preprocessing module is added corresponding geological information territory, to safeguard the size of visualized elements, information such as position; Layout processing is used placement algorithm, generates geological information, and it is set to the geological information territory of visualized data.The hot spot region, city that the invention provides as shown in Figure 1 based on density shows, gives the user based on the road traffic flow demonstration of historical traffic flows dynamic perfromance with based on three kinds of dissimilar placement algorithms of the unusual real-time monitoring of the traffic track of vehicle historical data and statistical information.Also comprise two parts in the interactive module, play up and handle and interaction process.Play up the geological information generation graphic element that processing and utilizing obtains from visualization model, and it is presented in face of the user the most at last; Various alternative events are collected and handled to interaction process among each module, and on the data with result retroaction and each module.
As shown in Figure 1, the visualized data structure " fingerprint " of the assistant analysis that we define, in data preprocessing module the most basic data structures is defined, organize original gps data according to row and the relation of row, each bar raw data is as the delegation in the table, and each attribute in the data is the row in corresponding this corresponding line all.This kind realized based on the abstract data structure of table, can produce corresponding index, can improve the query rate of data greatly, supports the real time data query analysis thereby reach the optimization system performance.
The viewdata processing section of while in visualization model, by in data preprocessing module to the definition of visual structure " fingerprint ", extract corresponding geological information record, comprise size, shape type, coordinate information of visualized elements border rectangle etc.All there are the visual copy of this correspondence in any data element and data structure in the data preprocessing module.Visualization model has been safeguarded abstract data element and the direct two-way mapping of visualized data element by this mechanism, for the data modification in the reciprocal process provides convenient, make the change of abstract data element or visualized data element to be reflected to rapidly on the opposing party's data element.
As shown in Figure 2, the specific design of the hot-zone data fingerprint die type of three visual structures of the correspondence that visualized data structure " fingerprint " generates according to system design functions in this visual monitoring analysis system has adopted the radial topological design based on annular map, helps customer analysis historical data or statistical information.This design can be used different color-coded scheme other attributes such as expression density, speed that distribute.Structural each ring is gone up and is represented the time, and can select as required is 7 ring designs that show a week.Each sector represents one hour in the ring, and the time, growing direction was along clockwise direction.Whole layout is just as a clock, and 12 of midnights, the whole time, lowest position represented 12 noon along increasing clockwise at top, gets back to the point at midnights 12 at top at last.The growth on date is according to the radius growing direction of structure, and the ring of inner ring is representing the date the earliest, and outmost turns is the nearest date.Such as the record that shows January 18 to January 24,18 days record is positioned at the position of inner ring at last so, and 24 then is outset part.
Every attribute such as density, the speed etc. in the zone of the representative of hot-zone data fingerprint die type are showed intuitively by color coding, analysis design such as the hot spot region of excavating out, city is the more bright secter pat of color, density is more low, and the more dark secter pat of color represents that this area's vehicular movement is very frequent.The size of " fingerprint " structure is directly proportional with the data sum of institute's favored area, and the more many sizes of data recording are more big, otherwise structure is little at least for data.
As shown in Figure 3, the specific design of road traffic flow data fingerprint die type has adopted with hot-zone data fingerprint die type similarly based on the radial topological design of ring-type nested structure, help customer analysis to choose historical data or the statistical information in highway section, and help the user by visual element intuitively and compare fast.Modelling can be used different color-coded scheme other attributes such as expression density, speed that distribute.Structure collectivity is annulus, according to the rules angle (360/7) cuts out the fan-shaped of seven identical sizes on the annulus, each is fan-shaped to should one day the sequential in highway section showing, date, growing direction was along clockwise direction, as be in the top of annulus fan-shapedly represent Sunday, clockwise direction is arranged as Monday then, and Tuesday is until Saturday; Be divided into 24 little sections during each is fan-shaped, in corresponding one day of each section one hour, the radius growing direction of whole time according to structure increases progressively, 0 o'clock to 1 o'clock midnight is being shown in the section of inner ring (being positioned on the position of the most close circle ring center), and outmost turns represents at 23 o'clock to 24 o'clock.
