CN103196762B - Experimental device and method for reforming shale gas reservoir through pulse hydraulic fracturing - Google Patents
Experimental device and method for reforming shale gas reservoir through pulse hydraulic fracturing Download PDFInfo
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- CN103196762B CN103196762B CN201310147687.7A CN201310147687A CN103196762B CN 103196762 B CN103196762 B CN 103196762B CN 201310147687 A CN201310147687 A CN 201310147687A CN 103196762 B CN103196762 B CN 103196762B
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Abstract
The invention relates to an experimental device and method for reforming a shale gas reservoir by pulse hydraulic fracturing. The device can simulate the working environment of the shale rock sample under certain confining pressure conditions under the action of main working parameters such as different pulse pressures, pulse frequencies and the like and can monitor the time-space development rule of the fracture and test the permeability change before and after fracturing in real time, thereby providing an experimental platform for researching the shale gas reservoir stratum pulse hydraulic fracturing technology. The effect is as follows: the experimental device is strong in practicability, easy to assemble, simple and convenient to operate and compact in structure, and can well simulate and research fracture damage and permeability change mechanism of the rock sample under the action of static pressure of the shale gas reservoir and pulse hydraulic fracturing.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates under a kind of simulation Different Strata pressure environment, different pulse and frequency experimental provision and the method for permeability before and after the experiment of pulse waterfrac treatment transformation shale reservoir and Real-Time Monitoring types of fractures and development, mensuration rock core pressure break.
Background technology
China's shale gas reserves are abundant, potentiality to be exploited is large, but complex geologic conditions, bury deeply, are difficult for exploitation.Hydraulic fracturing technology is one of gordian technique of high efficiency, low cost exploitation shale gas, also has the bottleneck problems such as fracturing liquid consumption is large, capacity usage ratio is low, volume fracturing DeGrain when obtaining better application.Pulse waterfrac treatment is a kind of method of new transformation shale reservoir, can effectively use the pulse effects of waterpower and CYCLIC LOADING mode to improve the correctional effect of shale gas reservoir.Owing to lacking the comparatively scientific research of system, coherent pulse waterfrac treatment mechanism scarcity, on fracturing effect, impact is difficult to quantize determine major parameter, thereby has limited application and the development of this technology in gas reservoir transformation field.Therefore, set up the shale gas reservoir pulse waterfrac treatment experiment test system of science, under further investigation pulse hydraulic action, fracture damage and the anatonosis mechanism of shale, significant to the R&D and promotion of this technology.
Conventional waterfrac treatment is mainly to stablize fracturing rock under high pump pressure, then maintaining certain pressure, making fracture propagation.Using pulse waterfrac treatment transformation shale gas reservoir is a kind of new transformation reservoir method, adopts the pressure fracturing rock of certain pulsed frequency, can save water blanket, falls low-energy-consumption.The effect that can also improve waterfrac treatment transformation shale gas reservoir, increases fracture penetration and complexity.
At present, also under triaxial stress, do not specialize in the experimental provision of pulse waterfrac treatment transformation shale gas reservoir both at home and abroad, lack the experimental study of paired pulses waterfrac treatment transformation shale gas reservoir.There is following shortcoming in the experimental provision of the transformation of research waterfrac treatment both at home and abroad reservoir:
1. can only be under constant hydraulic pressure, no pulse frequency, without triaxial stress, can not carry out the pulse waterfrac treatment transformation reservoir experiment of simulated formation.Or can only be at pulse, but without triaxial stress Imitating waterfrac treatment transformation reservoir.
2. can only be after experiment fracturing reform for the monitoring in crack, visual inspection, the ability of shortage Real-Time Monitoring law of crack propagation.
3. the situation that original experimental provision can only be simulated waterpower Energy Simulation and directly impacted rock, can not simulate in the pit shaft that is full of liquid, and pulse hydraulic energy is from the state of pressure break rock radially.
