CN103257382A - Scattering method based on differences of refractive index in media and porous scattering material - Google Patents
Scattering method based on differences of refractive index in media and porous scattering material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a scattering method based on differences of refractive index in media and a porous scattering material. According to the scattering method based on the differences of the refractive index in the media and the porous scattering material, the travelling direction of light is disturbed by using refraction or total reflection among the transparent media, and scattered light high in transmittance is obtained. The refraction or the total reflection among the transparent media is interfaces formed on the surface of a colorless and transparent scatterer which is scattered in the uniform and transparent media. Two sides of the interfaces have the different refractive index. The refractive index of the colorless and transparent scatterer is different from the refractive index of the uniform and transparent media. According to the scattering method based on the differences of the refractive index in the media and the porous scattering material, the colorless and transparent material is used, no transmission light barrier layer is arranged, a refraction angle or a reflection angle of the colorless and transparent scatterer is large, the linear degree of the light transmitting through the colorless and transparent scatterer is large, the number of the interfaces is few, so that the diffuseness effect is good, the linear degree and density of the scatterer can be selected and adjusted, luminous efficiency is high, and therefore the satisfactory scattering effect is obtained.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the light optics field, relate to scattering method and material, particularly based on scattering method and the poriness scattering material of refractive index difference in the medium.
Background technology
Along with the development of light source technology, the specific power density of light source constantly increases, considerably beyond human limit visual capacity.The efficient of illumination is not only relevant with light source (lamp), and is also relevant with light fixture.Reduce dazzle in the past and adopt frosted glass, the refraction of corrugated glass, uprise brightness, pointolite is area source.Along with the raising of people's living standard, the pursuit pay attention to day by day attractive in appearance to light fixture.Frosted glass has the high advantage of transmittance, but covering property is low, sees through the fuzzy shape that frosted glass still can be seen light source.In recent years, domestic light fixture trend is that the frosted glass light fixture is difficult to find, replace at the very thin ivory paint of clear glass surface silk screen seal one deck, daylight lamp in the light fixture or electricity-saving lamp have illuminated the fitting glass of this layer band paint, the paint entire body is shinny, sensation is as the frosted glass under the light, but the measuring and calculating light efficiency descends huge.As, the light fixture of 3 * 55W trichromatic energy saving lamp, illuminating effect is similar with the brightness of the 40W daylight lamp～55W electricity-saving lamp of original employing frosted glass light fixture, and unique difference is the light fixture after covering by paint, can't see the profile of tangible electricity-saving lamp luminous lamp tube.Table 1 is the light-transmission coefficient of various glass on certain handbook.
The light-transmission coefficient of several glass of table 1
As shown in Table 1, the light transmission extreme difference of opal glass, this is consistent with the impression in the daily life.Attractive in appearance and energy-conserving and environment-protective have formed great contrast, and this and the energy-conservation trend in the world are incompatible with.How to change the light transmission efficiency of diffused light generating means, satisfy covering property simultaneously again.Analyze milky lampshade glass or milky incandescent lamp glass bulb, the very thin milky white chromatograph of one deck is all arranged.Titanium dioxide has whiteness height, advantage that reflectivity is high; but producing diffused light by opal glass on the light source is transmitted light; it or not reflected light; the titanium dioxide particle can stop the light propagation; although intergranular reflectivity height; this luminous flux of seriously having decayed that repeatedly reflects, this faulty diffuse reflection method greatly reduces illumination efficiency for a long time.
Summary of the invention
Transmissivity at existing diffused light generation device itself is low, the high defective of screening rate of device the selection of material itself, the present invention is by the Optical characteristics research of basic optical analysis, natural light phenomenon analysis and research, transparent inorganic material and transparent polymer polymkeric substance, the acquisition methods of the light scattering method that has obtained diffuse reflection rule that suitable engineering uses and corresponding high-transmission rate and corresponding optical material.
