CN103178910A - Credibility based cognitive radio network stratified cooperative spectrum sensing method - Google Patents
Credibility based cognitive radio network stratified cooperative spectrum sensing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a credibility based cognitive radio network stratified cooperative spectrum sensing method. In a radio network, the network stratified cooperative spectrum sensing method adopting a clustering strategy can effectively solve the problem that system communication cost is greatly increased along with increase of sensing nodes. However, the technology is incapable of effectively processing negative influences, of users involved in a deep fade area and users being attacked, on system sensing performance. The method includes the specific steps: clustering sensing nodes, performing local sensing by the nodes, making judgments by cluster heads on the basis of sensing data of nodes in clusters, judging by a fusion center according to judgment results and credibility of the cluster heads, and updating credibility of each cluster head. A credibility mechanism is combined with network stratified cooperative sensing adopting the clustering strategy, so that influences of the clusters with low credibility on system sensing performance are reduced, a cognitive radio network is capable of greatly reducing negative influences of the users in deep fading and the users being attacked on a system, and system communication cost can be lowered effectively.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the cognition wireless electrical domain, relate to a kind of cooperative sensing scheme that merges credit worthiness mechanism and network hierarchy cooperative sensing, specifically fusion center is in the process that makes final justice, the sensing results that considers each bunch with and credit worthiness, adopt the new mode with weight factor to complete data fusion.Weight factor by bunch credit worthiness decide, the credit worthiness of each bunch depends on the accuracy of its bunch judgement.
Background technology
The develop rapidly of wireless communication technology, also day is becoming tight to make radio spectrum resources; Especially increasing people is by WLAN (wireless local area network) (Wireless Local Area Network, WLAN), Wireless Personal Network (Wireless Personal Area Network, the technology accessing Internet wirelessly such as WPAN), these wireless communication technologys are operated in gradually saturated unauthorized frequency range (Unlicensed Frequency Band, UFB) mostly; And spectrum management department is interference-free for specific communication service such as assurance visual broadcast services, and the meeting specific authorized frequency bands of specific assigned (Licensed Frequency Band, LFB) is for it.But to studies show that of the average occupancy of authorized frequency bands resource, most of authorized frequency bands utilization rate is all lower.So the rare and contradiction that the authorized frequency bands utilance is low of frequency spectrum resource more and more highlights.
The proposition of cognitive radio provides a very good approach for the above-mentioned contradiction of solution.The core concept of cognitive radio intermediate frequency spectrum perception is to have the CR user of cognitive function by the Intellisense spectrum environment, automatic searching also utilizes and has distributed to authorized user but unappropriated " frequency spectrum cavity-pocket ", under the prerequisite that does not affect authorized user communication, select frequency spectrum resource to carry out transfer of data, realize the frequency spectrum share with authorized user.
Frequency spectrum perception is to realize the key technology of cognitive radio.Initial alone family spectrum sensing scheme is due to the impact that is subject to shadow fading and multipath effect and may cause " hidden terminal problem " and can't extensive use.Cooperative spectrum sensing is for the defective that overcomes alone family frequency spectrum perception produces, and it, allows and share local detection information from the user from user's associating a plurality of, completes the detection to primary user's signal.
A typical cognitive radio networks is made of various CR users, and CR user detects primary user's information by the mode of cooperative spectrum sensing.But when CR user reached some, the communication overhead that is produced by cooperative spectrum sensing will increase greatly, and this can cause the series of problems such as CR user's energy loss, the increase of judgement time delay, control channel bandwidth occupancy.The proposition of clustering algorithm has solved problems effectively.Its main thought is that CR user is divided into different bunches, and the CR user in bunch only needs to a bunch overhead pass sensing results, and bunch head is realized the ground floor cooperative sensing according to a local perception data that receives; Bunch head is uploaded to fusion center with court verdict, and fusion center is realized second layer cooperative sensing according to the court verdict of each bunch that receives.