4. original similar experimental provision can not record pressure break front and back permeability variation simultaneously, measures permeability as need, needs removal of core to carry out on other experimental facilities.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of experimental provision and method of pulse waterfrac treatment transformation shale gas reservoir, can simulate the waterfrac treatment state of reservoir rock under different triaxial stresses, pulse and pulsed frequency, and Real-Time Monitoring pressure break fracturing rock fracture development and type, measure rock core pressure break front and back permeability, evaluate pulse waterfrac treatment effect.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
First the present invention proposes a kind of experimental provision of pulse waterfrac treatment transformation shale gas reservoir, and it comprises pulse generation and control system, triaxial stress charger, Crack Monitoring device and permeability determination system; Wherein:
Described triaxial stress charger is made up of upper steel seat, lower steel seat, core holding unit, axle pressure and radial pressure loading system; Described core holding unit surrounds tubular, transmits radial force to being held on rock core test specimen in cylinder, and upper steel seat and lower steel seat lay respectively at the upper and lower two ends of core holding unit, are close to the two ends up and down of rock core test specimen, transmit axial force; Described upper steel seat and lower steel seat all have center pit, and one end is corresponding with the rock core central hole location of rock core test specimen, is interconnected; Described axle pressure and radial pressure loading system, by loading terminalization in core holding unit and upper steel seat, lower steel seat, provide confined pressure and the axle pressure of loading.Adopt this triaxial stress charger, rock sample in whole pulse fracturing process in triaxial stress situation, easy to assembly, can be assembled in normal triaxial stress loading system or existing triaxial strength proving installation.
Described pulse generation and control system comprise pressure break liquid pool, high-pressure pump, throttling valve, surplus valve, waterpower pulse generating apparatus, pressure transducer, data acquisition system (DAS); The center pit other end of described upper steel seat and lower steel seat is connected throttling valve and surplus valve by pipeline respectively, feed tube picks out from pressure break liquid pool, connect throttling valve import by high-pressure pump, the first switch valve, drain pipe is connected to pressure break liquid pool from surplus valve outlet, forms the circulation of liquid stream; Be connected to a branch line to the pipeline between high-pressure pump and the first switch valve from pressure break liquid pool, and second switch valve is installed on described branch line; Described waterpower pulse generating apparatus is arranged on the center pit exit position of steel seat; Described pressure transducer is built in lower steel seat, connects outside data acquisition system (DAS) by signal wire.
When work, use waterpower pulse generating apparatus to produce and automatically produce the fracturing liquid with pulse performance, utilize throttle valve adjustment flow, surplus valve regulating impulse pressure, high-pressure pump provides high-pressure fluid.Pressure transducer transmission fracturing liquid pressure and pulsed frequency data, to data acquisition logging system, are utilized the data feedback of record, regulate throttling valve, surplus valve, make pulse and frequency reach requirement of experiment.Cooperation between throttling valve, surplus valve, high-pressure pump, pressure transducer and data acquisition logging system regulates, can produce the pulse fracturing liquid of different pressures, frequency, for studying the situation of various pulse waterfrac treatment transformation shale gas reservoirs and contrasting with conventional waterfrac treatment.
Described Crack Monitoring device adopts acoustic emission signal collector, is mounted on the calibrate AE sensor on core holding unit by signal wire, and its output signal is connected to data acquisition system (DAS).Use the crack progressing situation and the types of fractures that in acoustic emission signal collector acquisition pulse fracturing process, produce, and record crack signal with data acquisition logging system, be convenient to study pulse hydraulically created fracture.
Described permeability determination system comprises described stop valve, pressure regulator valve, flowmeter, pressure gauge, core holding unit and source of the gas.The outlet pipe of source of the gas connects pressure regulator valve, and gas enters rock core test specimen by one end of core holding unit, and gaseous tension is by pressure regulator valve control.It is nitrogen that this experimental provision can pump into medium, regulates pressure regulator valve, coordinates pressure transducer and data acquisition logging system, measures core permeability.
Described permeability determination system and pulse generation and the pipeline of control system be replaceability be connected with the pipeline at core holding unit two ends, carry out respectively different mensuration.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: controlled pulse hydraulic energy can be provided, can simulate shale rock under the triaxial stress of stratum and be similar to waterfrac treatment actual environment in pit shaft, the state of pulse hydraulic energy fracturing rock, in simultaneously can Real-Time Monitoring fracturing process, crack progressing situation and crack produce type, measure core permeability, can contrast with conventional waterfrac treatment, evaluate pulse waterfrac treatment effect, instruct the exploitation of waterfrac treatment new technology.This system can be carried out the Contrast on effect experiment of pulse waterfrac treatment and conventional waterfrac treatment, also can directly measure pressure break front and back core permeability, assessment pulse fracturing effect.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is pulse waterfrac treatment transformation shale gas reservoir experimental provision structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of rock core packing ring.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of triaxial stress charger.
Fig. 4 is that core permeability is measured schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 A is the direction of gas permeation in rock core.
