CN103245695A - High-precision dew point measuring device and detection method based on same - Google Patents

High-precision dew point measuring device and detection method based on same Download PDF

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CN103245695A
CN103245695A CN2013101495863A CN201310149586A CN103245695A CN 103245695 A CN103245695 A CN 103245695A CN 2013101495863 A CN2013101495863 A CN 2013101495863A CN 201310149586 A CN201310149586 A CN 201310149586A CN 103245695 A CN103245695 A CN 103245695A
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dew point
minute surface
dewfall
temperature
deviation
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CN103245695B (en
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唐慧强
纪镪镪
刘钲江
李全月
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Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology
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Abstract

The invention discloses a high-precision dew point measuring device and a detection method based on the device, and belongs to the field of meteorological detection. The high-precision dew point measuring device comprises a laser diode, a photoelectric sensor, a smooth mirror surface and a cooling pile unit, wherein after the laser diode emits laser, the laser is reflected to a photodiode for detection after passing through the smooth mirror surface temperature-controlled by the cooling pile unit. In the detection method, the dynamic threshold discrimination flow for judging whether moisture condensation is carried out is given by detecting the change of laser intensity, when the measured gas flows through a dew point measuring chamber, a rough dew point is generated through the three-stage cooling of the smooth mirror surface, and the process of eliminating the formed dews by heating at a high speed as well as the process of forming dews by cooling at a constant low speed are given, so that the dew point is accurately calculated. The method has good inhibition effect for pollution, and enhances the dew point measuring accuracy.

