CN103200248B - Based on the communication means of the power param eter supervision of embedded system - Google Patents
Based on the communication means of the power param eter supervision of embedded system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Based on the communication means of the power param eter supervision of embedded system, relate to a kind of communication means.Often be restricted to solve cordless communication network that current power monitoring system generally adopts when self-organizing network, the problem that operate power, cost are all higher.It realizes based on embedded OS Contiki and power param eter supervision radio sensing network, and described method comprises: to the step of each routing node, access node and terminal node distributing IP address; Terminal node, routing node and access node adopt wireless communication protocol 6LoWPAN to transmit the step of data each other; Terminal node adopts I in the control procedure of electric power monitoring parameter
2c bus protocol carries out the step of transfer of data; Each node carries out the step of transfer of data to adopting communication protocol SPI in the control procedure of wireless telecommunications; Access node adopts communication protocol UART and control data corporation to carry out the step of transfer of data.It is in electric power system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of communication means, particularly a kind of communication means of the power param eter supervision based on embedded system.
Background technology
First the supervision of electric power and reducing energy consumption need to monitor power information, thus understand energy service condition.Therefore, how to carry out power information collection, process, and realize user's on-line monitoring and statistics is the key of electric power monitoring.
Along with the development of network technology, the distributed information acquisition system based on cable network becomes a kind of new acquisition of information means.But the cost that there is comprehensive wiring of wire transmission technology in electric power monitoring network is high at present, quantities is large, carries out comprehensive wiring also there is problems such as destroying building present situation to existing building.
For meeting the demand of potential application market, a large amount of research-and-development activitys has done in power monitoring system wireless application in many enterprises.But general radio communication adopts mostly is the networks such as WLAN (WirelessLocal-AreaNetwork), CDMA (CodeDivisionMultipleAccess)/GSM (GlobalSystemofMobilecommunication), often be restricted during its self-organizing network, operate power, cost are all higher.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is often to be restricted to solve cordless communication network that current power monitoring system generally adopts when self-organizing network, the all higher problem of operate power, cost, the invention provides a kind of communication means of the power param eter supervision based on embedded system.
The communication means of the power param eter supervision based on embedded system of the present invention, it realizes based on embedded OS Contiki and power param eter supervision radio sensing network, and described power param eter supervision radio sensing network comprises terminal node, routing node and access node;
Terminal node, for monitoring parameters of electric power to be monitored, and sends Monitoring Data to routing node and access node;
Routing node, for the transfer of Monitoring Data between terminal node and access node;
Described data for receiving the Monitoring Data from terminal node and routing node, and are sent to control data corporation, and order are assigned to terminal node and routing node by access node;
The communication means of described power param eter supervision comprises the steps:
To the step of each routing node, access node and terminal node distributing IP address;
Terminal node, routing node and access node adopt wireless communication protocol 6LoWPAN to transmit the step of data each other;
Described terminal node carries out the step of transfer of data to adopting I2C bus protocol in the control procedure of electric power monitoring parameter;
Each node carries out the step of transfer of data to adopting communication protocol SPI in the control procedure of wireless telecommunications;
Access node adopts communication protocol UART and control data corporation to carry out the step of transfer of data.
The step that terminal node, routing node and access node adopt wireless communication protocol 6LoWPAN to transmit data is each other:
Terminal node and access node are carried out to the step of power-up initializing;
When terminal node, routing node and access node successfully add 6LoWPAN communication network, the step that terminal node is monitored parameters of electric power;
The data monitored are sent to the step of routing node and access node by terminal node.
Terminal node adopts I in the control procedure of electric power monitoring parameter
2the step that C bus protocol carries out transfer of data is:
Terminal node is carried out to the step of power-up initializing;
For the step of the chip configuration address of the electric power monitoring parameter for terminal node;
Adopt I
2c bus protocol is the step of described chip register configuration information;
Adopt I
2c bus protocol reads the step of the monitoring parameter that described chip is measured;
Adopt I
2the monitoring parameter of described measurement is uploaded to the step of the wireless communication module of terminal node by C bus protocol.
The step that access node adopts communication protocol UART and control data corporation to carry out transfer of data is:
Access node is carried out to the step of power-up initializing;
The step enable to the UART serial ports of access node;
The step of the communication baud rate of communication protocol UART is set;
The step of Monitoring Data is sent to control data corporation.
