CN103177258B - A kind of method automatically extracting geography line according to vector contour line data - Google Patents
A kind of method automatically extracting geography line according to vector contour line data Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method automatically extracting geography line according to vector contour line data, described automatically extract the method for geography line according to vector contour line data and comprise steps of determining that the characteristic point of landform；To characteristic point classification, find out ridge point and mountain valley point；Determine generation ridge line and the judgement factor of valley route；Automatically generate ridge line and valley route；The method of present invention feature and geometrical morphological analysis by utilizing the isocontour curve of vector determines ridge point, the features of terrain points such as mountain valley point, then connect features of terrain point and form ridge line, the Feature line such as valley route, recognition speed is high, and the Feature line such as the ridge line extracted and valley route are also consistent with actual landform change, can be prevented effectively from simultaneously and manually extract the error brought, the present invention may be used for extracting terrain profile line from digital terrain data, in addition, the present invention is easy to operate, method is simple, there is good actual application value.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to landform and the technical field of landforms research, particularly relate to a kind of according to vector equal pitch contour number
According to the method automatically extracting geography line.
Background technology
In ground field, the most automatic from Digital Contour Line data and digital terrain model (DEM) data
Extraction lies in ridge line therein and valley route, always one critically important research work.
Chinese and overseas scholars proposes many and is applicable to the characteristic information extraction method of different research purpose, such as,
From Digital Contour Line extracting data ridge line and valley route carry out equal pitch contour in groups comprehensive [Fei Lifan. landform
The test that figure equal pitch contour is the most comprehensive. Surveying & Cartography Scientific & Technological Univ., Wuhan's journal, 1993,18 (supplementary issues)], extract in DEM
D8 method [Martz L W, Garbrecht J. (1992) the Numerical definition of drainage of natural stream networks
network and subcatchment areas from digital elevation models.Computers and
Geosciences.18(6).；Martz L W, Garbrecht J. (1999) An outlet breaching algorithm for
the treatment of closed depressions in a raster DEM.Computers and Geosciences.
25 (6)], from Digital Contour Line extracting data ridge line and valley route the landform using it for high fidelity
Represent [Auman G, Ebner H, Tang L. (1991) Automatic derivation of skeleton lines
from digitized contours.ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing.
46 (5)], extract from DEM ridge line and the section identification of valley route and polygon cracking method [Chang Y C,
Song G S, Hsu S K. (1998) Automatic extraction of ridge and valley axes using the
profile recognition and polygon-breaking algorithm.Computers and Geosciences.
24 (1)], from DEM, ridge line and frequency domain first directional derivative method [morning in the remaining years, the Liu great of valley route are extracted
Have, Liu Hong. ridge line and the computer auto-detection of valley route. Chinese image graphics journal, 1999,4 (8)].
Existing and extraction ridge line, valley route Patents are concentrated mainly on special field for special purpose
Realization, specifically have China 2010 authorize a patent of invention [a kind of based on goddess in the moon's dem data from
Dynamic mountain valley and the method for ridge line of identifying, application number/patent No.: 201010578489.2, invention designer:
Liu Ronggao], this invention provides a kind of identification mountain valley and the method for ridge line automatically of based on goddess in the moon's dem data.
This invention may be used for the extraction of the atural object contour line such as the moon, Mars.Also has China 2,012 one authorized
Patent of invention [a kind of method carrying out dimensional topography characteristic point generation on TIN, application number/specially
Profit number: 201210107518.6, invention designer: Liu Jianjun, Wang Donghua, Shang Yaoling, Zhao great writer, wool grass
Uncommon], it is provided that a kind of method carrying out dimensional topography characteristic point generation on TIN, can be extensive
Refine for terrain data details the fields such as optimization, geoanalysis, dem data production.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to utilize a kind of method automatically extracting geography line according to vector contour line data,
Aim to solve the problem that the extraction ridge line valley route utilizing rule-based dem data, at vector contour line data and
The dem data transformation process of rule can lose a lot of features of terrain information so that the ridge extracted
The problem that the information such as line valley route and actual landform have bigger difference.