Description

A kind of high precision dew point measurement mechanism and detection method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of dew point pick-up unit and detection method, belong to meteorological detection range.
Background technology
At present generally all adopt running balancing to realize the measurement of dew point, be that minute surface is cooled to and condensation product occurs, heat minute surface again and make its evaporation, and so forth, make that the flat surface of water vapor and water reaches thermodynamic equilibrium state on the minute surface, with this moment the mirror temperature dewpoint temperature as tested gas.
But because cooling and the dynamic control of heating, the temperature of minute surface all fluctuates in certain scope all the time, be difficult for realizing the accurate measurement of dew point, and response speed is slow, needs very long stabilization time.Simultaneously, in the dew point hygrometer use, minute surface pollutes inevitable, needs regularly minute surface to be cleaned, and measurement result can be drifted about, and dew point is difficult to maybe can't measure.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is at the defective in the above-mentioned background technology, and a kind of high precision dew point pick-up unit and method are provided.
The present invention is for solving the problems of the technologies described above by the following technical solutions:
A kind of high precision dew point measurement mechanism, the two ends of described dew point measurement mechanism have an air intake opening and a gas outlet, and tested gas enters the dew point measurement mechanism from air intake opening, and flows out from the gas outlet; In the dew point measurement mechanism, comprise laser diode, photoelectric sensor, bright and clean minute surface, refrigeration heap unit; Wherein, described bright and clean minute surface is arranged at the surface of refrigeration heap unit, produces dewfall by refrigeration heap unit, and heats to eliminate dewfall by the unit reverse voltage work of refrigeration heap; Described laser diode, photoelectric sensor are symmetricly set in the top of bright and clean minute surface with respect to the central shaft of bright and clean minute surface, and wherein said laser diode sends permanent power laser, arrives photoelectric sensor by bright and clean minute surface reflection back.
A kind of detection method based on high precision dew point measurement mechanism determines that at first dewfall detects dynamic threshold; By to the rough dew point of the cold generation of the three tier structure of minute surface, produce dewfall by removing dewfall and the Low and Constant Velocity rate cooling that heats up at a high speed at last and obtain accurate dew point then; Specific as follows:
Step 1, determine that dewfall detects dynamic threshold, comprises step by step following:
Step 101: the heating minute surface to the drying regime after, send permanent power laser bundle to minute surface by laser diode, and adopt photoelectric sensor continuous detecting minute surface reflector laser a period of time, obtain the mean value m of reflector laser intensity and the difference Δ of minimum value;
Step 102: Δ be multiply by dewfall erroneous judgement coefficient w, and as the threshold value of differentiating dewfall, w is natural number with the w Δ;
Step 2, by to the rough dew point of the cold generation of the three tier structure of minute surface, be specially: adopt refrigeration heap unit that minute surface is lowered the temperature at full speed, and continuous recording mirror temperature value, in case when the detected light intensity reduction of photoelectric sensor value surpassed dewfall threshold value w Δ in the step 102, mirror temperature that then will be this moment was as the rough dew point of this tested gas;
Step 3 produces dewfall by removing dewfall and the Low and Constant Velocity rate cooling that heats up at a high speed and obtains accurate dew point:
Step 301: the rough dew point that step 2 is obtained adds that a unit temperature value is as setting value, setting value and the deviate of the mirror temperature that detects are in real time constituted the deviation signal of the control algolithm that heats up at a high speed, utilize the control algolithm that heats up at a high speed, the heating minute surface is to initial drying regime;
Described high speed intensification control algolithm is made up of PID controller and fuzzy controller; At first adopt Fuzzy Control Model, accelerate response speed; After temperature deviation is near steady-state process, switch to the PID control model, eliminate static difference and improve control accuracy; With temperature deviation and the obfuscation of temperature deviation rate of change, obtain exporting the fuzzy set of controlled quentity controlled variable by the fuzzy control rule reasoning, will export controlled quentity controlled variable again and carry out non-fuzzy and handle controlled amount u 1(k); Wherein, the control algolithm under the PID control model is shown below:
u 1 ( k ) = K 1 · e ( k ) + K 2 · Σ j = 0 k e ( j ) + K 3 · [ e ( k ) - e ( k - 1 ) ]
Wherein, k is sampling sequence number, and e (k) is the deviate of sampling instant k input,
Figure BDA00003105445600022
For sampling begin to the accumulation of deviation between the k time sampling instant and, e (k), e (k-1) are respectively the deviate of the k time sampling instant input and the deviate that the k-1 time sampling instant imported, K 1Be scale-up factor, K 2Be integral coefficient, K 3Be differential coefficient; Utilize the various combination of ratio, integration and three links of differential of deviation to calculate controlled quentity controlled variable u 1(k);
Step 302: again to minute surface low rate temperature-reduction at constant speed, rough dew point in the step 301 is deducted a unit temperature value as setting value, and monitoring mirror temperature value, the two difference constitutes the deviation signal of Low and Constant Velocity rate cooling control algolithm, utilize the permanent rate of temperature fall control algolithm of low rate, continuous detecting minute surface reflector laser obtained mirror temperature dewpoint temperature during to the dewfall threshold value;
Described low rate temperature-reduction at constant speed control algolithm is shown below:
u 2 ( k ) = ( K p + ΔK p ) · E ( k ) + ( K i + ΔK i ) Σ j = 0 k E ( j ) + ( K d + ΔK d ) · [ E ( k ) - E ( k - 1 ) ]
Wherein, E (k),
Figure BDA00003105445600024
E (k)-E (k-1) be respectively sampling instant k deviation, deviation and, and deviation changes; K p, K iAnd K dBe respectively scale-up factor, integral coefficient and the differential coefficient of PID controller, Δ K p, Δ K iWith Δ K dBe respectively and K p, K iAnd K dCorresponding increment; Low rate temperature-reduction at constant speed control algolithm is with the rate of change obfuscation of deviation signal and deviation signal, and reasoning obtains K according to fuzzy control rule p, K i, K dAnd increment Delta K p, Δ K i, Δ K dThe output fuzzy set, again according to the method for defuzzification, obtain the scale-up factor K of PID controller p, integral coefficient K iWith differential coefficient K dAccurate amount is carried out online self-tuning to scale-up factor, integral coefficient and the differential coefficient of PID controller, and then controlled amount u 2(k);