Every attribute such as density, the speed etc. of choosing the highway section that road traffic flow data fingerprint die type is represented show intuitively by color coding.When this chooses the magnitude of traffic flow in highway section when customer analysis, the little section of secter pat that color is more dark, flow is more low in the representation unit time, and the more dark secter pat of color represents that this area's vehicle flow is more high.Road traffic flow data fingerprint die type has added two kinds of new structures and helped analyze the magnitude of traffic flow: daily behavior display structure and abnormal behaviour detect display structure.Wherein the daily behavior display structure is positioned at the position at this fingerprint model circular ring structure center, come the value of daily behavior pattern in this highway section that display device study or data mining find out 24 hours with histogram, date increases (Sunday-Saturday) according to from left to right order, use with the identical color table of sector-shaped slices simultaneously and carry out color mark, make things convenient for analysts by distinguishing the similarities and differences that color contrasts historical data and daily behavior model fast.Abnormal behaviour detects the position that display structure is positioned at this fingerprint model circular ring structure periphery, distribute equally radially, each fan-shapedly has a corresponding region (this zone and the corresponding fan-shaped equal angular on the annulus that is in) in this structure in the annulus, this corresponding region is divided into 24 sections and came corresponding 24 hours, time, growing direction was along clockwise direction, 0 of midnight is in leftmost position, then according to clockwise growth, rightmost position represents 24 points, the growth on date simultaneously increases according to the radius of structure, carries out corresponding with fan-shaped on the annulus; If should the corresponding fan-shaped burst value in zone surpass the value that the daily behavior pattern calculates, can generate one so to the shape of annulus outer projection, the degree of projection to should hour with the difference size of this one hour value of daily behavior; If otherwise less than, then generate the shape to internal protrusion.
As shown in Figure 4, the employing of vehicle status data fingerprint model " bionical " design philosophy (Metaphor) in visual, by with the bionical one-tenth cell of vehicle, vehicle-state is converted to cellulated structure, helps with visual element intuitively that the user compares vehicle-state fast and monitoring is unusual.Specific design is divided into three parts: afterbody, body, and nuclear.The cell afterbody is used for showing the velocity information record of vehicle history, represents this vehicle and have the earliest the speed on the time point of record as the afterbody distal-most end, and afterbody most proximal end (near cell body) represents this vehicle speed on the time point of record recently.Afterbody is represented the velocity variations of vehicle with curve, and the residing ray of separated time is the division coordinate axis of historical speed mean value in the cell body.The cell body shape shows the instantaneous velocity of this enquiring vehicle, has the deformation of both direction altogether: horizontal and vertical variation.Horizontal direction is the maximal value of representing this vehicle historical speed with left and right sides both direction, if the vehicle instantaneous velocity is more big, horizontal direction expansion ground is more severe so, otherwise instantaneous velocity is more little, and it is more severe to shrink ground in the horizontal direction; Vertically variation then is to represent the historical speed maximal value with the center, and above-below direction represents minimum value, if the vehicle instantaneous velocity is more big, it is more severe that vertical direction is shunk deformation so, and instantaneous velocity is more little, and the ground that then expands is more severe.Nucleus shows the manned state of vehicle with color, can be used for the operation of monitoring taxi; Nuclear position then is used for showing remaining some statistical information of this vehicle, the nuclear lateral attitude has represented the current time of living in of vehicle, then represent this enquiring vehicle instant recording time more early the closer to afterbody, and lengthwise position has represented the size of speed, the bottom represents historical low speed, the top represents top speed, and the separatrix of the part that colors in the cell body represents mean value, works as the vehicle in front instantaneous velocity above historical average speeds if nucleus is positioned to color in partly then represent.Color also is used for representing current instantaneous velocity simultaneously, can know the velocity information that vehicle is current rapidly according to the color table user.
As shown in Figure 5, the analysis process of total system is generally the traffic data that uses data preprocessing module to handle earlier, generate the demonstration that the detecting of hot-zone, city is analyzed, for the user provides one of traffic data overall general view, excavate the result in the traffic data cluster during this shows corresponding hot-zone data fingerprint seal is provided, so the user can also obtain statistical information or the historical data of each hot zones from general view.This visualization result can combining geographic information and statistics show the behavior property with respect to room and time of the city hot zones of excavating out, as the traffic conditions of analyzing identical area is over time, the variation spatially of same alike result variable.Then data are carried out space attribute analysis and time series analysis respectively, mainly pay close attention to 2 points: (1) time dependent space distribution (situation) is called spatial analysis; (2) situation and the development that spatially distribute of local time's correlated variables is called local time series analysis.In analytic process, the user can freely explore any interesting place, and checks the details of the visual structure hot-zone data fingerprint seal of any generation.