The invention has the advantages that, each node has self-organizing network function, and then realizes short range wireless transmission in network; Remote-wireless communication function can also be realized; Realize the monitoring to power information.Experiment shows, based on 6LOWPAN agreement two nodes between data communication distance can reach about 80m.Operate power and cost are also lower.To each Joint Enterprise IP, increase the interstitial content in wireless network.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the communication process schematic diagram of the terminal node of the communication means of the power param eter supervision based on embedded system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic flow sheet that the terminal node of the communication means of the power param eter supervision based on embedded system of the present invention is measured parameters of electric power.
Fig. 3 is the communication process schematic diagram of the access node of the communication means of the power param eter supervision based on embedded system of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the node communication situation schematic diagram of the serial port terminal display when testing of the communication means of the power param eter supervision based on embedded system of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment one: the communication means of the power param eter supervision based on embedded system described in present embodiment,
It realizes based on embedded OS Contiki and power param eter supervision radio sensing network, and described power param eter supervision radio sensing network comprises terminal node, routing node and access node;
Terminal node, for monitoring parameters of electric power to be monitored, and sends Monitoring Data to routing node and access node;
Routing node, for the transfer of Monitoring Data between terminal node and access node;
Described data for receiving the Monitoring Data from terminal node and routing node, and are sent to control data corporation, and order are assigned to terminal node and routing node by access node;
The communication means of described power param eter supervision comprises the steps:
To the step of each routing node, access node and terminal node distributing IP address;
Terminal node, routing node and access node adopt wireless communication protocol 6LoWPAN to transmit the step of data each other;
Described terminal node adopts I in the control procedure of electric power monitoring parameter
2c bus protocol carries out the step of transfer of data;
Each node carries out the step of transfer of data to adopting communication protocol SPI in the control procedure of wireless telecommunications;
Access node adopts communication protocol UART and control data corporation to carry out the step of transfer of data.
In a power param eter supervision radio sensing network, node is divided into three types: terminal node, routing node and access node, when terminal node is responsible for electrical work in network, the monitoring of power information (comprises voltage, electric current, power etc.) and transmit, routing node is responsible for the transfer of data between terminal node and access node, access node collects the parameters of electric power from terminal node and routing node, and by parameter to control data corporation transmission, also can accept the order from control data corporation, and order is assigned to terminal node and routing node.
On the hardware that present embodiment provides, terminal node comprises: carry out the transducer of power information collection, electric power monitoring chip, the first controller and wireless communication module; Routing node comprises: second controller and wireless communication module; Access node comprises: the 3rd controller and wireless communication module.
In whole power param eter supervision radio sensing network, need following communication function:
The mutual transmission of (a) tested parameters of electric power between electric power monitoring chip and the first controller, transducer sends the data recorded to first controller; The mutual transmission of (b) measured parameter between second controller and wireless communication module; The mutual transmission of (c) data between wireless communication module, i.e. data transmission between the individual nodes; D () signal is in the 3rd transmission between controller and control data corporation.
Wherein, (a) function uses communication protocol I
2c has come;
B () function uses communication protocol SPI to come;
C () function uses wireless communication protocol 6LoWPAN, IPv6 introduces in radio sensing network agreement by 6LoWPAN agreement, to the specific IP address of each peer distribution, make single-sensor node can be the same to PC, application IP technical communication, simultaneously, considerably increase node address space, add system node number, make node administration more clear, enhance system management capability;
D () function uses communication protocol UART to come.
Embodiment two: composition graphs 1 illustrates present embodiment, present embodiment is the further restriction of the communication means to the power param eter supervision based on embedded system described in embodiment one,
The step that terminal node, routing node and access node adopt wireless communication protocol 6LoWPAN to transmit data is each other:
Terminal node and access node are carried out to the step of power-up initializing;
When terminal node, routing node and access node successfully add 6LoWPAN communication network, the step that terminal node is monitored parameters of electric power;
The data monitored are sent to routing node and access node by terminal node.
Embodiment three: composition graphs 2 illustrates present embodiment, present embodiment is the further restriction of the communication means to the power param eter supervision based on embedded system described in embodiment one,
Terminal node adopts I in the control procedure of electric power monitoring parameter
2the step that C bus protocol carries out transfer of data is:
Terminal node is carried out to the step of power-up initializing;
For the step of the chip configuration address of the electric power monitoring parameter for terminal node;
Adopt I
2c bus protocol is the step of described chip register configuration information;
Adopt I
2c bus protocol reads the step of the monitoring parameter that described chip is measured;
Adopt I
2the monitoring parameter of described measurement is uploaded to the step of the wireless communication module of terminal node by C bus protocol.