Step 303: circulation implementation step 301 and step 302, rough dew point is replaced with previous dew point result, implement the constant speed heating and cooling again and measure with the circulation of finishing dew point.
Detection method as high precision dew point measurement mechanism of the present invention is further optimized, and in step 102, w is set to 3 or greater than 3 natural number.
Detection method as high precision dew point measurement mechanism of the present invention is further optimized, and described unit temperature value is 0.5 ℃.
The present invention adopts above technical scheme, compared with prior art, has following effect:
The present invention adopts Low and Constant Velocity rate temperature-fall period to obtain dew point, can improve measuring accuracy and the stability of dew point hygrometer, adopts the dew point dynamic threshold can correctly judge the generation of dewfall, and improves contamination resistance.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the synoptic diagram of dew point measurement mechanism of the present invention.
Number in the figure: 1-laser diode, the bright and clean minute surface of 2-, 3-refrigeration heap unit, 4-air intake opening, 5-gas outlet, 6-photoelectric sensor.
Fig. 2 is control flow synoptic diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Be described in further detail below in conjunction with the enforcement of accompanying drawing to technical scheme:
As shown in Figure 1, the dew point measurement mechanism comprises: laser diode 1, and photoelectric sensor 6, bright and clean minute surface 2, refrigeration heap unit 3, tested gas enters the dew point measuring chamber from air intake opening 4, and 5 outflows from the gas outlet.Laser diode 1 sends permanent power laser, arrives photoelectric sensor 6 by minute surface 2 reflection backs.Bright and clean minute surface 2 produces dewfall by refrigeration heap unit 3, heats to eliminate dewfall by the unit 3 reverse voltage work of refrigeration heap.
The present invention utilizes photoelectric sensor to carry out the measurement of reflector laser intensity, tested gas is delivered to the dew point measurement mechanism, do not obtaining dewfall detection dynamic threshold under the dewfall state, by to the rough dew point of the cold generation of the three tier structure of minute surface, and remove dewfall by heating up at a high speed and the cooling of Low and Constant Velocity rate produces dew point.
It is when start or initialization that dewfall detects dynamic threshold, after the heating minute surface is to the drying regime, send laser intensity after the reflection of permanent power laser bundle and continuous recording minute surface by laser tube, can be 5 seconds writing time, also can be by arranging to adjust duration.Obtain the mean value of laser intensity and the difference Δ of minimum value then.For preventing the dewfall erroneous judgement, Δ suitably is loosened to the k Δ, and as the threshold value of differentiating dewfall, k generally can get 3, can suitably improve in case of necessity.
Asking for of the three tier structure rough dew point of cold generation.Behind opening initialization, first minute surface is lowered the temperature at full speed, and continuous recording mirror temperature value, in case when the detected light intensity reduction of photoelectric sensor value surpasses the dewfall threshold value, with this moment the mirror temperature rough dew point as this gas.
Remove dewfall and Low and Constant Velocity rate cooling generation dewfall by heating up at a high speed.Rough dew point is added 0.5 ℃ as setting value, and the mirror temperature of detection is as measured value, and the two difference constitutes the deviation signal of control algolithm, utilizes the control algolithm that heats up at a high speed, and the heating minute surface is to initial drying regime.The control algolithm that heats up at a high speed is made up of PID controller and fuzzy controller.When the rate of rise in temperature deviation is big, be in the control model of fuzzy control, namely control the output that output quantity is fuzzy controller, accelerate response speed; Under the control model of fuzzy control, when temperature deviation is less enter steady-state process after, switch to the PID control model, eliminate static difference, improve control accuracy.With temperature deviation and deviation variation rate obfuscation, obtain exporting the fuzzy set of controlled quentity controlled variable by the fuzzy control rule reasoning, will export the controlled quentity controlled variable non-fuzzy again and handle controlled amount u 1(k).
Control algolithm under the PID control model is shown below:
u 1 ( k ) = K 1 · e ( k ) + K 2 · Σ j = 0 k e ( j ) + K 3 · [ e ( k ) - e ( k - 1 ) ]
K is sampling sequence number, and e (k) is the deviate of sampling instant k input,
Figure BDA00003105445600042
For sampling begin to the accumulation of deviation between the k time sampling instant and, e[k]-e (k-1) is the poor of the deviate imported of the k time sampling instant and the k-1 time sampling instant input deviation value, K 1Be scale-up factor, K 2Be integral coefficient, K 3Be differential coefficient.Utilize the various combination of ratio, integration and three links of differential of deviation to calculate controlled quentity controlled variable u 1(k).
Again minute surface Low and Constant Velocity rate is lowered the temperature, rough dew point subtracts 0.5 ℃ as setting value, and monitor the mirror temperature value in real time, the two difference constitutes the deviation signal of control algolithm, utilize the permanent rate of temperature fall control algolithm of low rate, continuous detecting minute surface reflector laser obtained mirror temperature dewpoint temperature during to the dewfall threshold value.The permanent rate of temperature fall control algolithm of low rate combines thought and the conventional PID control of fuzzy reasoning, is shown below,
u 2 ( k ) = ( K p + ΔK p ) · E ( k ) + ( K i + ΔK i ) Σ j = 0 k E ( j ) + ( K d + ΔK d ) · [ E ( k ) - E ( k - 1 ) ]
E (k),
Figure BDA00003105445600044
E (k)-E (k-1) is respectively deviation, deviation and and the deviation variation of sampling instant k.K p, K iAnd K dBe respectively ratio, integration and the differential coefficient of PID, Δ K p, Δ K iWith Δ K dBe respectively the increment of their correspondences.The permanent rate of temperature fall controller algorithm of low rate is with the rate of change obfuscation of deviation signal and deviation signal, and reasoning obtains K according to fuzzy control rule p, K i, K dAnd increment Delta K p, Δ K i, Δ K dThe output fuzzy set, again according to the method for defuzzification, obtain their accurate amount, 3 parameters of PID are carried out online self-tuning, and then controlled amount u 2(k).
Circulation is implemented above-mentioned constant speed and is heated up and temperature-fall period, detects dewpoint temperature, and adjusts parameter and realize the constant speed heating and cooling, to adapt to the variation that gas humidity is dew point, forms the low amplitude value triangular wave.