Basic functional principle is based on light reflectivity R and the transmissivity T relation of transparent medium.The computing formula of the reflectivity R on transparent medium surface
For example, when the refractive index n of glass '=1.5, and the refractive index n of air=1.0, result of calculation is R=0.04, and namely each surface reflectivity of glass plate is about 4%, and the transmissivity T of water white white glass plate has only 92.16%, so the total reflectivity Rt of colourless white glass plate
The white glass plate=1-T=1-92.16%=7.84%.The transmissivity of the colourless white glass plate of N layer has only T
N
The present invention utilizes refraction between the transparent medium or total reflection to upset the direct of travel of light, obtain the high scattered light of transmissivity, refraction between the described transparent medium or total reflection system are dispersed in the interface that the water white scatterer surface in the homogeneous transparent medium forms, and there is different refractive indexes the both sides at interface; Water white scatterer refractive index n ' variant with the refractive index n of even matter transparent material, both differences can just can be born.Described scatterer is spheroid or irregular body.
Water white scatterer refractive index n preferably ' be lower than the refractive index n of homogeneous materials, scatterer is the concavees lens effect, causes the local large-area total reflection of scatterer, improves the angle of divergence of single scatterer, reduces inner retrodirective reflection, reduces the light loss consumption; The scatterer dimension is submillimeter rank～1 millimeter,
The scatterer dimension is submillimeter rank～1 millimeter, the distribution of scatterer in the homogeneous transparent medium is along the light direct of travel, it is homogeneous transparent dielectric thickness direction, its density value is 2～6, be no more than 12, optimum density is between 2～4, and control scatterer dimension and density can be adjusted dispersion effect.
Water white scattering of the present invention (ball) body forms by crystallization or foaming, can limit the difference of refractive index of homogeneous transparent medium and water white scatterer more among a small circle, weaken two kinds of reflectivity between the different medium interface, improve the light emission rate of scattered light.
Water white scatterer of the present invention forms by crystallization or foaming; Can control crystallite dimension in the transparent uniform dielectric by the temperature retention time of raw material selection and material temperature, mould, form inorganic devitrified glass or form multicrystal macromolecular material;
Water white scatterer of the present invention forms by crystallization or foaming; Mix gas under water white transparency inorganics or water white melt polymer material state, the bubble of formation transparent medium parcel also is evenly distributed in the medium.
Carrier of the present invention, can be hard transparent material, as the macromolecular material of flint glass, high light transmittance, as organic glass (polymethylmethacrylate, PMMA), poly-n-butyl methacrylate (PBA), polystyrene (PS), polycarbonate (PC), Kynoar (PVDF), polyester (PET) also can be the flexible high molecular material film, or the light fixture of macromolecular material or the place that need produce diffused light inorganic at transparent hard by the form of pad pasting.
Material therefor water white transparency of the present invention, no transmitted light restraining barrier, water white scatterer refraction or reflection angle are big, and the dimension of the water white scatterer of light experience is big, number of interfaces is few, it is good to have diffusive, can select and adjust scatterer dimension and density, makes the light extraction efficiency height, to obtain satisfied dispersion effect, and the implementation variation, the manufacture craft maturation, with low cost.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is that the present invention is about dieletric reflection rate curve figure.
Accompanying drawing 2 is light whereabouts figure in the dull and stereotyped G1 of transparent medium of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing 3(a) is multi-layer transparent media plate master transmitted light synoptic diagram of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing 3(b) be that the retrodirective reflection light of multi-layer transparent media plate of the present invention is to the synoptic diagram that influences of emergent light.
Accompanying drawing 4 has the transparent medium spheroid of convex lens effect to the synoptic diagram that influences of light refraction direction for the present invention.
Accompanying drawing 5 is band different refractivity transparent medium spheroid group's of the present invention optical scattering plate structure synoptic diagram.
Accompanying drawing 6 is the projection sectional area ratio synoptic diagram that total reflection takes place for homogeneous transparent medium of the present invention and air bubble interface.
