CN103196473B - Multi-channel high-accuracy fiber grating sensing demodulation device and demodulation method thereof - Google Patents
Multi-channel high-accuracy fiber grating sensing demodulation device and demodulation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of multi-channel high-accuracy fiber grating demodulation device and demodulation method thereof, wherein, device adopts wideband light source, tunable FP wave filter and image intensifer serial connection to build tunable laser, obtains high stability, high-power tunable laser exports; Using the reflected signal amplitude of fiber grating as dynamic feedback, adopt the optical power attenuation amount that electric-controlled adjustable optical attenuator dynamic realtime regulates each optic fiber grating wavelength corresponding, thus under each optic fiber grating wavelength, obtain the high s/n ratio transducing signal luminous power of the amplitude stability of dynamic compensation, the comprehensive compensation unevenness of light source, Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Array lay and use in not expected dynamic change, thus effectively improve long-term detectability and the accuracy of detection of fiber-optic grating sensor.Good application prospect is had at space flight, aviation, petrochemical industry, building and power domain.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to optical fiber grating sensing field, this demodulating equipment and method can be used for the demodulation application of the sensors such as the various strain based on fiber grating, temperature, pressure, and application scenario comprises space flight, aviation, petrochemical industry, building and electric power.
Background technology
Fiber grating sensing system take light as carrier, and optical fiber is medium.Except have size little, lightweight, be with wide, highly sensitive, the advantage such as anti-electromagnetic interference capability is strong and corrosion resistance is strong except, and be on wavelength absolute encoding, do not affect by optical power fluctuation, collect sensing be transmitted in one, be easy to make and imbed material internal, realized the measurement of the multiple physical quantitys such as stress, strain, temperature.Compare traditional electrical sensor-based system, this technology has more advantage under the harsh and unforgiving environments such as strong electromagnetic, inflammable and explosive or thermovacuum.
Although fiber grating sensing system only depends on optic fiber grating wavelength in theory, the intensity of signal can have influence on the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of fiber grating spectrum, and then has influence on wavelength extraction.Therefore the light signal needing each sensor to return in sensor-based system has identical amplitude size.A kind of feasible way adopts the light source of the planarization fiber-optic grating sensor consistent with reflectivity performance to realize, and solves the problem that the signal attenuation of spectral scan technology is large and channel is limited based on tunable fabry-perot filter.
But in the application scenario of reality, each fiber grating is after installation wiring, reflectance spectrum amplitude can change, especially along with measurement environment changes, such as under ultra-low temperature surroundings, when wiring is bending excessive, fixing glue worsens and optical fiber coating material deformation all can cause fiber transmission attenuation and fiber grating reflectance spectrum amplitude to produce not expected dynamic change, multiple reflected amplitudes differences in each passage are increased, occurs that the reflection peak of some fiber gratings cannot detect and the difficulty that lost efficacy.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to solve the deficiencies in the prior art, proposing a kind of signal power dynamically from smooth multi-channel high-accuracy fiber grating sensing demodulation device and demodulation method thereof.This fiber grating demodulation device is using the reflected signal amplitude of fiber grating as dynamic feedback, the non-flat forms of compensatory light luminous power and system lay the dynamic not expected change of light loss in use, from long-term detectability and the accuracy of detection that effectively can improve fiber-optic grating sensor.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the first technical scheme that multi-channel high-accuracy fiber grating sensing demodulation device of the present invention is achieved is: this device comprises wideband light source, fixed optical attenuator, optoisolator, tunable FP wave filter, image intensifer, fiber coupler, optical fiber FP etalon, electric-controlled adjustable optical attenuator, 1 × N photoswitch, multiple fiber optic passive device, Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Array, the first photodetector, the second photodetector, capture card and computing machine; Wherein:
Wideband light source: adopt any one in C-band ASE light source, C+L wave band ASE light source and SLD light source, output power is at 0.5mW ~ 10mW;
Fixed optical attenuator: be used for regulating source device output optical power, to reach tunable FP wave filter to the limited field of entrance power;
Optoisolator: prevent the light exported from light source to be reflected back light source, to reduce to damage light source;
Tunable FP wave filter: by leaching the narrow spectral signal of wavelength variations from wideband light source to the adjustment of its driving voltage, thus the tunable laser forming high stability exports, the spectrum width of tunable FP wave filter is at 10pm ~ 200pm, and free spectral limit is 100nm ~ 200nm;
Image intensifer: adopt the image intensifer mated with light source works wave band, image intensifer selects fiber amplifier or semiconductor optical amplifier, amplifies tunable laser Output optical power through image intensifer, thus the tunable laser forming 10mW exports;
Fiber coupler: the laser inputted through image intensifer 5 is divided into two bundles; Light beam carries out wavelength calibration process by being transferred to computing machine after optical fiber FP etalon, photodetector and capture card successively, and another light beam is transferred to by after electric-controlled adjustable optical attenuator, 1 × N photoswitch and fiber optic passive device the Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Array be made up of the fiber-optic grating sensor of multiple series connection, different reflection wavelength successively;
Optical fiber FP etalon: for the comb δ function formula line of optical frequency interval such as exporting, optical frequency interval is at 10GHz ~ 100GHz;
Electric-controlled adjustable optical attenuator: the optical power attenuation amount regulating each optic fiber grating wavelength corresponding for dynamic realtime, thus obtain under each optic fiber grating wavelength dynamic compensation, the transducing signal luminous power of amplitude stability;
1 × N photoswitch: by controlling its drive plate, realize the corresponding switching of light on N road, the numerical value of N is selected from 2, and 4,8,16,32,64, one in 128;
Multiple fiber optic passive device: the optical transport sent by light source is to examined object and collect reflected signal light, fiber optic passive device adopts optical fiber circulator or fiber coupler;
Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Array: the parameter change caused for the extraneous object to be measured of perception, and be encoded on fiber grating reflection wavelength; Described optical fibre optical grating sensing array build employing Time Division Multiplexing Fabric.