Claims (4)

1. high precision dew point measurement mechanism, the two ends of described dew point measurement mechanism have an air intake opening (4) and a gas outlet (5), and tested gas enters the dew point measurement mechanism from air intake opening (4), and flow out (5) from the gas outlet; It is characterized in that: in the dew point measurement mechanism, comprise laser diode (1), photoelectric sensor (6), bright and clean minute surface (2), refrigeration heap unit (3); Wherein, described bright and clean minute surface is arranged at the surface of refrigeration heap unit (3), produces dewfall by refrigeration heap unit (3), and heats to eliminate dewfall by unit (3) the reverse voltage work of refrigeration heap; Described laser diode (1), photoelectric sensor (6) are symmetricly set in the top of bright and clean minute surface (2) with respect to the central shaft of bright and clean minute surface (2), wherein said laser diode (1) sends permanent power laser, arrives photoelectric sensor (6) by bright and clean minute surface (2) reflection back.
2. the detection method based on the described high precision dew point of claim 1 measurement mechanism is characterized in that: determine that at first dewfall detects dynamic threshold; By to the rough dew point of the cold generation of the three tier structure of minute surface, produce dewfall by removing dewfall and the Low and Constant Velocity rate cooling that heats up at a high speed at last and obtain accurate dew point then; Specific as follows:
Step 1, determine that dewfall detects dynamic threshold, comprises step by step following:
Step 101: the heating minute surface to the drying regime after, send permanent power laser bundle to minute surface by laser diode, and adopt photoelectric sensor continuous detecting minute surface reflector laser a period of time, obtain the mean value m of reflector laser intensity and the difference Δ of minimum value;
Step 102: Δ be multiply by dewfall erroneous judgement coefficient w, and as the threshold value of differentiating dewfall, w is natural number with the w Δ;
Step 2, by to the rough dew point of the cold generation of the three tier structure of minute surface, be specially: adopt refrigeration heap unit that minute surface is lowered the temperature at full speed, and continuous recording mirror temperature value, in case when the detected light intensity reduction of photoelectric sensor value surpassed dewfall threshold value w Δ in the step 102, mirror temperature that then will be this moment was as the rough dew point of this tested gas;
Step 3 produces dewfall by removing dewfall and the Low and Constant Velocity rate cooling that heats up at a high speed and obtains accurate dew point:
Step 301: the rough dew point that step 2 is obtained adds that a unit temperature value is as setting value, setting value and the deviate of the mirror temperature that detects are in real time constituted the deviation signal of the control algolithm that heats up at a high speed, utilize the control algolithm that heats up at a high speed, the heating minute surface is to initial drying regime;
Described high speed intensification control algolithm is made up of PID controller and fuzzy controller; At first adopt Fuzzy Control Model, accelerate response speed; After temperature deviation is near steady-state process, switch to the PID control model, eliminate static difference and improve control accuracy; With temperature deviation and the obfuscation of temperature deviation rate of change, obtain exporting the fuzzy set of controlled quentity controlled variable by the fuzzy control rule reasoning, will export controlled quentity controlled variable again and carry out non-fuzzy and handle controlled amount u 1(k); Wherein, the control algolithm under the PID control model is shown below:
u 1 ( k ) = K 1 · e ( k ) + K 2 · Σ j = 0 k e ( j ) + K 3 · [ e ( k ) - e ( k - 1 ) ]
Wherein, k is sampling sequence number, and e (k) is the deviate of sampling instant k input,
Figure FDA00003105445500021
For sampling begin to the accumulation of deviation between the k time sampling instant and, e (k), e (k-1) are respectively the deviate of the k time sampling instant input and the deviate that the k-1 time sampling instant imported, K 1Be scale-up factor, K 2Be integral coefficient, K 3Be differential coefficient; Utilize the various combination of ratio, integration and three links of differential of deviation to calculate controlled quentity controlled variable u 1(k);
Step 302: again to minute surface low rate temperature-reduction at constant speed, rough dew point in the step 301 is deducted a unit temperature value as setting value, and monitoring mirror temperature value, the two difference constitutes the deviation signal of Low and Constant Velocity rate cooling control algolithm, utilize the permanent rate of temperature fall control algolithm of low rate, continuous detecting minute surface reflector laser obtained mirror temperature dewpoint temperature during to the dewfall threshold value;
Described low rate temperature-reduction at constant speed control algolithm is shown below:
u 2 ( k ) = ( K p + Δ K p ) · E ( k ) + ( K i + Δ K i ) Σ j = 0 k E ( j ) + ( K d + Δ K d ) · [ E ( k ) - E ( k - 1 ) ]
Wherein, E (k),
Figure FDA00003105445500023
E (k)-E (k-1) be respectively sampling instant k deviation, deviation and, and deviation changes; K p, K iAnd K dBe respectively scale-up factor, integral coefficient and the differential coefficient of PID controller, Δ K p, Δ K iWith Δ K dBe respectively and K p, K iAnd K dCorresponding increment; Low rate temperature-reduction at constant speed control algolithm is with the rate of change obfuscation of deviation signal and deviation signal, and reasoning obtains K according to fuzzy control rule p, K i, K dAnd increment Delta K p, Δ K i, Δ K dThe output fuzzy set, again according to the method for defuzzification, obtain the scale-up factor K of PID controller p, integral coefficient K iWith differential coefficient K dAccurate amount is carried out online self-tuning to scale-up factor, integral coefficient and the differential coefficient of PID controller, and then controlled amount u 2(k);
Step 303: circulation implementation step 301 and step 302, rough dew point is replaced with previous dew point result, implement the constant speed heating and cooling again and measure with the circulation of finishing dew point.
3. the detection method of high precision dew point measurement mechanism according to claim 2 is characterized in that: in step 102, w is set to 3 or greater than 3 natural number.
4. the detection method of high precision dew point measurement mechanism according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described unit temperature value is 0.5 ℃.
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Cited By (7)