The layering cooperative sensing realizes cooperative spectrum sensing by clustering algorithm, but owing to having lost the mass efficient data between two-layer cooperative sensing, this scheme can't effectively reduce deeply decline user and the under fire impact of user on system's detection performance.The introducing of credit worthiness mechanism can effectively address this problem, and can improve the robustness of system in the system of assurance low communication expense.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of cooperation frequency spectrum sensing method in conjunction with network hierarchy cooperative sensing and credit worthiness mechanism, the method is to reduce overhead and to improve system robustness as target.The method is a kind of novel cooperation frequency spectrum sensing method, it introduces the concept of credit worthiness in layering cooperative spectrum sensing network, namely determine its credit worthiness and determine the different bunch weight factors that have according to credit worthiness in fusion process according to the perception accuracy rate of different bunches.The invention enables whole system can effectively resist deep fade user and under fire user's harmful effect that sensing results is caused, and can guarantee that the communication overhead of system is in a reduced levels simultaneously.
The concrete steps of the inventive method are that 1. pairs of sensing nodes carry out sub-clustering 2. nodes and carry out 3. bunches of heads of local perception and enter a judgement according to the court verdict of each bunch head and weight factor and 5. upgrade each bunch credit worthiness and weight factors based on bunch interior nodes perception data 4. fusion centers of entering a judgement.
Described 1. pairs of sensing nodes carry out sub-clustering, for utilizing user intrinsic in the layering perception to select multifarious characteristics to select an optimum bunch member to improve perceptual performance with this by bunch head, perhaps come the close CR user of chosen position to consist of bunch according to geography information, can also select corresponding bunch of member according to CR user's frequency spectrum correlation.If total
MIndividual bunch, the
jTotal in individual bunch
K j Individual bunch of member.
Described 2. nodes carry out local perception, for bunch in CR user adopt the mode of Energy-aware to detect the signal that the primary user sends whether to be present in current frequency band, and in this testing process later stage, perception data is sent to a bunch head, concrete steps are:
1)
jIn individual bunch
iThe signal of the target frequency bands that individual CR user gets off to antenna reception
Carry out
NInferior sampling is got
NInferior sampling and the value
This and value are exactly the energy of the signal that detects in this local perception
(formula 1)
2) detect the later stage in this locality, the energy value that CR user will receive signal is uploaded to a bunch head.
Described 3. bunches of heads are entered a judgement based on a bunch interior nodes perception data, for take bunch as unit bunch in carry out the ground floor cooperative sensing, concrete steps are as follows:
1)
jBunch head in individual bunch receives the perception data that all bunches member uploads
, adopt and wait the gain integration program, calculate the mean value of perception data
, then with mean value and a certain decision threshold
Compare, if judge that greater than this thresholding current primary user exists, otherwise judge that the primary user does not exist.Concrete decision threshold is the false alarm probability of presetting
P f Function
2) in the ground floor cooperative sensing later stage, bunch head is with the court verdict of 1bit
Y j Upload to fusion center.
Described 4. fusion centers are entered a judgement according to court verdict and the weight factor of each bunch head, for fusion center according to bunch court verdict that receives
Y j , in conjunction with the different weight factors of each bunch
, carry out second layer cooperative sensing, concrete steps are as follows:
1) with weight factor
Be applied in fusion process, consider that the weight factor of different bunches calculates judgment variables on traditional hard fusion basis
Z
(formula 5)
2) by comparing judgment variables
ZAnd fixed threshold
Judge that whether current authorized frequency bands is taken by the primary user, makes in this programme
Described 5. upgrade each bunch credit worthiness and weight factors, for a perception cycle
TFusion center upgrades their credit worthiness according to the accuracy of each bunch sensing results afterwards, and calculates new weight factor according to credit worthiness.The
jIndividual bunch front
TThe number of times of correct perception in inferior perception
With
TRatio effectively characterized this bunch CR user's overall detection performance, can be used as the credit worthiness of this bunch
The
jThe weight factor of individual bunch
Also after this recomputated.
The inventive method combines network hierarchy cooperative sensing and credit worthiness mechanism, make system can effectively weaken the error in data interference that is absorbed in deep fade district user and is subject to the malicious attack user when keeping the low communication expense, system robustness gets a promotion.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is system model figure of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is system data transfer process figure in the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention is applicable under cognitive radio environment, and a plurality of CR users cooperate to carry out the scene of frequency spectrum perception.As shown in Figure 1, a plurality of CR users are distributed in a specific zone randomly, and some CR user is absorbed in the deep fade district because of stopping of barrier, and also some CR user is because person's under attack (Attacker) interference makes the perception data mistake; Fusion center in figure might not exist by physics, also is based upon the virtual fusion center on all CR users; The primary user is in a place quite far away with certain power transmitted signal, and it and CR user share one section authorized frequency bands.