First photodetector and the second photodetector: the first photodetector is arranged between optical fiber FP etalon and capture card, second photodetector is arranged between each fiber optic passive device and capture card, and the first photodetector and the second photodetector are respectively for being converted into voltage analog signal by the light signal of input;
Capture card: gather the voltage analog signal obtained by the first photodetector and the second photodetector, and export the simulating signal, the digital signal of 1 × N photoswitch and the simulating signal of electric-controlled adjustable optical attenuator that control tunable FP wave filter;
Computing machine: by the control to capture card, the demodulation realizing multi-channel fiber Bragg grating calculates, shows and stores.
Multi-channel high-accuracy fiber grating sensing demodulation method of the present invention, adopts the first technical scheme of above-mentioned apparatus for sensing demodulating to carry out demodulation, comprises the following steps:
Step one: the light that wideband light source sends passes through fixed optical attenuator, the light being input to tunable FP wave filter is made to meet the restriction requirement of its entrance power, optoisolator between wideband light source and tunable FP wave filter is in order to ensure the direction of optic path, and the tunable laser that the tunable laser that tunable FP wave filter exports obtains 10mW after image intensifer amplifies exports;
Step 2: fiber coupler adopts splitting ratio to be the coupling mechanism of 90:10, the tunable laser that image intensifer exports is divided into two bundles of 10:90 by fiber coupler, wherein: image intensifer export 10% light distribute to optical fiber FP etalon, by the first photodetector, the light signal that optical fiber FP etalon exports is converted into voltage analog signal, and be input to capture card, the spectrogram of optical fiber FP etalon is obtained by capture card gated sweep frame, carry out algorithm process by computing machine, thus tunable laser output wavelength is corrected; Image intensifer export 90% light be used for optical fiber grating sensing;
Step 3: control 1 × N photoswitch by capture card and switch, thus form multi-channel fiber Bragg grating sensing network, fiber coupler export 90% light after the optical power attenuation amount that an electric-controlled adjustable optical attenuator regulates each sampled point corresponding in real time, time-multiplexed N channel light beam is formed for optical fiber grating sensing by 1 × N photoswitch, every bar passage all can be connected multiple fiber-optic grating sensor, and utilize multiple fiber optic passive device to obtain the reflected light of multiple fiber-optic grating sensor, reflected light is converted into voltage analog signal via the second photodetector, after capture card gathers this voltage analog signal, using the sensor fibre grating reflection spectral of acquisition as feedback information, in order to control the driving voltage of electric-controlled adjustable optical attenuator, thus regulate the light decrement that each sampled point is corresponding, realize the dynamic from smooth function of transducing signal reflected amplitudes,
Step 4: capture card is input to computing machine by scanning the sensor fibre grating reflection spectral information obtained successively from the second electric explorer, demodulate by algorithm the tested point physical parameter that optical fiber grating sensing network carries, and realize the process of data, storage and display.
The second technical scheme that multi-channel high-accuracy fiber grating sensing demodulation device of the present invention is achieved is: this device comprises wideband light source, fixed optical attenuator, optoisolator, tunable FP wave filter, image intensifer, fiber coupler, optical fiber FP etalon, electric-controlled adjustable optical attenuator, 1 × N fiber optic splitter, multiple fiber optic passive device, Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Array, the first photodetector, multiple second photodetector, capture card and computing machine; Only be with the difference of the first apparatus for sensing demodulating above-mentioned:
1 × N fiber optic splitter: the wideband light source of input is divided into N and restraints the broadband light that light intensity is identical, spectrum shape is identical, N value is selected from 2,4,8,16,32,64, one in 128;
Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Array: the parameter change caused for the extraneous object to be measured of perception, and be encoded on fiber grating reflection wavelength; Building of described optical fibre optical grating sensing array adopts space division multiplexing structure, and every bar passage configures an electric-controlled adjustable optical attenuator respectively;
First photodetector and multiple second photodetector: the first photodetector is arranged between optical fiber FP etalon and capture card, each second photodetector is arranged between each fiber optic passive device and capture card respectively, and the first photodetector and the second photodetector are respectively for being converted into voltage analog signal by the light signal of input.