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method automatically extracting geography line according to vector contour line data,
Described automatically extract the method for geography line according to vector contour line data and comprise the following steps:
Determine the characteristic point of landform；
To characteristic point classification, find out ridge point and mountain valley point；
Determine generation ridge line and the judgement factor of valley route；
Automatically generate ridge line and valley route.
Further, the specifically comprising the following steps that of the described method automatically extracting geography line according to vector contour line data
Use Split method, first with isocontour Far Left and rightmost two points as starting point, will close
Close equal pitch contour and be divided into two parts, select two end points as starting point, order meter for non-closed equal pitch contour
Calculate on equal pitch contour each o'clock between two starting points away from two starting point lines vertical away from, and find out
It is maximum vertical away from point, if equal pitch contour subtended angle is less than given threshold values at this point, then this point is characterized a little；
Straight line is utilized to ask the method for friendship to ridge point, mountain valley point identification with the broken line in curve；
According to reference point and wait that the distance judging between point, in a limit value, is waited to judge that point is answered with the line of reference point
Being in equal pitch contour in the angle that reference point is opened, equal pitch contour is in reference point and waits to judge the subtended angle direction at point
Should be essentially identical, valley route, ridge line wait that the steering angle judging some principle in a limit value determines generation mountain
Crestal line, the judgement factor of valley route；
Ridge point, mountain valley are pressed its height value size and be ranked up, and ridge presses the ascending row of height value
Sequence, mountain valley presses the descending sequence of height value, searches for valley route by height value line-by-line from high to low,
Then valley route is connected, ridge line, the automatically generating of valley route.
Further, the judgement factor of described generation ridge line, valley route is: distance factor S, point to be judged
And the distance between reference point, angle factor-alpha 1, wait judge point with reference point line and reference point at equal pitch contour open
The angle of angle angular bisector, angle factor-alpha 2, wait to judge that the equal pitch contour subtended angle angle at point and reference point 2 is flat
The angle of separated time, angle factor-alpha 3, current connection features line segment is connected between complete Eigenvector with previous
Steering angle.
Further, the search procedure of described connection valley route is:
The first step, elder generation find out the highest mountain valley point of elevation (current reference point) from the mountain valley point of all non-lines；
Second step, from that equal pitch contour lower than this point height and that the discrepancy in elevation is minimum, look for mountain valley point, if mountain valley point
Be unsatisfactory for generating any bar in ridge line and valley route principle, then this point is not considered, and continues to investigate next
Point；Find out that meeting principle above-mentioned from all mountain valleys point, then this point is on this characteristic curve
Point；
3rd step, by just found out this point be connected with current reference point, form a line on this valley route
Section；
4th step, from the beginning of that mountain valley point just found out, repeat second step, the 3rd step, continue to next
Bar equal pitch contour is found；
If the 5th step certain mountain valley point search to valley route subsequent point be the point on other valley route, or
Person is transfinited due to distance at this mountain valley point or angle transfinites, and when can not find the subsequent point of valley route in a word, says
This valley route bright leaves it at that；
6th step, above five steps that repeat, continuation next valley route of extraction, until terminating.