I
2c (inter-integratedcircuit) bus is a kind of twin wire universal serial bus developed by PHILIPS company, for connecting microcontroller and ancillary equipment thereof.I
2c bus results from the eighties, is initially audio and video equipment exploitation, is nowadays mainly used in the IC communication needs of plate level, is namely mainly used as the circuit intercomed mutually of each IC chip on the circuit board in hardware system, I
2c bus is very common in system.I
2the topmost advantage of C bus protocol is simplicity, effectively.Because interface direct is connected on assembly, therefore I
2the space that C bus takies is very little, decreases the space of circuit board and the quantity of chip pin, reduces interconnected cost.
The power param eter supervision radio sensing network of present embodiment adopts single-chip microcomputer MSP430F1611 as the first controller, containing I in single-chip microcomputer MSP430F1611
2c module can be MSP430 and I
2the devices interconnect of C compatibility provides interface, the I that MSP430F1611 supports
2c agreement has following feature:
meet PHILIPSI
2c specification V2.1
√ word/byte format transmission
√ 7 or 10 equipment addressing modes
√ is grouied busy
√ starts/restarts/stopping
√ Multi-master sending/from receiving mode
The how main reception of √/from sending mode
The main transmission of √, from transmission, main reception, from reception
√ mode standard speed is 100Kb/s, and quick mode speed can reach 400Kb/s
read/write takes FIFO buffer structure
programmable clock generator
16 bit data access can reach the maximum throughput of bus
automaticdata byte calculates
support low-power consumption mode
from reception according to detect commencing signal automatically by MSP430 from LPMx mode wakeup
termination function enriches
i can only be realized with USART0
2c operates
Present embodiment uses I
2c protocol realization single-chip microcomputer MSP430F1611 to the read-write operation of the internal register of electric power monitoring chip ADE7953, thus realizes the monitoring of power information.
I
2the software realization mode of C agreement has two kinds:
single-chip microcomputer MSP430F1611 serial communication register, as table 4-1 is depicted as control I in single-chip microcomputer MSP430F1611
2the register of C module communication.
Table 4-1I
2the register of C module
| Register | Abbreviated form | Read-write type | Address | Initial condition |
| USART0 control register | U0CTL | Read/write | 070H | Reset with PUC |
| I 2C transmits control register | I2CTCTL | Read/write | 071H | Reset with PUC |
| I 2C Data Control Register | I2CDCTL | Read/write | 072H | Reset with PUC |
| I 2C frequency division register | I2CPSC | Read/write | 073H | Reset with PUC |
| I 2C SCL high level adjustment register | I2CSCLH | Read/write | 074H | Reset with PUC |
| I 2C SCL low level adjustment register | I2CSCLL | Read/write | 075H | Reset with PUC |
| I 2C data register | I2CDRW/I2CDRB | Read/write | 076H | Reset with PUC |
| I 2C local address register | I2COA | Read/write | 0118H | Reset with PUC |
| I 2C is from address register | I2CSA | Read/write | 011AH | Reset with PUC |
| I 2C interrupt vector register | I2CIV | Read/write | 011CH | Reset with PUC |
Table 4-1 (continued)
According to electric power monitoring chip ADE7953 read-write operation timing requirements, write the program controlling these registers and just can realize I
2c communicates.
This mode directly register operated quick and precisely, easy to use, but higher to the requirement of hardware, for single-chip microcomputer MSP430F1611 single-chip microcomputer, only have P3.1 and P3.3 mouth to support this by register control I
2the communication modes of C sequential.P3.1 is used as I
2c data communication mouth, P3.3 is used as I
2c communication clock interface.
use common I/O port Simulation with I
2c sequential
When any one interface in P3.1 and P3.3 mouth can not be used as I
2just need during C communication interface to use Simulation with I
2mode and the electric power monitoring chip ADE7953 of C sequential carry out communication.Specifically, be exactly by controlling common I/O port input and output low and high level thus Simulation with I
2c sequential.
The I/O port control register of MSP430F1611 is as follows:
√ input register PxIN
Bit=0: input low level
Bit=1: input high level
√ output register PxOUT
Bit=0: output low level
Bit=1: export high level
√ direction register PxDIR
Bit=0:IO mouth direction is input
Bit=1:IO mouth direction is for exporting
√ function mask register PxSEL
Bit=0:IO is that common IO uses
Bit=1:IO is that peripheral functional modules is used
√ interrupt flag register PxIFG
Bit=0: without interrupt requests
Bit=1: have interrupt requests
√ interrupts mask register PxIES
Bit=0: corresponding pin level saltus step (rising edge) from low to high makes corresponding flag bit set
Bit=1: corresponding pin level saltus step (trailing edge) from high to low makes corresponding flag bit set
√ OIER PxIE
Bit=0: forbid that this interrupts
Bit=1: allow this to interrupt.