Multi-channel high-accuracy fiber grating sensing demodulation method of the present invention, adopts the second technical scheme of above-mentioned apparatus for sensing demodulating to carry out demodulation, comprises the following steps:
Step one: the light that wideband light source sends passes through fixed optical attenuator, the light being input to tunable FP wave filter is made to meet the restriction requirement of its entrance power, optoisolator between wideband light source and tunable FP wave filter is in order to ensure the direction of optic path, and the tunable laser that the tunable laser that tunable FP wave filter exports obtains 10mW after image intensifer amplifies exports;
Step 2: fiber coupler adopts splitting ratio to be the coupling mechanism of 90:10, and the tunable laser that image intensifer exports is divided into two bundles of 10:90 by fiber coupler, wherein:
Image intensifer export 10% light distribute to optical fiber FP etalon, by the first photodetector, the light signal that optical fiber FP etalon exports is converted into voltage analog signal, and be input to capture card, the spectrogram of optical fiber FP etalon is obtained by capture card gated sweep frame, carry out algorithm process by computing machine, thus tunable laser output wavelength is corrected;
Image intensifer export 90% light be used for optical fiber grating sensing;
Step 3: adopt 1 × N fiber optic splitter to form multi-channel fiber Bragg grating sensing network, the light of exported by fiber coupler 90%, the N channel light beam being made up of space division multiplexing 1 × N fiber optic splitter is used for optical fiber grating sensing, after every bar passage configures an electric-controlled adjustable optical attenuator respectively, to connect multiple fiber-optic grating sensor, and utilize multiple fiber optic passive device to obtain the reflected light of multiple fiber-optic grating sensor, reflected light is converted into voltage analog signal via the second photodetector, after capture card gathers this voltage analog signal, using the sensor fibre grating reflection spectral of acquisition as feedback information, in order to control the driving voltage of electric-controlled adjustable optical attenuator, thus regulate the light decrement that each sampled point is corresponding, realize the dynamic from smooth function of transducing signal reflected amplitudes,
Step 4: the sensor fibre grating reflection spectral information obtained from multiple second electric explorer synchronous scanning is input to computing machine by capture card, demodulate by algorithm the tested point physical parameter that optical fiber grating sensing network carries, and realize the process of data, storage and display.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, the present invention adopts the optical power attenuation amount that electric-controlled adjustable optical attenuator dynamic realtime regulates each optic fiber grating wavelength corresponding, thus under each optic fiber grating wavelength, obtain the high s/n ratio transducing signal luminous power of the amplitude stability of dynamic compensation, this comprehensive compensation unevenness of light source, Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Array lay and use in not expected dynamic change, thus effectively improve long-term detectability and the accuracy of detection of fiber-optic grating sensor.
2, wideband light source, tunable FP wave filter and image intensifer serial connection is adopted to build linear pattern tunable laser, when obtaining high-power tunable laser and exporting, there is high stability simultaneously, the power swing avoiding traditional ring cavity type fibre-optical tunable wave laser instrument is large, the difficulty that optical noise is large and sweep velocity is limited.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the first structural representation of multi-channel high-accuracy fiber grating demodulation device of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is multi-channel high-accuracy fiber grating demodulation device the second structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is by the forward and backward fiber grating spectrum comparison diagram of multi-channel high-accuracy fiber grating sensing demodulation of the present invention.
In figure:
1-wideband light source, 2-fixed optical attenuator, 3-optoisolator, 4-is tunable FP wave filter, 5-image intensifer, 6-fiber coupler, 7-optical fiber FP etalon, 8-electric-controlled adjustable optical attenuator, 9-1 × N photoswitch, 10-1 × N fiber optic splitter, 11-fiber optic passive device, 12-Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Array, 13-first photodetector, 14-capture card, 15-computing machine, 16-second photodetector.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of structure of multi-channel high-accuracy fiber grating sensing demodulation device of the present invention is, this device comprises wideband light source 1, fixed optical attenuator 2, optoisolator 3, tunable FP wave filter 4, image intensifer 5, fiber coupler 6, optical fiber FP etalon 7, electric-controlled adjustable optical attenuator 8,1 × N photoswitch 9, multiple fiber optic passive device 11, Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Array 12, first photodetector 13, second photodetector 16, capture card 14 and computing machine 15.
Wideband light source 1: adopt any one in C-band ASE light source, C+L wave band ASE light source and SLD light source, output power is at 0.5mW ~ 10mW;
Fixed optical attenuator 2: be used for regulating source device output optical power, to reach the limited field of tunable FP wave filter 4 pairs of entrance power;
Optoisolator 3: prevent the light exported from light source to be reflected back light source, to reduce to damage light source;
Tunable FP wave filter 4: by leaching the narrow spectral signal of wavelength variations from wideband light source to the adjustment of its driving voltage, thus the tunable laser forming high stability exports, the spectrum width of tunable FP wave filter is at 10pm ~ 200pm, and free spectral limit is 100nm ~ 200nm;
Image intensifer 5: adopt the image intensifer mated with light source works wave band, image intensifer 5 selects fiber amplifier or semiconductor optical amplifier, amplifies tunable laser Output optical power through image intensifer 5, thus the tunable laser forming 10mW exports;
Fiber coupler 6: the laser inputted through image intensifer 5 is divided into two bundles; Light beam carries out wavelength calibration process by being transferred to computing machine 15 after optical fiber FP etalon 7, photodetector 13 and capture card 14 successively, and another light beam is transferred to by after electric-controlled adjustable optical attenuator 8,1 × N photoswitch 9 and fiber optic passive device 11 Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Array 12 be made up of the fiber-optic grating sensor of multiple series connection, different reflection wavelength successively;
Optical fiber FP etalon 7: for the comb δ function formula line of optical frequency interval such as exporting, optical frequency interval is at 10GHz ~ 100GHz;
Electric-controlled adjustable optical attenuator 8: the optical power attenuation amount regulating each optic fiber grating wavelength corresponding for dynamic realtime, thus obtain under each optic fiber grating wavelength dynamic compensation, the transducing signal luminous power of amplitude stability;
1 × N photoswitch 9: by controlling its drive plate, realize the corresponding switching of light on N road, the numerical value of N is selected from 2, and 4,8,16,32,64, one in 128;
Fiber optic passive device 11: the optical transport sent by light source is to examined object and collect reflected signal light, fiber optic passive device adopts optical fiber circulator or fiber coupler;
Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Array 12: the parameter change caused for the extraneous object to be measured of perception, and be encoded on fiber grating reflection wavelength;
First photodetector 13 and the second photodetector 16: the first photodetector 13 are arranged between optical fiber FP etalon 7 and capture card 14, second photodetector 16 is arranged between fiber optic passive device 11 and capture card 14, and the first photodetector 13 and the second photodetector 16 are respectively for being converted into voltage analog signal by the light signal of input;
Capture card 14: gather the voltage analog signal obtained by the first photodetector 13 and the second photodetector 16, and export the simulating signal controlling the simulating signal of tunable FP wave filter 8, the digital signal of 1 × N photoswitch 9 and electric-controlled adjustable optical attenuator 4;
Computing machine 15: by the control to capture card 14, the demodulation realizing multi-channel fiber Bragg grating calculates, shows and stores.
