CN103294902A - Method for determining natural wetland restoration plan based on remote sensing images and GIS (geographic information system) spatial analyses - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for determining a natural wetland restoration plan based on remote sensing images and GIS (geographic information system) spatial analyses, relates to the method for determining the natural wetland restoration plan, and solves the problems that a conventional natural wetland restoration plan rather focuses on analyses of positioning than researching from a quantitative angle and combining with a GIS spatial analysis technology sufficiently. The method includes steps of 1), acquiring initial data and unifying the same; 2), utilizing the initial data to calculate landscape structure factors, DEM (digital elevation model) data to calculate humidity index and NPP (net primary product) data to divide cultivated land productivity grades; 3), subjecting the landscape structure factors, rivers/roads/ density data, terrain data, the humidity index and the cultivated land productivity level acquired in the step 2) to grading, and a wetland to restoration evaluation; 4), determining the wetland restoration plan combined with the GIS spatial analyses and according to wetland restoration evaluation results acquired in the step 3). The method is widely applicable to determination of large-scale wetland restoration plans.

Description

A kind of method of determining the natural wetland recovery scheme based on remote sensing image and GIS spatial analysis

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of method of definite natural wetland recovery scheme.

Background technology

Because excessively development and utilization causes global wetland to disappear and degeneration, has caused serious ecological microcomputer and social concern, therefore, realize that in conjunction with Nature and Man worker means wetland recovers extremely urgent.Wetland recovers to refer to by ecological technique or ecological engineering the wetland of degenerating or disappear to be repaired or rebuild, and reproduces the 26S Proteasome Structure and Function before disturbing, and relevant physics, chemistry and biology characteristic, makes it bring into play due effect.In recent years, along with the increase of mankind's activity, the wetlands ecosystems serious degradation had caused a series of regional environmental problems such as weather exsiccation, groundwater table decreasing, soil degradation and fertility exhaustion, animal and plant resource minimizing, increasing environmental pollution.Remote sensing image and GIS spatial analysis are technological means, explore the recovery scheme of regional nature wetland, and be significant for the improvement of region environment.

Traditional wetland restoration methods is paid attention to the analysis of location, do not study from quantitative angle, and not fully in conjunction with GIS spatial analysis technology.

Summary of the invention

The present invention is in order to solve the analysis of paying attention to the location from traditional wetland restoration methods, do not study from quantitative angle, and do not have fully the problem in conjunction with GIS spatial analysis technology, thereby a kind of method of determining the natural wetland recovery scheme based on remote sensing image and GIS space is provided.

A kind ofly determine the method for natural wetland recovery scheme based on remote sensing image and GIS spatial analysis, it comprises the steps:

Step 1: obtain primary data, and unified to primary data;

Described primary data comprises land use data, dem data, river/roading density data, relief data and NPP product data;

Step 2: utilize primary data to calculate the landscape structure factor respectively, dem data calculates humidity index, and the NPP product data are divided arable land yield-power grade;

Step 3: the step 2 acquisition landscape structure factor, river/roading density data, relief data, humidity index, arable land yield-power are carried out the grade assignment, and wetland is recovered assessment;

Step 4: the wetland that obtains according to step 3 recovers assessment result, in conjunction with the GIS spatial analysis, determines the wetland recovery scheme.

The present invention studies from quantitative angle, fully carries out determining of natural wetland recovery scheme in conjunction with GIS spatial analysis technology.Compare with traditional wetland restoration methods and to have the following advantages: at first, adopt and utilize the powerful spatial analysis technology of GIS to carry out data analysis and processing, can access result more accurately; Secondly, utilize the remote sensing means to realize that wetland recovers, can realize that large-scale wetland recovers; At last, fully combine the factor of influence that wetland recovers, formulate the wetland recovery scheme from comprehensive angle.The wetland area can be improved 20%～40% through the wetland recovery scheme of formulating.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a kind of process flow diagram of determining the method for natural wetland recovery scheme based on remote sensing image and GIS spatial analysis of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the synoptic diagram in wetland priority restores zone, the Three River Plain described in the specific embodiment;

Fig. 3 is the synoptic diagram in time preferential territory, recovery district of Three River Plain wetland described in the specific embodiment.

