CN103190968B - 一种支架以及具有该支架的安装稳固的人造瓣膜置换装置 - Google Patents

一种支架以及具有该支架的安装稳固的人造瓣膜置换装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103190968B
CN103190968B CN201310087054.1A CN201310087054A CN103190968B CN 103190968 B CN103190968 B CN 103190968B CN 201310087054 A CN201310087054 A CN 201310087054A CN 103190968 B CN103190968 B CN 103190968B
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China
Prior art keywords
support
head
bracket
bending
fixing
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CN201310087054.1A
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CN103190968A (zh
Inventor
雷荣军
张志飞
张启明
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Hangzhou Qiming Medical Devices Co., Ltd.
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Hangzhou Qiming Medical Devices Co ltd
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Priority to CN201310087054.1A priority Critical patent/CN103190968B/zh
Publication of CN103190968A publication Critical patent/CN103190968A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2014/073519 priority patent/WO2014146557A1/zh
Priority to EP14770011.6A priority patent/EP2977026B1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN103190968B publication Critical patent/CN103190968B/zh
Priority to US14/856,872 priority patent/US10098763B2/en
Priority to US16/158,597 priority patent/US10806613B2/en
Priority to US17/073,371 priority patent/US11364133B2/en
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    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2250/00—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2250/0014—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis
    • A61F2250/0036—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in thickness
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2250/00—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2250/0014—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis
    • A61F2250/0037—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in height or in length
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2250/00—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2250/0014—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis
    • A61F2250/0039—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in diameter
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2250/00—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2250/0014—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis
    • A61F2250/0051—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in tissue ingrowth capacity, e.g. made from both ingrowth-promoting and ingrowth-preventing parts
    • A61F2250/0052—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in tissue ingrowth capacity, e.g. made from both ingrowth-promoting and ingrowth-preventing parts differing in bone ingrowth capacity

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种支架以及具有该支架的安装稳固的人造瓣膜置换装置，所述支架为筒形结构，该支架的顶沿设有固定耳，所述固定耳具有与支架顶沿相连的颈部以及与支架固定头卡合的头部，所述头部具有提高整体径向厚度的折弯结构。所述人造瓣膜置换装置，由所述的支架和固定在支架上的假体瓣膜构成。本发明的支架通过设置折弯结构，克服了支架易脱出支架固定头的问题，支架可牢固的安装在输送系统上，安全性更高，同时，支架的释放也不会受到影响。

Description

一种支架以及具有该支架的安装稳固的人造瓣膜置换装置
技术领域
本发明涉及医疗器械技术领域，尤其涉及一种支架以及具有该支架的安装稳固的人造瓣膜置换装置。
背景技术
当病人自身的心脏瓣膜（二尖瓣、三尖瓣、主动脉瓣或肺动脉瓣）由于先天或后天疾病引发变异，造成瓣膜不能正常开闭时，会对健康生活乃至生命造成影响。心脏瓣膜的变异可分为开放不全和关闭不全，这两种情况都可以造成心脏负荷增大，心脏在此负荷下是否还能正常工作是决定人体心脏瓣膜是否应置换的主要依据。
通过介入手术植入人工心脏瓣膜对人体造成的创伤小，侵害性少，应用愈加广泛。该手术在不开刀的情况下，在患者的皮肤内做直径几毫米的小开口，由此通达人体的脉管系统，建立输送通道，再通过专门的输送系统将人工心脏瓣膜即支架输送至心脏并替代有缺陷的自体瓣膜。
现有技术中的人工心脏瓣膜置换装置，由记忆金属材料制成的网状支架，以及缝制在该支架内的可单向开放的三叶瓣膜构成，参见图1，该支架分为主动脉支架1、瓣膜支架2和右心室流进道支架3三部分，在支架的顶沿分布有“T”型的固定耳10。
手术时，人造瓣膜置换装置由输送系统输送到植入位点，输送系统是将造瓣膜置换装置固定在一个支架固定头上，该支架固定头前端带有流线型的引导头，芯管贯穿支架固定头与引导头相连，上述芯管、支架固定头和引导头共同构成了鞘芯，进行瓣膜植入时，首先将人造瓣膜置换装置卡合到输送装置的支架固定头上，鞘管套在鞘芯的外部，保持支架的压缩状态，鞘管、鞘芯携带着人造瓣膜置换装置从血管的入口处推送到病变的瓣膜部位，再释放人造瓣膜置换装置，其支架在体温的作用下会膨胀开，将人体瓣膜的叶片推压到血管壁上完成就位，然后再将鞘管和鞘芯抽出。
在人造瓣膜置换装置被释放以前，其必须稳固的安装在输送系统中，若人造瓣膜置换装置不慎脱出，就会严重威胁患者的生命安全。
在输送系统中，人造瓣膜置换装置固定安装在支架固定头上，图2示出了一种现有的支架固定头的结构，支架固定头的外壁开设有定位槽11，安装人造瓣膜置换装置时，人造瓣膜置换装置的支架的固定耳吻合的嵌入在该定位槽中，现有技术中，支架固定耳的厚度一般为0.4mm，相应的，该定位槽的深度也为0.4mm，深度较浅，由于支架固定头与鞘管的内壁之间会存在0.1～0.2mm左右的间隙，由于输送系统需经过曲折复杂的脉管系统才能将人造瓣膜置换装置送入到植入位点，因此当输送系统转弯时，鞘管弯曲变形，则支架固定耳很容易沿着间隙滑出，造成人造瓣膜置换装置的脱落。
此外，为顺利引导支架的固定耳进入定位槽以及便于手术过程中人造瓣膜置换装置的释放，如图3所示，定位槽的开口处还设有倒角12，定位槽周边的边缘也设有倒角13，这就更加促使人造瓣膜置换装置的脱落。