The method automatically extracting geography line according to vector contour line data that the present invention provides, by utilizing vector
The feature of isocontour curve and the method for geometrical morphological analysis determine the features of terrain point such as ridge point, mountain valley point,
Then connecting features of terrain point and form the Feature line such as ridge line, valley route, the present invention can be led to effectively
Cross vector contour line data and automatically extract the ridge line and valley route lying in digital terrain, recognition speed
Height, and the Feature line such as the ridge line that extracts and valley route is also consistent with actual landform change
, can be prevented effectively from simultaneously and manually extract the error brought, the present invention may be used for providing from digital terrain
Extracting terrain profile line in material, additionally, the present invention is easy to operate, method is simple, has actual answering
By value.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the method automatically extracting geography line according to vector contour line data that the embodiment of the present invention provides
Flowchart；
Fig. 2 is the identification ridge point of embodiment of the present invention offer, mountain valley point schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is the isocontour schematic diagram of rule that the embodiment of the present invention provides；
Fig. 4 be the embodiment of the present invention provide mountain top or mountain valley at the bottom of schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is the irregular isocontour schematic diagram that the embodiment of the present invention provides；
Fig. 6 is that the characteristic point that the embodiment of the present invention provides is positioned at the schematic diagram at landform saddle；
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of the Experimental Area feature point diagram that the embodiment of the present invention provides；
Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram of the Experimental Area feature line chart that the embodiment of the present invention provides.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to make the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and reality
Execute example, the present invention is further elaborated.Only should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein
Only in order to explain the present invention, it is not intended to limit the present invention.
Embodiments provide a kind of method automatically extracting geography line according to vector contour line data, should
The method automatically extracting geography line according to vector contour line data comprises the following steps:
Determine the characteristic point of landform；
To characteristic point classification, find out ridge point and mountain valley point；
Determine generation ridge line and the judgement factor of valley route；
Automatically generate ridge line and valley route.
As a prioritization scheme of the embodiment of the present invention, automatically extract geography line according to vector contour line data
Specifically comprising the following steps that of method
Use Split method, first with isocontour Far Left and rightmost two points as starting point, will close
Close equal pitch contour and be divided into two parts, select two end points as starting point, order meter for non-closed equal pitch contour
Calculate on equal pitch contour each o'clock between two starting points away from two starting point lines vertical away from, and find out
It is maximum vertical away from point, if equal pitch contour subtended angle is less than given threshold values at this point, then this point is characterized a little；
Straight line is utilized to ask the method for friendship to ridge point, mountain valley point identification with the broken line in curve；
According to reference point and wait that the distance judging between point, in a limit value, is waited to judge that point is answered with the line of reference point
Being in equal pitch contour in the angle that reference point is opened, equal pitch contour is in reference point and waits to judge the subtended angle direction at point
Should be essentially identical, valley route, ridge line wait that the steering angle judging some principle in a limit value determines generation mountain
Crestal line, the judgement factor of valley route；
Ridge point, mountain valley are pressed its height value size and be ranked up, and ridge presses the ascending row of height value
Sequence, mountain valley presses the descending sequence of height value, searches for valley route by height value line-by-line from high to low,
Then valley route is connected, ridge line, the automatically generating of valley route.
As a prioritization scheme of the embodiment of the present invention, generate ridge line, the judgement factor of valley route is: away from
From factor S, wait to judge the distance between point and reference point, angle factor-alpha 1, wait to judge point and reference point line
With the angle of equal pitch contour subtended angle angular bisector, angle factor-alpha 2 at reference point, wait to judge point and reference point two point
The angle of the equal pitch contour subtended angle angular bisector at place, angle factor-alpha 3, current connection features line segment is connected with previous
The complete steering angle between Eigenvector.
As a prioritization scheme of the embodiment of the present invention, the search procedure connecting valley route is:
The first step, elder generation find out the highest mountain valley point of elevation (current reference point) from the mountain valley point of all non-lines；
Second step, from that equal pitch contour lower than this point height and that the discrepancy in elevation is minimum, look for mountain valley point, if mountain valley point
Be unsatisfactory for generating any bar in ridge line and valley route principle, then this point is not considered, and continues to investigate next
Point；Find out that meeting principle above-mentioned from all mountain valleys point, then this point is on this characteristic curve
Point；
3rd step, by just found out this point be connected with current reference point, form a line on this valley route
Section；
4th step, from the beginning of that mountain valley point just found out, repeat second step, the 3rd step, continue to next
Bar equal pitch contour is found；
If the 5th step certain mountain valley point search to valley route subsequent point be the point on other valley route, or
Person is transfinited due to distance at this mountain valley point or angle transfinites, and when can not find the subsequent point of valley route in a word, says
This valley route bright leaves it at that；
6th step, above five steps that repeat, continuation next valley route of extraction, until terminating.