As described in Figure 2, after access node power-up initializing, first configured from machine by the first controller, i.e. the address of electric power monitoring chip, if configuration successful, main frame can receive an AKG signal, and described main frame is the first controller, otherwise, reconfigure; After completing this step, configure from machine registers, enable the calculating completing power information from machine; Judge whether receive configuration information from machine, if received, main frame will read from the information measured by machine, if do not received, continue configuration, judge whether main frame receives the information sent from machine, if received, main frame sends information to wireless communication module, if do not received, main frame will continue to collect information to from machine.
Embodiment four: composition graphs 4 illustrates present embodiment, present embodiment is the further restriction of the communication means to the power param eter supervision based on embedded system described in embodiment one,
The step that access node adopts communication protocol UART and control data corporation to carry out transfer of data is:
Access node is carried out to the step of power-up initializing;
The step enable to the UART serial ports of access node;
The step of the communication baud rate of communication protocol UART is set;
The step of Monitoring Data is sent to control data corporation.
Access node will complete downlink reception and the uplink of measurement data, be sent to control data corporation, and use UART serial communication protocol all carries out by uplink, and described control data corporation adopts GPRS module to realize.
The general UART of single-chip microcomputer MSP430F1611 (UniversalAsynchronousReceive/Transmit serial asynchronous communication pattern) comprises line idle multi-computer communication agreement and address bit multi-computer communication agreement, comprising two shift registers.Serial data receiving and transmission, all from lowest order, by two pins, namely receive pin URXD and are connected with the external world with transmission pin UTXD.
Serial asynchronous communication has following features:
asynchronous mode, comprises line idle/address bit communication protocol
separate shift register, comprises and sends shift register and receive shift register
transmission 7 or 8 bit data, can adopt odd, even parity check or no parity check
data input and data output from lowest order
reception separately and transmission buffer register
able to programmely realize the baud rate that Frequency Dividing Factor is integer or decimal
independently send and receive interruption
detected by effective start bit and MSP430 is waken up from low-power consumption
there is various states flag bit, as detected error flag position etc.
UART communication module is made up of receiving unit, transmitting portion, interface section and baud rate part.Wherein, baud rate part be used for control serial communication data receive and send speed.So-called baud rate, refers to the binary data figure place transmitted in the unit interval, in units of bps, is important indicator and the parameter of weighing serial line data sending speed speed.When asynchronous communication, the generation of baud rate is necessary.The setting of the transmission of UART interface, reception, baud rate is all realized by control register.
Two serial ports (USART0, USART1) of single-chip microcomputer MSP430F1611 all support UART agreement, controlled, after arranging, automatically realized the I/O of data by hardware to register by two cover registers.
USART1 register is depicted as shown 4-2.Similarly, but title and address are different for USART0 register.
Table 4-2USART1 register
In present embodiment, after access node receives the data that terminal node or routing node send, need to use UART agreement to send data to GPRS module or PC.This just needs configuration control register U1CTL, transmit control register U1TCTL, baud rate control register U1MCTL, U1BR0, U1BR1 etc. to realize the transmission of data.
The quality of communication efficiency directly affects test result, therefore makes test analysis to communications portion performance below.
Communication distance test and analysis:
First test the wireless communication distance based on 6LOWPAN agreement, contrived experiment is as follows:
Experiment purpose: test the wireless communication distance based on 6LOWPAN agreement
Experimental technique: monitoring node signal intelligence, the distance both when recording and measure that between two nodes, signal of communication obviously weakens.
Experiment place: certain spacious environment in research park
Experimental facilities:
based on the power monitoring system terminal node 1 of Internet of Things
based on the power monitoring system access node 1 of Internet of Things
notebook computer 1
100m range meter ruler 1
Experimentation: connect access node and computer, access node and terminal node data signal intelligence is observed by serial port terminal, fixed terminal node location, mobile access node, the two distance is increased, and signal intelligence both being observed by computer, until sign off, stop mobile, measure communication distance with meter ruler.
Experimental result: ignore in node current state, test environment that unexpected interference signal is on the impact of communication distance, experimental result shows, based on 6LOWPAN agreement two nodes between data communication distance can reach about 80m.