As shown in Figure 2, the second structure of multi-channel high-accuracy fiber grating sensing demodulation device of the present invention is: this device comprises wideband light source 1, fixed optical attenuator 2, optoisolator 3, tunable FP wave filter 4, image intensifer 5, fiber coupler 6, optical fiber FP etalon 7, electric-controlled adjustable optical attenuator 8,1 × N fiber optic splitter 10, multiple fiber optic passive device 11, Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Array 12, first photodetector 13, multiple second photodetector 16, capture card 14 and computing machine 15; Wherein:
1 × N fiber optic splitter 10: the wideband light source of input is divided into N and restraints the broadband light that light intensity is identical, spectrum shape is identical, N value is selected from 2,4,8,16,32,64, one in 128;
Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Array 12: the parameter change caused for the extraneous object to be measured of perception, and be encoded on fiber grating reflection wavelength; Building of described optical fibre optical grating sensing array 12 adopts space division multiplexing structure, and every bar passage configures an electric-controlled adjustable optical attenuator respectively;
First photodetector 13 and multiple second photodetector 16: the first photodetector 13 are arranged between optical fiber FP etalon and capture card, each second photodetector is arranged between each fiber optic passive device and capture card respectively, and the first photodetector and the second photodetector are respectively for being converted into voltage analog signal by the light signal of input.
The step of carrying out demodulation with the apparatus for sensing demodulating of the first structure above-mentioned is provided in the present invention:
Step one: the light that wideband light source 1 sends is by fixed optical attenuator 2, the light being input to tunable FP wave filter 4 is made to meet the restriction requirement of its entrance power, optoisolator 3 between wideband light source 1 and tunable FP wave filter 4 is in order to ensure the direction of optic path, and the tunable laser that the tunable laser that tunable FP wave filter 4 exports obtains 10mW after image intensifer 5 amplifies exports;
Step 2: fiber coupler 6 adopts splitting ratio to be the coupling mechanism of 90:10, and the tunable laser that image intensifer 5 exports is divided into two bundles of 10:90 by fiber coupler 6, wherein:
Image intensifer 5 export 10% light distribute to optical fiber FP etalon 7, by the first photodetector 13, the light signal that optical fiber FP etalon 7 exports is converted into voltage analog signal, and be input to capture card 14, the spectrogram of optical fiber FP etalon 7 is obtained by capture card 14 gated sweep frame, carry out algorithm process by computing machine 15, thus tunable laser output wavelength is corrected;
Image intensifer 5 export 90% light be used for optical fiber grating sensing;
Step 3: control 1 × N photoswitch 9 by capture card 14 and switch, thus form multi-channel fiber Bragg grating sensing network, fiber coupler 6 export 90% light regulate in real time after the optical power attenuation amount that each sampled point is corresponding through an electric-controlled adjustable optical attenuator 8, time-multiplexed N channel light beam is formed for optical fiber grating sensing by 1 × N photoswitch 9, every bar passage all can be connected multiple fiber-optic grating sensor, and utilize multiple fiber optic passive device 11 to obtain the reflected light of multiple fiber-optic grating sensor, reflected light is converted into voltage analog signal via the second photodetector 16, after capture card 15 gathers this voltage analog signal, using the sensor fibre grating reflection spectral of acquisition as feedback information, in order to control the driving voltage of electric-controlled adjustable optical attenuator 8, thus regulate the light decrement that each sampled point is corresponding, realize the dynamic from smooth function of transducing signal reflected amplitudes,
Step 4: capture card 15 is input to computing machine 15 by scanning the sensor fibre grating reflection spectral information obtained successively from the second electric explorer 16, demodulate by algorithm the tested point physical parameter that optical fiber grating sensing network carries, and realize the process of data, storage and display.
The step of carrying out demodulation with the apparatus for sensing demodulating of above-mentioned the second structure is additionally provided in the present invention:
Step one: the light that wideband light source 1 sends is by fixed optical attenuator 2, the light being input to tunable FP wave filter 4 is made to meet the restriction requirement of its entrance power, optoisolator 3 between wideband light source 1 and tunable FP wave filter 4 is in order to ensure the direction of optic path, and the tunable laser that the tunable laser that tunable FP wave filter 4 exports obtains 10mW after image intensifer 5 amplifies exports;
Step 2: fiber coupler 6 adopts splitting ratio to be the coupling mechanism of 90:10, and the tunable laser that image intensifer 5 exports is divided into two bundles of 10:90 by fiber coupler 6, wherein:
Image intensifer 5 export 10% light distribute to optical fiber FP etalon 7, by the first photodetector 13, the light signal that optical fiber FP etalon 7 exports is converted into voltage analog signal, and be input to capture card 14, the spectrogram of optical fiber FP etalon 7 is obtained by capture card 14 gated sweep frame, carry out algorithm process by computing machine 15, thus tunable laser output wavelength is corrected;
Image intensifer 5 export 90% light be used for optical fiber grating sensing;
Step 3: adopt 1 × N fiber optic splitter 10 to form multi-channel fiber Bragg grating sensing network, the light of exported by fiber coupler 6 90%, the N channel light beam being made up of space division multiplexing 1 × N fiber optic splitter is used for optical fiber grating sensing, after every bar passage configures an electric-controlled adjustable optical attenuator 8 respectively, to connect multiple fiber-optic grating sensor, and utilize multiple fiber optic passive device 11 to obtain the reflected light of multiple fiber-optic grating sensor, reflected light is converted into voltage analog signal via the second photodetector 16, after capture card 15 gathers this voltage analog signal, using the sensor fibre grating reflection spectral of acquisition as feedback information, in order to control the driving voltage of electric-controlled adjustable optical attenuator 8, thus regulate the light decrement that each sampled point is corresponding, realize the dynamic from smooth function of transducing signal reflected amplitudes,
Step 4: the sensor fibre grating reflection spectral information obtained from multiple second electric explorer 16 synchronous scanning is input to computing machine 15 by capture card 15, demodulate by algorithm the tested point physical parameter that optical fiber grating sensing network carries, and realize the process of data, storage and display.