After this, the user can be to interested or feel valuable highway section, and the fragment of intercepting random time length generates the road traffic flow analysis and shows and do further investigation.Can select all highway sections in the hot spot region to generate road traffic flow amount data fingerprint seal such as the user and study, or have the highway section of similar characteristic in all hot spot regions; Or in one section regular time interval, all highway sections are analyzed, or select flow to study in the time highway section with gradual change or catastrophe characteristics that distributes; By the trend that observation and comparison to visual structure road traffic flow data fingerprint seal come analysis time or space, perhaps excavate out the rule of the repetition of data on room and time, as the periodicity of time, detect part or global abnormal value etc.
Using during above two demonstrations analyze, the user switches to the vehicle-state monitoring analysis at any time and shows to come vehicle-state is monitored.Such as a part or the interested highway section in the selected hot spot region, or those flows of excavating out in two demonstrations before being selected in have periodically or the time period of frequency, generate road corresponding traffic flow data fingerprint, help the flow at user monitoring specific region or crossing, and whether detecting there is unusual existence.After finishing, the user can check or carries out correlation inquiry according to existing analysis result raw data, thereby result of study is compared and puts in order.
As shown in Figure 6, at first use machine learning or data mining method to identify the higher hot zones of vehicle dealing ratio in the city in hot spot region, the city demonstration based on density.Background map is represented the hot spot region that detects in the city with the some aggregation zone of different colours among the figure, and the center position that is created on each hot spot region afterwards generates corresponding hot-zone data fingerprint seal.The user can select some interesting places, does further to analyze.Fan-shaped burst in the fingerprint structure among the figure then is that color is more shallow more bright, illustrates that the vehicle dealing number in the corresponding time is more high, and the more dark more dark explanation number of color is more few.As: residential quarter, hospital, school, market, cinema, subway exit, recreation ground, square etc.The largest vehicle cluster areas of namely for this reason excavating out in the city as (1), distributing at vehicle flowrate has strong cyclical variation, and as can be seen should the zone traffic density on the fingerprint size very high; (2) and in (3) from the fingerprint size as can be seen these two clusters the magnitude of traffic flow similar, but from map as can be seen (2) vehicle distribute very intensive, (3) it is comparatively sparse to distribute in, and wherein (2) are International airports, and what (3) showed is a small-sized residential district; (4) and the magnitude of traffic flow of (5) similar, but in distribution very big difference is arranged, fingerprint from (4) as can be seen should the zone the magnitude of traffic flow concentrate in the several hrs that is distributed in the week, the magnitude of traffic flow in zone then is to be evenly distributed in a week in (5).In different time sections the flow of different vehicle dealing is arranged, can be the setting of traffic route and platform, other adequate and systematic service facilities such as the length of red street lamp provide the data support.
As shown in Figure 7, the road traffic flow based on the historical traffic flows dynamic perfromance shows that being based on the hot spot region information of excavating carries out deep excavation and research.Analyze as (1) zone that we are held among Fig. 6, the vehicle cluster of entire city maximum has been contained in this hot spot region, but when we amplify when showing to concrete highway section, we find that this hot spot region has only comprised 2 highway sections.Therefore we are that these two highway sections generate road corresponding traffic flow data fingerprint, and the density of the research vehicle that distributes, average velocity and on-board and off-board behavior (we use the taxi data to analyze here).We find that the vehicle flowrate average velocity in (1) changes (color on the annulus presents deep mixed distribution) in a week, but the abnormal behaviour of these two highway section fingerprint correspondences detects display structure (annulus outermost) does not present any variation, any change does not all take place in the average velocity that be described every day, almost be invariable, this is very unusual thing, so we then check fingerprint corresponding in (2) and (3).We find that the vehicle flow in these two highway sections is very high in (2) and (3), the on-board and off-board behavior distributes very frequent, analyze in conjunction with (1) one, can draw has frequently contact and the on-board and off-board here of much more very taxis in this city, but the average velocity of these taxis remains in a week and stablely do not change.We check raw data then, find that taxi cluster only actually maximum in this city is made of a vehicle, carry out correlation inquiry according to existing analysis result again, find that this taxi occurs in other area simultaneously, so we conclude that this is the mistake of hiding in the data.