人造瓣膜置换装置的支架在未使用时是收拢的状态，是致密的管状结构，通过记忆金属或者非形状记忆合金经过激光切割加工而成，在人体内膨胀后紧贴血管壁，若增加厚度不仅增加加工难度，还会影响支架的柔顺性及膨胀性能。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种支架，可稳固的安装在输送系统上，且不影响支架的正常使用。
一种支架，所述支架为筒形结构，该支架的顶沿设有固定耳，所述固定耳具有与支架顶沿相连的颈部以及与支架固定头卡合的头部，所述头部具有提高整体径向厚度的折弯结构。
若无特殊说明，本发明的径向指支架的径向，由于支架为筒形结构，所述径向厚度是指头部沿着支架的径向方向的厚度。
所述头部的整体或局部为折弯结构。采用折弯结构后，头部在整体上厚度会增加，作为优选，所述折弯结构与颈部的径向厚度之比为1.2～3:1。
颈部的径向厚度可以视为现有技术中无折弯结构时固定耳的整体厚度，头部折弯后厚度比较颈部增加可起到防脱作用。
支架固定头的外壁带有定位槽，支架安装时，固定耳的头部卡合在上述定位槽中，外部由支架的鞘管包围着，支架的鞘管与支架固定头之间是间隙配合，此间隙值过大（如：大于0.1mm），因支架的鞘管是薄壁高分子材料，当受到固定耳头部的径向挤压力时，将产生挠性变形，使支架的鞘管与支架固定头的间隙在与固定耳接触的局部增大数倍，导致固定耳脱出定位槽；反之间隙过小，将导致在支架装载和释放时产生过大的轴向阻力，造成手术操作困难。因此对于支架固定头与支架的鞘管之间的配合精度的要求，成为现有技术的主要难题，本发明采用固定耳的头部的折弯结构，提高了头部的径向厚度，使其径向厚度数倍于此间隙值，因此，可以大幅降低对此间隙的精度要求，且能可靠地保证在不增加轴向阻力的情况下，支架固定耳不会从支架固定头上脱出，使支架稳固的安装在输送系统中。
另外，该折弯结构由激光雕刻完成的支架进行再加工形成，也不会影响支架的生物学性能。
折弯结构的形式多种多样。当所述头部的整体为折弯结构时，作为一种选择方式，所述头部整体上为弧形，弧形的凹陷处朝向支架的轴线。
该处，头部的厚度指在径向上，弧形的中部与两端的高度差。
作为另一选择方式，所述头部整体上为波浪形。
该处，头部的厚度指在径向上，波峰与波谷的高度差。
所述波浪形的头部应至少具有两个波峰。
优选的，波浪形的波峰与波谷沿着支架的周向依次排布。
为使固定耳更加牢靠的嵌装在支架固定头的定位槽中，所述头部抵接定位槽底部的两端为波谷部分。
当所述头部的局部为折弯结构时，作为一种选择方式，所述头部的两侧边相向的折弯。
折弯时，头部的两侧边可以向同侧相向的弯折，也可以向异侧相向的弯折。
折弯的角度通常为160～180度，优选为180度。当折弯的角度为180度时，固定耳的径向厚度相当于折弯前的两倍。
作为另一选择方式，所述头部的顶沿朝向颈部的折弯。
折弯的角度通常为160～180度，优选为180度。当折弯的角度为180度时，固定耳的径向厚度相当于折弯前的两倍。
为便于折弯结构的加工，优选的，所述固定耳为T型，所述固定耳的颈部的顶端与头部底沿的中心处连接。
固定耳的数量可以为多个，均匀的分布在支架的顶沿。优选的，固定耳为2～4个。
优选的，多个固定耳的顶沿在支架的轴线上的投影位置交错分布。即多个固定耳的顶沿的高度是不一致的，且两两不相同，这样的话，在将支架固定到输送系统上的时候，可以依次将多个固定耳就位，首先是顶沿最高的固定耳先就位，然后按照顶沿高度由高到低依次将所有的固定耳就位，更加便利。
本发明还提供了一种安装稳固的人造瓣膜置换装置，由所述的支架和固定在支架上的假体瓣膜构成。
假体瓣膜为假体三尖瓣、假体肺动脉瓣、假体主动脉瓣等。
假体瓣膜可缝制在支架的内壁，也可以采用现有的其他方法进行固定。
本发明的支架通过设置折弯结构，克服了支架易脱出支架固定头的问题，支架可牢固的安装在输送系统上，安全性更高，同时，支架的释放也不会受到影响。
本发明的支架是在现有支架的基础上进行设计改进，简单方便，易于操作。
附图说明
图1为现有技术中人造瓣膜置换装置的支架结构示意图；
图2为现有技术中支架固定头的结构示意图；
图3为图2中支架固定头的剖视图；
图4为本发明人造瓣膜置换装置的支架的结构示意图；
图5为图4中第一种固定耳的结构示意图；
图6为图5中固定耳装配到输送系统（其中一种配合方式）的示意图；
图7为图5中固定耳装配到输送系统（另一种配合方式）的示意图；
图8为图4中第二种固定耳的结构示意图；
图9为图8中固定耳装配到输送系统（其中一种配合方式）的示意图；
图10为图8中固定耳装配到输送系统（另一种配合方式）的示意图；
图11为图4中第三种固定耳的结构示意图；
图12为图4中第四种固定耳的结构示意图；
图13为本发明人造瓣膜置换装置的支架释放前的展开示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图进一步阐释本发明。
本发明人造瓣膜置换装置由支架和固定在支架上的假体瓣膜组成。
以主动脉支架为例说明本发明人造瓣膜置换装置的结构，但应注意本发明的人造瓣膜装置不仅限于主动脉支架，也可以为肺动脉支架、三尖瓣支架等等。
如图4所示，支架（主动脉支架）为由依次连接的主动脉支架4、瓣膜支架5和流进道支架6构成的网状的筒形结构。