To sum up, the demodulation method of multi-channel high-accuracy fiber grating sensing demodulation method of the present invention is that the light adopting wideband light source to export builds linear pattern tunable laser through tunable FP wave filter and image intensifer serial connection after fixed attenuator, obtains high stability, high-power tunable laser exports; By fiber coupler, tunable laser is divided into two parts, a part of tunable laser is used for optical fiber FP etalon and carries out wavelength calibration, can realize that high resolving power, wavelength repeatability are good, real-time high-precision demodulation; Another part tunable laser is used for optical fiber grating sensing, first form N channel light beam and be used for optical fiber grating sensing, one of following two kinds of methods can be adopted: (1) adopts 1 × N photoswitch to switch, form multi-channel fiber Bragg grating sensing network, namely this section tunable laser is first through an electric-controlled adjustable optical attenuator, the optical power attenuation amount that each sampled point of real-time adjustment is corresponding, then form time-multiplexed N channel light beam for optical fiber grating sensing by 1 × N photoswitch; (2) the N channel light beam that employing forms space division multiplexing by 1 × N fiber optic splitter is used for optical fiber grating sensing, and every passage regulates the optical power attenuation amount that each sampled point is corresponding after configuring an electric-controlled adjustable optical attenuator 8 respectively in real time.Every bar passage all can be connected multiple fiber-optic grating sensor, and utilize multiple fiber optic passive device, as optical fiber circulator obtains the reflected light of fiber-optic grating sensor, reflected light is converted into voltage signal through photodetector and is obtained by capture card collection has reflected amplitudes dynamically from the spectrogram of smooth function.Using the reflected signal amplitude of fiber grating as dynamic feedback, adopt the optical power attenuation amount that electric-controlled adjustable optical attenuator dynamic realtime regulates each optic fiber grating wavelength corresponding, thus under each optic fiber grating wavelength, obtain the high s/n ratio transducing signal luminous power of the amplitude stability of dynamic compensation, the comprehensive compensation unevenness of light source, Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Array laying and the not expected dynamic change in using, thus effectively improve long-term detectability and the accuracy of detection of fiber-optic grating sensor, thus ensure that signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) and the stability of demodulating equipment of the present invention.Multi-channel high-accuracy fiber grating sensing demodulation device of the present invention and demodulation method thereof have good application prospect at space flight, aviation, petrochemical industry, building and power domain.
In order to make those skilled in the art person better understand the present invention program, below in conjunction with drawings and embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment one:
As shown in Figure 1, this multi-channel high-accuracy fiber grating sensing demodulation device comprises wideband light source 1, fixed optical attenuator 2, optoisolator 3, tunable FP wave filter 4, image intensifer 5, fiber coupler 6, optical fiber FP etalon 7, electric-controlled adjustable optical attenuator 8,1 × N photoswitch 9, multiple fiber optic passive device 11, Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Array 12, first photodetector 13, second photodetector 16, capture card 14 and computing machine 15; Fiber coupler 6 wherein adopts splitting ratio to be the fiber coupler of 90:10, and fiber optic passive device 11 adopts optical fiber circulator.
Wideband light source 1 output terminal is connected with fixed optical attenuator 2 by single-mode fiber jumper, suitable fixed optical attenuator 2 is selected to make the light intensity being input to tunable FP wave filter 4 meet the restriction requirement of its entrance power, need the direction ensureing optic path with optoisolator 3 between wideband light source 1 and tunable FP wave filter 4, the tunable laser exported by tunable FP wave filter 4 is connected with the input port of image intensifer 5.
High stability after image intensifer 5 amplifies, high-power tunable laser export.
Through the fiber coupler 6 that splitting ratio is 90:10, it separates 10% input optical fibre FP etalon 7, by the first photodetector 13, the light signal that optical fiber FP etalon 7 exports is converted into voltage analog signal, and be input to capture card 14, obtained the spectrogram of optical fiber FP etalon 7 by capture card 14 gated sweep frame, capture card 14 is connected to computing machine 15 and carries out wavelength calibration to tunable FP wave filter 4.
What separate through fiber coupler 6 90% first controls the electric-controlled adjustable optical attenuator 8 of its light decrement through one by driving voltage, export light and be divided into N channel by being controlled its 1 × N photoswitch 9 switched by capture card 14 in time domain, every bar passage accesses input 1 port of the optical fiber circulator of this passage respectively, to connect multiple fiber-optic grating sensor obtain the reflected light of fiber-optic grating sensor at 2 ports, export 3 ports reflected light to be input to the second photodetector 16 and to be converted into voltage signal, the voltage signal of N channel controls by capture card 14 spectrogram that scanning frame successively obtains its reflected light, be connected to computing machine 15 and carry out data processing, store and display.