As shown in Figure 2, the concrete implementation step based on the cooperative spectrum sensing technology of clustering algorithm and credit worthiness mechanism is:
1. sensing node is carried out sub-clustering
In Fig. 1, system adopts certain cluster algorithm that CR user is divided into 4 bunches according to geography information, and bunch number of members in bunch 1, bunches 2, bunches 3, bunches 4 are respectively 7,7,6,6, select the role that a CR user takes on bunch head in each bunch.With bunch in CR user have similar spectral characteristic, this just might cause the appearance of such situation---a plurality of users in together bunch are subject to even assailant's the interference of multipath fading, shadow fading simultaneously.As a plurality of CR users person's under attack interference simultaneously in bunch 1, a plurality of CR users in bunches 4 because stopping of barrier be absorbed in simultaneously the deep fading district.CR user in bunches 2 and bunches 3 is perception primary user signal normally.
2. node carries out local perception
All CR users in all bunches carry out local perception, and will detect bunch head that data upload is given place separately bunch.In this process, the local perception data of the part CR user in bunch 1 and bunches 4 may be within normal fluctuation range.Such as, when the primary user did not exist, bunch 1 certain customers were due to person's under attack attack, and perception data is higher, thereby makes the signal energy that detects reach the level of primary user's transmitted signal; When the primary user existed, bunches 4 certain customers were owing to being in the deep fading district, and perception data is on the low side, and the signal energy that detects is well below the numerical value of primary user's transmitted signal.In this example, the
jIn individual bunch
iIndividual CR user's local perception data is
3. bunch head is entered a judgement based on a bunch interior nodes perception data
Leader cluster node in each bunch adopts according to CR subscriber's local perception data in the place that receives bunch the method that waits gain to merge, make one based on bunch judgement, and the court verdict of this 1bit is uploaded to fusion center.In Fig. 1, bunches 2 and bunches 3 user is perception primary user signal normally, and when primary user's band occupancy, the court verdict of their 1bit is all 1, and expression the primary user exist; When the vacant frequency band of primary user, the court verdict of their 1bit is all 0, and expression the primary user do not exist.And for bunch 1, if bunch member person's under attack attack, no matter primary user's band occupancy whether, the court verdict of its 1bit all might be 1; For bunch 1, no matter whether the primary user exists, the court verdict of its 1bit all might make false alarm probability for 0.
P f Equal 0.15,
jThe decision threshold of individual bunch is
The
jThe perception data average of individual bunch
For
The
jThe judging process of individual bunch is followed following criterion
4. fusion center is entered a judgement according to court verdict and the weight factor of each bunch head
Fusion center in Fig. 1 receives the court verdict of 4 bunches of each 1bit that send
, transfer the weight factor corresponding with 4 bunches subsequently from its data storehouse
, 4 weight factors and 4 1bit court verdicts are combined carry out data fusion at last, calculate the most at last judgment variables and the decision threshold of gained and do contrast, if the former exists greater than latter judgement primary user, otherwise judge that the primary user does not exist.In whole process, weight factor is larger, the court verdict of corresponding bunch head just larger on final judgement impact, otherwise less.Judgment variables in this example
For
The judging process of fusion center is followed following criterion
5. upgrade each bunch credit worthiness and weight factor
After fusion center was entered a judgement, whether the court verdict of 4 bunches that fusion center relatively receives and conclusive judgement the consistent credit worthiness of upgrading each bunch head.If both are consistent, illustrate that the court verdict of this bunch head is correct, credit worthiness rises, and weight factor increases; If both are inconsistent, illustrate that the court verdict of this bunch head is wrong, credit worthiness descends, and weight factor reduces.In Fig. 1, a plurality of CR users in bunch 1 be because person's under attack interference might be sent wrong local perception data to bunch hair, thereby cause bunch 1 bunch court verdict mistake, finally make bunch 1 credit worthiness reduce, and weight factor diminishes.Similarly, a plurality of CR users in bunches 4 are owing to being in deep fade, and normally whether perception primary user signal exists, and therefore bunches 4 bunch court verdict is probably incorrect, thereby make equally bunches 4 credit worthiness reduce, and corresponding weight factor also diminishes.In this example, the perception cycle