支架由连续分布的多个菱形单元网格组成，在瓣膜支架5的侧壁分布有三个镂空区域，由于角度问题，图中仅见镂空区域9a和镂空区域9b，镂空区域用于在假体瓣膜开放时分别容纳假体瓣膜的顶端，由相邻的四个菱形单元网格合并构成，即去掉区域内部的脉络，形成镂空区域，这样的话不仅便于加工，而且整体强度好。
当然，支架的网格结构不仅限于菱形，也可呈有规律或者无规则的椭圆形、圆形、矩形等，满足支架的支撑力和顺应性即可。
主动脉支架4顶沿设有固定耳60，用于植入人体内时与输送装置中支架固定头的定位槽相配合。
固定耳60呈T型，固定耳60具有颈部601和头部602，颈部601与主动脉支架4顶沿相连，头部602与支架固定头卡合；固定耳60的颈部601的顶端与头部602底沿的中心处连接，该头部602还具有提高整体径向厚度的折弯结构。
图5显示了本发明中固定耳60的头部的折弯结构中第一种实施方式，固定耳60的头部602整体弯曲呈弧形，弧形的凹陷处朝向支架的轴线，这样，使得头部602整体径向厚度H（弧形的中部与两端的高度差）得到了提高。当固定耳与定位槽配合时，如图7所示，可以将支架固定头7的定位槽8的深度适度的加深（也可以不加深）后，使固定耳的头部与鞘管14的内壁紧密相贴在一起。当然，将定位槽8加深后，其深度可以与固定耳头部的厚度相适应，如图6所示，这样，即使鞘管弯曲变形，固定耳也不易脱出定位槽8，防止了支架的脱落。
即使定位槽的深度不变，由于头部602整体的径向厚度增加，使该径向厚度数倍于鞘管14与支架固定头7的间隙，仍可以大幅降低对此间隙的精度要求，对鞘管的精度要求也降低了一个数量级，加工工艺更简单易行。
图8显示了折弯结构中第二种实施方式，固定耳60的头部602整体上为波浪形，波浪形的波峰与波谷沿着支架的周向依次排布，其中，头部602抵接定位槽8底部的两端为波谷部分，这样可以使固定耳60更加牢靠的嵌装在支架固定头7的定位槽8内。图9和图10显示了支架安装时，该波浪形的固定耳60的头部602在输送系统中的安装状态。
头部的折弯结构的第三种实施方式为固定耳60的头部602局部折弯，头部602的两侧边相向的折弯，如图11所示，头部602的两侧边向同侧相向的进行弯折，折弯角度为180度，固定耳60的厚度相当于折弯前的两倍。
当然，头部的两侧边向异侧相向的进行弯折，大致呈“S”型。
图12示出了本发明中头部602的折弯结构的第四种实施方式，头部602的顶沿朝向颈部601折弯，折弯的角度为180度，固定耳60的厚度相当于折弯前的两倍，当然，折弯角度在160～180度之间均可达到较好的效果。
显然的，上述图11和图12示出的固定耳与定位槽配合时，也可以采用前述的配合方式（如第一种实施方式），这里不再做具体阐述。
值得注意的是，本发明的固定耳60的头部602的折弯结构并不仅限于上述列举的几种情况，可以做出多种变形，如图11中，固定耳60的头部602的两侧边仅弯折一次，其实该两侧边也可以弯折两次或更多，多层叠加的厚度为未折弯前的3倍或更多。
其次，折弯结构中，头部的弯折或弯曲的角度等均可以根据实际情况进行调整。
固定耳60通常设置为3个，如图13所示，分别为固定耳60a、固定耳60b和固定耳60c。这三个固定耳60的顶沿的高度是不一致的，图中可见，固定耳60b要明显高于固定耳60a，固定耳60c要明显高于固定耳60b。
固定耳60c的高度H1为主动脉支架4的顶沿与固定耳固定耳60c的顶沿之间的距离，本实施例中，固定耳60c的高度为7mm，固定耳60b的高度为5mm，固定耳60a的高度为2.8mm，支架高度H2（固定耳不计算在内）为55mm。
需要说明的是人造瓣膜置换装置的支架在未使用时是收拢的状态，是致密的管状结构，一般是通过记忆金属材料的管材经过激光切割加工而成，而进入人体并释放后会在体温作用下涨开形成蓬松的筒状结构，本发明中如果没有特殊说明，在描述人造瓣膜置换装置及其支架的结构时，均是指在人体内完全涨开状态下的结构。

Claims (9)

1.一种支架，所述支架为筒形结构，该支架的顶沿设有固定耳，其特征在于，所述固定耳具有与支架顶沿相连的颈部以及与支架固定头卡合的头部，所述头部具有提高整体径向厚度的折弯结构，所述折弯结构与颈部的径向厚度之比为1.2～3：1。
2.如权利要求1所述的支架，其特征在于，所述头部的整体或局部为折弯结构。
3.如权利要求1～2任一项所述的支架，其特征在于，所述头部整体上为弧形，弧形的凹陷处朝向支架的轴线。
4.如权利要求1～2任一项所述的支架，其特征在于，所述头部整体上为波浪形。
5.如权利要求1～2任一项所述的支架，其特征在于，所述头部的两侧边相向折弯。
6.如权利要求5所述的支架，其特征在于，所述折弯的角度为160～180度。
7.如权利要求1～2任一项所述的支架，其特征在于，所述头部的顶沿朝向颈部折弯。
8.如权利要求7所述的支架，其特征在于，所述折弯的角度为160～180度。
9.一种安装稳固的人造瓣膜置换装置，由如权利要求1～8任一项所述的支架和固定在支架上的假体瓣膜构成。
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