Embodiment two:
As shown in Figure 2, multi-channel high-accuracy fiber grating sensing demodulation device of the present invention comprises wideband light source 1, fixed optical attenuator 2, optoisolator 3, tunable FP wave filter 4, image intensifer 5, fiber coupler 6, optical fiber FP etalon 7, electric-controlled adjustable optical attenuator 8,1 × N fiber optic splitter 10, multiple fiber optic passive device 11, Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Array 12, first photodetector 13, multiple second photodetector 16, capture card 14 and computing machine 15; Fiber coupler 6 wherein adopts splitting ratio to be the fiber coupler of 90:10, and fiber optic passive device 11 adopts optical fiber circulator.
Wideband light source 1 output terminal is connected with fixed optical attenuator 2 by single-mode fiber jumper, suitable fixed optical attenuator 2 is selected to make the light intensity being input to tunable FP wave filter 4 meet the restriction requirement of its entrance power, need the direction ensureing optic path with optoisolator 3 between wideband light source 1 and tunable FP wave filter, the tunable laser exported by tunable FP wave filter 4 is connected with the input port of image intensifer 5.
High stability after image intensifer 5 amplifies, high-power tunable laser export.
10% input optical fibre FP etalon 7 is separated through fiber coupler 6, by the first photodetector 13, the light signal that optical fiber FP etalon 7 exports is converted into voltage signal, and be input to capture card 14, scan every frame by capture card 14 and obtain the spectrogram of optical fiber FP etalon 7, being connected to computing machine 15 and wavelength calibration is carried out to tunable FP wave filter 4.
Separate 90% through fiber coupler 6 and be first divided into N channel through 1 × N fiber optic splitter 10 in spatial domain, every bar channel output end mouth is controlled the electric-controlled adjustable optical attenuator 11 of its light decrement by driving voltage respectively through this passage, export light to be connected with input 1 port of this channel fiber circulator, to connect multiple fiber-optic grating sensor 12 obtain the reflected light of fiber-optic grating sensor at 2 ports, export 3 ports reflected light to be input to photodetector 13 and to be converted into voltage signal, the voltage signal of N channel is obtained the spectrogram of its reflected light by capture card 14 control synchronization scanning frame, capture card 14 is connected to computing machine 15 and carries out data processing, store and display.
Embodiment three:
Multi-channel high-accuracy fiber grating demodulation method of the present invention, computing machine 15 controls the driving voltage of sawtooth wave simulating signal as tunable FP wave filter 4 that capture card 14 exports 10Hz, obtaining frequency is 10Hz, wavelength resolution is 5pm, wavelength coverage is the broadband scanning Laser output of 40nm, the scanning laser of high-power output is obtained after image intensifer 5 amplifies, the fiber coupler 6 of 90:10 is used to separate the scanning Laser Transmission of 10% to optical fiber FP etalon 7, the sampled point and the wavelength one_to_one corresponding that scan laser will be obtained by tunable FP wave filter 7, play the effect of wavelength real time correction, ensure the high wavelength repeatability of demodulating system.
Multi-channel high-accuracy fiber grating demodulation process in above-mentioned example one: 90% first controls the electricity tune variable optical attenuator 8 of its light decrement through one by driving voltage, 8 passages are divided in time domain by 1 × N photoswitch 9, detected by the second photo-detector 16 and connect the reflected amplitudes of the Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Array 12 formed as feedback signal by 4 fiber-optic grating sensors, the electric-controlled adjustable optical attenuator light decrement of this time domain electric-controlled adjustable optical attenuator 8 corresponding is controlled in the respective time domain scale of every bar passage, the reflectance spectrum amplitude reaching every passage has dynamically from flatness.As shown in Figure 3, the wherein not expected dynamic change of fiber grating reflectance spectrum amplitude that causes due to ultra-low temperature surroundings of passage 2, reaches the dynamic from flatness of fiber grating reflectance spectrum amplitude by demodulation method of the present invention.
Multi-channel high-accuracy fiber grating demodulation process in above-mentioned example two: the scanning laser of 90% consists of the optical fiber grating sensing network of 8 paths parallel demodulations 1 × 8 fiber optic splitter, an electric-controlled adjustable optical attenuator is respectively inserted in each fiber grating sequence front, road, by detection by the reflected amplitudes of 4 fiber-optic grating sensors Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Array 12 in series as feedback signal, flow to the light decrement that electric-controlled adjustable optical attenuator 8 regulates the corresponding sampled point of 4 reflected amplitudes in real time, 4 reflected amplitudes that capture card 14 is gathered have dynamically from flatness, as shown in Figure 3.Every road fiber grating sequence detects its intensity signal each via second photodetector 16, intensity signal is converted into information of voltage and amplify after, data message carries out high-speed data acquisition by capture card 14.
The scanning optical spectrum information of optical fiber FP etalon 7 and 8 passage collected is input to computing machine, by algorithm demodulate that optical fiber grating sensing network carries further tested point physical parameter, such as: the parameter information such as temperature, stress or vibrations, the functions such as data processing, storage and display are realized.