T=20, after a perception end cycle, the
jThe credit worthiness of individual bunch
For:
Corresponding with it, the
jThe weight coefficient of individual bunch
For:
Claims (1)
1. based on the cognitive radio networks layering cooperation frequency spectrum sensing method of credit worthiness, it is characterized in that: the method is carried out sub-clustering to sensing node, node carries out local perception, bunch head is entered a judgement based on a bunch interior nodes perception data, fusion center is entered a judgement according to court verdict and the weight factor of each bunch head, upgrade each bunch credit worthiness and weight factor, specifically:
Describedly sensing node is carried out sub-clustering refer to that the sensing node that will be distributed in certain area according to geographical positional factor is divided into several bunches, have a sensing node to serve as a bunch head in each bunch, remaining other bunch member node is to the local perception data of bunch overhead pass;
Described node carries out local perception and refers to that the sensing node in each bunch adopts energy detection technique to detect the signal that whether exists the primary user to send in current spectrum environment, and perception data is uploaded to a bunch head;
Described bunch of head based on bunch interior nodes perception data enter a judgement refer to bunch head according to the gain integration programs such as bunch interior nodes perception data employing that receive make one based on bunch judgement; This sensing results is the data of 1 bit, represents the judgement whether the perception user in this bunch exists the primary user; The court verdict of each bunch by bunch overhead pass to fusion center;
Described fusion center is entered a judgement according to the court verdict of each bunch head and weight factor and is referred to that fusion center receives the sensing results of each bunch, then give a bunch sensing results according to the credit worthiness of each bunch with different weight factors, consider at last weight factor and bunch sensing results of each bunch and adopt convergence strategy to judge whether current primary user takies authorized frequency bands; The sensing results of larger this bunch of weight factor is larger on final judgement impact, otherwise impact is less;
Described each bunch of renewal credit worthiness and weight factor refer to that fusion center contrasts each bunch court verdict and final judging result and realizes renewal to the credit worthiness of each bunch; If referring to specifically that bunch court verdict is consistent with final judging result illustrates that this bunch sensing node made correct judgement, its credit worthiness gets a promotion; If both inconsistent mistake in judgment that show this bunch sensing node, its credit worthiness will be lowered; For the renewal that guarantees credit worthiness has stronger flexibility, set the perception cycle
T, every credit worthiness through each bunch of perception cycle is upgraded once, and weight factor also recomputates once; Credit worthiness low bunch, its weight factor is accordingly little; Enjoy a good reputation bunch, its weight factor is large accordingly.
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| CN104618909A (en) * | 2015-01-08 | 2015-05-13 | 沈阳航空航天大学 | Credibility-based aeronautical radio cooperative spectrum sensing method |
| CN105187142A (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2015-12-23 | 吴豪 | Method and device for detecting idle spectrum |
| CN106603500A (en) * | 2016-11-20 | 2017-04-26 | 西安电子科技大学 | Relation matching-based spectral sensing data detection method applied to cognitive wireless network |
| CN107528647A (en) * | 2017-09-12 | 2017-12-29 | 河南工业大学 | A kind of reliable frequency spectrum sensing method in intelligent grid communication |
| CN109150623A (en) * | 2018-09-13 | 2019-01-04 | 重庆大学 | Malicious user SSDF attack method and system are resisted based on repeating query credit value |
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| CN104618909A (en) * | 2015-01-08 | 2015-05-13 | 沈阳航空航天大学 | Credibility-based aeronautical radio cooperative spectrum sensing method |
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| CN106603500A (en) * | 2016-11-20 | 2017-04-26 | 西安电子科技大学 | Relation matching-based spectral sensing data detection method applied to cognitive wireless network |
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| CN107528647A (en) * | 2017-09-12 | 2017-12-29 | 河南工业大学 | A kind of reliable frequency spectrum sensing method in intelligent grid communication |
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| CN109150623B (en) * | 2018-09-13 | 2020-08-21 | 重庆大学 | Method for resisting SSDF attack of malicious user based on round robin reputation value |
| CN116015505A (en) * | 2022-12-29 | 2023-04-25 | 电子科技大学深圳研究院 | Method and device for reliably sensing user selection in cognitive wireless network |
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