Embodiment

Embodiment one, in conjunction with Fig. 1 this embodiment is described.A kind ofly determine the method for natural wetland recovery scheme based on remote sensing image and GIS spatial analysis, it comprises the steps:

Step 1: obtain primary data, and unified to primary data;

Described primary data comprises land use data, dem data, river/roading density data, relief data and NPP product data;

Step 2: utilize primary data to calculate the landscape structure factor respectively, dem data calculates humidity index, and the NPP product data are divided arable land yield-power grade;

Step 3: the step 2 acquisition landscape structure factor, river/roading density data, relief data, humidity index, arable land yield-power are carried out the grade assignment, and wetland is recovered assessment;

Step 4: the wetland that obtains according to step 3 recovers assessment result, in conjunction with the GIS spatial analysis, determines the wetland recovery scheme.

Detailed step of the present invention is:

A kind ofly determine the method for natural wetland recovery scheme based on remote sensing image and GIS spatial analysis, it comprises the steps:

Step 1: obtain primary data, and unified to primary data;

Described primary data comprises land use data, dem data (mathematics elevation model data), river/roading density data, relief data and NPP product data;

Step 1 is described, and unification comprises the grid and unified projection that primary data is changed into same size to primary data;

The grid of described same size is the grid of 30m * 30m size;

The described Universal Transverse Mercator Projection that is projected as, wherein central meridian is 105 ° of east longitudes.

The described process of utilizing primary data to calculate the landscape structure factor of step 2 is:

The described landscape structure factor comprises maximum patch index LPI, concentration class Index A I and scatters and column index IJI also;

The computing method of described maximum patch index LPI are:

$\frac{\underset{j=1}{\overset{n}{\max }}\left(a_{\mathrm{ij}}\right)}{A}\left(100\right)\%$

The computing method of aggregate index AI are:

$\left(\frac{g_{\mathrm{ij}}}{\max -g_{\mathrm{ij}}}\right)\left(100\right)\%$

Scatter with and the computing method of column index IJI be:

$\frac{-\underset{r=1}{\overset{m}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\underset{k=r+1}{\overset{m}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}[\left(\frac{e_{\mathrm{rk}}}{E}\right)\ln \left(\frac{e_{\mathrm{rk}}}{E}\right)}{\ln \left(0.5\right[m(m-1)\left]\right)}\left(100\right)\%$

Wherein, A is plaque area; a _IjIt is the view area; g _IjBe the type i grid unit number adjacent with type j; Max is the maximum number of the type i grid unit adjacent with type j; e _RkBe the length of the common boundary between adjacent view r, the k; E is the total length of all view type common boundaries; N is the type sum, and m is the sum of plaque type in the view.

The described NPP product data of step 2 are divided arable land yield-power grade and are comprised low yield, middle product, high yield;

The NPP product data are to utilize the CASA model to extract from the intermediate-resolution imaging spectrometer data to obtain, and＜-10 is low yield;-10-10 is middle product;＞10 is high yield.

The CASA model is to be proposed by people such as Potter in 1993, and full name is Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach, does not also have the appellation of Chinese implication at present, is a kind of method of calculating net primary productivity.

Step 3: the step 2 acquisition landscape structure factor, river/roading density data, relief data, humidity index, arable land yield-power are carried out the grade assignment, and wetland is recovered assessment;

Step 3 is described carries out the grade assignment to the step 2 acquisition landscape structure factor, river/roading density data, relief data, humidity index, arable land yield-power, and concrete valuation scheme is:

In the landscape structure factor, maximum patch index LPI grade assignment is: 0-30% assignment 0,30%-50% assignment 3,50%-100% assignment 5; Aggregate index AI assignment is: 0-30% assignment 0,30%-50% assignment 3,50%-100% assignment 5, scatter with and column index IJI assignment be: 0-30% assignment 5,30%-50% assignment 3,50%-100% assignment 0;