Embodiment
Set forth the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
The theory of computation of foundation of the present invention and derivation thereof:
Accompanying drawing 1 is the dieletric reflection rate curve figure of foundation of the present invention, and material is taken from Figure 12-13 of home country's light, war unit order volume " optics " (People's Education Publishing House, 1978.9 first publisheds).Curve I among the figure, curve II, curve III are corresponding respectively: be parallel to the reflectivity Rp of plane of incidence vibration (polarized light), perpendicular to the reflectivity Rs of plane of incidence vibration (polarized light) and the reflectivity R of natural light, the longitudinal axis represents reflectivity R, and transverse axis is incident angle i.The corresponding curve III of common nonpolarized light (natural light).As seen from Figure 1, incident angle i 40 ° almost constant with interior reflectivity R, reflectivity depends on formula:
N ', n are respectively the refractive index of the different medium of both sides, interface in the formula (1).The refractive index n of general glass '=about 1.5, and the refractive index n of air=1.0, the refractive index R=0.0400 that calculates (4.00%).
1. the reflectivity of single transparent media plate and transmissivity are derived:
Accompanying drawing 2 is a branch of light with the dull and stereotyped G1 of little incident angle irradiation transparent medium, and the first incident light E1 is radiated at the upper surface Su of the dull and stereotyped G1 of transparent medium, and reflection produces the first reflected light R1 and refraction and produces first and come and go light D1.First comes and goes the lower surface Sd that light D1 propagates into the dull and stereotyped G1 of transparent medium, generates second through boundary reflection and comes and goes light D2, and reflectivity meets formula (1), generates the first emergent light O1 through lower surface Sd refraction; The relative intensity of each light: the first incident light E1=100%, the first reflected light R1=[(n '-n)/(n '+n)]
2(%)=R(is according to formula (1)), first comes and goes light D1=1-R1=1-R(%), second comes and goes light D2=RD1=R (1-R) (%), the first emergent light O1=D1
2=(1-R)
2(%).
Continue to follow the tracks of light whereabouts and intensity in the dull and stereotyped G1 of transparent medium, second comes and goes light D2 at the upper surface Su of the dull and stereotyped G1 of transparent medium, produces the 3rd through reflection and comes and goes light D3, produces the second reflected light R2 through refraction; Its relative intensity: the 3rd comes and goes light D3=RD2=R
2D1=R
2(1-R) (%), second reflected light R2=(1-R) D2=(1-R) RD1=R (1-R)
2(%).
The 3rd comes and goes the lower surface Sd that light D3 propagates into the dull and stereotyped G1 of transparent medium, generates the 4th through reflection and comes and goes light D4, and reflectivity meets formula (1), generates the second emergent light O2 through lower surface Sd refraction; The relative intensity of each light: the 4th comes and goes light D4=RD3=R
2D2=R
3D1=R
3(1-R) (%), second emergent light O2=(1-R) D3=(1-R) RD2=(1-R) R
2D1=R
2(1-R)
2
The 4th comes and goes light D4 at the upper surface Su of the dull and stereotyped G1 of transparent medium, produces the 5th through reflection and comes and goes light D5, produces the 3rd reflected light R3 through refraction; The relative intensity of each light: the 5th comes and goes light D5=R
4(1-R) (%), the 3rd reflected light R3=R
3(1-R)
2(%).
The 5th comes and goes the lower surface Sd that light D5 propagates into the dull and stereotyped G1 of transparent medium, generates the 6th through reflection and comes and goes light D6, and reflectivity meets formula (1), generates the 3rd emergent light O3 through lower surface Sd refraction; The relative intensity of each light: the 6th comes and goes light D6=R
5(1-R) (%), the 3rd emergent light O3=R
4(1-R)
2(%).
Total transmitted light T1=O1+O2+O3+ ...=(1+R
2+ R
4+ ...) (1-R)
2(%) (2)
Total reflected light Rt1=R1+R2+R3+ ...=R+R (1-R)
2+ R
3(1-R)
2+ ... (%) (3)
Wherein, reflectivity R is determined by formula (1), finally depends on the refractive index n of two media ' and n.Work as n '=1.5, n=1.0, boundary reflection rate R=0.04(4%), R
410
-6The order of magnitude, R
510
-7The order of magnitude is ignored so O4 and R4 can be used as dimensionless,
Total transmitted light T1=0.923077 of the dull and stereotyped G1 correspondence of transparent medium.