In figure, 1-pressure break liquid pool, 2-high-pressure pump, 3-throttling valve, 4-waterpower pulse generating apparatus, 5-epoxy gluing layer, 6-packing ring, 7-rock core test specimen, 8-acoustic emission signal collector, 9-data acquisition logging system, 10-pressure transducer, 11-filtration unit, 12-surplus valve, 13-rock core center pit, 14-second switch valve, 15-the first switch valve, the upper steel seat of 16-, 17-is holder radially, steel seat under 18-, 19-source of the gas, 20-calibrate AE sensor, 21-stop valve, 22-pressure regulator valve, 23-flowmeter, 24-pressure gauge.
Embodiment
Above-mentioned is only the general introduction of technical solution of the present invention, and in order to better understand technological means of the present invention, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
The experimental provision of a kind of pulse waterfrac treatment transformation of the present invention shale gas reservoir, comprises pulse generation, monitoring and control system, triaxial stress charger, Crack Monitoring device and permeability determination system.
Consult Fig. 1 and Fig. 3, triaxial stress charger is made up of upper steel seat 16, lower steel seat 18, core holding unit and triaxial stress loading system that radially holder 17 forms, triaxial stress loading system axially can provide 0-4000kN pressure, radially can provide 0-50MPa confined pressure, rock core specification Φ 100mm × 200mm.Radially holder 17 can by two, three arc pieces surround one cylindric, transmit radial force to being held on rock core test specimen in cylinder.Waterpower pulse generating apparatus 4, pressure transducer 10 are built-in respectively at being convenient to load axle pressure in upper steel seat 16, lower steel seat 18.Packing ring 6 and epoxy gluing layer 5 are enclosed in rock core two ends, while preventing from loading axle pressure, make rock core two ends be subject to the physical damage of non-experiment purpose.Packing ring 6 stretches into the interior 5mm of rock core center pit 13, prevents that pulse hydraulic energy runs off by rock core two ends, does not have pulse fracturing effect.
Consult Fig. 1, pulse generation, monitoring and control system are made up of pressure break liquid pool 1, high-pressure pump 2, throttling valve 3, waterpower pulse generating apparatus 4, data acquisition logging system 9, pressure transducer 10, filtration unit 11, surplus valve 12, second switch valve 14, the first switch valve 15.The center pit other end of upper steel seat 16 and lower steel seat 18 is connected throttling valve 3 and surplus valve 12 by pipeline respectively, feed tube picks out from pressure break liquid pool, connect throttling valve 3 imports by high-pressure pump 2, the first switch valve 15, drain pipe is connected to pressure break liquid pool 1 from surplus valve 12 outlets, forms the circulation of liquid stream; Be connected to a branch line to the pipeline between high-pressure pump 2 and the first switch valve 15 from pressure break liquid pool 1, and second switch valve 14 is installed on described branch line.Be exported to filtration unit 11 is installed on the pipeline between surplus valve 12 at the center pit of lower steel seat 18.Described waterpower pulse generating apparatus 4 is arranged on the center pit exit position of steel seat 16; Described pressure transducer 10 is built in lower steel seat 18, connects outside data acquisition system (DAS) 9 by signal wire.Waterpower pulse generating apparatus 4 is a vibration nozzle, replaceable.After high-pressure pump 2 is opened, throttling valve 3, data acquisition logging system 9, pressure transducer 10, surplus valve 12 are used in conjunction with, and reach predetermined requirement of experiment pulsed frequency and pulse.Can change pulsed frequency and pulse by changing waterpower pulse generating apparatus 4 types and adjusting high-pressure pump 2 pump pressures in addition, this experimental provision pulsed frequency can reach 0-2000HZ, and pulse can reach 0-100MPa.Filtration unit 11 filters the rock core chip producing because of pressure break rock core, and fracturing liquid is recycled.Second switch valve 14, the first switch valve 15 play the effect of connecting or changing the experiment fracturing liquid flow direction used that pumps of high-pressure pump.
Consult Fig. 1, Crack Monitoring system is made up of acoustic emission signal collector 8, data acquisition logging system 9, calibrate AE sensor 20.Calibrate AE sensor 20 is embedded in radially in holder 17, and in acoustic emission signal collector 8 acquisition pulse waterfrac treatment processes, crack progressing situation, crack produce type.Record and Treatment Analysis to data acquisition logging system 9 by line transmissions.
Consult Fig. 4 and Fig. 4 A, permeability determination system comprises stop valve 21, pressure regulator valve 22, flowmeter 23, pressure gauge 24, core holding unit and source of the gas 19, the outlet pipe of source of the gas 19 connects pressure regulator valve 22, one end through flowmeter 23, pressure gauge 24, core holding unit enters rock core test specimen, gaseous tension is controlled by pressure regulator valve 22, the ability of pressure regulator valve 22 concrete meticulous controlled pressures.