Communication topology test and analysis:
In order to make cordless communication network have certain strong property, it is also needed to have networking function.From knowwhy, 6LOWPAN agreement supports star-like and tree topology, in order to verify these topological result of communication, tests as follows:
Experiment purpose: radio communication topological structure is verified
Experimental technique: the multiple node of cloth in a certain space, observes each node and just converges to access node through the transfer of how many times signal, thus analyzes wireless network topology structure.
Test place: 2A 4th floors
Experimental facilities:
based on the power monitoring system access node 1 of Internet of Things
power monitoring system routing node number based on Internet of Things props up
power monitoring system number of terminal nodes based on Internet of Things is propped up
1, computer
Experimentation: place access node (nodal scheme is 2) research park 2A Room 439, access node is connected with computer, is convenient to observe other nodes signal intelligence with it, places node 1,6 in Room 439, places node 3,4 in Room 435.Observed the signal intelligence of these nodes and access node by serial port terminal, and analyze its topological structure.
Experimental result: the node communication situation schematic diagram being illustrated in figure 4 serial port terminal display, the wherein first digit representation node number of each row of data, the node that third digit represents corresponding number has just been transferred to access node through the redirect of how many times signal.As can be seen from fourth line data in figure, No. 4 nodes have just been transferred to access node through twice signal redirect.This just illustrates that the radio communication tree topology based on 6LoWPAN agreement exists.And usually only need when communicating with access node with No. 3 nodes with No. 1 node of access node close together (in same room) through 1 redirect, this just proves that stelliform connection topology configuration exists.
Claims (1)
1. based on the communication means of the power param eter supervision of embedded system, it realizes based on embedded OS Contiki and power param eter supervision radio sensing network, and described power param eter supervision radio sensing network comprises terminal node, routing node and access node;
Terminal node, for monitoring parameters of electric power to be monitored, and sends Monitoring Data to routing node and access node;
Routing node, for the transfer of Monitoring Data between terminal node and access node;
Described data for receiving the Monitoring Data from terminal node and routing node, and are sent to control data corporation, and order are assigned to terminal node and routing node by access node;
It is characterized in that, the communication means of described power param eter supervision comprises the steps:
To the step of each routing node, access node and terminal node distributing IP address;
Terminal node, routing node and access node adopt wireless communication protocol 6LoWPAN to transmit the step of data each other;
Described terminal node adopts I in the control procedure of electric power monitoring parameter
2c bus protocol carries out the step of transfer of data;
Each node carries out the step of transfer of data to adopting communication protocol SPI in the control procedure of wireless telecommunications;
Access node adopts communication protocol UART and control data corporation to carry out the step of transfer of data;
The step that terminal node, routing node and access node adopt wireless communication protocol 6LoWPAN to transmit data is each other:
Terminal node and access node are carried out to the step of power-up initializing;
When terminal node, routing node and access node successfully add 6LoWPAN communication network, the step that terminal node is monitored parameters of electric power;
The data monitored are sent to the step of routing node and access node by terminal node;
Terminal node adopts I in the control procedure of electric power monitoring parameter
2the step that C bus protocol carries out transfer of data is:
Terminal node is carried out to the step of power-up initializing;
For the step of the chip configuration address of the electric power monitoring parameter for terminal node;
Adopt I
2c bus protocol is the step of described chip register configuration information;
Adopt I
2c bus protocol reads the step of the monitoring parameter that described chip is measured;
Adopt I
2the monitoring parameter of described measurement is uploaded to the step of the wireless communication module of terminal node by C bus protocol;
The step that access node adopts communication protocol UART and control data corporation to carry out transfer of data is:
Access node is carried out to the step of power-up initializing;
The step enable to the UART serial ports of access node;
The step of the communication baud rate of communication protocol UART is set;
The step of Monitoring Data is sent to control data corporation.
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| CN102005821A (en) * | 2010-12-02 | 2011-04-06 | 国电南瑞科技股份有限公司 | Integrated automation terminal of intelligent station area |
| CN102984010A (en) * | 2012-12-10 | 2013-03-20 | 沧州供电公司 | Automatic back-up system of power dispatching data network nodes |
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| CN102005821A (en) * | 2010-12-02 | 2011-04-06 | 国电南瑞科技股份有限公司 | Integrated automation terminal of intelligent station area |
| CN102984010A (en) * | 2012-12-10 | 2013-03-20 | 沧州供电公司 | Automatic back-up system of power dispatching data network nodes |
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