The total reflected light Rt1=1-T1=0.076923 of the dull and stereotyped G1 correspondence of transparent medium.
More than calculating the absorptivity of all establishing the dull and stereotyped G1 of transparent medium is 0.
2. the dull and stereotyped parallel overlapping transmissivity of the transparent medium that multilayer is identical is derived:
Accompanying drawing 3(a) is the parallel overlapping direct transmitted light down of the dull and stereotyped G1～G3 of the identical transparent medium of multilayer (after not considering the dull and stereotyped Gi reflection of transparent medium, by last layer transparent medium flat board G
I-1, G
I-2The contribution of secondary reflection again), total transmitted light T1 of the dull and stereotyped G1 of transparent medium equals the incident light E2 of the dull and stereotyped G2 of transparent medium, total transmitted light T2 of the dull and stereotyped G2 of transparent medium equals total incident light E3 of the dull and stereotyped G3 of transparent medium, total transmitted light T3 of the dull and stereotyped G3 of transparent medium equals total incident light E4 of the dull and stereotyped G4 of transparent medium, and the rest may be inferred by analogy for it.Ignoring catoptrical contribution and do not existing under the prerequisite of medium absorption, total transmitted light T3=E4=T1 of the dull and stereotyped G3 of transparent medium
3=0.786527(reflectivity R gets 0.04).
Because the reverse reflected light Ii that advances of the dull and stereotyped Gi of lower floor's transparent medium has illuminated the dull and stereotyped G of last layer transparent medium
I-1With the dull and stereotyped G of last last layer transparent medium
I-2, the dull and stereotyped G of transparent medium
I-1With the dull and stereotyped G of transparent medium
I-2The light of secondary reflection finally can shine on the upper surface of the dull and stereotyped Gi self of transparent medium again.Because the reversibility of light path can be applied mechanically calculating formula (2) and formula (3), as long as check out the number of times of reflection or the refraction of light channel structure, just can calculate final result.Accompanying drawing 3(b) E1-E2-E3-E4 and accompanying drawing 3(a) the same, be direct transmitted light.E4 ' is (reverse) reflected light of the dull and stereotyped G2 of transparent medium, through the reflection of the dull and stereotyped G1 of transparent medium from lower surface, again through the transmission of the dull and stereotyped G2 of transparent medium and the dull and stereotyped G3 of transparent medium, to the contribution of the emergent light T3 of the dull and stereotyped G3 of transparent medium;
E4 " be (reverse) reflected light of the dull and stereotyped G3 of transparent medium, reflect from lower surface through the dull and stereotyped G2 of transparent medium again, reenter the contribution of the emergent light T3 of the dull and stereotyped G3 of transparent medium;
E4 " ' be (reverse) reflected light of the dull and stereotyped G3 of transparent medium; after the transmission of the dull and stereotyped G2 of transparent medium, shine the lower surface of the dull and stereotyped G1 of transparent medium; and by the dull and stereotyped G1 of transparent medium after the lower surface reflection; again through the transmission of the dull and stereotyped G2 of transparent medium and the dull and stereotyped G3 of transparent medium, to the contribution of the emergent light T3 of the dull and stereotyped G3 of transparent medium;
E4 ' has been Duoed the reflection of the dull and stereotyped G1 of twice transparent medium and G2 than E4, so the intensity of E4 ': T1
3Rt1
2=0.005917T1
3=0.005917E4.
E4 " Duoed the reflection of the dull and stereotyped G3 of twice transparent medium and G2 than E4, so E4 " intensity identical with E4 ': T1
3Rt1
2=0.005917T1
3=0.005917E4.
E4 " intensity of ' Duoed the reflection of the dull and stereotyped G3 of twice transparent medium and G1 than E4, many again twice (forward and reverse) transmissions are through the dull and stereotyped G2 of transparent medium, so E4 " ': T1
5Rt1
2=0.005917T1
5=0.005917T1
2E4=0.852071 * 0.005917E4.