Consult Fig. 3, in the middle of rock core test specimen 7, having a diameter is 10mm rock core center pit 13.All there is the center pit of a 10mm diameter in upper steel seat 16, lower steel seat 18, packing ring 6 and epoxy gluing layer 5 center, and is connected with rock core center pit 13.Be embedded in packing ring 6 and stretch into certain length in rock, avoid the sealing of rock sample from the experiment of entrance end destroying infection.
Consult Fig. 2, packing ring 6 embeds in rock core bore portion external diameter and rock core center pit 13 internal diameters always, rock core center pit 13 diameter 10mm, and packing ring 6 diameter 100mm, consistent with core diameter.
The method that uses the experimental provision of a kind of pulse waterfrac treatment transformation of the present invention shale gas reservoir to test, mainly comprises the following steps.
Step 1, produce on request band Φ 10mm hole, center rock core Φ 100mm × 200mm several, and ensure that rock core two ends and circumference polish; Configuring fracturing liquid is stored in pressure break liquid pool 1.
Step 2, packs rock core test specimen in core holding unit into, loads onto permeability determination system at core holding unit two ends, close stop valve 21, pump into gas, regulate pressure regulator valve 22 to control gaseous tension, start to measure core permeability, record pumps into gaseous tension, atmospheric pressure, gas inject flow.Can calculate permeability before gas rock core pressure break according to following formula.After testing, close source of the gas, remove permeability determination system, removal of core test specimen.
Wherein: Q
i-be gas inject flow (m
3/ s), μ-gas viscosity (Pas), r
1-rock core post inside radius (m), r
2-rock core post external radius (m), H-rock core post thickness (m), P
i-pump into gaseous tension (Pa), P
atm-atmospheric pressure (Pa).
Step 3, opens second switch valve 14, closes after the first switch valve 15, opens high-pressure pump 2, after waiting high-pressure pump 2 pump pressures stable, opens data acquisition logging system 9, the first switch valves 15, closes second switch valve 14.Observed data acquisition and recording system 9, regulates throttling valve 3, surplus valve 11, makes pulse and frequency reach requirement of experiment, then opens second switch valve 14, closes the first switch valve 15.
Step 4, packs the rock core test specimen preparing in core holding unit 17 into, regulates triaxial stress charger, reaches the required confined pressure of experiment, axle pressure requirement.
Step 5, opens acoustic emission signal collector 8;
Step 6, open the first switch valve 15, close second switch valve 14, start experiment, fracturing liquid from high-pressure pump 2 through the first switch valve 15 to throttling valve (3), then to waterpower pulse generating apparatus 4, produce pulsed flow, pressure break rock core, last fracturing liquid flows to pressure break liquid pool 1 through rock core center pit 13, filtration unit 11, surplus valve 12 successively, and every data are recorded in experiment midway.Pressure break experiment finishes, and opens second switch valve 14, closes the first switch valve 15, and fracturing liquid forms circulation through high-pressure pump 2, second switch valve 14, pressure break liquid pool 1, prevents switch high-pressure pump 2 repeatedly, causes high-pressure pump 2 to damage.
Step 7, again permeability determination System Replacement is installed, close stop valve 21, pump into gas, regulated and controlled gaseous tension by pressure regulator valve 22, start to measure core permeability, record pumps into gaseous tension, atmospheric pressure, gas inject flow, according to step 2 correlation formula, core permeability after calculating pressure break.
Step 8, as need are studied the pulse waterfrac treatment experiment under different triaxial stresses, repeating step 4-7.As waterfrac treatment situation under need research different pulse frequency and pulse pressure break, repeating step 2-7, or before repeating 3 steps, change after waterpower pulse generating apparatus 4 repeating step 2-7.
Step 9, experiment finishes, and closes high-pressure pump 2, lays down triaxial stress, processes fracturing waste liquor.