As shown in Figure 8, abnormal area or the crossing found can be at the demonstration of analyzing in hot-zone detecting and road traffic flow analysis display analysis the time based on the unusual real-time monitoring display of the traffic track of vehicle historical data and statistical information, also can be at the interested highway section of analyst, generate the corresponding vehicle status data fingerprint of all vehicles in seclected time, help the flow at user monitoring specific region or crossing, and detecting is unusual.Fig. 8 the first half is the amplification of a hot spot region of (4) among Fig. 6 monitoring, and we have found the vehicle of a hypervelocity according to the definition of vehicle status data fingerprint then; Fig. 8 the latter half then is that near main crossroads these two highway sections among Fig. 7 are amplified analysis, and we find that the vehicle flowrate at this crossing has had a paroxysmal growth in one hour.
Claims (10)
1. efficient visual monitoring analysis system at extensive traffic data, it is characterized in that: be key foundation with visual " fingerprint " data model, under the situation of extensive real time data stream, the original traffic data that to collect by data conversion module is converted to visual " fingerprint " data model, this process comprised to the vehicle GPS data handle revise and with numerical map in the road net informational linkage, determine that thus the accurate position of vehicle in map is to reduce the uncertain factor in analyzing, to revise GPS numeric data later at last and be converted to visual " fingerprint " data model, generate a series of data directories simultaneously, be used for online real-time response user interactions; Receive the data directory and vehicle viewdata model of generation by visualization model after, to remove the abstract data that noise changes in the raw data to these, change into the visual form of data by built-in placement algorithm, again it is played up on screen at last; Realize abundant interactive operation by user interactive module, allow the user in time the data after handling be carried out space attribute analysis and time series analysis, thereby for the user provides hot spot region, city Auto-Sensing and analysis based on density, road traffic flow analysis based on the historical traffic flows dynamic perfromance, based on the unusual real-time monitoring analysis of the traffic track of vehicle historical data and statistical information, be flow cyclical variation characteristic in the extensive traffic data of basic real-time analysis with historical data and statistical information, find out hiding rule and mistake, thereby analyze and support for user's decision-making provides.
2. a kind of efficient visual monitoring analysis system at extensive traffic data according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: data conversion module comes GPS positioning error, numerical map sum of errors coordinate projection mapping fault are revised by map-matching algorithm.
3. a kind of efficient visual monitoring analysis system at extensive traffic data according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: by a kind of visualized data model " fingerprint " abstract concept is showed in the mode that the analyst understands easily, even numeric data becomes the visual elements of readability, as shape, color, size etc.
4. a kind of efficient visual monitoring analysis system at extensive traffic data according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: " fingerprint " model is used for monitoring and analyzing than fairly large traffic data, therefore be designed to space (S), time (T), and attribute (A) is to mapping: a S * T * A → Fingerprint of fingerprint model (Fingerprint); And " fingerprint " data model is different from traditional data models, have two data structures, numeric data after the corresponding original data processing of abstract data structure (Abstract Form), the geological information that viewdata structure (Visual Form) corresponding data shows at screen.
5. a kind of efficient visual monitoring analysis system at extensive traffic data according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: " fingerprint " model is at first selected certain space scope (S), coordinate information and the size of record selection area in fingerprint model (F), according to organizing original traffic data according to the time (T) with row and the relation of row, the delegation in the table represents a complete time period in this scope (S); The fingerprint model can add corresponding geological information territory to generate viewdata model (Visual Form) for every attribute according to the abstract data structure that defines afterwards, built-in placement algorithm can generate corresponding geological information, as the size of visualized elements border rectangle, shape type, coordinate information etc.; Three functions in conjunction with this visualized data model and system are used: for the user provides hot spot region, city Auto-Sensing and analysis based on density, based on the road traffic flow analysis of historical traffic flows dynamic perfromance, based on the unusual real-time monitoring analysis of the traffic track of vehicle historical data and statistical information; The visual structure that has designed a special use for each application reaches our the set goal pointedly; These three visual structures are respectively hot-zone data fingerprint die type, road traffic flow data fingerprint die type, with vehicle status data fingerprint model.
6. according to claim 3 with require 4 described a kind of efficient visual monitoring analysis systems at extensive traffic data, it is characterized in that: hot-zone data fingerprint die type has adopted the demonstration that realizes S * T * A → Fingerprint based on the placement algorithm of the ring-type nested structure of map, and the corresponding fingerprint position on the map has represented the space (S) that this visual structure is analyzed; Show (T) with the corresponding time attribute of the nested layout of many rings in the structure, corresponding complete time period of each ring, many rings have identical start time and concluding time, each time slicing is with fan-shaped burst correspondence, many rings are nested to make the fan-shaped burst on each ring can be presented on the position adjacent, and the color of fan-shaped burst has represented corresponding property value again.