Referring to the drawings, the embodiment of the present invention is automatically extracted according to vector contour line data the side of geography line
Method is described in further detail.
As Figure 1-Figure 8, the embodiment of the present invention automatically extract geography line according to vector contour line data
Method comprises the following steps:
S101: determine the characteristic point of landform；
S102: to characteristic point classification, finds out ridge point and mountain valley point；
S103: determine generation ridge line and the judgement factor of valley route；
S104: automatically generate ridge line and valley route；
The present invention specifically comprises the following steps that
The determination of step one, features of terrain point:
The point on ridge line and valley route feature on equal pitch contour shows as the maximum of equal pitch contour local curvature
Point, the i.e. characteristic point of equal pitch contour bending change.The determination of characteristic point and the simplification of line segment, compression on equal pitch contour
The principle of algorithm is close, therefore almost all of curve simplifies algorithm and is used equally to the determination of characteristic point, adopts here
Use Split method, first with isocontour Far Left and rightmost two points as starting point (for Guan Bi etc.
High line), closed contour is divided into two parts, selects two end points as initial for non-closed equal pitch contour
Point.After starting point determines, on order calculating equal pitch contour, each o'clock between two starting points is away from two
Starting point line hang down away from, and find out it and maximum hang down away from point, if equal pitch contour subtended angle is less than given valve at this point
(using 165 °, if subtended angle is more than 165 °, then equal pitch contour is similar to straight line, bending change to value herein
Little), then this point is characterized a little.Former equal pitch contour is divided into two parts by this characteristic point, determines every part newly
Starting point, i.e. constitute two to new starting point respectively with former two starting points with this feature point, with identical
These two sections of curves are found out respective characteristic point by method.
Step 2, ridge point, mountain valley point identification:
After finding out features of terrain point, also will to its be analyzed judge, find out which characteristic point be ridge point,
Which characteristic point is mountain valley point.
Intuitive judgment ridge point, mountain valley point method as in figure 2 it is shown, i.e. calculate equal pitch contour at characteristic point C
The elevation of certain some D in the range of subtended angle, and compare with C point height, if the elevation of D point is high more than C point
Journey, then C point is ridge point；Otherwise, C point is mountain valley point.This kind of method seems simple, but owing to calculating
D point height process is complicated, computationally intensive, affects judging efficiency.The present invention utilizes straight line and the folding in curve
The method (equal pitch contour is made up of) of friendship sought some broken lines by line, simplifies calculating process.For reducing amount of calculation, carry
Computationally efficient, has selected distance threshold values 12 times of contour interval (present invention use), thus
It is limited to a least scope asking friendship to judge, thus decreases amount of calculation, improve the efficiency of calculating.
Ridge point, mountain valley point judgement minute below 3 kinds of situations carry out.
1 as it is shown on figure 3, equal pitch contour is conventional regular shape, C point find out for step (1) one
Individual features of terrain point, A point, B point are for be positioned at the C point left and right sides and and C on C point same equal pitch contour
Adjacent point (point of curve matching or digitised points), D point is that the midpoint by AB line is to C point phase negative side
To the intersection point of made vertical line Yu adjacent contour, the elevation of D point is this isocontour elevation.If D point
Elevation is more than C point height, then C point is ridge point；Otherwise, C point is mountain valley point.