Although invention has been described for composition graphs above; but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment; above-mentioned embodiment is only schematic; instead of it is restrictive; those of ordinary skill in the art is under enlightenment of the present invention; when not departing from present inventive concept, can also make a lot of distortion, these all belong within protection of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. a multi-channel high-accuracy fiber grating sensing demodulation method, wherein, the structure of the multi-channel high-accuracy fiber grating sensing demodulation device adopted is: comprise wideband light source (1), fixed optical attenuator (2), optoisolator (3), tunable FP wave filter (4), image intensifer (5), fiber coupler (6), optical fiber FP etalon (7), electric-controlled adjustable optical attenuator (8), 1 × N photoswitch (9), multiple fiber optic passive device (11), Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Array (12), first photodetector (13), second photodetector (16), capture card (14) and computing machine (15), wherein:
Wideband light source (1): adopt any one in C-band ASE light source, C+L wave band ASE light source and SLD light source, output power is at 0.5mW ~ 10mW;
Fixed optical attenuator (2): be used for regulating source device output optical power, to reach tunable FP wave filter (4) to the limited field of entrance power;
Optoisolator (3): prevent the light exported from light source to be reflected back light source, to reduce to damage light source;
Tunable FP wave filter (4): by leaching the narrow spectral signal of wavelength variations from wideband light source to the adjustment of its driving voltage, thus the tunable laser forming high stability exports, the spectrum width of tunable FP wave filter is at 10pm ~ 200pm, and free spectral limit is 100nm ~ 200nm;
Image intensifer (5): adopt the image intensifer mated with light source works wave band, image intensifer (5) selects fiber amplifier or semiconductor optical amplifier, amplify tunable laser Output optical power through image intensifer (5), thus the tunable laser forming 10mW exports;
Fiber coupler (6): the laser inputted through image intensifer (5) is divided into two bundles; Light beam carries out wavelength calibration process by being transferred to computing machine (15) after optical fiber FP etalon (7), photodetector (13) and capture card (14) successively, and another light beam is transferred to by after electric-controlled adjustable optical attenuator (8), 1 × N photoswitch (9) and fiber optic passive device (11) Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Array (12) be made up of the fiber-optic grating sensor of multiple series connection, different reflection wavelength successively;
Optical fiber FP etalon (7): for the comb δ function formula line of optical frequency interval such as exporting, optical frequency interval is at 10GHz ~ 100GHz;
Electric-controlled adjustable optical attenuator (8): the optical power attenuation amount regulating each optic fiber grating wavelength corresponding for dynamic realtime, thus obtain under each optic fiber grating wavelength dynamic compensation, the transducing signal luminous power of amplitude stability;
1 × N photoswitch (9): by controlling its drive plate, realize the corresponding switching of light on N road, the numerical value of N is selected from 2, and 4,8,16,32,64, one in 128;
Fiber optic passive device (11): the optical transport sent by light source is to examined object and collect reflected signal light, fiber optic passive device adopts optical fiber circulator or fiber coupler;
Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Array (12): the parameter change caused for the extraneous object to be measured of perception, and be encoded on fiber grating reflection wavelength;
First photodetector (13) and the second photodetector (16): the first photodetector (13) is arranged between optical fiber FP etalon (7) and capture card (14), second photodetector (16) is arranged between fiber optic passive device (11) and capture card (14), and the first photodetector (13) and the second photodetector (16) are respectively for being converted into voltage analog signal by the light signal of input;
Capture card (14): gather the voltage analog signal obtained by the first photodetector (13) and the second photodetector (16), and export the simulating signal controlling the simulating signal of tunable FP wave filter (4), the digital signal of 1 × N photoswitch (9) and electric-controlled adjustable optical attenuator (8);
Computing machine (15): by the control to capture card (14), the demodulation realizing multi-channel fiber Bragg grating calculates, shows and stores;
It is characterized in that: the step adopting above-mentioned multi-channel high-accuracy fiber grating sensing demodulation device to carry out demodulation is as follows:
Step one: the light that wideband light source (1) sends is by fixed optical attenuator (2), the light being input to tunable FP wave filter (4) is made to meet the restriction requirement of its entrance power, optoisolator (3) between wideband light source (1) and tunable FP wave filter (4) is in order to ensure the direction of optic path, and the tunable laser that the tunable laser that tunable FP wave filter (4) exports obtains 10mW after image intensifer (5) amplifies exports;
Step 2: fiber coupler (6) adopts splitting ratio to be the coupling mechanism of 90:10, and the tunable laser that image intensifer (5) exports is divided into two bundles of 10:90 by fiber coupler (6), wherein:
Image intensifer (5) export 10% light distribute to optical fiber FP etalon (7), by the first photodetector (13), the light signal that optical fiber FP etalon (7) exports is converted into voltage analog signal, and be input to capture card (14), the spectrogram of optical fiber FP etalon (7) is obtained by capture card (14) gated sweep frame, carry out algorithm process by computing machine (15), thus tunable laser output wavelength is corrected;
Image intensifer (5) export 90% light for optical fiber grating sensing;
Step 3: control 1 × N photoswitch (9) by capture card (14) and switch, thus form multi-channel fiber Bragg grating sensing network, fiber coupler (6) export 90% light regulate in real time after the optical power attenuation amount that each sampled point is corresponding through an electric-controlled adjustable optical attenuator (8), time-multiplexed N channel light beam is formed for optical fiber grating sensing by 1 × N photoswitch (9), every bar passage all can be connected multiple fiber-optic grating sensor, and utilize multiple fiber optic passive device (11) to obtain the reflected light of multiple fiber-optic grating sensor, reflected light is converted into voltage analog signal via the second photodetector (16), after capture card (14) gathers this voltage analog signal, using the sensor fibre grating reflection spectral of acquisition as feedback information, in order to control the driving voltage of electric-controlled adjustable optical attenuator (8), thus regulate the light decrement that each sampled point is corresponding, realize the dynamic from smooth function of transducing signal reflected amplitudes,
Step 4: capture card (14) is input to computing machine (15) by scanning the sensor fibre grating reflection spectral information obtained successively from the second electric explorer (16), demodulate by algorithm the tested point physical parameter that optical fiber grating sensing network carries, and realize the process of data, storage and display.