In river/roading density, the grade assignment of river density is: 0-0.3 assignment 0,0.3-0.7 assignment 3,＞0.7 assignment 5.; The grade assignment of roading density is: 0-0.3 assignment 5,0.3-0.7 assignment 3,＞0.7 assignment 0;

The humidity index value scope of calculating according to power 4 is :-10-26.5, and valuation scheme is :-10-5.5 assignment is that 0,5.6-12.5 assignment is that 3,12.5-26.5 assignment is 5;

In relief data, the valley flat assignment is 5; The depression assignment is 3; Other equal assignment is 0;

The NPP product hierarchy is divided valuation scheme: the high yield assignment is 0; Middle product assignment is 3; The low yield assignment is 5.

Utilize GIS Geographic Information System space overlay analysis technology, the data after view structure factor, river/roading density data, relief data, humidity index, the arable land yield-power grade assignment are superposeed, obtain the distribution results that wetland recovers assessed value.

Obtain to utilize GIS spatial analysis technology that each factor is carried out overlap-add procedure after the landscape structure factor, river/roading density data, relief data, humidity index, the arable land productivity factors, just can obtain final wetland restoration result; River/roading density data also are to be obtained from original river/road vectors extracting data by the GIS spatial analysis functions in addition.

Step 4: the wetland that obtains according to step 3 recovers assessment result, in conjunction with the GIS spatial analysis, determines the wetland recovery scheme.

Described step 4: the wetland that obtains according to step 3 recovers assessment result, in conjunction with the GIS spatial analysis, determines that the process of wetland recovery scheme is:

Step 41: wetland recovers assessment result in the obtaining step three;

Step 42: judge that point value of evaluation is whether within the 32-42 mark; Recover if then carry out the zone, otherwise enter step 43;

Step 43: judge that point value of evaluation is whether within the 22-32 mark; Recover if then carry out the zone, otherwise enter step 44;

Step 44: obtain residue wetland information, wouldn't recover.

Specific embodiment: this specific embodiment is described in conjunction with Fig. 2 and Fig. 3.

The natural wetland restoration methods of utilizing remote sensing to combine with GIS realizes the recovery of natural wetland space, the Three River Plain.The concrete operations step is as follows:

Obtain the Plain data, raw data is handled, the data that relate to comprise land use data; Dem data; River, roading density data; The NPP product data of relief data and Modis.Land use data is obtained through the artificial visual decipher by the TM remote sensing image; River, road vectors data are extracted from land use data and are obtained, and under the ArcGIS9.3 data processing platform (DPP), utilize Line Density order to generate river, roading density figure respectively.Relief data adopts ten thousand geomorphologic map scannings in 1: 25, digitizing and cartographic generaliztion to generate, and according to analysis demand in the literary composition, geomorphic type is divided into: valley flat, depression and other types.The NPP index that the arable land yield-power is taked to use always reflects the arable land yield-power, NPP refers to organic dry that green plants can accumulate on unit interval and unit area, it can embody ecosystem yield-power with unified scale calibration, is the yield-power measurement index of well ploughing.

Above data are all arrived under the same coordinate system and the projection by unified.Being projected as of adopting is Universal Transverse Mercator Projection, and adopts the unified central meridian in the whole nation, and central meridian is 105 ° of east longitudes, and all data all are unified into the grid of 30m * 30m grid size.

Select the landscape structure factor, river and roading density, humidity index, geomorphologic conditions, five wetlands of arable land yield-power to recover index factor respectively, adopt the spatial analysis model, design wetland recovery scheme.Wherein landscape structure has reflected regional Landscape Ecology, in conjunction with view index feature, selects maximum patch index LPI, concentration class Index A I and scatters with column index IJI also as the landscape structure factor, and is as shown in table 1.

Table 1 landscape index and ecological connotation thereof

But the dried wet situation of soil moisture is the most frequently used index of static soil moisture content in the humidity index quantitative simulation basin, can be used as the important references index that wetland recovers, and humidity index utilizes dem data to extract and obtains.The NPP data are to utilize the CASA model from the Modis extracting data, according to result of calculation, NPP result of calculation are converted into Three Estate, are respectively: low yield, middle product, high yield.