The dull and stereotyped G of transparent medium
I-1And G
I-2Retrodirective reflection is contributed the light emission rate of the dull and stereotyped Gi of the 3 stacked transparent mediums that close: E '+E "+E " '=0.016876E4; Total light emission rate=1.016876E4=80.0% of 3 layers of water white transparency media plate G.E4 wherein is the direct transmitted light (%) of the dull and stereotyped G1～G3 of transparent medium.
By that analogy, dull and stereotyped G is of five storeys when transparent medium, from the transmitted intensity T5=T1 of the direct outgoing of the dull and stereotyped G5 of transparent medium
5=0.670177, the reverse reflected light of advancing of each layer generation, except the dull and stereotyped G1 of transparent medium, other contributive reflections have 10 kinds of arrangements.
The retrodirective reflection light of the dull and stereotyped G2 of transparent medium is to the outgoing contribution of the dull and stereotyped G5 of transparent medium: T1
5Rt1
2
The retrodirective reflection light of the dull and stereotyped G3 of transparent medium, divide 2 the tunnel to the outgoing contribution of the dull and stereotyped G5 of transparent medium:
T1
5Rt1
2+T1
5·T1
2Rt1
2
The retrodirective reflection light of the dull and stereotyped G4 of transparent medium, divide 3 the tunnel to the outgoing contribution of the dull and stereotyped G5 of transparent medium:
T1
5Rt1
2+T1
5·T1
2Rt1
2+T1
5·T1
4Rt1
2
The retrodirective reflection light of the dull and stereotyped G5 of transparent medium, divide 4 the tunnel to the outgoing contribution of the dull and stereotyped G5 of transparent medium:
T1
5Rt1
2+T1
5·T1
2Rt1
2+T1
5·T1
4Rt1
2+T1
5·T1
6Rt1
2
The number percent that retrodirective reflection light accounts for direct emergent light is:
Rt1
2（4+3T1
2+2T1
4+T1
6）=8.626888Rt1
2=0.051046
The integral light-transmitting rate of 5 layers of water white transparency media plate G is 70.4%.
3. the medium scattering model that contains the transparent medium spheroid of different refractivity
Accompanying drawing 4 has provided a directional light irradiation transparent medium spheroid model, and according to refraction law n ' sin i '=nsin i, a side incident angle or emergence angle that refractive index is big are little, and emergent light is advanced to all directions.Spheroid refractive index n among the figure ' refractive index n of ﹥ spheroid external agency, spheroid presents the convex lens effect, and light converges in spheroid inside, with reference to the accompanying drawings 1, the marginal portion of spheroid is under the angle of grazing, and reflectivity R is high, when incident angle between 80～90 °, reflectivity R is between 0.55～1.0; If the spheroid refractive index n ' refractive index n of ﹤ spheroid external agency, according to existing knowledge in conjunction with verification experimental verification, obtain following inference: 1. spheroid presents the concavees lens effect, 2. enter the divergence of beam of spheroid inside, the angle that emergent light comprises is wider, scattering effect is stronger, and 3. extraneous light is radiated at spheroid edge generation total reflection phenomenon, makes that the efficient of emergent light is higher.
4. improve the method for transparent medium transmissivity
Derivation and result of calculation according to the transmissivity after the dull and stereotyped G1 of aforementioned transparent medium～Gi multilayer stack, every through a refractive index n '=1.5 water white transparency media plate Gi, the transmissivity Ti=92.3% of the dull and stereotyped Gi of each piece transparent medium, reflectivity Ri=1-Ti, dull and stereotyped G is more many for the transparent medium of experience, total transmittance is more low, and total reflectivity is more high.According to formula (1), can obtain following inference: the value of working as n ', n is more approaching, and R is more little for reflectivity, also is that the transmissivity T=1-R of the dull and stereotyped Gi of transparent medium is more high.Therefore, select the refractive index n of medium 1 ' more near the refractive index n of medium 2, through the dull and stereotyped Gj of the transparent medium of same multilayer, its total transmittance must be than big apart from the dull and stereotyped Gi of big transparent medium of the refringence of two media.