7. according to claim 3 with require 4 described a kind of efficient visual monitoring analysis systems at extensive traffic data, it is characterized in that: road traffic flow data fingerprint die type has adopted the demonstration that realizes S * T * A → Fingerprint based on the placement algorithm of the ring-type nested structure in highway section, and the highway section of corresponding fingerprint has represented the spatial information (S) that this visual structure is analyzed on the map; Adopt the corresponding time attribute of the nested topological design of many rings of similar hot-zone data fingerprint die type to show (T) in the structure, one-piece construction toroidal radially, according to the rules angle (360/7) cuts out the fan-shaped of seven identical sizes on the annulus, each is fan-shaped to should one day the sequential in highway section showing, be divided into 24 little sections during each is fan-shaped, in corresponding one day of each section one hour; Section in fan-shaped comes corresponding attribute (A) to show with color, and different attribute (A) value will be distributed the value of a color according to the color table that designs and mapping function correspondence, and is painted to distinguish different property values in section then; While road traffic flow data fingerprint die type has added two kinds of new structures and helped analyze the magnitude of traffic flow: daily behavior display structure and abnormal behaviour detect display structure; Wherein the daily behavior display structure is positioned at the position at this fingerprint model circular ring structure center, come the value of daily behavior pattern in this highway section that display device study or data mining find out 24 hours with histogram, use simultaneously with data model attribute (A) to show that identical color table is painted, make things convenient for analysts by distinguishing the similarities and differences that color contrasts historical data and daily behavior model fast; Abnormal behaviour detects the position that display structure is positioned at this fingerprint model circular ring structure periphery, distribute equally radially, each fan-shapedly has a corresponding region (this zone and the corresponding fan-shaped equal angular on the annulus that is in) in this structure in the annulus, this corresponding region is divided into 24 sections and came corresponding 24 hours, if should the corresponding fan-shaped burst value in zone surpass the value that the daily behavior pattern calculates, can generate one so to the shape of annulus outer projection, the degree of projection to should hour with the difference size of this one hour value of daily behavior; If otherwise less than, then generate the shape to internal protrusion; This data model remains based on the abstract data structure of table and realizes, can produce corresponding index, improves the query rate of data, thereby the optimization system performance is to support the real time data query analysis.
8. according to claim 3 with require 4 described a kind of efficient visual monitoring analysis systems at extensive traffic data, it is characterized in that: vehicle status data fingerprint model adopted visual in " bionical " design philosophy (Metaphor), by the shape placement algorithm of the bionical one-tenth cell of vehicle being realized the demonstration of S * T * A → Fingerprint, the position of corresponding fingerprint has represented the position of this vehicle on the map, i.e. spatial information (S); Time attribute shows that (T) corresponds to immediate status, but shows the vehicle historical data by the cell afterbody; The corresponding attribute of vehicle (A) has comprised with color and cell body shape shows this vehicle instantaneous velocity, with the manned state of nucleus color shows vehicle, with the statistical information of this vehicle of nucleus position display; Though vehicle status data fingerprint model has adopted the cytoid Bionic Design of class, but the abstract data structure that also is based on table is realized, can produce corresponding index, and the optimization system performance is supported the real time data query analysis, simultaneously can support dynamic demonstration well, as animation etc.
9. a kind of efficient visual monitoring analysis system at extensive traffic data according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the placement algorithm of visualization model provides placement algorithm to provide three kinds of functions of three types the corresponding system of view design to select and switching for the user, be respectively the detecting of hot-zone, city and analyze demonstration, road traffic flow analysis demonstration and the demonstration of vehicle-state monitoring analysis, the numeric data that complexity is loaded down with trivial details is shown as visual and understandable visual element; This module strengthens the readability that data visualization shows by the demonstration with abstract data model and relationship map map on the analytic system, is beneficial to the user and compares the combining cartographic information analysis; Therefore the data after handling are carried out visually, the user can monitor in real time to the variation of the data collected; By offering the user based on hot spot region, the city demonstration of density, road traffic flow based on the historical traffic flows dynamic perfromance shows, based on the unusual real-time monitoring of the traffic track of vehicle historical data and statistical information, because all being based on visualized data model " fingerprint " designs, therefore can be when guaranteeing monitoring effect, the assisted user analysis.
10. a kind of efficient visual monitoring analysis system at extensive traffic data according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: visualization model is by the demonstration with abstract data model and relationship map map on the analytic system, strengthen the readability that data visualization shows, be beneficial to user's comparison and combining cartographic information analysis.
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