2. a multi-channel high-accuracy fiber grating sensing demodulation method, wherein, the structure of the multi-channel high-accuracy fiber grating sensing demodulation device adopted is: comprise wideband light source (1), fixed optical attenuator (2), optoisolator (3), tunable FP wave filter (4), image intensifer (5), fiber coupler (6), optical fiber FP etalon (7), electric-controlled adjustable optical attenuator (8), 1 × N fiber optic splitter (10), multiple fiber optic passive device (11), Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Array (12), first photodetector (13), multiple second photodetector (16), capture card (14) and computing machine (15), wherein:
Wideband light source (1): adopt any one in C-band ASE light source, C+L wave band ASE light source and SLD light source, output power is at 0.5mW ~ 10mW;
Fixed optical attenuator (2): be used for regulating source device output optical power, to reach tunable FP wave filter (4) to the limited field of entrance power;
Optoisolator (3): prevent the light exported from light source to be reflected back light source, to reduce to damage light source;
Tunable FP wave filter (4): by leaching the narrow spectral signal of wavelength variations from wideband light source to the adjustment of its driving voltage, thus the tunable laser forming high stability exports, the spectrum width of tunable FP wave filter is at 10pm ~ 200pm, and free spectral limit is 100nm ~ 200nm;
Image intensifer (5): adopt the image intensifer mated with light source works wave band, image intensifer (5) selects fiber amplifier or semiconductor optical amplifier, amplify tunable laser Output optical power through image intensifer (5), thus the tunable laser forming 10mW exports;
Fiber coupler (6): the laser inputted through image intensifer (5) is divided into two bundles; Light beam carries out wavelength calibration process by being transferred to computing machine (14) after optical fiber FP etalon (7), photodetector (13) and capture card (14) successively, and another light beam is transferred to by after 1 × N fiber optic splitter (10), electric-controlled adjustable optical attenuator (8) and fiber optic passive device (11) Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Array (12) be made up of the fiber-optic grating sensor of multiple series connection, different reflection wavelength successively;
Optical fiber FP etalon (7): the comb δ function formula line of the optical frequency interval such as output, optical frequency interval is at 10GHz ~ 100GHz;
1 × N fiber optic splitter (10): the wideband light source of input is divided into N and restraints the broadband light that light intensity is identical, spectrum shape is identical, N value is selected from 2,4,8,16,32,64, one in 128;
Electric-controlled adjustable optical attenuator (8): the optical power attenuation amount regulating each optic fiber grating wavelength corresponding for dynamic realtime, thus obtain under each optic fiber grating wavelength dynamic compensation, the transducing signal luminous power of amplitude stability;
Fiber optic passive device (11): the optical transport sent by light source is to examined object and collect reflected signal light, fiber optic passive device (11) adopts optical fiber circulator or fiber coupler;
Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Array (12): the parameter change caused for the extraneous object to be measured of perception, and be encoded on fiber grating reflection wavelength;
First photodetector (13) and the second photodetector (16): the first photodetector (13) is arranged between optical fiber FP etalon (7) and capture card (14), each second photodetector (16) is arranged between each fiber optic passive device (11) and capture card (14) respectively, and the first photodetector (13) and the second photodetector (16) are respectively for being converted into voltage analog signal by the light signal of input;
Capture card (14): gather the voltage analog signal obtained by the first photodetector (13) and multiple second photodetector (16), and export the simulating signal controlling the simulating signal of tunable FP wave filter (4), the digital signal of 1 × N fiber optic splitter (10) and electric-controlled adjustable optical attenuator (8);
Computing machine (15): by the control to capture card (14), the demodulation realizing multi-channel fiber Bragg grating calculates, shows and stores;
It is characterized in that: the step adopting above-mentioned multi-channel high-accuracy fiber grating sensing demodulation device to carry out demodulation is as follows:
Step one: the light that wideband light source (1) sends is by fixed optical attenuator (2), the light being input to tunable FP wave filter (4) is made to meet the restriction requirement of its entrance power, optoisolator (3) between wideband light source (1) and tunable FP wave filter (4) is in order to ensure the direction of optic path, and the tunable laser that the tunable laser that tunable FP wave filter (4) exports obtains 10mW after image intensifer (5) amplifies exports;
Step 2: fiber coupler (6) adopts splitting ratio to be the coupling mechanism of 90:10, and the tunable laser that image intensifer (5) exports is divided into two bundles of 10:90 by fiber coupler (6), wherein:
Image intensifer (5) export 10% light distribute to optical fiber FP etalon (7), by the first photodetector (13), the light signal that optical fiber FP etalon (7) exports is converted into voltage analog signal, and be input to capture card (14), the spectrogram of optical fiber FP etalon (7) is obtained by capture card (14) gated sweep frame, carry out algorithm process by computing machine (15), thus tunable laser output wavelength is corrected;
Image intensifer (5) export 90% light for optical fiber grating sensing;
Step 3: adopt 1 × N fiber optic splitter (10) to form multi-channel fiber Bragg grating sensing network, the light of exported by fiber coupler (6) 90%, the N channel light beam being made up of space division multiplexing 1 × N fiber optic splitter is used for optical fiber grating sensing, after every bar passage configures an electric-controlled adjustable optical attenuator (8) respectively, to connect multiple fiber-optic grating sensor, and utilize multiple fiber optic passive device (11) to obtain the reflected light of multiple fiber-optic grating sensor, reflected light is converted into voltage analog signal via the second photodetector (16), after capture card (14) gathers this voltage analog signal, using the sensor fibre grating reflection spectral of acquisition as feedback information, in order to control the driving voltage of electric-controlled adjustable optical attenuator (8), thus regulate the light decrement that each sampled point is corresponding, realize the dynamic from smooth function of transducing signal reflected amplitudes,
Step 4: the sensor fibre grating reflection spectral information obtained from the synchronous scanning of multiple second electric explorer (16) is input to computing machine (15) by capture card (14), demodulate by algorithm the tested point physical parameter that optical fiber grating sensing network carries, and realize the process of data, storage and display.
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