Claims (7)
1. an experimental provision for pulse waterfrac treatment transformation shale gas reservoir, comprises pulse generation and control system, triaxial stress charger, Crack Monitoring device and permeability determination system; It is characterized in that:
Described triaxial stress charger is made up of core holding unit and axle pressure and radial pressure loading system; Described core holding unit comprises steel seat (16), lower steel seat (18) and holder (17) radially, described radially holder (17) surrounds tubular, transmit radial force to the rock core test specimen being held in cylinder, upper steel seat (16) and lower steel seat (18) lay respectively at the radially upper and lower two ends of holder, transmit axial force to rock core test specimen; Described upper steel seat (16) and lower steel seat (18) all have center pit, are interconnected with the rock core center pit of rock core test specimen; Described axle pressure and radial pressure loading system are by loading terminalization in radially holder (17), upper steel seat (16) and lower steel seat (18), confined pressure and the axle pressure of loading being provided;
Described pulse generation and control system comprise pressure break liquid pool (1), high-pressure pump (2), throttling valve (3), surplus valve (12), waterpower pulse generating apparatus (4), pressure transducer (10), data acquisition system (DAS) (9); The two ends up and down of core holding unit, the center pit of going up steel seat (16) and lower steel seat (18) is connected throttling valve (3) and surplus valve (12) by pipeline respectively, feed tube picks out from pressure break liquid pool, connect throttling valve (3) import by high-pressure pump (2), the first switch valve (15), drain pipe is connected to pressure break liquid pool (1) from surplus valve (12) outlet, forms the circulation of liquid stream; Be connected to a branch line to the pipeline between high-pressure pump (2) and the first switch valve (15) from pressure break liquid pool (1), and second switch valve (14) is installed on described branch line; Described waterpower pulse generating apparatus (4) is arranged on the center pit exit position of steel seat (16); Described pressure transducer (10) is built in lower steel seat (18), connects outside data acquisition system (DAS) (9) by signal wire;
Described Crack Monitoring device adopts acoustic emission signal collector (8), is mounted on the calibrate AE sensor (20) on core holding unit by signal wire, and its output signal is connected to data acquisition system (DAS) (9);
Described permeability determination system comprises stop valve (21), pressure regulator valve (22), flowmeter (23), pressure gauge (24) and source of the gas (19), the air delivering pipeline of source of the gas (19) connects pressure regulator valve (22), flowmeter (23), pressure gauge (24), and accessed by the pipeline of one end of core holding unit, gas is inputted to rock core test specimen, gaseous tension is controlled by pressure regulator valve (22), and stop valve (21) is arranged on the pipeline by the core holding unit other end.
2. the experimental provision of pulse waterfrac treatment according to claim 1 transformation shale gas reservoir, is characterized in that: also include packing ring (6), it is fixed between the upper/lower terminal of rock core test specimen and upper steel seat (16), lower steel seat (18).
3. the experimental provision of pulse waterfrac treatment transformation shale gas reservoir according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described packing ring (6) is cementing fixing by epoxy gluing layer (5).
4. according to the experimental provision of the pulse waterfrac treatment transformation shale gas reservoir described in claim 2 or 3, it is characterized in that: the central hole location of packing ring (6) has protruding Embedded Division, embed the rock core center pit (13) of rock core test specimen.
5. according to the experimental provision of the pulse waterfrac treatment transformation shale gas reservoir described in claim 2 or 3, the center pit that it is characterized in that steel seat (18) under place is exported to filtration unit (11) is installed on the pipeline between surplus valve (12).
6. according to the experimental provision of the pulse waterfrac treatment transformation shale gas reservoir described in claim 2 or 3, it is characterized in that: the pipeline at described core holding unit two ends is connected with control system with permeability determination system or pulse generation by hydraulic quick coupler.
7. the experimental technique that carries out pulse waterfrac treatment transformation shale gas reservoir according to the device described in any one in right to use requirement 1-6, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) rock core test specimen (7) is packed in core holding unit, load onto permeability determination system at core holding unit two ends, close stop valve (21), pump into gas from pressure regulator valve (22) end, measure the front core permeability of pressure break, test rear removal of core test specimen;
(2) remove permeability determination system, removal of core test specimen, load onto pulse generation and control system at core holding unit two ends, open high-pressure pump (2), fracturing liquid flows to waterpower pulse generating apparatus (4) production burst fluid through high pressure line, pressure transducer (10) Real-Time Monitoring pulse situation, data acquisition logging system (9) records pulse, the frequency that pressure transducer (10) spreads out of; By pulse, the frequency of observed and recorded, regulate throttling valve (3), surplus valve (11), reach experiment required pulse pressure and frequency, then open second switch valve (14), close the first switch valve (15);
(3) rock core test specimen is packed in core holding unit, regulate triaxial stress charger, reach pre-provisioning request;
(4) open acoustic emission signal collector (8);
(5) open the first switch valve (15), close second switch valve (14), start experiment, gather rock core in experiment by acoustic emission signal collector (8) and damage the signal sending, be transferred to data acquisition logging system (9) record;
(6) again permeability determination System Replacement is installed, close stop valve (21), pump into gas from pressure regulator valve (22) end, core permeability after mensuration pressure break;
(7) according to different pulse frequency, pulse, triaxial stress needs, repeating step (1)-step (6);
(8) experiment finishes, and closes high-pressure pump (2), lays down triaxial stress, processes fracturing waste liquor.
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