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CN106706708A (en) * 2015-11-16 2017-05-24 杨斌 Control method of rapid high-precision cold mirror type dew-point instrument
CN109085201A (en) * 2018-09-12 2018-12-25 南京信息工程大学 A kind of ultra-low humidity dew point hygrometer and its temprature control method
CN110632120A (en) * 2019-10-24 2019-12-31 广州供电局有限公司 Method, system and device for detecting humidity of mixed gas and computer equipment
CN112858387A (en) * 2020-12-30 2021-05-28 广州奥松电子有限公司 Dew point detection device capable of filtering gas
CN113358696A (en) * 2021-08-10 2021-09-07 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 Dew point temperature detection device and method for fuel cell
CN113567498A (en) * 2021-07-28 2021-10-29 南京信息工程大学 Dew point meter integrating video detection and optical detection and control method
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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106706708A (en) * 2015-11-16 2017-05-24 杨斌 Control method of rapid high-precision cold mirror type dew-point instrument
CN109085201A (en) * 2018-09-12 2018-12-25 南京信息工程大学 A kind of ultra-low humidity dew point hygrometer and its temprature control method
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CN110632120B (en) * 2019-10-24 2022-08-02 广东电网有限责任公司广州供电局 Method, system and device for detecting humidity of mixed gas and computer equipment
CN112858387A (en) * 2020-12-30 2021-05-28 广州奥松电子有限公司 Dew point detection device capable of filtering gas
CN112858387B (en) * 2020-12-30 2023-05-09 广州奥松电子股份有限公司 Dew point detection device capable of filtering gas
CN113567498A (en) * 2021-07-28 2021-10-29 南京信息工程大学 Dew point meter integrating video detection and optical detection and control method
CN113567498B (en) * 2021-07-28 2023-05-09 南京信息工程大学 Dew point meter integrating video and optical detection and control method
CN113358696A (en) * 2021-08-10 2021-09-07 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 Dew point temperature detection device and method for fuel cell

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