5. transparent medium spheroid group's scattering model and the scattering material of different refractivity
Dull and stereotyped G changes irregular spheroid into when transparent medium, incident illumination be mapped to behind the spheroid to around scattering, the reverse ratio of advancing of light is little, significantly reduces the optical attenuation of propagated forward, improves scattering efficiency.Because irregular transparent medium spheroid not only is dispersed in the plane vertical with the irradiates light course, and along the irradiates light course certain thickness distribution is arranged.Be subjected to the influence of the irregular first transparent medium spheroid near parallel irradiates light, irregular transparent medium spheroid as accompanying drawing 4, formed scattering, propagate towards different directions, luminous energy begins to disperse, after a bit of distance of having advanced, meet the second irregular transparent medium spheroid again, because the radiation direction of the incident second irregular transparent medium spheroid disperses, refraction or total reflection through the second irregular transparent medium spheroid, its emergent light is more extensive on direction distributes, may run into the 3rd irregular transparent medium spheroid then, the 4th irregular transparent medium spheroid is after the refraction or total reflection of the irregular transparent medium spheroid of process several times, can well directional light be changed into scattered light, obtain the scattered light of illumination good evenness in ± 90 ° of angular regions.
Accompanying drawing 5 is the sheet material that includes the transparent medium spheroid of different refractivity in the transparent uniform dielectric, and wherein the transparent medium spheroid of different refractivity is in the space stochastic distribution, and macroscopic statistics is evenly distributed; The dimension ﹥ ﹥ visible light of transparent medium spheroid is the wavelength X of ruddiness particularly.The density of transparent medium spheroid in sheet material has 2～10 transparent medium spheroids with the sheet metal thickness direction and is advisable.3(b with reference to the accompanying drawings) analysis of model, as Δ n=0.5,
The transmittance that penetrates 5 layers of water white transparency media plate G1～G5 is 70.4%, and too much, overstocked transparent medium spheroid group has constituted influence and challenge to the transmissivity of equipment, need find equilibrium point between dispersion effect and transmittance.
According to aforementioned analysis discussion, the present invention improves the scattering efficiency of transparent medium spheroid and the method for transmissivity can be generalized into:
1. improve the scattering efficiency of single transparent medium spheroid---enlarge scattering angle and distribution; 2. reduce the transparent medium spheroid number of process on the scattering approach; 3. reduce the reflected energy between the different medium interface; 4. create the total reflection environment.
1. improve the scattering efficiency of single transparent medium spheroid, require greatly from the angular distribution of single transparent medium spheroid emergent light, so only need penetrate a spot of transparent medium spheroid just can reach the scattering requirement.The angle of view that the convex lens group is formed is less, bugeye lens, fish-eye first all adopt concavees lens, the telescope of being formed by convex lens and concavees lens, after light path turned around, see into that from objective end (convex lens end) being seen field angle is big more than the field angle of seeing in the eyepiece (concavees lens end) when the telescope.Analyze the concavees lens light path, when directional light irradiation concavees lens, acquisition be the light of outwards dispersing.If the mode of thinking is changed an angle, in transparent uniform dielectric, add refractive index n ' the transparent medium spheroid of the refractive index n of the transparent uniform dielectric of ﹤, light enters refractive index n through the transparent uniform dielectric of refractive index n ' less transparent medium spheroid, at this time refractive index n ', and less transparent medium spheroid just becomes concavees lens.According to the characteristics of concavees lens, the light that enters in it will be refracted in the more wide spatial dimension.
2. reduce the transparent medium spheroid number of process on the scattering approach, can reduce interface sudden change number, namely reduced order of reflection, known each reflectivity R is constant (in 0 °～40 ° scopes of angle), total transmittance with (1-R)
kRelevant, total reflectivity is 1-(1-R)
k, wherein k is order of reflection; In addition, the dimension of transparent medium spheroid is big, and the travel distance of light in ball after each bundle refraction is far away, and the spacing of drawing back between each deflecting light beams is big, and scattering properties is good, and the transparent medium spheroid quantity that need satisfy same scattering index is just few.