In conjunction with result and the grade classification thereof that index factor is analyzed, make up wetland and recover the spatial decision model; Each index factor grade classification is as shown in table 2.

Table 2 the Northeast wetland recovers each index grade assignment table

According to the score value of each index rating calculation, in conjunction with the natural wetland feature, determine natural wetland space recovery decision model.

Recover decision model according to the wetland of formulating, in conjunction with GIS spatial analysis technology, determine preferential, the inferior preferential recovery scheme of regional wetland.On the basis of data analysis, processing in conjunction with GIS spatial analysis technology, obtain the space distribution that the Northeast's wetland recovers, and according to table 2 mark divided rank, recover decision-making in conjunction with the natural wetland space, can construct territory, preferential, the inferior preferential recovery district of natural wetland in the zone, wherein, priority level is that recent wetland recovers the zone, inferior medium-term and long-term wetland recovery plan, the connectedness of promoting priority restores wetland patch of being preferably.Finally obtain territory, preferential, the inferior preferential recovery district of Three River Plain wetland shown in Fig. 2,3.

As seen from the figure, wetland recovers to be primarily aimed at the lower plains region of height above sea level, mainly concentrates on northeast and the middle part of the Three River Plain.Fig. 2 shows, the priority wetland recovers to be distributed in the whole zone of the Three River Plain, mainly being distributed in following two positions, at first is to be positioned at open water body periphery such as river, lake, and these regional nature environment are relatively poor, land utilization ratio is relatively low, and near water body, wetland recovers than being easier to regional arable land and the meadow that is positioned at the plains region of another part priority recovery, these regional arable land yield-power are relatively low, revert to wetland and are conducive to big local area ecological system coordination; There is minority priority restores zone to be the meadow; Territory, inferior preferential recovery district area is more with respect to priority level, and mainly being increases the connectedness that the priority level wetland recovers, and optimizes the wetland landscape general layout, relative and priority restores rank, and the patch of inferior preferential recovery is bigger.Wherein, priority level recovery area is 1.08 * 10 ⁵Hm ², inferior preferential recovery area is 1.21 * 10 ⁶Hm ², account for 1.29%, 3.67% of the existing Three River Plain total area respectively, improved 30.58% with respect to Three River Plain wetland area in 2000, can provide the data reference for the enforcement that Three River Plain wetland recovers.

Claims (7)

1. determine the method for natural wetland recovery scheme to it is characterized in that it comprises the steps: based on remote sensing image and GIS spatial analysis for one kind

Step 1: obtain primary data, and unified to primary data;

Described primary data comprises land use data, dem data, river and roading density data, relief data and NPP product data;

Step 2: utilize primary data to calculate the landscape structure factor respectively, dem data calculates humidity index, and the NPP product data are divided arable land yield-power grade;

Step 3: step 2 is obtained the landscape structure factor, river and roading density data, relief data, humidity index, arable land yield-power carry out the grade assignment, and wetland is recovered assessment;

Step 4: the wetland that obtains according to step 3 recovers assessment result, in conjunction with the GIS spatial analysis, determines the wetland recovery scheme.

2. according to claim 1ly a kind ofly determine the method for natural wetland recovery scheme based on remote sensing image and GIS spatial analysis, it is characterized in that described unification comprises the grid and unified projection that primary data is changed into same size to step 1 to primary data;

The grid of described same size is the grid of 30m * 30m size;

The described Universal Transverse Mercator Projection that is projected as, wherein central meridian is 105 ° of east longitudes.