2, as shown in Figure 4, Figure 5, the D point that method as described in the first situation obtains is on same equal pitch contour
Point, then the elevation of D point is equal with the elevation of C point, it is impossible to judges that C point is ridge point or mountain valley point, says
Bright this feature point (C point) is positioned at mountain top or bottom, mountain valley, or the equal pitch contour at characteristic point is irregular
Equal pitch contour.For this kind of situation, the midpoint of AB line make vertical line to C point equidirectional, obtain with
The intersection point D ' (as shown in Figure 3, Figure 4) of adjacent contour, the elevation of D ' is this isocontour elevation.
If the elevation of D ' is less than C point height, then C point is ridge point；Otherwise, C point is mountain valley point.
3, as shown in Figure 6, the second situation the elevation of D ' obtained and the elevation still phase of C point
Deng, but now D ' belong to different equal pitch contours from C point, then characteristic point is positioned at landform saddle.
By above several steps, so that it may find out all of ridge point and mountain valley point, for convenience and rapidly
Generate ridge line and valley route, ridge point and mountain valley point are deposited respectively with different chained lists.
Step 3, generate the determination of the judgement factor of ridge line, valley route:
Generate ridge line, valley route and should follow following principle: 1. reference point and wait that the distance judging between point is
In limit value；2. wait to judge that point should be at equal pitch contour in the angle that reference point is opened with the line of reference point；③
Equal pitch contour reference point with wait to judge that the subtended angle direction at point should be essentially identical；4. valley route, ridge line are waited to sentence
The steering angle of breakpoint is in a limit value.
Can show that from above principle corresponding 4 judge the factor when generating ridge line, valley route: 1. distance
Factor S, waits to judge the distance between point and reference point；2. angle factor-alpha 1, waits to judge point and reference point line
With the angle of equal pitch contour subtended angle angular bisector at reference point；3. angle factor-alpha 2, waits to judge point and reference point two
The angle of the equal pitch contour subtended angle angular bisector at Dian；4. angle factor-alpha 3, current connection features line segment is with previous
Connect the steering angle between complete Eigenvector.
Step 4, ridge line, the automatically generating of valley route
Before generating characteristic curve, first ridge point, mountain valley should be pressed its height value size and be ranked up, mountain
Ridge point presses the ascending sequence of height value, and the descending sequence of height value is pressed in mountain valley.
Connecting valley route to search for by height value line-by-line from high to low, its search procedure is as follows:
The first step, elder generation find out the highest mountain valley point of elevation (current reference point) from the mountain valley point of all non-lines.
Second step, from that equal pitch contour lower than this point height and that the discrepancy in elevation is minimum, look for mountain valley point, if mountain valley point
Be unsatisfactory for any bar in 4 principles that step (3) is mentioned, then this point is not considered, and continues to investigate next
Point；Find out that meeting 4 principles above-mentioned from all mountain valleys point, then this point is this characteristic curve
On point.
3rd step, by just found out this point be connected with current reference point, form a line on this valley route
Section.
4th step, start from that mountain valley point (now, this point is current reference point) of just having found out, repeat
Second step, the 3rd step, continue to find to next equal pitch contour.
If the 5th step certain mountain valley point search to valley route subsequent point be the point on other valley route, or
Person is transfinited due to distance at this mountain valley point or angle transfinites, and when can not find the subsequent point of valley route in a word, says
This valley route bright leaves it at that.
6th step, above five steps that repeat, continuation next valley route of extraction, until terminating.
Connecting ridge line is that height value line-by-line from low to high is searched for, the principle of its search and method and company
Identical when connecing valley route.
Fig. 7 is the Experimental Area equal pitch contour feature point diagram detected by method provided by the present invention, and Fig. 8 is
The Experimental Area ridge line that obtains by method provided by the present invention, mountain valley line chart.
The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all at this
Any amendment, equivalent and the improvement etc. made within bright spirit and principle, should be included in the present invention
Protection domain within.