3. reduce the reflected energy between the different medium interface.According to formula (1), reflectivity R ∝ Δ n
2, as the glass of n '=1.5 and the air of n=1.0, Δ n=0.5 is by formula (1) R=0.04, and if use the water of n '=1.33 and the interface of air formation, reflectivity R=(0.33/2.33 instead)
2=0.02006, almost be half of glass and air interface reflections rate.So reduce the difference of the refractive index of two media, can reduce light at every turn by the reflected energy at interface, improve the transmission light intensity.
4. create the total reflection environment.Light is from the optically denser medium to the optically thinner medium, and incident angle surpasses the light generation total reflection of critical angle.For example calculate by refraction law, water (n '=1.33) is to cirtical angle of total reflection i '=48.7535 of air °, the glass of n '=1.5 and the cirtical angle of total reflection i ' of air=41.81 °, after wrapping up air bubble in the transparent medium, the directional light irradiation surpasses critical angle down total reflection partly takes place, accompanying drawing 6 is the relative area projection relation of total reflection, the air bubble Air among the figure, the FR of view field of the total reflection of cirtical angle of total reflection i ' and correspondence thereof.The FR(of the view field top view that air bubble (spheroid) produces total reflection is ring-type), its relative cross-section is long-pending
S=1－sin
2i’(4)
Wherein i ' is the critical angle of incidence of optically denser medium, and 6 geometric relationship is derived and drawn with reference to the accompanying drawings.To air bubble and water, the relative cross-section of total reflection amasss S=43.46%, and to medium and the air bubble of n '=1.5, the relative cross-section of total reflection amasss S=55.55%.
The present invention adopts distribution transparent medium spheroid in the transparent uniform dielectric of accompanying drawing 5 forms, when light passes through transparent uniform dielectric, can repeatedly run into the transparent medium spheroid with transparent uniform dielectric different refractivity, presents scattered light after the refraction.The present invention can be transparent medium spheroid refractive index n ' the transparent uniform dielectric refractive index n of ﹥, also can transparent medium spheroid refractive index n ' the transparent uniform dielectric refractive index n of ﹤, but the dispersion angle of the refraction emergent light of latter event is bigger, and dispersion effect is better, and forward light is lost still less.
Different refractivity transparent medium spheroid group's of the present invention preparation method
The spectacle glass of optical glass class, optical lens glass transparent, but surplus placing 10 year or after decades, crystalline solid can be separated out in lens element inside, causes the lens element muddiness; The light transmission of devitrified glass is analyzed reason not as the material of glassy state, and tiny crystal refractive index is variant with medium refraction index on every side, causes the light disturbance.The light transmission of some engineering plastics and processing technology relation are very big, as polypropylene (PP) plastics, and the plastic body band milky of direct mold injection molding, muddiness; Biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) film is pellucidity, with the outward appearance of injection mo(u)lding the different of essence is arranged; Add the outward appearance of pp material injection mo(u)lding of micritization treating agent more than untreated pp material transparency height; Analyze reason, crystalling propylene is extremely strong, forms polycrystal after the moulding, and crystal diameter is little and numbers of poles is many, causes between the crystal grain transmission-order of reflection too much, and light transmission is poor naturally.The cooling of Biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) film is fast, and it is big that crystal grain has little time growth, and natural light transmission is splendid.The light transmission of polystyrene (PS) is splendid, and vibration-absorptive material expanded polystyrene (EPS) commonly used is creamy white, and reflecting rate is high, and transmittance is extremely low, is close to water white true qualities with polystyrene and greatly differs from each other.