3. according to claim 1 and 2ly a kind ofly determine the method for natural wetland recovery scheme to it is characterized in that the described process of utilizing primary data to calculate the landscape structure factor of step 2 is based on remote sensing image and GIS spatial analysis:

The described landscape structure factor comprises maximum patch index LPI, concentration class Index A I and scatters and column index IJI also;

The computing method of described maximum patch index LPI are:

$\frac{\underset{j=1}{\overset{n}{\max }}\left(a_{\mathrm{ij}}\right)}{A}\left(100\right)\%$

The computing method of aggregate index AI are:

$\left(\frac{g_{\mathrm{ij}}}{\max -g_{\mathrm{ij}}}\right)\left(100\right)\%$

Scatter with and the computing method of column index IJI be:

$\frac{-\underset{r=1}{\overset{m}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\underset{k=r+1}{\overset{m}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}[\left(\frac{e_{\mathrm{rk}}}{E}\right)\ln \left(\frac{e_{\mathrm{rk}}}{E}\right)}{\ln \left(0.5\right[m(m-1)\left]\right)}\left(100\right)\%$

Wherein, A is plaque area; a _IjIt is the view area; g _IjBe the type i grid unit number adjacent with type j; Max is the maximum number of the type i grid unit adjacent with type j; e _RkBe the length of the common boundary between adjacent view r, the k; E is the total length of all view type common boundaries; N is the type sum, and m is the sum of plaque type in the view.

4. describedly a kind ofly determine the method for natural wetland recovery scheme based on remote sensing image and GIS spatial analysis according to claim 1 or 3, it is characterized in that the described NPP product data of step 2 divide arable land yield-power grade and comprise low yield, middle product, high yield;

The NPP product data are to utilize the CASA model to extract from the intermediate-resolution imaging spectrometer data to obtain, and＜-10 is low yield;-10-10 is middle product;＞10 is high yield.

5. a kind of method of determining the natural wetland recovery scheme based on remote sensing image and GIS spatial analysis according to claim 4, it is characterized in that step 3 is described obtains the landscape structure factor, river/roading density data, relief data, humidity index, arable land yield-power to step 2 and carries out the grade assignment, and concrete valuation scheme is:

In the landscape structure factor, maximum patch index LPI grade assignment is: 0-30% assignment 0,30%-50% assignment 3,50%-100% assignment 5; Aggregate index AI assignment is: 0-30% assignment 0,30%-50% assignment 3,50%-100% assignment 5, scatter with and column index IJI assignment be: 0-30% assignment 5,30%-50% assignment 3,50%-100% assignment 0;

In river/roading density, the grade assignment of river density is: 0-0.3 assignment 0,0.3-0.7 assignment 3,＞0.7 assignment 5.; The grade assignment of roading density is: 0-0.3 assignment 5,0.3-0.7 assignment 3,＞0.7 assignment 0;

The humidity index value scope of calculating according to power 4 is :-10-26.5, and valuation scheme is :-10-5.5 assignment is that 0,5.6-12.5 assignment is that 3,12.5-26.5 assignment is 5;

In relief data, the valley flat assignment is 5; The depression assignment is 3; Other equal assignment is 0;

The NPP product hierarchy is divided valuation scheme: the high yield assignment is 0; Middle product assignment is 3; The low yield assignment is 5.

6. according to claim 5ly a kind ofly determine the method for natural wetland recovery scheme to it is characterized in that described step 3 based on remote sensing image and GIS spatial analysis: obtain the landscape structure factor, river/roading density data, relief data, humidity index, arable land yield-power grade according to step 2 and carry out the process that wetland recovers assessment and be:

Data after view structure factor, river/roading density data, relief data, humidity index, the arable land yield-power grade assignment are superposeed, obtain the distribution results that wetland recovers assessed value.

7. a kind of method of determining the natural wetland recovery scheme based on remote sensing image and GIS spatial analysis according to claim 6, it is characterized in that described step 4: the wetland that obtains according to step 3 recovers assessment result, in conjunction with the GIS spatial analysis, determine that the process of wetland recovery scheme is:

Step 41: wetland recovers assessment result in the obtaining step three;

Step 42: judge that point value of evaluation is whether within the 32-42 mark; Recover if then carry out the zone, otherwise enter step 43:

Step 43: judge that point value of evaluation is whether within the 22-32 mark; Recover if then carry out the zone, otherwise enter step 44;

Step 44: obtain residue wetland information, wouldn't recover.

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