Claims (1)
1. the method automatically extracting geography line according to vector contour line data, it is characterised in that described contour according to vector
Line data automatically extract the method for geography line and comprise the following steps:
Extreme point i.e. features of terrain point is accurately extracted from vector data；
Features of terrain vertex type identifies automatically；
Automatically identify, follow the trail of generation landform skeleton line.
Specifically comprising the following steps that of the described method automatically extracting geography line according to vector contour line data
By certain length threshold, every equal pitch contour is carried out segmentation, every section of isocontour first and last 2 is connected and forms straight line
Section, 1. calculates every bit and the distance of straightway on equal pitch contour, finds out the point that distance is maximum, if the distance of this point is more than given
Threshold value, then this shop is exactly the characteristic point on equal pitch contour；2. with this point as boundary, contour line segment is divided into two sections；To these two sections repetitions
1., 2. step, it is known that the distance calculated is both less than given threshold value, just have found all of features of terrain point.
Landform characteristic point is classified by the feature and the geometrical morphological analysis that utilize the isocontour curve of vector, by comparative feature point
In the bending at place, characteristic point is divided into mountain valley point and ridge point two with the mode of characteristic point elevation size by the elevation of a reference point
Class, if this bending bends towards lower, is mountain valley point, bend towards eminence for ridge point.
After features of terrain point is divided into ridge point and mountain valley point, next it is exactly, according to certain rule, these points are connected generation
The skeleton line of landform, connection should follow following rule:
1. reference point is a little required to be identical type with waiting to sentence, and is i.e. all ridge point or is all mountain valley point；2. reference point and between waiting to sentence a little
Other line segments or characteristic point is not had to intercept；3. reference point with wait to sentence a bending direction identical；4. reference point and the distance waited between sentencing a little
Meet threshold requirement.
Before generating the skeleton line of landform, in addition it is also necessary to ridge point and mountain valley point are carried out pretreatment, is ranked up by height value, does
Good these just can the most automatically be searched for after preparing and connect the skeleton line (geography line) generating landform:
The first step, choose height value minimum ridge o'clock as first point to be sentenced；
Second step, wait to sentence a little as the center of circle with this, with certain threshold value as radius, draw a circle, find distance to wait to sentence a little nearest in circle
Ridge point；
3rd step, judging whether this ridge point meets aforementioned four rule, if being unsatisfactory for, then judging that in circle, distance waits to sentence a little second
Near ridge point, until finding a ridge point meeting aforementioned four rule, then this ridge point is and waits to sentence a little on same mountain
Point on crestal line, connects and waits to sentence a little and ridge point；
4th step, the ridge point found using the 3rd step, as new point to be sentenced, return second step；
If the 5th step can not find satisfactory ridge point in circle, show that this ridge line connects generation and terminates；
6th step, from the ridge point of all non-lines, find out the minimum ridge point of elevation as new point to be sentenced；
7th step, repeat above second step to the 6th step, connect and generate new ridge line, until all of ridge point all junctions
Manage complete.
8th step, choose height value maximum mountain valley point as point to be sentenced；
9th step, wait to sentence a little as the center of circle with this, with certain threshold value as radius, draw a circle, find distance to wait to sentence a little nearest in circle
Mountain valley point；
Tenth step, judging whether this mountain valley point meets aforementioned four rule, if being unsatisfactory for, then judging that in circle, distance waits to sentence a little second
Near mountain valley point, until finding a mountain valley point meeting aforementioned four rule, then this mountain valley point is and waits to sentence a little on same mountain
Point on valley line, connects and waits to sentence a little and mountain valley point；
11st step, using mountain valley point that the tenth step finds as new point to be sentenced, return the 9th step；
If the 12nd step can not find satisfactory mountain valley point in circle, show that this valley route connects generation and terminates；
13rd step, from the mountain valley point of all non-lines, find out the maximum mountain valley point of elevation as new point to be sentenced
14th step, above 9th to the 13rd step that repeats, the connection new valley route of generation, until Dian Dou junction, all of mountain valley
Manage complete.
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