Printing opacity scattering material of the present invention can obtain by two kinds of approach:
1. transparent material sheet material recrystallization obtains the transparent medium spheroid group of the different refractivity in the uniform dielectric, crystallization control size and quantity, the equilibrium point of acquisition scattering and transmittance; Industrial by selecting raw material and temperature, initiating agent, mold temperature and matched moulds time to control scattering effect.
2. charge into air bubble before transparent material solidifies, the miniature air ball bubble of formation evenly is suspended in the transparent medium, the dimension of air balls bubble, adjustable density joint, thus adjust scattering and transmittance; From the calculating of boundary reflection rate as can be known, light beam penetrates astigmatism plate and should not cross and repeatedly be refracted or reflect, to improve transmittance.The dimension submillimeter order of magnitude of bubble or transparent (ball) body～1 millimeter, its density in transparent medium are that light follows into that direction (thickness of slab direction) scattering (ball) body mean value is 2～6, are no more than 12, and optimum density is between 2～4.
Specific implementation method of the present invention is as follows:
Water white scattering of the present invention (ball) body forms by crystallization or foaming; Can control crystallite dimension in the transparent uniform dielectric by the temperature retention time of raw material selection and material temperature, mould, form inorganic devitrified glass or form multicrystal macromolecular material; Mix gas under water white transparency inorganics or water white melt polymer material state, the bubble of formation transparent medium parcel also is evenly distributed in the medium.Carrier of the present invention, it can be hard transparent material, as the glass with even bubble, foam layer, the macromolecular material of flint glass, high light transmittance, as organic glass (polymethylmethacrylate, PMMA), poly-n-butyl methacrylate (PBA), polystyrene (PS), polycarbonate (PC), Kynoar (PVDF), also can be the flexible high molecular material film, or the light fixture of macromolecular material or the place that need produce diffused light inorganic at transparent hard by the form of pad pasting.The dimension of foam volume is submillimeter rank～1 millimeter, along 2～6 of thickness directions, generally is no more than 10 bubbles., optimum density is between 2～4.
Claims (6)
1. based on the scattering method of refractive index difference in the medium, it is characterized in that the direct of travel that this method utilizes refraction between the transparent medium or total reflection to upset light, obtain the high scattered light of transmissivity;
Refraction between the described transparent medium or total reflection system are dispersed in the interface that the water white scatterer surface in the homogeneous transparent medium forms, and there is different refractive indexes the both sides at interface; Water white scatterer refractive index n ' variant with the refractive index n of homogeneous transparent medium, the value of n '-n can just can be born; Described scatterer is spheroid or irregular body.
2. scattering method according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
Water white scatterer refractive index n ' be lower than the refractive index n of homogeneous materials, scatterer is the concavees lens effect, causes the local large-area total reflection of scatterer, improves the angle of divergence of single scatterer, reduces inner retrodirective reflection, reduces the light loss consumption; The scatterer dimension is submillimeter rank～1 millimeter, and the distribution of scatterer in the homogeneous transparent medium be along the light direct of travel, i.e. homogeneous transparent dielectric thickness direction, and its density value is 2～6, is no more than 12, control scatterer dimension and density can be adjusted dispersion effect.
3. scattering method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the density value of scatterer in the homogeneous transparent medium is 2～4.
4. the poriness scattering material that utilizes the described scattering method of claim 1 to make, it is characterized in that: this poriness scattering material forms by crystallization or foaming, can limit the difference of refractive index of homogeneous transparent medium and water white scatterer between 0.1-0.4, weaken two kinds of reflectivity between the different medium interface, improve the light emission rate of scattered light.
5. the poriness scattering material that utilizes the described scattering method of claim 1 to make, it is characterized in that: this poriness scattering material forms by crystallization or foaming, control crystallite dimension in the transparent uniform dielectric by the temperature retention time of raw material selection and material temperature, mould, form inorganic devitrified glass or form multicrystal macromolecular material.
6. the poriness scattering material that utilizes the described scattering method of claim 1 to make, it is characterized in that: this poriness scattering material forms by crystallization or foaming, mix gas under water white transparency inorganics or water white melt polymer material state, the bubble of formation transparent medium parcel also is evenly distributed in the medium.
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